Academic literature on the topic 'White Niose'
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Journal articles on the topic "White Niose"
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Fatnan, Muna H., Zahir M. Hussain, and Hind R. Mohammed. "A Modified JadeR for Signal Separation under Gaussian Noise." Journal of Kufa for Mathematics and Computer 5, no. 3 (January 14, 2019): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31642/jokmc/2018/05030.
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A Modified version of Joint Approximation Diagonalization Estimation of Real Signals algorithm (JADER) is proposed to enhance efficiency and speed of Blind Signal Separation (BSS). MJADER based on the mixture's dimensions minimization step, where the cumulant matrices have been estimated using a reduced-dimension observed mixture. The approach (M-JADER) is based on a threshold step, it is easy to implement, computationally efficient and faster than standard JADER about 50% where it has less running time. The comparison done under tow types of niose(semi-white Gaussian noise and Uniform noise)
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Batt, Murray D., Charles E. Edmiston, and John Heggers. "SHEA Meets With OSHA and NIOSH at White House." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 17, no. 5 (May 1996): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700004161.
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Raymond, Delbert M., Oisaeng Hong, Sally L. Lusk, and David L. Ronis. "Predictors of Hearing Protection Use for Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Factory Workers." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 20, no. 2 (June 2006): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/rtnp.20.2.127.
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The 2000 United States Census reported significant growth in the number of Hispanic workers. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, 1996) has identified noise-induced hearing loss as a significant occupational threat. Current theoretical models need to be evaluated for their utility with Hispanic workers. The Predictors for Use of Hearing Protection Model (PUHPM) is a framework for increasing workers’ use of hearing protection devices (HPDs). Using regression analysis, the explained variance in HPD use by the model predictors was examined in a sample of 208 Hispanic factory workers. Explained variance was lower for Hispanics (R2 = .20) than for non-Hispanic Whites (R2 = .37). Further research with Hispanic workers is needed to improve the PUHPM fit.
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Unoki, Kohei, Akira Yoshiasa, Ginga Kitahara, Tadao Nishiayama, Makoto Tokuda, Kazumasa Sugiyama, and Akihiko Nakatsuka. "Crystal structure refinements of stoichiometric Ni3Se2 and NiSe." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 77, no. 4 (March 9, 2021): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229621002187.
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Single crystals of Ni3Se2 (trinickel diselenide) and NiSe (nickel selenide) with stoichiometric chemical compositions were grown in evacuated silica-glass tubes. The chemical compositions of the single crystals of Ni3Se2 and NiSe were determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The crystal structures of Ni3Se2 [rhombohedral, space group R32, a = 6.02813 (13), c = 7.24883 (16) Å, Z = 3] and NiSe [hexagonal, space group P63/mmc, a = 3.66147 (10), c = 5.35766 (16) Å, Z = 2] were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and refined to yield R values of 0.020 and 0.018 for 117 and 85 unique reflections, respectively, with F o > 4σ(F o). R32 is a Sohncke type of space group where enantiomeric structures can exist; the single-domain structure obtained by the refinement was confirmed to be correct by a Flack parameter of −0.05 (2). The existence of Ni—Ni bonds was confirmed in both compounds, in addition to the Ni—Se bonds. The value of the atomic displacement parameter (mean-square displacement) of each atom in NiSe was larger than that in Ni3Se2. The larger amplitude of the atoms in NiSe corresponds to longer Ni—Se and Ni—Ni bond lengths in NiSe than in Ni3Se2. The Debye temperatures, θD, estimated from observed mean-square displacements for Ni and Se in Ni3Se2, were 322 and 298 K, respectively, while those for Ni and Se in NiSe were 246 and 241 K, respectively. The existence of large cavities in the structure and the weak bonding force are likely responsible for the brittle and soft nature of the NiSe crystal.
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Neu-Baker, Nicole M., Adrienne Eastlake, and Laura Hodson. "Results of the 2019 Survey of Engineered Nanomaterial Occupational Health and Safety Practices." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 7676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137676.
