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Journal articles on the topic 'White collar workers'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Neinhaus, Ursula. "WOMEN WHITE-COLLAR WORKERS." History Workshop Journal 19, no. 1 (1985): 192a—192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/19.1.192a.

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2

MARCHAK, PATRICIA. "Women Workers and White-Collar Unions*." Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie 10, no. 2 (July 14, 2008): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618x.1973.tb00520.x.

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3

Kanjanapan, Wilawan. "White-Collar Foreign Workers in Taiwan." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, no. 3-4 (September 1992): 569–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100308.

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This paper discusses capital-assisted and non-capital-assisted migration to Taiwan. Despite a yearly average of US$915 million in direct foreign investment (DFI) in Taiwan in the 1980s, the number of professional transient migrants in Taiwan is not large, totaling only 960 persons in 1988. As sources of both DFI and capital-assisted migration, Japan ranked highest, followed by the United States and Europe. Foreign professionals sent by transnational corporations are likely to be found in capital and technology intensive industries, as well as trade and the services. Among non-capital-assisted migrants, American English teachers are highlighted with results of a case study on their characteristics, work experience and adjustment.
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4

Bilgel, Nazan, Serpil Aytac, and Nuran Bayram. "Bullying in Turkish white-collar workers." Occupational Medicine 56, no. 4 (February 28, 2006): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqj041.

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5

Delaney, Walter. "Is the White-Collar Worker the Forgotten Man ?" Relations industrielles 9, no. 4 (February 21, 2014): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1022810ar.

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The "White-Collar" class composed mostly of office workers although not too much known or spoken of constitutes an interesting group in our society, but unfortunately, has not kept pace with the cost of living or wages of plant workers. From this situation serious problems arise which can be studied by the employers themselves; they can be solved if the principles applied to the ordinary worker are also applied, with some little differences, to the clerical worker himself. This is what the author wants to explain briefly in giving some suggestions.
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6

Harumi, Wise, Nasri Bachtiar, and Neng Kamarni. "Guaranteed Return to Work for White-Collar and Blue-Collar Workers: Impact of Covid-19 in Western and Eastern Indonesia." Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 350–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36574/jpp.v6i3.367.

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This study investigates the guaranteed recall likelihood of temporarily unemployed white-collar and blue-collar workers in the labour markets affected by Covid-19 in Indonesia’s western and eastern regions. The August 2020 microdata from Sakernas were used using logistic regression analysis. Descriptive analysis shows a balance of male and female workforce composition. However, the unemployment rate affected by Covid-19 is higher in western Indonesia than in eastern Indonesia. In the western part of Indonesia, the temporarily unemployed are more distributed in urban areas, while in the eastern part of Indonesia, they are more dispersed in rural areas. By gender, more men than women are temporarily unemployed due to Covid-19 in western and eastern Indonesia. Regression statistics show that layoffs and temporary layoffs impact white-collar and blue-collar workers differently. It can be seen that white-collar workers in western Indonesia have the highest return-to-work protection factor, while blue-collar workers in eastern Indonesia have the lowest. Urban areas provide blue-collar workers in eastern Indonesia with higher guaranteed chances of returning to work. Male white-collar workers in the Western Indonesia region are the most likely to return to work compared to other categories. The age variable is not significant for white-collar workers but is significant for blue-collar workers. The only significant education variable is the assurance that blue-collar workers in eastern Indonesia will return to work. An additional skill variant in the form of a course will provide a higher assurance of being recalled to work in the eastern region of Indonesia.
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7

Kristinsson, Sigurdur Y., Asa R. Derolf, Paul W. Dickman, Gustaf Edgren, and Magnus Bjorkholm. "High Socioeconomic Status (SES) Is Associated with Superior Survival in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Multiple Myeloma (MM). A Population-Based Study." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1485.1485.

