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Fatnan, Muna H., Zahir M. Hussain, and Hind R. Mohammed. "A Modified JadeR for Signal Separation under Gaussian Noise." Journal of Kufa for Mathematics and Computer 5, no. 3 (January 14, 2019): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31642/jokmc/2018/05030.
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A Modified version of Joint Approximation Diagonalization Estimation of Real Signals algorithm (JADER) is proposed to enhance efficiency and speed of Blind Signal Separation (BSS). MJADER based on the mixture's dimensions minimization step, where the cumulant matrices have been estimated using a reduced-dimension observed mixture. The approach (M-JADER) is based on a threshold step, it is easy to implement, computationally efficient and faster than standard JADER about 50% where it has less running time. The comparison done under tow types of niose(semi-white Gaussian noise and Uniform noise)
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Batt, Murray D., Charles E. Edmiston, and John Heggers. "SHEA Meets With OSHA and NIOSH at White House." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 17, no. 5 (May 1996): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700004161.
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Raymond, Delbert M., Oisaeng Hong, Sally L. Lusk, and David L. Ronis. "Predictors of Hearing Protection Use for Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Factory Workers." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 20, no. 2 (June 2006): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/rtnp.20.2.127.
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The 2000 United States Census reported significant growth in the number of Hispanic workers. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, 1996) has identified noise-induced hearing loss as a significant occupational threat. Current theoretical models need to be evaluated for their utility with Hispanic workers. The Predictors for Use of Hearing Protection Model (PUHPM) is a framework for increasing workers’ use of hearing protection devices (HPDs). Using regression analysis, the explained variance in HPD use by the model predictors was examined in a sample of 208 Hispanic factory workers. Explained variance was lower for Hispanics (R2 = .20) than for non-Hispanic Whites (R2 = .37). Further research with Hispanic workers is needed to improve the PUHPM fit.
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Unoki, Kohei, Akira Yoshiasa, Ginga Kitahara, Tadao Nishiayama, Makoto Tokuda, Kazumasa Sugiyama, and Akihiko Nakatsuka. "Crystal structure refinements of stoichiometric Ni3Se2 and NiSe." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 77, no. 4 (March 9, 2021): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229621002187.
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Single crystals of Ni3Se2 (trinickel diselenide) and NiSe (nickel selenide) with stoichiometric chemical compositions were grown in evacuated silica-glass tubes. The chemical compositions of the single crystals of Ni3Se2 and NiSe were determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The crystal structures of Ni3Se2 [rhombohedral, space group R32, a = 6.02813 (13), c = 7.24883 (16) Å, Z = 3] and NiSe [hexagonal, space group P63/mmc, a = 3.66147 (10), c = 5.35766 (16) Å, Z = 2] were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and refined to yield R values of 0.020 and 0.018 for 117 and 85 unique reflections, respectively, with F o > 4σ(F o). R32 is a Sohncke type of space group where enantiomeric structures can exist; the single-domain structure obtained by the refinement was confirmed to be correct by a Flack parameter of −0.05 (2). The existence of Ni—Ni bonds was confirmed in both compounds, in addition to the Ni—Se bonds. The value of the atomic displacement parameter (mean-square displacement) of each atom in NiSe was larger than that in Ni3Se2. The larger amplitude of the atoms in NiSe corresponds to longer Ni—Se and Ni—Ni bond lengths in NiSe than in Ni3Se2. The Debye temperatures, θD, estimated from observed mean-square displacements for Ni and Se in Ni3Se2, were 322 and 298 K, respectively, while those for Ni and Se in NiSe were 246 and 241 K, respectively. The existence of large cavities in the structure and the weak bonding force are likely responsible for the brittle and soft nature of the NiSe crystal.
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Neu-Baker, Nicole M., Adrienne Eastlake, and Laura Hodson. "Results of the 2019 Survey of Engineered Nanomaterial Occupational Health and Safety Practices." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 7676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137676.
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In collaboration with RTI International, the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) administered a survey to North American companies working with nanomaterials to assess health and safety practices. The results would contribute to understanding the impact of the efforts made by the NIOSH Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC) in communicating occupational health and safety (OHS) considerations for workers when handling these materials. The survey, developed by RAND Corporation, was conducted online from September 2019–December 2019. Forty-five companies or organizations in the U.S. and Canada that fabricate, manufacture, handle, dispose, or otherwise use nanomaterials completed the survey. The survey was designed to answer research questions regarding the nanomaterials in use, which resources the companies have consulted for OHS guidance, and the overall OHS culture at the companies. Other questions specifically addressed whether the companies interacted with NIOSH or NIOSH resources to inform OHS policies and practices. Among participating companies, 57.8% had a maximum of 50 employees. Gold nanoparticles and polymers were most common (n = 20; 45.5% each), followed by graphene (36.4%), carbon nanotubes and nanofibers (34.1%), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (31.8%). Environmental monitoring was performed by 31.8% of the companies. While 88.9% of the companies had laminar flow cabinets, only 67.5% required it to be used with ENMs. Information and training programs were indicated by 90% of the sample, and only 29.6% performed specific health surveillance for ENM workers. Personal protective equipment primarily included gloves (100%) and eye/face protection (97.7%). More than a third (37.8%) of the respondents reported using at least one NIOSH resource to acquire information about safe handling of ENMs. The small number of companies that responded to and completed the survey is a considerable limitation to this study. However, the survey data are valuable for gauging the reach and influence of the NIOSH NTRC on nano OHS and for informing future outreach, particularly to small businesses.
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Karwowski, Waldemar, and Nina Brokaw. "Implications of the Proposed Revisions in a Draft of the Revised NIOSH Lifting Guide (1991) for Job Redesign: A Field Study." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 10 (October 1992): 659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129203601004.
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The main objective of this research project was to compare the recommended load limits for lifting tasks derived based on the NIOSH (1981) Lifting Guide and the proposed NIOSH Draft Revisions of (1991). The study involved the following steps: 1) Identification of a total of 15 manual lifting tasks from 8 different jobs performed at the industrial site, with different tasks characteristics in order to cover most of the possible lifting conditions considered under the Draft Revisions to the NIOSH Guide (1991), 2) Description of the lifting tasks variables for the identified jobs, 3) Calculation of the RWL values for the identified jobs per 1991 Lifting Guide, as well as the AL and MPL values according the 1981 Lifting Guide, 4) Comparison of the actual loads lifted (L) with the values of RWL, AL and MPL, and calculation. The results showed that the Draft Guide of 1991 was much more restrictive with respect to defining the lifting acceptable jobs. Under this Guide, 10 out of 15 tasks analyzed in this study (66.7%) were found unacceptable, and required redesigning. For comparison, under the NIOSH (1981) Guide, as many as 8 of 15 (53.3%) of the tasks were found fully acceptable (below the action limit or AL level), while 6 tasks (40%) required application of administrative controls, and only 1 of the 15 tasks analyzed (6.7%) was found unacceptable.
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Tang, Li Li, Shao Jun Yao, Wei Huang, and Jing Wang. "Embedded Processors Nios II-Based LCD Display System Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2199.
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Altera's Nios soft core embedded processor, with its low cost, flexible design, etc., has been widely used in embedded applications, while LCD is also increasingly used in a variety of instrumentation and control system as a man-machine interface and display modules. This paper presents a LCD screen of the software and hardware design based on a soft-core Nios embedded processor, introducing hardware interface circuit and software development processes which control the LCD screen, and the corresponding procedures.
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Wu, Cheng, X. H. Hilda Huang, Wai Man Ng, Stephen M. Griffith, and Jian Zhen Yu. "Inter-comparison of NIOSH and IMPROVE protocols for OC and EC determination: implications for inter-protocol data conversion." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 9 (September 14, 2016): 4547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4547-2016.