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In collaboration with RTI International, the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) administered a survey to North American companies working with nanomaterials to assess health and safety practices. The results would contribute to understanding the impact of the efforts made by the NIOSH Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC) in communicating occupational health and safety (OHS) considerations for workers when handling these materials. The survey, developed by RAND Corporation, was conducted online from September 2019–December 2019. Forty-five companies or organizations in the U.S. and Canada that fabricate, manufacture, handle, dispose, or otherwise use nanomaterials completed the survey. The survey was designed to answer research questions regarding the nanomaterials in use, which resources the companies have consulted for OHS guidance, and the overall OHS culture at the companies. Other questions specifically addressed whether the companies interacted with NIOSH or NIOSH resources to inform OHS policies and practices. Among participating companies, 57.8% had a maximum of 50 employees. Gold nanoparticles and polymers were most common (n = 20; 45.5% each), followed by graphene (36.4%), carbon nanotubes and nanofibers (34.1%), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (31.8%). Environmental monitoring was performed by 31.8% of the companies. While 88.9% of the companies had laminar flow cabinets, only 67.5% required it to be used with ENMs. Information and training programs were indicated by 90% of the sample, and only 29.6% performed specific health surveillance for ENM workers. Personal protective equipment primarily included gloves (100%) and eye/face protection (97.7%). More than a third (37.8%) of the respondents reported using at least one NIOSH resource to acquire information about safe handling of ENMs. The small number of companies that responded to and completed the survey is a considerable limitation to this study. However, the survey data are valuable for gauging the reach and influence of the NIOSH NTRC on nano OHS and for informing future outreach, particularly to small businesses.
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Karwowski, Waldemar, and Nina Brokaw. "Implications of the Proposed Revisions in a Draft of the Revised NIOSH Lifting Guide (1991) for Job Redesign: A Field Study." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 10 (October 1992): 659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129203601004.
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The main objective of this research project was to compare the recommended load limits for lifting tasks derived based on the NIOSH (1981) Lifting Guide and the proposed NIOSH Draft Revisions of (1991). The study involved the following steps: 1) Identification of a total of 15 manual lifting tasks from 8 different jobs performed at the industrial site, with different tasks characteristics in order to cover most of the possible lifting conditions considered under the Draft Revisions to the NIOSH Guide (1991), 2) Description of the lifting tasks variables for the identified jobs, 3) Calculation of the RWL values for the identified jobs per 1991 Lifting Guide, as well as the AL and MPL values according the 1981 Lifting Guide, 4) Comparison of the actual loads lifted (L) with the values of RWL, AL and MPL, and calculation. The results showed that the Draft Guide of 1991 was much more restrictive with respect to defining the lifting acceptable jobs. Under this Guide, 10 out of 15 tasks analyzed in this study (66.7%) were found unacceptable, and required redesigning. For comparison, under the NIOSH (1981) Guide, as many as 8 of 15 (53.3%) of the tasks were found fully acceptable (below the action limit or AL level), while 6 tasks (40%) required application of administrative controls, and only 1 of the 15 tasks analyzed (6.7%) was found unacceptable.
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Tang, Li Li, Shao Jun Yao, Wei Huang, and Jing Wang. "Embedded Processors Nios II-Based LCD Display System Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2199.
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Altera's Nios soft core embedded processor, with its low cost, flexible design, etc., has been widely used in embedded applications, while LCD is also increasingly used in a variety of instrumentation and control system as a man-machine interface and display modules. This paper presents a LCD screen of the software and hardware design based on a soft-core Nios embedded processor, introducing hardware interface circuit and software development processes which control the LCD screen, and the corresponding procedures.
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Wu, Cheng, X. H. Hilda Huang, Wai Man Ng, Stephen M. Griffith, and Jian Zhen Yu. "Inter-comparison of NIOSH and IMPROVE protocols for OC and EC determination: implications for inter-protocol data conversion." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 9 (September 14, 2016): 4547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4547-2016.