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Abstract Introduction The association between SES and survival in MM and AML has not been studied in detail and the limited results are inconclusive. In the present study the impact of SES on survival was analyzed in a large population-based cohort of MM and AML patients. Patients and Methods From the Swedish Cancer Register we identified all individuals diagnosed with MM and AML between 1973 and 2003. We used type of occupation, combined into seven groups (blue-collar worker, farmer, lower white-collar worker, higher white-collar worker, self-employed, retired, and unknown), from the Swedish National Census Databases as a proxy for SES. The relative risk of death (any cause) in relation to type of occupation and calendar period was estimated using Cox’s proportional hazards regression adjusted for age, sex, calendar period and area of residence. We also conducted analyses stratified by calendar period (1973–1979, 1980–1989, 1990–1999, and 2000–2003). Results A total of 14,200 and 8,831 patients were diagnosed with MM and AML, respectively. The median age at diagnosis was 71.8 years in patients with MM and 69.1 years in AML. The SES distribution was similar between the two diseases. The majority of patients were blue-collar (38.0; 39.5%) and white-collar workers (36.4; 37%), with lower white-collar workers dominating the latter group. Women had a significantly lower mortality than men both among MM (p<0.001) and AML (p<0.05) patients. The mortality among patients diagnosed in more recent calendar periods was lower than among patients diagnosed earlier (p<0.001) Overall, higher white-collar workers had a significantly lower mortality compared to blue-collar workers for both MM (p<0.001) and AML (p<0.001). No significant differences were found between the other SES groups. In MM, analyses stratified by calendar period revealed that the mortality did not differ between the SES groups in the first two calendar periods, but in the third calendar period, 1990–1999, both higher and lower white-collar workers had a significantly lower mortality compared to blue collar workers, hazard ratios (HR) 0.85 (95% CI, 0.75–0.96) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.85–0.98), respectively. In the fourth period the mortality followed the same pattern as in the third period with lower mortality among both higher [HR 0.66 (95% CI, 0.50–0.88)] and lower [HR 0.82 (95% CI, 0.69–0.96)] white-collar workers. In AML patients no difference in mortality in relation to SES was found during the first calendar period. During the last three periods, however, a lower mortality was observed in higher white-collar workers compared to blue-collar workers, HR: 0.79 (0.66–0.95), 0.79 (0.67–0.93) and 0.74 (0.57–0.96) in the periods 1980–1989, 1990–1999 and 2000–2003, respectively. Conclusion SES, here defined as occupational profession, was significantly associated with prognosis in both MM and AML. Most conspicuously, a lower mortality was recorded in white-collar workers during more recent calendar periods. Differences in time to diagnosis (lead-time bias) and treatment strategies may be important factors contributing to this finding. Future studies may identify the relative impact of these and potentially other factors.
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8

Eslami, Ardalan, Najah T. Nassif, and Sara Lal. "Neuropsychological Performance and Cardiac Autonomic Function in Blue- and White-Collar Workers: A Psychometric and Heart Rate Variability Evaluation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5 (February 27, 2023): 4203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054203.

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The 21st century has brought a growing and significant focus on performance and health within the workforce, with the aim of improving the health and performance of the blue- and white-collar workforce. The present research investigated heart rate variability (HRV) and psychological performance between blue and white-collar workers to determine if differences were evident. A total of 101 workers (n = 48 white-collar, n = 53 blue-collar, aged 19–61 years) underwent a three lead electrocardiogram to obtain HRV data during baseline (10 min) and active (working memory and attention) phases. The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, specifically the spatial working memory, attention switching task, rapid visual processing and the spatial span, were used. Differences in neurocognitive performance measures indicated that white-collar workers were better able to detect sequences and make less errors than blue-collar workers. The heart rate variability differences showed that white-collar workers exhibit lower levels of cardiac vagal control during these neuropsychological tasks. These initial findings provide some novel insights into the relationship between occupation and psychophysiological processes and further highlight the interactions between cardiac autonomic variables and neurocognitive performance in blue and white-collar workers.
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9

Chengcai, Feng, Sergey Ryazantsev, and Evgeniya Moiseeva. "Chinese Mobile Youth’s Intentions to Stay in the City." DEMIS. Demographic Research 1, no. 4 (November 19, 2021): 96–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/demis.2021.1.4.8.