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Abstract. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) are operationally defined by analytical methods. As a result, OC and EC measurements are protocol dependent, leading to uncertainties in their quantification. In this study, more than 1300 Hong Kong samples were analyzed using both National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) thermal optical transmittance (TOT) and Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environment (IMPROVE) thermal optical reflectance (TOR) protocols to explore the cause of EC disagreement between the two protocols. EC discrepancy mainly (83 %) arises from a difference in peak inert mode temperature, which determines the allocation of OC4NSH, while the rest (17 %) is attributed to a difference in the optical method (transmittance vs. reflectance) applied for the charring correction. Evidence shows that the magnitude of the EC discrepancy is positively correlated with the intensity of the biomass burning signal, whereby biomass burning increases the fraction of OC4NSH and widens the disagreement in the inter-protocol EC determination. It is also found that the EC discrepancy is positively correlated with the abundance of metal oxide in the samples. Two approaches (M1 and M2) that translate NIOSH TOT OC and EC data into IMPROVE TOR OC and EC data are proposed. M1 uses direct relationship between ECNSH_TOT and ECIMP_TOR for reconstruction: M1 : ECIMP_TOR = a × ECNSH_TOT + b; while M2 deconstructs ECIMP_TOR into several terms based on analysis principles and applies regression only on the unknown terms: M2 : ECIMP_TOR = AECNSH + OC4NSH − (a × PCNSH_TOR + b), where AECNSH, apparent EC by the NIOSH protocol, is the carbon that evolves in the He–O2 analysis stage, OC4NSH is the carbon that evolves at the fourth temperature step of the pure helium analysis stage of NIOSH, and PCNSH_TOR is the pyrolyzed carbon as determined by the NIOSH protocol. The implementation of M1 to all urban site data (without considering seasonal specificity) yields the following equation: M1(urban data) : ECIMP_TOR = 2.20 × ECNSH_TOT − 0.05. While both M1 and M2 are acceptable, M2 with site-specific parameters provides the best reconstruction performance. Secondary OC (SOC) estimation using OC and EC by the two protocols is compared. An analysis of the usability of reconstructed ECIMP_TOR and OCIMP_TOR suggests that the reconstructed values are not suitable for SOC estimation due to the poor reconstruction of the OC / EC ratio.
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Siregar, Zufri Hasrudy, and Margie Subahagia Ningsih. "Implementasi metode NIOSH dan analisa QEC pada alat potong ranting." Operations Excellence: Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 11, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/oe.v11.1.2019.014.
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This research is the design of new technology which is simple by engineering hydraulic system and principles of hand grip which functions as adjustable twig clipper that is ergonomic, with the normal length of 1.5 meters, maximum length of 3 meters., weight of 2.8 kg, the length of grip range of 94 mm and handlebar diameter of 52 mm. This research used the method of ergonomic analysis to identify the suitability of the device with human by taking 95 percentile. From the findings, the hand grip diameter obtained is 54, 29 mm while the hand palm width is 97.87 mm, and the maximum pressure required to cut the branch is 522.29 kg/cm2 with a diameter of 1 cm that is for the type of clove twig. In addition, from the NIOSH analysis, it is obtained that the required weight is 4.89 Kg while from the QEC method, the highest score percentage is 47.62. This means that it is necessary to improve the equipment in the future. In order to prevent tiredness, the suggested working duration is 8.40 minutes and 7.14 minutes for resting time. From the results of research, it can be concluded that this device still needs to be improved in the future. In addition, the usage time is quite short and it is only functioned for harvesting clove and harvesting other similar with maximum diameter of 1 cm.
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Simpson, Anne, and Les Watling. "Precious corals (Coralliidae) from north-western Atlantic Seamounts." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91, no. 2 (July 5, 2010): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531541000086x.
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Two new species belonging to the precious coral genus Corallium were collected during a series of exploratory cruises to the New England and Corner Rise Seamounts in 2003–2005. One red species, Corallium bathyrubrum sp. nov., and one white species, C. bayeri sp. nov., are described. Corallium bathyrubrum is the first red Corallium to be reported from the western Atlantic. An additional species, C. niobe Bayer, 1964 originally described from the Straits of Florida, was also collected and its description augmented.
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Verreault, Daniel, Louis Gendron, Geneviève M. Rousseau, Marc Veillette, Daniel Massé, William G. Lindsley, Sylvain Moineau, and Caroline Duchaine. "Detection of Airborne Lactococcal Bacteriophages in Cheese Manufacturing Plants." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 2 (November 29, 2010): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01391-10.
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ABSTRACTThe dairy industry adds starter bacterial cultures to heat-treated milk to control the fermentation process during the manufacture of many cheeses. These highly concentrated bacterial populations are susceptible to virulent phages that are ubiquitous in cheese factories. In this study, the dissemination of these phages by the airborne route and their presence on working surfaces were investigated in a cheese factory. Several surfaces were swabbed, and five air samplers (polytetrafluoroethylene filter, polycarbonate filter, BioSampler, Coriolis cyclone sampler, and NIOSH two-stage cyclone bioaerosol personal sampler) were tested. Samples were then analyzed for the presence of twoLactococcus lactisphage groups (936 and c2), and quantification was done by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Both lactococcal phage groups were found on most swabbed surfaces, while airborne phages were detected at concentrations of at least 103genomes/m3of air. The NIOSH sampler had the highest rate of air samples with detectable levels of lactococcal phages. This study demonstrates that virulent phages can circulate through the air and that they are ubiquitous in cheese manufacturing facilities.
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Hudson, Heidi, John Snawder, Eric Esswein, and Cynthia Striley. "Partnering and Consumer Orientation: Techniques That Move Occupational Safety and Health Research into Practice." Social Marketing Quarterly 14, no. 4 (November 26, 2008): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245000802487564.
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First responders, remediation workers, and other personnel frequently encounter clandestine methamphetamine (meth) labs or previous meth lab sites while performing their everyday jobs. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) researchers developed a real-time method for detecting methamphetamine on surfaces for use by these workers. This case study describes how a federal agency developed and field-tested this innovative technology and collaborated with a private sector partner to commercialize and market the technology and the impact these actions had on its transfer and adoption.
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Cunningham, Thomas, Brenda Jacklitsch, and Reid Richards. "Intermediary Perspectives on Total Worker Health in Small Businesses." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (October 2, 2021): 10398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910398.
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The future of work will include not only more small business employment, but also a need for greater consideration of more holistic approaches to addressing worker well-being. Previous research has suggested smaller firms need external assistance to add new or improve existing workplace health and safety activities. A Total Worker Health® (TWH) approach is potentially appealing to small employers as it is intended to identify and support comprehensive practices and policies that take into account the work environment (both physical and organizational) while also addressing the personal health risks of individuals, thus being more effective in preventing disease and promoting health and safety than each approach taken separately. NIOSH researchers applied the NIOSH Small Business Intervention Diffusion Model to conduct parallel community-based TWH activities in two geographically distinct communities in a large metropolitan area. Data were collected from intermediary organizations that work with or serve small businesses about their perceptions of the TWH approach as a potential service for them to offer small firms. Intermediary organizations engaged in implementation of TWH approaches with small businesses in the respective geographic areas for approximately one year. Results indicated intermediary organizations find value in providing TWH assistance to small employers, but several challenges for intermediaries implementing TWH among small employers remain.
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Sartz, Patrik, and Srijan Aggarwal. "Ambient Air Quality in the Vicinity of a Herder Mediated In-Situ Burn Field Test in Alaska." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 2017149. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.000149.
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In-situ burning (ISB) is an efficient and important response tool in a wide range of conditions from open water and very open drift ice (herders) to consolidated ice (self-contained). Herding agents provide a means to thicken and then burn uncontained slicks that would otherwise be too thin to ignite. In this project we assessed the impacts on ambient air quality in the vicinity of the location following ISB tests on crude oil herded and ignited from the air in a large purpose built test pond outside of Fairbanks Alaska. We measured downwind and in-the-smoke-plume, concentrations of respirable particulate matter sizes (PM2.5) and seven different combustion gases (CO, CO2, NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, & VOCs) during five ISB tests, with sampling instruments placed 6–12 m away from the source area. It was also investigated if the herding agent was detectable in the air borne plume. Although in this study we did not use instrument and methods specifically approved by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), to provide a context the study results were compared with exposure limits provided by these agencies. From our results downwind, in the smoke plume, concentrations of particulate matter and SO2 were found to significantly exceed (P <0.01) NIOSH and OSHA exposure limits, while the remaining compounds measured were significantly below (P <0.01) established NIOSH and OSHA exposure limits. In addition, GC/MS Analysis of aerosol samples collected utilizing a flow meter and carbon sorbent tubes in the smoke plume, the silicone based functional group of the applied OP-40 herding agent was not detected in the collected samples. The concentrations measured in this study in the vicinity of the ISB site, lasted for less than ten minutes, before drifting downwind and becoming greatly diluted. These results provide information which might be helpful towards developing guidelines for worker safety in spill response situations.