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Abstract. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) are operationally defined by analytical methods. As a result, OC and EC measurements are protocol dependent, leading to uncertainties in their quantification. In this study, more than 1300 Hong Kong samples were analyzed using both National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) thermal optical transmittance (TOT) and Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environment (IMPROVE) thermal optical reflectance (TOR) protocols to explore the cause of EC disagreement between the two protocols. EC discrepancy mainly (83 %) arises from a difference in peak inert mode temperature, which determines the allocation of OC4NSH, while the rest (17 %) is attributed to a difference in the optical method (transmittance vs. reflectance) applied for the charring correction. Evidence shows that the magnitude of the EC discrepancy is positively correlated with the intensity of the biomass burning signal, whereby biomass burning increases the fraction of OC4NSH and widens the disagreement in the inter-protocol EC determination. It is also found that the EC discrepancy is positively correlated with the abundance of metal oxide in the samples. Two approaches (M1 and M2) that translate NIOSH TOT OC and EC data into IMPROVE TOR OC and EC data are proposed. M1 uses direct relationship between ECNSH_TOT and ECIMP_TOR for reconstruction: M1 : ECIMP_TOR = a × ECNSH_TOT + b; while M2 deconstructs ECIMP_TOR into several terms based on analysis principles and applies regression only on the unknown terms: M2 : ECIMP_TOR = AECNSH + OC4NSH − (a × PCNSH_TOR + b), where AECNSH, apparent EC by the NIOSH protocol, is the carbon that evolves in the He–O2 analysis stage, OC4NSH is the carbon that evolves at the fourth temperature step of the pure helium analysis stage of NIOSH, and PCNSH_TOR is the pyrolyzed carbon as determined by the NIOSH protocol. The implementation of M1 to all urban site data (without considering seasonal specificity) yields the following equation: M1(urban data) : ECIMP_TOR = 2.20 × ECNSH_TOT − 0.05. While both M1 and M2 are acceptable, M2 with site-specific parameters provides the best reconstruction performance. Secondary OC (SOC) estimation using OC and EC by the two protocols is compared. An analysis of the usability of reconstructed ECIMP_TOR and OCIMP_TOR suggests that the reconstructed values are not suitable for SOC estimation due to the poor reconstruction of the OC / EC ratio.
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Siregar, Zufri Hasrudy, and Margie Subahagia Ningsih. "Implementasi metode NIOSH dan analisa QEC pada alat potong ranting." Operations Excellence: Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 11, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/oe.v11.1.2019.014.
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This research is the design of new technology which is simple by engineering hydraulic system and principles of hand grip which functions as adjustable twig clipper that is ergonomic, with the normal length of 1.5 meters, maximum length of 3 meters., weight of 2.8 kg, the length of grip range of 94 mm and handlebar diameter of 52 mm. This research used the method of ergonomic analysis to identify the suitability of the device with human by taking 95 percentile. From the findings, the hand grip diameter obtained is 54, 29 mm while the hand palm width is 97.87 mm, and the maximum pressure required to cut the branch is 522.29 kg/cm2 with a diameter of 1 cm that is for the type of clove twig. In addition, from the NIOSH analysis, it is obtained that the required weight is 4.89 Kg while from the QEC method, the highest score percentage is 47.62. This means that it is necessary to improve the equipment in the future. In order to prevent tiredness, the suggested working duration is 8.40 minutes and 7.14 minutes for resting time. From the results of research, it can be concluded that this device still needs to be improved in the future. In addition, the usage time is quite short and it is only functioned for harvesting clove and harvesting other similar with maximum diameter of 1 cm.
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Simpson, Anne, and Les Watling. "Precious corals (Coralliidae) from north-western Atlantic Seamounts." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91, no. 2 (July 5, 2010): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531541000086x.
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Two new species belonging to the precious coral genus Corallium were collected during a series of exploratory cruises to the New England and Corner Rise Seamounts in 2003–2005. One red species, Corallium bathyrubrum sp. nov., and one white species, C. bayeri sp. nov., are described. Corallium bathyrubrum is the first red Corallium to be reported from the western Atlantic. An additional species, C. niobe Bayer, 1964 originally described from the Straits of Florida, was also collected and its description augmented.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "White Niose"
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Reed, Mark Dobson. "The Role of Popular Mythology and Popular Culture in Post-war America, as represented by four novels - The Floating Opera and The End of the Road, by John Barth, White Noise, by Don DeLillo, and Vineland, by Thomas Pynchon." University of Sydney. English, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/627.