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In the new era, the motivation of young migrant white-collar and blue-collar workers to stay in cities is different. Through in-depth interviews, we found out that economic factors have different attraction mechanisms for migrant youth to stay in Shanghai. Income level is the most direct factor for migrant youth’ decision-making, but white-collar workers still pay more attention to the prospects of urban development. Social integration has different effects on the retention mentality of migrant youth as well. High-quality urban integration promotes the willingness of white-collar workers to stay in the city, and the weak sense of urban belonging of blue-collar workers does not hinder their urban retention decision-making. Living conditions have different push and pull effects on migrant youth staying in cities. White collar workers have better living conditions and can purchase real estate, so as to complete the process of citizenization*. Blue collar workers cannot buy real estate and have poor living conditions, so it is easy to push them out of the city. Policy factors also have different bonding effects on migrant youth’s residence. The policy has bonded high-quality white-collar workers and promoted their strong willingness to stay. However, it has squeezed blue collar workers to a certain extent, but it has no obvious effect on their decision-making and willingness to stay. Migrant young white-collar workers comprehensively measure various factors to determine whether to stay, while migrant young blue-collar workers mainly decide whether to stay based on income level. The decision-making and willingness of the new generation of migrant youth to stay in cities have tended to be reasonable. Based on this, this paper puts forward the idea of ‘tripartite promotion’ to promote the rational flow of youth.
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10

Addison, John T., and Pedro Portugal. "Advance Notice and Unemployment: New Evidence from the 1988 Displaced Worker Survey." ILR Review 45, no. 4 (July 1992): 645–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399204500402.

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This paper examines how advance notice of layoff affects the incidence and duration of unemployment following displacement. The authors use the Displaced Worker Survey for 1988, which, unlike earlier surveys in the series, contains information on written notice. The results are mixed. Longer written notice may more than double the proportion of white-collar workers who move directly to new employment. But written notice has no such positive effects for blue-collar workers, regardless of its length. Informal (unwritten) notice benefits male workers, either by improving their chances of avoiding unemployment (white-collar men) or by reducing the average spell of unemployment (blue-collar men).
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11

Aro, Seppo, Leena Räsänen, and Risto Telama. "Social Class and Changes in Health-Related Habits in Finland in 1973–1983." Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 14, no. 1 (March 1986): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/140349488601400107.

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The aim of this project was to study social class differences with respect to various health-related habits and especially to note the changes in these habits after a 10-year follow-up period. From this study conclusions can be drawn as to whether health education efforts and increased interest in personal health has been more widely adopted by the more educated groups than the less educated groups, whose morbidity and mortality rates are higher. The sample consisted of 902 white-collar and blue-collar workers. Smoking was found to be more common among blue-collar workers in both years. Smoking rates had declined in all groups except female blue-collar workers. Occasions of drinking were more frequent among white-collar than blue-collar workers. However, heavier forms of drinking were more common in male blue-collar than white-collar groups, while the opposite was true among women. Dietary habits in white-collar groups were closer to the “official” recommendations than in the respective blue-collar groups in both years. White-collar men were physically more active at the time of the first investigation, and even more so ten years later. Among women, social class differences were in the same direction, but less marked. In conclusion, in the early 1970s the health-related habits examined were, in most instances, less favourable among blue-collar than white-collar workers. No consistent pattern of change in these habits was observed in the 10-year follow-up. At the end of the follow-up, many of the “inequalities” still persisted.
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12

Kirimura, Takashi. "An Examination of the Distribution of White-Collar Worker Residences in Tokyo and Osaka during the Modernizing Period." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 9 (August 28, 2019): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8090375.

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This paper sheds light on the residences of white-collar workers in Tokyo and Osaka, Japan in the modernizing period using historical statistical data and telephone directories from a historical geographic information system (GIS) analysis. We examined the differences between the distribution of white-collar workers and the progress of suburbanization by comparing the respective unemployment censuses and telephone directories of Tokyo and Osaka. The analysis shows that in 1925, there was a tendency for many white-collar workers to live in certain city sectors, as well as in the city center. However, this trend had changed by the mid-1930s, when data show that private-sector white-collar workers tended to live more in areas with a relatively low population density. Compared to Osaka, Tokyo was relatively suburbanized with white-collar workers in private companies.
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13

Morris, William R., Karen M. Conrad, Richard J. Marcantonio, Beth A. Marks, and Kurt M. Ribisl. "Do Blue-Collar Workers Perceive the Worksite Health Climate Differently Than White-Collar Workers?" American Journal of Health Promotion 13, no. 6 (July 1999): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-13.6.319.