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Owens, Douglas T. "Sound Pressure Levels Experienced by the High School Band Director." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2004.3019.
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Portable noise dosimeters were used to determine the levels of noise exposure experienced by high school band directors. In addition, sound reverberation times were measured to determine the appropriateness of existing acoustic conditions for the band rehearsal environment. A total of 63 sound pressure measurements were taken during the rehearsals of 10 high school bands located in cities along the Front Range of Colorado. Single sample t-tests and effect size calculations were employed to compare the sound pressure levels of all band rehearsals with the industrial noise standards of the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA), the American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effect of room environmental factors on the sound pressure levels. While conducting high school ensembles, 60% of participating band directors experienced sound pressure levels at or exceeding 90 dBA. These levels and the mean noise doses and 8-hour projected noise doses observed were within the OSHA standards for industrial noise exposure, but exceeded the industrial noise exposure standards set by ACGIH and NIOSH. Multiple regression analysis performed on the room volume (cubic feet), the level of acoustic treatment, and the mean reverberation time were found to predict 77.8% of the variance in sound pressure levels in this study.
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Miller, Vanessa L., Michael Stewart, and Mark Lehman. "Noise Exposure Levels for Student Musicians." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2007.4034.
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Twenty-seven student musicians were surveyed regarding musical practice and playing habits, knowledge of hearing conservation practices, use of hearing protective devices (HPD), and the occurrence of tinnitus after exposure to loud music. In addition, noise exposure levels during practice and sporting events (football and basketball games) at which they played were monitored with a dosimeter simultaneously set to measure noise levels using the OSHA (1983) and NIOSH (1998) measurement criteria. Forty-eight percent of the subjects reported practicing or playing their instrument <10 hours a week. Most musicians (74%) reported having been taught about the effects of noise on hearing and health; however, less than a third used ear protection while playing their instruments, and those who did used it inconsistently. Sixty-three percent of subjects reported experiencing tinnitus after exposure to loud music. Finally, 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) and daily noise doses were significantly higher using the NIOSH measurement criteria than the OSHA measurement criteria. Both measurement criteria yielded values that exceeded a 100% daily noise dose for all subjects. Overall, these results indicate that university student directors and musicians appear to be at high risk for permanent noise-induced hearing loss secondary to excessive exposure to loud music. These results support the need for on-going hearing conservation programs to educate student musicians and student directors about the dangers of excessive exposure to loud music.
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Sahri, Moch, and Merry Sunaryo. "The Analysis of c-silica Dust Content in Respirable Dust in the Ceramic Industry." Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 9, no. 2 (August 19, 2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v9i2.2020.205-213.
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Introduction: Exposure to hazards in the work environment in the ceramic industry includes silica dust and heat temperatures. The purpose of this research was to analyze the respirable dust and c-silica dust, in addition to calculate c-silica dust in respirated dust. In addition, an evaluation of the results of dust measurements was also carried out by comparing it to the threshold value. Method: This was a descriptive study by testing samples of respirable dust and c-silica dust in the work place. The research was conducted at one of the ceramic industries in East Java. Data collection was carried out on all workers in the production division of 39 peoples. The measurement method for respirable dust analysis used the gravimetric method based on NIOSH method (NMAM 0600, 1998), while the analysis of c-silica dust used XRD equipment in accordance with the NIOSH method (NMAM 7500, 2003). Results: The results of the measurement of respirable dust in 39 respondents obtained a range of values of 0.019 - 0.0563 mg/m3 with an average of 0.19 mg/m3, while for c-silica dust, the results were at the range of 0.0020 - 0.3129 mg/m3 with an average of 0.07 mg/m3. The percentage of c-silica dust content in the ceramics industry in residential dust is different by 5 - 74.3% with the average of 34.89%. Conclusion: Evaluation of the results of measurement of respirable dust found that all samples were below the threshold value, while for c-silica dust, there were 27 samples with values above the threshold. On the average, there is 34.89% level of c-silica in respirable dust in the ceramic industry.Keywords: ceramic industry, c-silica, respirable dust
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Ceballos, Diana M., Robert F. Herrick, Tania Carreón, Vy T. Nguyen, MyDzung T. Chu, John P. Sadowski, Helaine Blumenthal, and Thais C. Morata. "Expanding Reach of Occupational Health Knowledge: Contributing Subject-Matter Expertise to Wikipedia as a Class Assignment." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 58 (January 2021): 004695802110357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580211035735.
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The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and several university programs have collaborated on a large effort to expand and improve occupational safety and health content in Wikipedia using a platform developed by Wiki Education. This article describes the initiative, student contributions, and evaluations of this effort by instructors from two universities between 2016 and 2020. The Wiki Education platform allowed instructors to set timelines and track students’ progress throughout the semester while students accessed training to best expand health content in Wikipedia. Students chose topics in occupational health based on their interests and by a set of topics deemed as a priority by the “WikiProject Occupational Safety and Health.” Students’ contributions were peer-reviewed by instructors, NIOSH Wikipedians-in-Residence, and traditional Wikipedians. Students presented their projects in class at the end of the semester. Students from both schools expanded 55 articles, created 8 new articles, and translated 2 articles to Spanish, adding 1270 references; these articles were viewed over 8 million times by May 2020. Feedback received from the implementation suggested that students learned about science communication and digital literacy—providing valuable content on occupational health while reducing misinformation in the public domain. The process of identifying and addressing gaps in occupational health in Wikipedia requires participation and engagement toward improving access to information that otherwise would be restricted to the scientific literature, often behind a paywall. The Wikipedia assignment proved to be an engaging approach for instruction and information literacy. It helped students improve their science communication skills and digital literacy, tools that are likely to be critical for successful communication of science in their future careers.
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Lybrand, Evan, Mary Micciche, Burton Tienken, Jaclyn Cichowicz, Marisa Fries, Mark Senk, and Megan Casey. "1426. Increased Visits to Respiratory Protection Webpages during COVID-19." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1608.
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Abstract Background COVID-19 transmission is thought to occur mainly via respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Respiratory protection devices, when properly fitted and used, can prevent this type of illness transmission. Methods The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory (NPPTL) within the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is responsible for the certification and approval of respirators for use in occupational settings. NPPTL maintains webpages with information on respiratory protection devices. We monitored the number of webpage views for several NPPTL webpages from January 1, 2020 to May 8, 2020. The number of webpage visits was then compared to significant events during the COVID-19 outbreak as well as the previous year’s webpage visits. Results The landing page for NIOSH-approved N95 respirators received the most visits. This page received a total of 1,637,250 webpage visits with a peak of 63,715 on February 26, 2020, a 38,989% increase from the average daily page visits for that same month in 2019. This occurred on the same day as the White House gave its first televised briefing on COVID-19. The page providing general information on filtering facepiece respirators, including N95 respirators received 834,186 webpage visits with a peak of 20,520 on April 3, 2020, a 13,659% increase from the average daily webpage visits for that same month in 2019. This occurred on the same date as new CDC recommendations were provided for using cloth face masks in public places. The counterfeit respirator page maintained a steady, but small number of webpage visits, but increased from 4,261 on March 27, 2020 to 68,145 on March 29, 2020. This occurred as the first reports of fraudulent respirators were being published in the media. It then fell to 18,562 on March 30, 2020 and 13,093 on March 31, 2020. While most webpage visits were from the United States, visits from China, and Canada were higher than previous years. Conclusion During COVID-19 there was a large increase in the number of webpage visits for respiratory protection information which coincided with major events and media reports. Accurate, accessible respiratory protection information is an important resource during public health emergencies. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Leshem, Bar. "From Grief to Superbia: the Myth of Niobe in Greek and Roman Funerary Art." Acta Classica Universitatis Scientiarum Debreceniensis 56 (September 1, 2020): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22315/acd/2020/18.
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The Greek myth of Niobe was known in the ancient world both by literary sources and visual representations. Both in Ancient Greece and in Ancient Rome, the myth was represented, alongside a variety forms of art, in funerary art, but in a different manner during each period of time. In Ancient Greece, the myth was represented on Apulian and South Italian vases, portraying the finale scene of the myth: Niobe’s petrification. In Ancient Rome, a shift is visible: the portrayal of the scene of the killing of Niobe’s children on sarcophagi reliefs. The aim of this paper is to follow the iconography of each culture and to understand the reason for the shift in representation, while comparing the two main media forms.