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The four novels - The Floating Opera, The End of the Road, White Noise, and Vineland - are representative of the cultural shift away from traditional moral concepts after World War II. Popular culture has increasingly become the guiding force for the continuation of American society, and in Don DeLillo�s White Noise, popular culture and its creation of myth (according to the author�s representation of America) has become embedded in the system and life of contemporary America. John Barth�s novel The End of the Road and its predecessor The Floating Opera are important in any discussion of the role of popular culture and popular mythology in post-war America. They both appear to signal an end to sincere intellectual thought or debate, and the notion of imposing a rational moral world upon the social landscape surrounding the individual. The Floating Opera explores the common tendency of society to avoid difficult intellectual struggles, and the central character and first-person narrator ultimately realises that questions about the nature of existence are of no objective value. In The End of the Road the character Jacob Horner adopts a superficial reflection of pre-existing rules and social conventions. Together these novels reflect much of what is at present understood as the postmodern aesthetic, and are indicative of many of the changes in America that were about to occur. The Floating Opera was published in 1956 and The End of the Road was published in 1958, but they are still highly relevant beyond the period in which they were written. White Noise (1984) portrays a system founded on the Hollywood mythology, and the superficial reflection of pre-existing rules and social conventions found in The End of the Road. The novel revolves around the experiences of the narrator, Jack Gladney, a university lecturer who teaches Hitler studies at Blacksmith College, and his wife Babette. The course which he teaches on Hitler is influenced by Hollywood myth, and the novel portrays a consumer-based society that has lost much of the firm moral basis which traditional religious concepts formerly supplied. The role of television, Hollywood, and the idea of simulation are all explored throughout the novel and are important forces in any examination of post-war American society. Finally, in Vineland (1990) the social upheavals which occurred during the late �60s and early �70s are explored from the perspective of the 1980s. The novel refers to a vast array of images and icons from popular culture, and the brief youth rebellion, in the late �60s, which failed to inspire any final social revolution. The result of this failed social revolution is a landscape of popular culture in modern America, where Godzilla leaves footprints in Japan and popular mythology from television or pulp novels coincides with everyday life. There are references in typical Pynchonesque fashion to those who must necessarily be orchestrating these social and cultural alterations, but they, as specific individuals, remain anonymous or hidden from the scope of the author (although, as in White Noise, there are deliberate references to the CIA and other agencies or departments within the U.S. Federal Government). Vineland is important, therefore, both as an account of the social changes which occurred in America between the late �60s and �80s, and the increasing role of popular culture in America. These four novels form the basis of an exploration of the role of popular mythology and popular culture in post-war America. They form a clear progression, and allow a detailed analysis of the social and cultural changes which contemporary America has undergone since the end of World War II.
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Cooney, Lucretia. "BULLYING: OUT OF THE SCHOOL HALLS AND INTO THE WORKPLACE." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2676.
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The primary purpose of this study is to identify those people at most risk of being bullied at work. While much research is being conducted on school bullying, little has been conducted on workplace bullying. Using data gathered from a 2004 study conducted by the National Opinion Research Center for the General Social Survey, which included a Quality of Work Life (QWL) module for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), linear regressions indicated significant findings. As predicted, workers in lower level occupations, as ranked by prestige scoring developed at National Opinion Research, are more likely to be victimized. Data also suggest that being young, Black, and relatively uneducated may contribute to being bullied in certain situations. Future research is needed to examine influences of socio-economic, legal, and other demographic factors that may predict the chance of being bullied.M.A.
Department of Sociology
Sciences
Applied Sociology MA
Books on the topic "White Niose"
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Nuevo Testamento Para Nios/Baby's New Testament: Salmos Y Proverbios/White. Broadman & Holman Pub, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "White Niose"
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Foladori, Guillermo, and Noela Invernizzi. "AgNano, the Construction of Occupational Health Standards: A Status Update." In Silver Micro-Nanoparticles - Properties, Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96104.
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The regulation of chemical substances involves a negotiation between social actors to translate controversial scientific evidence about risks into legal norms. This chapter addresses the discussion elicited by a public consultation on a voluntary regulation guide on silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in workplaces. It examines the comments made from 2016 to 2018 by diverse social actors – business representatives, non-governmental organizations (NGO), and independent researchers – to two successive draft versions of a Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) in working environments with AgNP. The REL is a voluntary guideline on permissible exposure limits elaborated by the NIOSH in the U.S. The methodology used was a qualitative content analysis, structured upon a historical and sociotechnical contextualization of nanotechnologies carried out through literature review. The findings show how different social actors position themselves in the controversy, revealing a pattern of behavior consistent with their position in the research, production, and commercialization of this new nanomaterial. While a group of actors, aligned with the interests of AgNP producers, proposed the restriction of mandatory and AgNP-specific regulation, another group of more heterogeneous actors, identified with the interests of workers and consumers, demanded more scientific and technical information and stricter health protection measures.
Conference papers on the topic "White Niose"
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McKenzie, E. A., J. R. Etherton, J. R. Harris, D. M. Cantis, and T. J. Lutz. "NIOSH AutoROPS 3rd Generation Static Testing and Human Interaction Element." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41330.