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14

DEĞERLİ, Mustafa. "New normal for gold and white-collar workers: The hybrid way." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 11, no. 1 (March 25, 2023): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v11i1.2194.

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The latest COVID-19 pandemic brought about salient alterations concerning several characteristics of people’s lives and routines. One of these major aspects relates to some people’s working places and customs. Unambiguously, the way gold and white-collar workers work has been altered due to the practices applied in response to the latest pandemic. Organizations and people experiencing remote working had an all-inclusive opportunity to evaluate trade-offs regarding working in offices and working from home or other convenient places. This paper defines and discusses the hybrid way, the new normal for gold and white-collar workers. Advantages, disadvantages, challenges, and success factors are also deliberated in this paper. Purposefully, mixed method research was conducted to get and distil experiences and views of gold and white-collar workers regarding the new current normal of working. Pertinent data to be analyzed and evaluated were collected from 2405 people (2365 questionnaires and 40 interviews). The outcomes concluded that the new normal for gold and white-collar workers are the hybrid way (a mix of working in offices and remotely from homes or other convenient places). Facets (items related to policy, tools, and steering) to consider are also discussed in the paper. This paper contributes to the management body of knowledge by providing additional evidence to the hybrid way of working for gold and white-collar workers. As experiences and views of workers are shaping the pertinent success and enhancements, this paper will be valuable for managers of organizations involving gold and white-collar workers, relevant policymakers, and other researchers exploring the new normal.
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15

Sugayama, Shinj. "WHITE-COLLAR WORKERS IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION." Keiei Shigaku (Japan Business History Review) 27, no. 4 (1992): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5029/bhsj.27.4_1.

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16

Savery, Lawson K., and Henry Waters. "Decision‐making Styles of White‐collar Workers." Journal of Managerial Psychology 5, no. 2 (February 1990): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683949010140085.

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17

Bhalla, Santosh, Bill Jones, and Deborah M. Flynn. "Role stress among Canadian white-collar workers." Work & Stress 5, no. 4 (October 1991): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678379108257027.

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18

Murray, Susan L., and Zafar Khan. "Impact of Interruptions on White Collar Workers." Engineering Management Journal 26, no. 4 (December 2014): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10429247.2014.11432025.

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19

Ghahramani, Rahil, Mohammad Kermani-Alghoraishi, Hamid Reza Roohafza, Saeide Bahrani, Mohammad Talaei, Minoo Dianatkhah, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, and Masoumeh Sadeghi. "The Association between Occupational Categories and Incidence of Cardiovascular Events: A Cohort Study in Iranian Male Population." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 11, no. 4 (October 26, 2020): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijoem.2020.2053.

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Background: Besides the traditional cardiovascular risk factor, some novel risk factors like occupation and career can play an important role in cardiovascular disease (CVDs) incidence. Objective: To assess the association between occupational categories and their positions with cardiovascular events (CVEs) in an Iranian male population. Methods: We followed 2134 men aged 35–65 years for 14 years during the Isfahan Cohort Study (2001–2015) for CVEs including ischemic heart disease and stroke. Firstly, Occupations were classified into 10 categories of International Standard Classification of Occupation (ISCO). Each category was then classified into one of the 4 pre-specified categories, namely high/low skilled white collars and high/low skilled blue collars. White-collar workers referred to managerial and professional workers in contrast with blue collar workers, whose job requires manual labor. Results: The mean age of studied participants was 46.9 (SD 8.3) years. 286 CVE incidents were recorded; unstable angina had the highest rate (46%); fatal stroke, the lowest (3%). There were no significant difference was observed between white and blue collars in terms of CVE incidence, as well as their high and low skilled subgroups. Hazard ratio analysis indicated a significantly higher risk of CVEs only for low-skilled white-collar workers (crude HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.13); this was not significant after adjustment for confounding variables. Conclusion: There is no association between occupational categories and incidence of cardiovascular events among Iranian male population.
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20

Ghahramani, Rahil, Mohammad Kermani-Alghoraishi, Hamid Reza Roohafza, Saeide Bahrani, Mohammad Talaei, Minoo Dianatkhah, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, and Masoumeh Sadeghi. "The Association between Occupational Categories and Incidence of Cardiovascular Events: A Cohort Study in Iranian Male Population." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 11, no. 4 (October 26, 2020): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijoem.2020.2253.