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Fox, Robert R., Rammohan V. Maikala, Enrico Occhipinti, Daniela Colombini, Enrique Alvarez-Casado, and Sean Gallagher. "Panel Discussion In Honor of Dr Tom Waters The NIOSH Lifting Equation - Part II." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 963–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601222.
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With the introduction of the NIOSH Lifting Equation, specifically after the publication of the Revised Lifting Equation (RLE) (Waters et al., 1993), occupational health and safety professionals across the world have successfully utilized the RLE to evaluate the risks associated with lifting and lowering tasks in the workplace. Although the RLE takes into consideration of various job task variables to determine recommended weight limits for a variety of task combinations, a number of articles and peer reviewed publications have appeared with a notion of either extending or modifying the RLE to address manual handling situations that the original equation was not able to assess comprehensively. The purpose of this panel discussion will be to provide an overview to ergonomics practitioners and researchers of these extensions and beyond, thus exploiting the full potential of this lifting equation. The first presentation will discuss the Variable Lift Index (VLI) for highly variable manual lifting tasks, whereas the second presentation describes the Sequential Lift Index (SLI) in assessing a sequence of lifting tasks that workers perform while they rotate to different tasks over a workday. In addition to the inherent variability in lifting tasks assumed by the RLE, we often encounter materials handling scenarios associated with one-handed lifting, team lifting, lifting of people (e.g., patient handling), lifting while seated or kneeling, lifting on improper frictional surfaces, lifting unstable loads, or lifting for more than 8 hours. To this effect, the third presentation examines the wider application of the RLE by adding new multipliers to the equation. Extending further on quantifying typical lifting task-related variables and associated risk on the lower back, the final presentation explores the fatigue failure process experienced by the lumbar spine when performing multiple and varied lifting tasks. This innovative approach is nascent in ergonomics literature, especially in ergonomics risk assessment, and has great potential in injury prevention at the workplace.
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Karanasiou, A., M. C. Minguillón, M. Viana, A. Alastuey, J. P. Putaud, W. Maenhaut, P. Panteliadis, G. Močnik, O. Favez, and T. A. J. Kuhlbusch. "Thermal-optical analysis for the measurement of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in ambient air a literature review." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 9 (September 16, 2015): 9649–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-9649-2015.
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Abstract. Thermal-optical analysis is currently under consideration by the European standardization body (CEN) as the reference method to quantitatively determine organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in ambient air. This paper presents an overview of the critical parameters related to the thermal-optical analysis including thermal protocols, critical factors and interferences of the methods examined, method inter-comparisons, inter-laboratory exercises, biases and artifacts, and reference materials. The most commonly used thermal protocols include NIOSH-like, IMPROVE_A and EUSAAR_2 protocols either with light transmittance or reflectance correction for charring. All thermal evolution protocols are comparable for total carbon (TC) concentrations but the results vary significantly concerning OC and especially EC concentrations. Thermal protocols with a rather low peak temperature in the inert mode like IMPROVE_A and EUSAAR_2 tend to classify more carbon as EC compared to NIOSH-like protocols, while charring correction based on transmittance usually leads to smaller EC values compared to reflectance. The difference between reflectance and transmittance correction tends to be larger than the difference between different thermal protocols. Nevertheless, thermal protocols seem to correlate better when reflectance is used as charring correction method. The difference between EC values as determined by the different protocols is not only dependent on the optical pyrolysis correction method, but also on the chemical properties of the samples due to different contributions from various sources. The overall conclusion from this literature review is that it is not possible to identify the "best" thermal-optical protocol based on literature data only, although differences attributed to the methods have been quantified when possible.
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Hinds, May. "Guest Editors: May Hinds and Ernest BogerAssisted by Editor: Richard TeareAchieving service excellence in Barbados – the service leadership factor." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 18, no. 7 (December 1, 2006): 563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110610702995.
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PurposeBarbados has been driven by agricultural pursuits for most of its existence and successive decision makers have failed to create a tradition or culture with a focus on service. In a move to change this focus in support of a service culture, the National Initiative for Service Excellence (NISE) was launched on November 30, 2004. A highlight of the event was the tripartite commitment made by the leaders of the social partnership (government, labour and the private sector). The purpose of this article is to examine the topic of service leadership – and the role the three leaders must play in achieving service excellence.Design/methodology/approachThis article is as a result of observations and experiences while the author served as Lead Champion for NISE. It is also informed by research on the subject. “Achieving service excellence – customer service strategies for the hospitality/tourism industry in Barbados”.FindingsBarbadians must determine the factors for a foundation that the country needs if it is to have a service excellence culture. The foundation for Barbados might be found in the people of Barbados and in the church which is an influential institution in Barbados.Originality/valueBehavioural change must start with three leaders of the social partnership. This message is valuable to these service leaders in the journey towards achieving service excellence in Barbados.
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Flynn, Michael A., Sheli DeLaney, and Clair Willeford. "Tailoring Computer-Based Training for Latino Immigrant Workers: Pilot Test of the NIOSH Mouse Tutorial." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 28, no. 1 (October 26, 2017): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291117734381.
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An interactive tutorial on using a mouse for first-time computer users was developed as part of a training CD-ROM tailored for Latino immigrant workers in trenching and excavation. It was designed for Spanish-speaking users with varying levels of formal education. The tutorial was tested in focus groups with workers who had little or no previous experience using a computer. Findings revealed that while users with less than a fourth-grade education and/or low proficiency in Spanish had some difficulties with the tutorial, they still scored above 67 percent on the performance evaluation; participants with at least a fourth-grade education (the majority) completed it with minimal assistance and scored 80%–100% on the performance evaluation. Feedback from participant focus groups following the computer sessions supported these findings. The results of this study suggest that computer-based training may be able to be made accessible for low computer literacy Latino immigrant workers, if it is tailored to their needs.
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McNichols, John M., Eric J. Balster, William F. Turri, and Kerry L. Hill. "Design and Implementation of an Embedded NIOS II System for JPEG2000 Tier II Encoding." International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/140234.
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This paper presents a novel implementation of the JPEG2000 standard as a system on a chip (SoC). While most of the research in this field centers on acceleration of the EBCOT Tier I encoder, this work focuses on an embedded solution for EBCOT Tier II. Specifically, this paper proposes using an embedded softcore processor to perform Tier II processing as the back end of an encoding pipeline. The Altera NIOS II processor is chosen for the implementation and is coupled with existing embedded processing modules to realize a fully embedded JPEG2000 encoder. The design is synthesized on a Stratix IV FPGA and is shown to out perform other comparable SoC implementations by 39% in computation time.
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Mahone, David B. "Case Study: An Application of the Revised NIOSH Lift Guide to a Multiple Task Job." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 10 (October 1993): 774–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303701027.
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The newly revised NIOSH lifting guide offers a multiple task strategy for frequency weighting multiple lifting tasks performed in a series; in close proximity of time. This strategy allows calculation of a composite lifting index (CLI) during assessment of jobs for which lifting variables are changing throughout the task. While the approach is useful, the number of calculations and table look-up procedures required is much larger than a single task strategy requires, and the process becomes tedious and error prone if performed manually. Consequently, a computer program was developed by Continental Insurance Corporate Loss Control in FORTRAN to automate table look-ups and required calculations. A case-study applying the multi-task approach to an actual job is shown. The job involves manual lifting/lowering of boxes from a queuing turntable to a pallet stack. The results indicate that the job is unacceptably hazardous, which agrees with subjective responses of workers. Possible worksite retrofit changes are also evaluated in a “what-if” manner. These results show that changes would improve the risk level, but proposed improvements were not sufficient to attain an acceptable risk level. Mechanization of the job is therefore suggested. Details regarding the multi-task application are discussed.
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Nourmohammadi, Mohammad, Ayda Fallah Asadi, Alireza Mosavi Jarrahi, and Saeed Yari. "Risk of Mortality Caused by Silicosis and Lung Cancer: a Study on Ceramic Tile Factory Workers." Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer 1, no. 1 (November 26, 2018): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjec.2018.1.1.55-58.