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To address the need for rollover protective structures (ROPS) on farm tractors that are easily adapted to low overhead clearance situations, the Division of Safety Research (DSR), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), developed an automatically deploying, telescoping ROPS (AutoROPS). The NIOSH AutoROPS at the present is in the third generation design and static testing phase, and the first phase of human subject (human operator) testing and manufacturing. The static testing is based on the SAE J2194 standard for testing ROPS for agricultural tractor use. The nature of the NIOSH AutoROPS is to be in a retracted position until an overturn is determined to be imminent. It is during the deployment time period that potential safety hazards exist that are not present in a traditional fixed ROPS and not addressed in the standards. Human interaction is a key ingredient in refining the design to be both functional and desirable while considering possible hazards. Feedback from farmers who have operated a tractor with the NIOSH AutoROPS installed and in the ready state will enhance the design and acceptability. NIOSH’s goal is to reduce the number of fatal agricultural overturns by increasing the percentage of tractors with ROPS and seatbelts which operate in low clearance environments. This design has met laboratory static testing criteria of the SAE J2194 standard for ROPS on agricultural tractors. Field evaluation of the AutoROPS use by poultry farmers (N=32) in eastern West Virginia showed favorable results and a preference for wanting to purchase and use the NIOSH AutoROPS compared with a currently available manually foldable ROPS. This paper discusses the overall performance of the NIOSH AutoROPS as subjected to the SAE J2194 standard and human interaction/feedback of operating an agricultural tractor with this added safety device.
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Silvetti, Alessio, Alberto Ranavolo, Giorgia Chini, Tiwana Varrecchia, Antonella Tatarelli, Lorenzo Fiori, Adriano Papale, Ari Fiorelli, and Francesco Draicchio. "Integrating sEMG into NIOSH protocol: a manual material handling risk assessment in the fruit and vegetable department of a supermarket." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002598.
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The biomechanical risk of cashiers in the retail sector has been extensively studied in literature. Despite high back pain prevalence in this sector manual material handling (MMH), instead, seems almost ignored. The aim of our study is MMH risk assessment in a fruit and vegetable department of a supermarket. This task wasn't still investigated, to date, together with standardized protocols and instru-mental-based tools. The sizes of the shelf allowed the use of the NIOSH protocol for the low level, whereas middle and high did not allow its use due to horizontal distance that exceeded the 63 cm set by the protocol. To integrate the NIOSH pro-tocol was used surface electromyography (sEMG). The recommended weight limit (RWL) in our case, according through NIOSH liftinq equation, was 17 Kg. The maximum handled weight from the workers was 14 Kg. The maximum mean peak value while lifting 14 Kg at a low level was 40.1% of Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) in the left Erector Spinae. We assumed this sEMG value to be a safety value and used as a limit for lifts at the middle and high shelf levels because the maximum handled weight of 14 Kg was lower than the 17 Kg limit calculated through the NIOSH equation for the low level. This sEMG limit was exceeded, in the middle, while lifting 14 Kg (47.8% MVC), and in the high level lifting 10 Kg (44.7% MVC), 12 Kg (50.3% MVC), and 14 Kg (57.7% MVC). Our findings show that, for the analyzed shelf and for the male working popula-tion of that supermarket, we could accept as reasonably safe handling boxes up to 14 Kg for the low level, up to 12 Kg in the middle, and up to 8 Kg in high. This study shows that the integration of different assessment tools, such sEMG and NIOSH protocol, could help to a better estimation of biomechanical risk assess-ment. The study, moreover, provided practical guidelines for the health and safety service concerning the recommended load handled on each shelf level to minimize the risk of MMH in the fruit and vegetable department.
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Etherton, J. R., P. H. Moore, J. R. Harris, and S. Zeng. "Safety Factors Relating to Monitored Compactor Operating Parameters." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0339.
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Abstract Recent NIOSH fatality investigations have shown that workers risk amputation and crush injury while attempting to clear jammed material from the loading chambers and feed chutes of operating baling and compacting equipment. A recent NIOSH study suggests that signals generated by strain gage transducers could be used to warn of impending jams. Strain gages placed at locations on the machine’s frame experiencing large deformations preceding jams would be used to trigger a visual or audible alarm. A system safety analysis using FaultrEASE software was conducted to describe the sources of variation in operating conditions that could confound the transducer response of the proposed safety device. Monitoring will require adequate signal conditioning to adjust for the effects of temperature differentials, vibration, electromagnetic interference, and other factors present in the indoor and outdoor operating environments typical for these machines. An experimental study was also conducted. Readings were collected from strain gages bonded to an integral horizontal compactor container. Readings were taken once a day as the compactor was normally being filled. Independent variables included: gage site; gage length; relative amount of compactor fill; and gage orientation. The dependent variable was strain gage voltage response under normal compactor cycling. The strains that were indicated were clearly biaxial and dynamic. Varying gage length and location produced significantly different responses. Substantial changes in gage response were recorded as material volume increased in the container. Mechanical blocking of the platen and proper lockout/tagout should remain the primary control of hazardous energy to prevent baling-equipment-related amputation and crushing injury.