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Background: Besides the traditional cardiovascular risk factor, some novel risk factors like occupation and career can play an important role in cardiovascular disease (CVDs) incidence. Objective: To assess the association between occupational categories and their positions with cardiovascular events (CVEs) in an Iranian male population. Methods: We followed 2134 men aged 35–65 years for 14 years during the Isfahan Cohort Study (2001–2015) for CVEs including ischemic heart disease and stroke. Firstly, Occupations were classified into 10 categories of International Standard Classification of Occupation (ISCO). Each category was then classified into one of the 4 pre-specified categories, namely high/low skilled white collars and high/low skilled blue collars. White-collar workers referred to managerial and professional workers in contrast with blue collar workers, whose job requires manual labor. Results: The mean age of studied participants was 46.9 (SD 8.3) years. 286 CVE incidents were recorded; unstable angina had the highest rate (46%); fatal stroke, the lowest (3%). There were no significant difference was observed between white and blue collars in terms of CVE incidence, as well as their high and low skilled subgroups. Hazard ratio analysis indicated a significantly higher risk of CVEs only for low-skilled white-collar workers (crude HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.13); this was not significant after adjustment for confounding variables. Conclusion: There is no association between occupational categories and incidence of cardiovascular events among Iranian male population.
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Dėdelė, Miškinytė, Andrušaitytė, and Bartkutė. "Perceived Stress among Different Occupational Groups and the Interaction with Sedentary Behaviour." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 4595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234595.

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Sedentary lifestyle and low physical activity are associated with health issues, including both physical and mental health, non-communicable diseases, overweight, obesity and reduced quality of life. This study investigated differences in physical activity and other individual factors among different occupational groups, highlighting the impact of sedentary behaviour on perceived stress by occupation. Cross-sectional study included 571 full-time workers of Kaunas city, Lithuania. The outcome of this study was assessment of perceived stress. Time spent sedentary per day, occupation and other individual characteristics were self-reported using questionnaires. Two main occupational groups were analysed: white-collar and blue-collar workers. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the impact of sedentary behaviour on perceived stress among different occupational groups. The prevalence of high sedentary behaviour was 21.7 and 16.8 % among white-collar and blue-collar workers, respectively. Blue-collar workers had a higher risk of high perceived stress (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05–2.29) compared to white-collar workers; however, sedentary time did not have any impact on high perceived stress level. Meanwhile, white-collar male (OR 4.34, 95% CI 1.46–12.95) and white-collar female (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.23–8.65) workers who spend more than three hours per day sedentary had a greater risk of high levels of perceived stress. These findings indicate sedentary behaviour effect on perceived stress among two occupational groups—white-collar and blue-collar workers—and other important factors associated with perceived stress.
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22

Sayers Bain, Georges. "The Growth of White-Collar Unionism and Public Policy in Canada." Relations industrielles 24, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 243–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/028018ar.

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The number of white-collar workers is rapidly increasing. If the trade union movement is to continue to play an effective role in the industrial relations system, it must recruit these workers. But so far, outside of the public sector of the economy, there is relatively little white-collar unionism in Canada. The major reason for this is that Canadian public policy on industrial relations is not very effective in curbing management opposition to white-collar unionism. The paper suggests several ways in which public policy might be made not only more effective in this regard but also deals with the problems arising from the growth of white-collar unionism.
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Grasshoff, Julia, Batoul Safieddine, Stefanie Sperlich, and Johannes Beller. "Gender inequalities of psychosomatic complaints at work vary by occupational groups of white- and blue-collar and level of skill: A cross sectional study." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (July 11, 2024): e0303811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303811.