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Exposure to silica dust may be considered as an important hazard in the tile industry. The aim of this research was to determine workers’ exposure to crystalline silica dust and assess the relative risk of silicosis and the excess lifetime risk of mortality from lung cancer in tile industry. The visible spectroscopy, based on the NIOSH method 7601, was employed to the do sampling and analysis. For estimate the rate of silicosis relate mortality and the excess lifetime risk of mortality from lung cancer the Mannetje and rice model used. The highest average of the exposure rate to silica were in Stone crusher (0/43 mg/m3) section and press section while the lowest average of the exposure rate to free silica was in packaging section (0/12 mg/m3). 95 percent of the study samples scored above the occupational exposure limit0.05 mg/m3NIOSH standard.
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Chung, Min K., Dohyung Kee, and Sang H. Kim. "Comparison of the Prediction Models for the L5/S1 Compressive Forces under Varying Asymmetric Lifting Conditions." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 10 (October 1995): 704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901035.
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In this study, comparisons were made among three representative methods for predicting compressive forces on the lumbosacral disc: LP-based model, double LP-based model and EMG-assisted model. Two subjects simulated lifting tasks that were frequently performed in the refractories industry in Korea, in which vertical distance, frontal plane horizontal distance, and weight of load were varied. To calculate the L5/S1 compressive forces, EMG signals from six trunk muscles were measured and postural data were recorded using the Motion Analysis System. The EMG-assisted model was shown to reflect well all three factors considered here. On the other hand, the compressive forces of the two LP-based models were significantly affected only by weight of load. Furthermore, relatively low correlation was observed between the compressive force of the EMG-assisted model and the 1991 NIOSH lifting index(LI), while highly positive correlation was observed between that of the two LP-based models and LI.
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Huda, Afton Ilman, and Tjipto Suwandi. "HUBUNGAN BEBAN KERJA DAN KONSUMSI AIR MINUM DENGAN DEHIDRASI PADA PEKERJA PABRIK TAHU." Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 7, no. 3 (January 15, 2019): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v7i3.2018.310-320.
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Dehidration can significantly impact the workers of Tahu UD Sumber Kencana Factory due to workplace climate of warm environments. In addition, high metabolism also occurs because of job duties. Workers who inadequate hydrated while working lead to dehydration. This study aims to reveal the relationship of hydration status between workload and water intake. By applying observational research with cross sectional approach, this study obtained 14 workers in tahu (tofu) and cincau production. Workload data was collected by using 10 pulse measurement method by Kilbon (1992), while water intake measurement was conducted with observation sheet of NIOSH (2011). The urine colors chart by Armstrong (1994) and Armstong (1998) was used to indicate the hydration status of workers. The results showed that workload measurement included in mild and moderate category, whereas water intake measurement was mostly indicated workers in low category. Assessing the worker’s hydration status signified varied findings that were included mild, moderate, and severe category. The statistic analysis of Spearman’s rank correlation showed that the workload had low relation to dehydration (r = 0.094) and had high relation between water intake and hydration (r = 0.882). According to results, it can be concluded that dehydration is more likely to occur to workers with low water intake while working.Keywords: dehydration, water intake, workload
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Kim, Eunsik, Andris Freivalds, Fumiomi Takeda, and Changying Li. "Ergonomic Evaluation of Current Advancements in Blueberry Harvesting." Agronomy 8, no. 11 (November 17, 2018): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8110266.
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Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) accounted for 32% of days-away-from-work cases in private industry in 2016. Several factors have been associated with MSDs, such as repetitive motion, excessive force, awkward and/or sustained postures, and prolonged sitting and standing, all of which are required in farm workers’ labor. While numerous epidemiological studies on the prevention of MSDs in agriculture have been conducted, an ergonomics evaluation of blueberry harvesting has not yet been systematically performed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of MSDs for several types of blueberry harvesting (hand harvesting, semi-mechanical harvesting with hand-held shakers, and over-the-row machines) in terms of workers’ postural loads and self-reported discomfort using ergonomics intervention techniques. Five field studies in the western region of the United States between 2017 and 2018 were conducted using the Borg CR10 scale, electromyography (EMG), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), the Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD) index, and the NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) lifting equation. In evaluating the workloads of picking and moving blueberries by hand, semi-mechanical harvesting with hand-held shakers, and completely mechanized harvesting, only EMG and the NIOSH lifting equation were used, as labor for this system is limited to loading empty lugs and unloading full lugs. Based on the results, we conclude that working on the fully mechanized harvester would be the best approach to minimizing worker loading and fatigue. This is because the total component ratio of postures in hand harvesting with a RULA score equal to or greater than 5 was 69%, indicating that more than half of the postures were high risk for shoulder pain. For the semi-mechanical harvesting, the biggest problem with the shakers is the vibration, which can cause fatigue and various risks to workers, especially in the upper limbs. However, it would be challenging for small- and medium-sized blueberry farms to purchase automated harvesters due to their high cost. Thus, collaborative efforts among health and safety professionals, engineers, social scientists, and ergonomists are needed to provide effective ergonomic interventions.
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Garner, James M., Gary J. Keever, D. Joseph Eakes, and J. Raymond Kessler. "Benzyladenine-induced Offset Formation in Hosta Dependent on Cultivar." HortScience 32, no. 1 (February 1997): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.1.91.
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A foliar spray of 0, 1250, 2500, or 3750 mg benzyladenine (BA)/L was applied to 10 Hosta Tratt. (Funkia K. Spreng; Niobe Salisb.) cultivars. Response to BA treatment was cultivar dependent, with BA promoting offset formation in half of the cultivars. Compared to the control, increase in offsets produced by cultivars treated with 3750 mg BA/L ranged from 116% in `Francee' to 3500% in `Francis Williams' at 30 days after treatment (DAT) and from 150% in `Royal Standard' to 2250% in `Francis Williams' at 60 DAT. Offset stage of development, as indicated by the number of unfurled leaves, was also cultivar- and BA-dependent. All cultivars treated with 3750 mg BA/L had an average of three or more unfurled leaves at 60 DAT, while among control plants, 40% of cultivars averaged fewer than three unfurled leaves. No phytotoxic symptoms were noted in any cultivar, and plant size was either increased or not affected by BA treatment. Chemical name used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (benzyladenine; BA).
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Dziurzyńska, Magdalena. "“Hope as the Engine for Imagining Utopia”: A Dream of a World Beyond Gender." Studia Litteraria 16, no. 2 (2021): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843933st.21.008.13652.
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By analyzing the depiction of androgyny in Marge Piercy’s science fiction novels in the context of gender performativity and constructionism, this article demonstrates that androgyny may be used as a tool for deconstructing gender roles. Arguably, Piercy proposes a new, non-essentialist vision of humankind through the creation of androgynous or agender human and cybernetic bodies. Moreover, the article substantiates how the images of utopian worlds, which present futuristic hope, are connected with the postgender idea of gender transcendence, while the dystopian ones seem to be strongly related to gender essentialism. „Utopia jako nadzieja”: w stronę świata poza granicami płci Poprzez analizę przedstawienia androginii w powieściach science fiction autorstwa Marge Piercy w kontekście performatywności płci i konstrukcjonizmu niniejszy artykuł pokazuje, że androginia może być wykorzystywana jako narzędzie dekonstrukcji ról płciowych. Piercy proponuje nową, nie esencjonalistyczną wizję ludzkości poprzez tworzenie androgynicznych lub agenderowych ludzkich i cybernetycznych ciał. Ponadto artykuł ukazuje, w jaki sposób obrazy utopijnych światów, które niosą z sobą futurystyczną nadzieję, wiążą się z postgenderową ideą transcendencji płci, podczas gdy dystopijne światy wydają się silnie powiązane z esencjalizmem płciowym.
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Hendricks, Kitty J., Larry A. Layne, and E. Michael Goldcamp. "National Estimates of Youth and Injuries on U.S. Farms, 2012." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 24, no. 4 (2018): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.13014.
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Abstract. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), in order to provide injury surveillance for youth on farms in the U.S., partnered with the USDA to conduct the Childhood Agricultural Injury Survey (CAIS). CAIS data for all farm youth less than 20 years of age have been collected intermittently since 1998. CAIS data from 2012 indicated that an estimated 25.9 million youth lived on, worked on, or visited U.S. farms. These youth experienced almost 14,000 injuries while on the farm. The majority of these injuries occurred to males (7,290) and youth between the ages of 10 and 15 years (5,766). Approximately 20% (2,739) of the injuries were related to work being done on the farm. Youth living on the farm incurred 56% (7,784) of the injuries. An additional 5,771 injuries occurred to hired and visiting youth. Although youth injuries on farms have declined, the numbers are still unacceptably high. Additional research and detailed assessments of subsets of the youth population would help to better direct safety intervention programs and focus future research activities. Keywords: Agriculture, Injury, Youth.