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Yan, Lincan, David Yantek, Timothy Lutz, Jeffrey Yonkey, and Justin Srednicki. "Heat Mitigation for Underground Coal Mine Refuge Alternatives Using Cryogenic Air or Borehole Air Supplies." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70432.
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In case of an emergency in an underground coal mine, miners who fail to escape from the mine can enter a refuge alternative (RA) for protection from adverse conditions, such as high carbon monoxide levels. One of the main concerns with the use of both portable and built-in-place (BIP) RAs, especially for hot or deep mines, is the interior temperature rise due to the occupants’ metabolic heat and the heat released by devices such as the carbon dioxide (CO2) scrubbing system. The humidity within the RA will also increase through occupants’ respiration and perspiration, and from the chemical reaction within the CO2 scrubbing system. Heat and humidity buildup can subject the occupants to hazardous thermal conditions. To protect RA occupants, Mine Safety and Health Administration regulations mandate a maximum apparent temperature of 95°F within an occupied RA. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) tested both an air conditioned borehole air supply (BAS) and a cryogenic air supply for RAs in the NIOSH Experimental Mine in Bruceton, PA. The BAS was tested on a 60-person BIP RA, while the cryogenic air supply was tested on a 30-person BIP RA and a portable 23-person tent-type RA. Multiple tests were conducted with both air supplies to assess their ability to cool RAs. The test results show that the BAS and the cryogenic air supply were able to maintain the apparent temperature within the tested RAs under the 95°F limit. The BAS and the cryogenic air supply are potential RA heat mitigation strategies that mines could use to prevent heat/humidity buildup within RAs.
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Homer, John, Ashley Whitson, Bruce Whisner, Jeff Yonkey, and Dave Yantek. "Explosion Testing of Relief Valves for Underground Refuge Alternatives." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10592.
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Abstract Federal regulations require refuge alternatives (RAs) to be installed in underground coal mines. RAs provide miners safe shelter from life-threatening environments during a mine emergency when escape is not possible. Built-in-place (BIP) RAs require ventilation systems that supply breathable air to occupants. Relief valves provide critical functions to the ventilation system by limiting pressure within the RA, allowing ventilation air to exit while preventing contamination ingress, and protecting occupants from external pressure due to mine explosions. As such, relief valves for BIP RAs must be developed and tested to ensure pressure relief, adequate airflow, and the ability to withstand a 103-kPa (15-psi) blast overpressure with a duration of 0.2 seconds. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has published research on relief valve opening pressures and airflow rates. However, the ability of RA relief valves to withstand a survivable mine explosion must be demonstrated. As such, NIOSH researchers tested the ability of RA relief valves to withstand overpressure representative of a survivable mine explosion. For this, seven relief valves were subjected to 103-kPa (15-psi) target overpressure waveforms, produced using methane-air explosions within a fixed-volume enclosure. All seven relief valves survived the overpressure testing, maintained normal performance, and did not incur any critical component deformation. One instance of valve leakage was observed during the tests. This paper presents the methodology and results of testing the ability of RA relief valves to withstand a survivable mine explosion. Information in this publication can be used for evaluating relief valve design and determining parameters critical to their ability to reliably withstand a survivable mine explosion and protect RA occupants. Research presented in this paper is applicable to testing and improving RA designs for underground coal mines, and could also be extended to similar applications and industries involving explosion testing.
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Yang, Junyi, Hugo E. Camargo, and David S. Yantek. "Sound Radiation Analysis of a Longwall Cutting Drum." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64530.