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Myers, Melvin L. "Editorial: The Cab Crush Hazard." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 24, no. 4 (2018): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.13082.
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Abstract. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), in order to provide injury surveillance for youth on farms in the U.S., partnered with the USDA to conduct the Childhood Agricultural Injury Survey (CAIS). CAIS data for all farm youth less than 20 years of age have been collected intermittently since 1998. CAIS data from 2012 indicated that an estimated 25.9 million youth lived on, worked on, or visited U.S. farms. These youth experienced almost 14,000 injuries while on the farm. The majority of these injuries occurred to males (7,290) and youth between the ages of 10 and 15 years (5,766). Approximately 20% (2,739) of the injuries were related to work being done on the farm. Youth living on the farm incurred 56% (7,784) of the injuries. An additional 5,771 injuries occurred to hired and visiting youth. Although youth injuries on farms have declined, the numbers are still unacceptably high. Additional research and detailed assessments of subsets of the youth population would help to better direct safety intervention programs and focus future research activities. Keywords: Agriculture, Injury, Youth.
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Yusuf, M., Nyoman Adiputra, I. Dewa Putu Sutjana, and Ketut Tirtayasa. "The Improvement of Work Posture Using RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) Analysis to Decrease Subjective Disorders of Strawberry Farmers in Bali." International Research Journal of Engineering, IT & Scientific Research 2, no. 9 (September 3, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjeis.v2i9.163.
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Workload was predicted based on work pulse that was measured using 10 beats method on radial artery with stopwatch. The indication of subjective disorders was measured based on the farmers’ general fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders before and after work. General fatigue was measured using 30 Items Self Rating Questionnaire Industrial Fatigue Research Committee from Japan Association of Industrial Health, while musculoskeletal disorders were measured using NIOSH Nordic Body Map Subjective Filling. Environment temperature was measured using sling Psychrometer. Noise was measured using Gossen’s sound level meter. Statistical analysis to find out the mean difference of the data before and after work was analyzed using t-Paired test with significance level of 5%. RULA result recommended changing from bending work posture using the old tool into standing work posture using new hole maker. The old work posture (P0) showed RULA grand score of 7 with high risk level, while the new work posture (P1) showed RULA grand score of 3 with low risk level. There was significant difference on subjective disorders of the farmers (p<0.05) on P0 and P1 on general fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders. The fatigue score of P0 was 51.27 while P1 was 40.82 which meant there was reduction of 20.4%. While the musculoskeletal disorders score of P0 was 70.75 and P1 was 50.58 which meant there was reduction of 28.5%. It can be concluded that the improvement of work posture using RULA analysis decreases work risk level and subjective disorders of strawberry farmers in Bali.
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Garcia-Gonzalez, Hector, Maida Domat, Teresa Lopez-Pola, Pilar Fernandez-Rubio, and Pablo Fernandez-Rodriguez. "Particulate Matter Characterization in a Hospital’s Underground Car Park." Powders 1, no. 4 (September 30, 2022): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/powders1040013.
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The air quality in a hospital’s underground car park is a concern because diesel fumes from cars impact upon vulnerable people attending medical consultations. This research aims to quantify the potential health risk associated with a particular hospital car park. Particulate matter was evaluated in the area with direct reading devices for particle numbers and mass concentrations (CPC 3007, EEPS 3090, Trolex Air XD, Nanozen, and Grimm 1109). Elemental and total carbon concentrations were measured following the NIOSH 5040 method, while volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured through laboratory analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive using X-Ray Analysis SEM-EDX microscopy. The nanoparticle levels reached over 80,000 nanoparticles/cm3 (double the German Institut für Arbeitsschutz (IFA) benchmark levels). Diesel particulate matter levels measured as elemental carbon were around 35% of the occupational limit, and from the 49 VOCs analyzed only 13 were detected in quantities below the 0.1% of the occupational limit, while levels of the 13 PAHs analyzed, were below the laboratory limit of quantification. The study concludes that particulate matter in the underground car park can easily exceed nanoparticles benchmark levels and could be harmful, mainly to vulnerable people. It is therefore recommended that they use the outdoor car park or minimize their time in the underground one.
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Motriuk, R. W., and D. P. Harvey. "Centrifugal Compressor Modifications and Their Effect on High-Frequency Pipe Wall Vibration." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 120, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842058.
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High-frequency pulsation generated by centrifugal compressors, with pressure wavelengths much smaller than the attached pipe diameter, can cause fatigue failures of the compressor internals, impair compressor performance, and damage the attached compressor piping. There are numerous sources producing pulsation in centrifugal compressors. Some of them are discussed in literature at large (Japikse, 1995; Niese, 1976). NGTL has experienced extreme high-frequency discharge pulsation and pipe wall vibration on many of its radial inlet high-flow centrifugal gas compressor facilities. These pulsations led to several piping attachment failures and compressor internal component failures while the compressor operated within the design envelope. This paper considers severe pulsation conditions at an NGTL compression facility which resulted in unacceptable piping vibration. Significant vibration attenuation was achieved by modifying the compressor (pulsation source) through removal of the diffuser vanes and partial removal of the inlet guide vanes (IGV). Direct comparison of the changes in vibration, pulsation, and performance are made for each of the modifications. The vibration problem, probable causes, options available to address the problem, and the results of implementation are reviewed. The effects of diffuser vane removal on discharge pipe wall vibration as well as changes in compressor performance are described.
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Hiller, Kenneth N., Alfonso V. Altamirano, Chunyan Cai, Stephanie F. Tran, and George W. Williams. "Evaluation of Waste Anesthetic Gas in the Postanesthesia Care Unit within the Patient Breathing Zone." Anesthesiology Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/354184.
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Potential health hazards from waste anesthetic gases (WAGs) have been a concern since the introduction of inhalational anesthetics into clinical practice. The potential to exceed recommended exposure levels (RELs) in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) exists. The aim of this pilot study was to assess sevoflurane WAG levels while accounting for factors that affect inhalational anesthetic elimination. In this pilot study, 20 adult day surgery patients were enrolled with anesthesia maintained with sevoflurane. Following extubation, exhaled WAG from the patient breathing zone was measured 8 inches from the patient’s mouth in the PACU. Maximum sevoflurane WAG levels in the patient breathing zone exceeded National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) RELs for every 5-minute time interval measured during PACU Phase I. Observed WAGs in our study were explained by inhalational anesthetic pharmacokinetics. Further analysis suggests that the rate of washout of sevoflurane was dependent on the duration of anesthetic exposure. This study demonstrated that clinically relevant inhalational anesthetic concentrations result in sevoflurane WAG levels that exceed current RELs. Evaluating peak and cumulative sevoflurane WAG levels in the breathing zone of PACU Phase I and Phase II providers is warranted to quantify the extent and duration of exposure.
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Putri, Winiesti Melani, Mirna Marhami Iskandar, and Citra Maharani. "GAMBARAN FAKTOR RISIKO PADA PEGAWAI OPERATOR KOMPUTER YANG MEMILIKI GEJALA CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME DI RSUD ABDUL MANAP TAHUN 2020." Medical Dedication (medic) : Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat FKIK UNJA 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/medicaldedication.v4i1.13497.
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ABSTRACTCarpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a work-related disease that involves the upper extremities, espsecially the wrists. The prevalence of CTS according to NIOSH (The national Institute for Occupational Safety and Healthy) is 15-20%, while in Indonesia was undiscovered. This research is describing the risk factors for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in computer operators who have CTS symptoms consist of individual risk that is age, gender, BMI, and Diabetes melitus, and risk factors as a computer operator that is awkward posture, repetitive movements, and duration of work.This research is a qualitative descriptive study that involving 13 respondents using purposive sampling technique. This study uses research data obtained by structured interviews, BMI measurement, blood sugar level measurement, phalen test, tinnel tes, and direct observation with tape recording while operators typing. The results in this research of the 13 respondents, was found that the risk factors for CTS in computer operators who had CTS symptoms were most on 31-60 years old (69,2%), female (69,2%), Normal BMI (53,,8%) negative DM (92,3%), awkward posture ≥ 30 times perminute (100%), repetitive movements >30 times perminute (100%) and work period as a computer operator ≥ 4 years (86,6%). Based on individual risk factors respondents who had CTS symptoms were mostly found in aged 31-60 years old, female, normal BMI, negative DM, while based on occupational risk factors were mostly found in respondents with work period ≥ 4 years, repetitive movements and awkward postures > 30 time perminute.
Keywords: Carpal tunnel Syndrome, Risk Factors for CTS.
ABSTRAKCarpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) merupakan salah satu penyakit akibat kerja yang melibatkan ekstremitas atas khususnya pada pergelangan tangan. Prevalensi CTS menurut NIOSH ( The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Healthy) adalah sebesar 15-20%, sedangkan di Indonesia sendiri belum diketahui. Penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan faktor risiko Carpal Tunnel Syndrome pada operator komputer yang memiliki gejala CTS berupa faktor risiko individu yaitu, Usia, Jenis Kelamin, IMT, dan Diabetes Melitus serta faktor risiko pekerjaan sebagai operator komputer yaitu, postur janggal, gerakan repetitive, durasi kerja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 13 orang dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan data penelitian yang diperoleh melalui wawancara terstruktur, pengukuran IMT, pengukuran kadar gula darah, melakukan uji phalen test dan tinel test serta observasi langsung dan merekam operator komputer saat mengetik. Hasil penelitian terhadap ke-13 responden, didapatkan bahwa faktor risiko CTS pada operator komputer yang memiliki gejala CTS paling banyak berusia 31-60 tahun (69,2%), jenis kelamin perempuan (69,2%), IMT normal (53,8%), DM negatif (92,3%), postur janggal ≥ 30 kali permenit (100%), gerakan repetitif > 30 kali permenit (100%), masa kerja sebagai operator komputer ≥ 4 tahun (86,6%). Berdasarkan faktor risiko individu, responden yang memiliki gejala CTS paling banyak ditemukan pada responden usia 31-60 tahun, berjenis kelamin perempuan, IMT normal dan Kriteria DM negatif, sedangkan berdasarkan faktor risiko pekerjaan paling banyak ditemukan pada responden dengan masa kerja ≥ 4 tahun, dengan gerakan repetitif dan postur janggal >30 kali permenit.
Kata Kunci: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Faktor Risiko CTS
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Mohd Said, Mohd Azrin. "A Study of Postural Safety and Low-Cost Electromyography (EMG) Device Towards Grocery Workers in Kota Samarahan, Sarawak." Journal of Engineering and Science Research 4, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26666/rmp.jesr.2020.4.1.
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Body posture is one of the most important parts when lifting an object as it can causes injury if the wrong technique and body posture were used. A worker will injure their low back if a bad posture is not in consideration. A good body posture is recommended among workers to reduce the chance of injury while lifting and improve their postural safety. The main objectives of this study are to observe the body posture of the worker during lifting and study the comparison of using lower back support when lifting. It also investigates the muscle activity of the worker during heavy lifting using EMG and simulates the worker's movement using CATIA Software for Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) results. The selected grocery was chosen in Kota Samarahan, Sarawak with 7 male respondents are identified to undergo this study. The results show that the worker with lower back support tends to show raw EMG signal with lower muscle activity compared to without using lower back support. Thus, using belt support can reduce muscle activity by up to 67.4% compare to not wearing back support. Raw EMG signals also show 3010 amplitude (mV) muscle activity if postural safety of the workers improved by following the NIOSH lifting Recommendations.
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Zheng, G., Y. Cheng, K. He, F. Duan, and Y. Ma. "A newly identified calculation discrepancy of the Sunset semi-continuous carbon analyzer." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 1 (January 17, 2014): 377–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-377-2014.
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Abstract. Sunset Semi-Continuous Carbon Analyzer (SCCA) is an instrument widely used for carbonaceous aerosol measurement. Despite previous validation work, here we identified a new type of SCCA calculation discrepancy caused by the default multi-point baseline correction method. When exceeding a certain threshold carbon load, multi-point correction could cause significant Total Carbon (TC) underestimation. This calculation discrepancy was characterized for both sucrose and ambient samples with three temperature protocols. For ambient samples, 22%, 36% and 12% TC was underestimated by the three protocols, respectively, with corresponding threshold being ~0, 20 and 25 μg C. For sucrose, however, such discrepancy was observed with only one of these protocols, indicating the need of more refractory SCCA calibration substance. The discrepancy was less significant for the NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)-like protocol compared with the other two protocols based on IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments). Although the calculation discrepancy could be largely reduced by the single-point baseline correction method, the instrumental blanks of single-point method were higher. Proposed correction method was to use multi-point corrected data when below the determined threshold, while use single-point results when beyond that threshold. The effectiveness of this correction method was supported by correlation with optical data.
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Uswatun Khasanah, Auditya Purwandini Sutarto, and Nailul Izzah. "Work Facilities Improvement Using Systematic Layout Planning to Reduce the Risk of Manual Handling." Journal of Novel Engineering Science and Technology 1, no. 01 (August 3, 2022): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56741/jnest.v1i01.56.
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Manual material handling (MMH) activity is considered a major ergonomic risk factor in Indonesian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) that leads to the onset or development of musculoskeletal pain, particularly in the low back. It may exaggerate the risk of injury or disorders. This study evaluates the recommended weight limit (RWL) at UD Fatikh Sport, a SMES sports shoe manufacturer. In addition, we also propose a facility layout redesign to reduce the ergonomic risks of manual material handling activities. The NIOSH lifting equation was used to determine the RWL at four departments and during MMH activities. The Lifting Index (LI) of the MMH activity exceeded the recommended value, which might raise the ergonomic risks. The risks worsened because the operator carried the load manually to several departments, which were located separately on the second floor, without any aid tools. Two designs of facility layout improvement were developed using a systematic layout planning (SLP) approach. The first design was focused on minimizing the transportation distance, while the space requirement of each department or MMH activities was emphasized in the second design. It aims to improve working conditions and reduce workers' fatigue. Further research should calculate the productivity and estimate its cost-efficiency before and after implementing the proposed layout.
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Manor, Erez, Avrech Ben-David, and Shlomo Greenberg. "CORDIC Hardware Acceleration Using DMA-Based ISA Extension." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea12010004.
Full textAbstract:
The use of RISC-based embedded processors aimed at low cost and low power is becoming an increasingly popular ecosystem for both hardware and software development. High-performance yet low-power embedded processors may be attained via the use of hardware acceleration and Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) extension. Recent publications of AI have demonstrated the use of Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) as a dedicated low-power solution for solving nonlinear equations applied to Neural Networks (NN). This paper proposes ISA extension to support floating-point CORDIC, providing efficient hardware acceleration for mathematical functions. A new DMA-based ISA extension approach integrated with a pipeline CORDIC accelerator is proposed. The CORDIC ISA extension is directly interfaced with a standard processor data path, allowing efficient implementation of new trigonometric ALU-based custom instructions. The proposed DMA-based CORDIC accelerator can also be used to perform repeated array calculations, offering a significant speedup over software implementations. The proposed accelerator is evaluated on Intel Cyclone-IV FPGA as an extension to Nios processor. Experimental results show a significant speedup of over three orders of magnitude compared with software implementation, while applied to trigonometric arrays, and outperforms the existing commercial CORDIC hardware accelerator.
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Zhang, Yongbao, Jinjing Ke, Xiang Wu, and Xiaowei Luo. "A Biomechanical Waist Comfort Model for Manual Material Lifting." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 16, 2020): 5948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165948.
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Low back pain (LBP) is a common disorder that affects the working population worldwide. LBP causes more disability than any other conditions all around the world. Most existing studies focus on the occupational physical factors in association with LBP, while few focus on individual factors, especially the lack of quantitative calculation of waist comfort in biomechanics. Based on the physical statistics of Chinese men, this research used human posture analysis (HPA) to establish the waist strength formula and analyzed the waist strength during a manual material handling. It also explored the influence of weight and height of lifting objects on the L5-S1 spinal load. On this basis, a waist comfort model was proposed in combination with the recommended weight limit (RWL) recommended by NIOSH, and the parameter selection and waist comfort value were verified by Jack simulation software. The results show that pulling force of the Erector Spinae of the waist is closely related to the weight and lifting height of the object. Parameter verification and Jack software simulation results show that the force of L5-S1 is less than 3400 N, which proves that the waist force under this posture is acceptable. The developed waist comfort model can be applied to evaluate work risk, to adjust working intensity and powered exoskeleton design, aiming to decrease the prevalence of LBP.