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Operators of longwall mining systems experience sound levels of 93–105 dB(A) and receive noise exposures that place them at risk of noise-induced hearing loss. To address the problem, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH*) Office of Mine Safety and Health Research (OMSHR) has conducted research to develop engineering noise controls for longwall systems. In previous field surveys, the sound radiated by the cutting drums was identified as a major hazard, especially considering their close proximity to the operators. Cutting drums are complex structures consisting of curved metal pieces welded together, and NIOSH has used modeling and simulation to characterize the acoustic properties of this structure. Based on a finite element (FE) model of the drum, the boundary element method (BEM) was used to predict the sound radiated from the vibrating drum due to an excitation force applied to one of the cutting bits. Simulations were used to examine the following with respect to the radiated sound power: (1) the ramifications of adding the welds to the model rather than assuming direct attachment between the metal components; (2) the effect of weld stiffness; (3) the relative contributions of the vanes and the cylindrical part of the drum; and (4) the sensitivity to the direction of the applied force. Parametric studies have shown that including the weld in the finite element model has a significant effect on the predicted sound power level, while varying the weld Young’s modulus by 20% does not radically change the sound radiation. Panel contribution analysis indicates that the vanes contribute much more to the total sound power level, as compared to the cylindrical part of the drum. Consequently, it is expected that damping treatments would be most effective at controlling noise radiation if applied to the vanes rather than to the cylindrical portion. Finally, case study results show that the sound power levels are most sensitive to the tangential and bending forces above 500 Hz. For frequencies below 500 Hz, the sound power level is most sensitive to axial and bending forces.
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Kalkis, Valdis, Zenija Roja, and Henrijs Kalkis. "Methodology of Physical Load Risk Assessment in Latvia." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100082.
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Occupational safety and health have a considerable value for employees and employers in Latvia. Despite the fact that modern production systems involve highly specialized and complex machinery, there are many human activities including manual tasks that have not been automated due to flexibility requirements. Physical overloading is caused, for example, by lifting or pushing heavy objects, daily use of vibratory tools or prolonged work while bending over. Insufficient physical load (lack of activities) is caused, for example, by prolonged sedentary work without periodic breaks for movement. The importance of psycho-emotional factors, including stress at work, should also be taken into account here. Musculoskeletal complaints are responsible for one-third of the reported cases of absenteeism and disability. Therefore, physical load forms the core of the problem, and is one of the main factors hindering sustained healthy, productive work, and wellbeing. This calls for the development of practical exposure assessment tools, particularly for health and safety practitioners, to quickly assess an exposure to ergonomic risks. The knowledge of the risk and corresponding risk assessment methods are aim of investigation and provide basis for the formulation and implementation of preventive measures. The road building workers, textile sewers and cutters, as well as fire-fighters-rescuers, who are employed in a wide range of tasks, were used as an example of ergonomic risk analysis.Several tools for description and assessment of ergonomic risks applying subjective, mathematical and experimental (objective) methods were used. The chosen tools and technique are: Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ-E); KIM (exposure scores for pushing/pulling, carrying), QEC (exposure levels for main body regions), OWAS (time sampling for body postures and force), RULA (categorization of upper limb postures and force with action levels), MAC (manual handling assessment charts), NIOSH (lifting equations, biomechanical load limits), SI (the strain index), workload energy expenditure (WEE), heart rate monitoring (HRM), myotonometry (MYO), NASA-TLX (mental and physical workload interaction/task load index), WAI (work ability index). The chosen methods have been categorized under four main headings: 1) self-reports from workers, 2) observation methods, 3) mathematical methods, 4) direct measurement of exposure variables at work.Analysing these methods it was established that KIM, QEC, NIOSH, OWAS, WAI and HRM are more suitable for quick assessment of the ergonomic risks at work, while the RULA, WEE and MYO are more complicated for quick assessment. It was found that employee's subjective point of view on workload does not always coincide with the objective measurement results. It was concluded that the physical load assessment methods, analysed in this study, are successfully introduced in Latvia, and preventive measures, such as medical hypnotherapy, including cognitive hypnotherapy and self-hypnosis training sessions, are effective methods to decrease composite chronic pain intensity, as well as to decrease psychogenic tension and muscle fatigue, and to increase the life quality.
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Mick, T., K. Means, J. Etherton, J. Powers, and E. A. McKenzie. "Design Recommendations for Controlling the Jam-Clearing Hazard on Recycling Industry Balers." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79699.
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Between 1986 and 2002, there were 43 fatalities in the United States to operators of recycling industry balers. Of these fatalities, 29 involved horizontal balers that were baling paper and cardboard (Taylor, 2002). Balers often become jammed while the baling process is occurring, and the only way to remove the jam is manually. This requires an employee to place a limb of their body into the jamming area and remove the material that is causing the jam. While lockout and tagout procedures reduce the risk of hazardous energy being released, they can still be easily bypassed, ignored, or forgotten. Recent efforts to reduce machine-related injury and death involve the development of a control system for these machines that automatically detects hazardous operating conditions and responds accordingly. The system is being developed at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). This system, JamAlert, automatically terminates the power to the machine when a jam is detected. JamAlert detects a jam by observing both the strain that is experienced by the shear bar of the baler and the hydraulic pressure at which the ram is operating. The strain that is experienced by the baler shear bar when a jam is initiated was calculated in this study through laboratory testing and finite element modeling. Design recommendations are presented on how best to tune the JamAlert’s operating program to most effectively control the jam-clearing hazard.