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Suarbawa, I. Ketut Gde Juli, Nyoman Adiputra, J. Alek Pangkahila, and I. Dewa Putu Sutjana. "Work Posture Improvement Using Ergonomic Approach Decreases Subjective Disorders of Perapen Workers on the Process of Nguwad Gamelan in Bali." International Research Journal of Engineering, IT & Scientific Research 2, no. 9 (September 3, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjeis.v2i9.164.
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The process of nguwad trompong is still considered as a heavy task for workers because it is still done using ember of the perapen (fireplace) that is exposed in open and unnatural work posture such as bending work posture. Moreover, the heat of the perapen furnace makes the work heavier for the nguwad workers which can make them tired easily and cause musculoskeletal disorders or known as subjective disorders. Thus, an experimental research was conducted using treatment by subject design toward 12 gamelan workers in Klungkung Bali. The intervention was done by improving the workstation so that the bending work posture of the prapen workers was changed into sat naturally and the bending-while-standing work posture of the smiths was changed into straighter standing work posture. Musculoskeletal disorders were measured using NIOSH Nordic Body Map Subjective Filling. The general fatigue was measured using 30 Items Self Rating Questionnaire Industrial Fatigue Research Committee from Japan Association of Industrial Health. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially on the level of significance α = 0.05. The result showed that there was a decrease of workload 4.2%, musculoskeletal disorders decreased 27.1% and fatigue, in general, decreased 33.7%. Thus it can be concluded that the improvement of work posture using ergonomic approach decreases the subjective disorders of the perapen workers on the process of nguwad.
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Iyou, Ismelda, Nur Endah Wahyuningsih, and Sulistiyani. "ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCES IN LEAD LEVELS (PB) IN BLOOD AND BONE DENSITY BEFORE AND AFTER CONSUMPTION OF GREEN COCONUT WATER AND MILK IN WORKERS AT THE "X" PAINTING BODY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i12.2018.1081.
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Background: Lead (Pb) becomes toxic to osteoblast cells and osteoclasts that affect the biology and deposition of bone mineral, thereby boosting the risk of osteoporosis. Green coconut water contains the highest tannins or antidotum (anti toxins), recommended for consumption for people exposed to heavy metals. While milk naturally contains essential nutrients to help control the regeneration of bone cells and strengthen bones.
Method: This research is a quasi experimental research using the one group pretest and posttest design. The number of research samples are 30 people who were given treatment of green coconut water and milk as much as 250 ml alternately for 10 days
Result: Before the intervention of the lead category in the blood of the respondents exceeded the threshold value of NIOSH (10 μg / dL), ie 23 people averaged 14.04 μg / dL and after intervention decreased to 7 people on average 11.88 μg / dL. The categories of osteopenia before intervention were 8 respondents averaging -0.59 and after intervention decreased ie 4 respondents average -1.90.
Conclusion: There was a difference of Pb levels in blood before and after consumption of green coconut water and milk with p value = 0,001 (p value <0,05). There was a difference of bone density before and after consumption of green coconut water and milk with p value = 0,000 (p value <0,05).
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Tongsantia, Umakorn, Sunisa Chaiklieng, Pornnapa Suggaravetsiri, Sari Andajani, and Herman Autrup. "Factors Affecting Adverse Health Effects of Gasoline Station Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 10014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910014.
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This cross-sectional study examined the risk factors affecting adverse health effects from benzene exposure among gasoline station workers in Khon Kean province, Thailand. An interview questionnaire of adverse symptoms relating to benzene toxicity was administered to 151 workers. Area samplings for benzene concentration and spot urine for tt-muconic acid (tt-MA), a biomarker of benzene exposure, were collected. The factors associated with adverse symptoms were analysed by using multiple logistic regression. It was found that these symptoms mostly affected fuelling workers (77.5%), and the detected air benzene reached an action level or higher than 50% of NIOSH REL (>50 ppb). The top five adverse symptoms, i.e., fatigue, headache, dizziness, nasal congestion, and runny nose, were reported among workers exposed to benzene. More specific symptoms of benzene toxicity were chest pain, bleeding/epistaxis, and anaemia. The detected tt-MA of workers was 506.7 ug/g Cr (IQR), which was a value above the BEI and higher than that of asymptomatic workers. Risk factors significantly associated with adverse symptoms, included having no safety training experience (ORadj = 5.22; 95% CI: 2.16–12.58) and eating during work hours (ORadj = 16.08; 95% CI: 1.96–131.74). This study urges the tightening of health and safety standards at gasoline stations to include training and eating restrictions while working in hazardous areas.
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Hermawan, Surya, and Gunawan Budi Wijaya. "The New Design Criteria For Steel Construction Concerning Occupational Health And Safety." Buletin Profesi Insinyur 2, no. 2 (November 17, 2019): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/bpi.v2i2.41.
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In Indonesia, the number of construction project increased, while the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is one of the main purposes of the construction project. However, the OHS is often neglected which is indicated by the high number of the work accident occurrences. To reduce the work risk, a safe design since the pre-construction stage which is often called prevention through design should be considered. In this research, the method was carried out by a literature study to collect theory and data from some sources, including journal, thesis and website which initiated by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Then, the research continued to field observation for collecting the references to help formulate the new design criteria. The outcome of this research demonstrates that the prevention step for the work accident should be done earlier in the project, which is in the design phase. By doing prevention, such as using the new design criteria with the OHS consideration or the prevention through design, could reduce the work accident risk that could occur in steel construction project. The new design criteria discussing 5 elements in steel structure including column, beam, rafter, endplate connection and angle plate connection by applying the elements of the OHS in advance.Keywords: new design criteria, steel construction, occupational health and safety
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Lavender, S. A., D. M. Oleske, L. Nicholson, G. B. J. Andersson, and J. Hahn. "A Comparison of Four Methods Commonly Used to Determine Low-Back Disorder Risk in a Manufacturing Environment." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, no. 1 (October 1997): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181397041001144.
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Manual material lifting is a major risk factor for work-related low back disorders (LBD's). Several methods for quantifying the specific aspects of lifting which are believed to contribute to LBD's have been developed and are beginning to be used in industry for job evaluation and re-design. The optimal method for determining the risk of occupational LBD on a population basis has not been determined. This study compared four evaluation methods used to assess occupational LBD risk in manual material handling tasks. The job evaluation methods examined were: the 1993 NIOSH model, the UAW-GM Ergonomic Risk Factor Checklist, the Static Strength Prediction Model, and the Lumbar Motion Monitor (LMM) model. The four methods were selected because they represent either common practice within the automotive industry, the result of governmental efforts to protect the work force, or models thought to be the most scientifically advanced. The analysis presented here was based on a random sample of production jobs in an automotive metal fabricating plant. The study population was comprised of automotive workers who perform materials handling operations. The sixty two jobs were all performed by three or more full time employees. Inter-correlations between measures were computed. In general, the inter-correlations while statistically significant (p<.05) were low (r < .42). This indicates that the different measures are most likely assessing different aspects of the work process.
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Haas, Emily J., and Emanuele Cauda. "Using Core Elements of Health and Safety Management Systems to Support Worker Well-Being during Technology Integration." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 25, 2022): 13849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113849.
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Research studying the intersection of occupational safety and health (OSH) and direct reading and sensor technologies (DRST) is sparse, with a specific lack of research available that has empirically considered ways that DRST may impact worker well-being. In this paper, the authors examine how organizations could utilize core elements of their health and safety management system (HSMS) to coordinate and execute DRST in the workplace to support worker well-being. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) researchers developed a 39-item questionnaire targeting OSH professionals to understand attitudes toward DRST and the current and intended uses of DRST at their place of employment. Eighty-eight OSH professionals completed the questionnaire between August and December 2021. Descriptive results of the study sample are provided but the focus of the study applies the open-ended responses to two questions, which was deductively analyzed. Descriptive results show that reliability and validity of data was a top concern while the open-ended qualitative feedback revealed three primary themes: (1) acceptability and trust in technology; (2) ease of use; and (3) support and guidelines. Results provide an opening to use core HSMS elements (i.e., management commitment and leadership, communication and coordination, and employee involvement) during DRST integration to demonstrate support for workers during times of ambiguity and change.