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Bissert, Peter T., Joseph P. DuCarme, Jacob L. Carr, Christopher C. Jobes, and Jeffrey A. Yonkey. "Performance Summary of Continuous Mining Machine Proximity Detection Systems." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65536.
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Since 1984, remote controlled continuous mining machines (CMM) have caused 40 crushing and pinning fatalities in the United States. Due to limited space in the underground environment and visibility needs, CMM operators typically work close to the machine which exposes them to the danger of being struck or pinned by it. Because of these fatalities, the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) has published a rule requiring proximity detection systems (PDSs) on all CMMs except for full-face machines. To test PDS performance, researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a series of field tests in underground coal mines throughout the United States on CMMs equipped with PDSs. The field tests collected data under a variety of conditions to evaluate the warning and shutdown zone performance of these systems. A baseline test condition was measured when the machine was operating in non-mining mode. Three additional conditions discussed in this paper include testing of the PDS while the machine was operating in mining mode, examining the possibility of parasitic coupling to the trailing cable, and examining the effects of the presence of a shuttle car. The results of this study indicate that the average warning and stop zones vary minimally between non-mining mode and trailing cable influence measurements, as well as between the mining mode and shuttle car presence tests. A majority of the measurements for warning and stop zones showed repeatability within +/− 5 inches (12.7 cm). Additionally, parasitic coupling to the trailing cable was not experienced during this field testing. However, these results show that the range of stop zone measurements varied by 4.7 ft on average and as much as 11.7 ft in different field sites. This is most likely due to individual preferences by operators during installation when the warning and stop zone distances are set. While a PDS should effectively stop a CMM when an operator gets too close to the machine, the large variations between field test measurements indicate that there is a wide variation of performance established during system installation.
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Yan, Lincan, Dave S. Yantek, Cory R. DeGennaro, Justin R. Srednicki, Jeffrey A. Yonkey, Brandin Lambie, and Jacob Carr. "Evaluation of a Cryogenic Air Supply As a Breathable Air Source for a Confined Space." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-93688.
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Abstract A breathable air source is required for confined space such as an underground refuge alternative (RA) when it is occupied. To minimize the risk of suffocating, federal regulation requires that mechanisms be provided and procedures be included so that, within the refuge alternative, the oxygen concentration is maintained at levels between 18.5% and 23% for 96 hours. The regulation also requires that, during use of the RA, the concentration of carbon dioxide should not exceed 1%, and the concentration of carbon monoxide should not exceed 25 ppm. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) evaluated the cryogenic air supply’s ability to provide breathable air for a refuge alternative. A propane smoker was used to simulate human breathing by burning propane gas which will consume O2 and generate CO2 and H2O. The rate of propane burned at the smoker was controlled to represent the O2 consumption rate for the breathing of a certain number of people. Two 96-hour tests were conducted in a sealed shipping container, which was used as a surrogate for a refuge alternative. While burning propane gas to simulate human oxygen consumption, cryogenic air was provided to the shipping container to determine if the cryogenic air supply will keep the O2 level above 18.5% and CO2 level below 1% inside the shipping container as required by the federal regulations pertaining to refuge alternatives. Both 96-hour tests simulated the breathing of 21 persons. The first test used the oxygen consumption rate (1.32 cu ft of pure oxygen per hour per person) specified in federal regulations, while the second test used the oxygen consumption rate specified by [1] (0.67 cu ft of pure oxygen per hour per person). The test data shows that during both 96-hour tests, the oxygen level was maintained within a 21%–23% range, and the CO2 level was maintained below 1% (0.2%–0.45%). The information in this paper could be useful when applying a cryogenic air supply as a breathable air source for an underground refuge alternative or other confined space.
Reports on the topic "White Niose"
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NIOSH alert: preventing deaths and injuries while compacting or baling refuse material. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub2003124.
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NIOSH Hazard ID, HID 12 - traffic hazards to firefighters while working along roadways. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub2001143.
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Evaluation of a self-contained breathing apparatus involved in a fatality and a near miss while operating at a structure fire - NIOSH Division of Safety Research DSR Clinton Fire Department request for two MSA model G1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/npptlreptn-22941.
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