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Background Previous research has shown that women report more psychosomatic complaints at work than men. However, knowledge about gender inequalities in psychosomatic complaints within occupational groups and specific symptoms is lacking. This study aims to compare gender inequalities in psychosomatic complaints in the occupational groups of white-collar high-skilled, white-collar low-skilled, blue-collar high-skilled and blue-collar low-skilled workers. Methods The study implemented a cross sectional design using data from the nationwide German Employment Survey of the Working Population on Qualification and Working Conditions conducted in 2017/ 2018. Psychosomatic complaints were operationalised by the following symptoms: headache, insomnia, tiredness, irritability, dejection, physical fatigue, and emotional fatigue. N = 20012 working German-speaking respondents were sampled. After excluding persons with missing data on the study variables, the sample consisted of N = 16359 persons. Results Women reported significantly more psychosomatic complaints than men in the subgroups of white-collar high-skilled and white-collar low-skilled (ps < .05), inequalities in blue-collar high-skilled and blue-collar low-skilled only being numerical. Regarding specific symptoms, women reported more psychosomatic complaints then men in the subgroups of white-collar high-skilled workers, white-collar low-skilled workers, and blue-collar low-skilled workers. Headaches, physical fatigue, and emotional fatigue were the most common symptoms. The white-collar high-skilled subgroup had the highest number of symptoms with significant gender inequalities. These effects remained after controlling for age, working hours, parental status and marital status. Conclusions Gender inequalities in psychosomatic complaints are ubiquitous but vary in their frequency by occupational subgroup and specific psychosomatic complaint. Women in white-collar high-skilled jobs in particular report to be burdened more often by many specific psychosomatic symptoms. Future studies should investigate the reasons for these occupational inequalities and develop interventions to reduce health inequalities in the workplace.
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Naveed, Resham. "Relative Factor Abundance and Relative Factor Price Equality in Punjab." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 105–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2015.v20.i1.a4.

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This study tests the relative factor price equality across districts in Punjab using the methodology developed by Bernard, Redding, and Schott (2009) and data from the Census of Manufacturing Industries for 2000/01 and 2005/06. The results indicate the absence of relative factor price equalization due to the uneven distribution of factors in the province. Nonproduction (white-collar) workers) are relatively scarce in Punjab, which results in a wage premium for this type of labor. The study adjusts for worker quality by using a Mincerian wage equation as worker quality could explain the wage differential between white-collar and blue-collar workers. However, this exercise yields similar results, implying that factors are distributed unevenly across the districts of Punjab even after controlling for worker quality differences.
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Prins, Peggy, David Stuer, and Ans de Vos. "Blue, White of Grey CollarsHoe Diep is Het Water Wanneer Het Gaat Om Zinvol Werk?" Tijdschrift voor HRM 21, no. 4 (January 1, 2002): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/thrm2018.3.prin.

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Werk heeft belangrijke zingevende functies en heeft daardoor een potentieel positief effect op het leven van mensen: het biedt idealiter een inkomen, het zorgt voor sociaal contact, het geeft meer zin en regelmaat aan het leven en het draagt potentieel bij aan iemands eigenwaarde en welzijnsgevoel. Of en waarom mensen hun werk als zinvol ervaren, is dan ook van oudsher een belangrijk vraagstuk in het arbeidspsychologisch en -sociologisch onderzoek. Wij zoomen in dit artikel in op de vraag welke verschillen bestaan in de gradatie en de determinanten van zinvol werk voor drie beroepsgroepen: de blue, white en grey collars. Waar de termen 'blue en white collars' gemeenzaam bekend zijn, is dat veel minder het geval voor de term 'grey collars'. Het gaat stereotiep om de 'grijze pakken', om de kader- of de leidinggevende functies. Hoe diep of ondiep is het water tussen deze drie groepen wanneer het gaat om percepties van (determinanten van) zinvol werk?How deep or shallow is the water between blue, withe and grey collars when it comes to perceptions of (determinants of) meaningful work? That’s the key focus of the article. In line with self-determination theory we examine the impact of (the fulfilling of the need of) autonomy and (the fulfilling of the need of) social support on experienced meaningfulness. Additionally, in line with Person-Environment Fit theory, we expect a mediation effect by needs-supply fit or misfit dependent on the type of professional ‘collar’ (blue, white or grey) of the employee. The results of the explanatory analysis of our survey (n=9307) shows that the expected relationships in our models are quite collar-independent, meaning that the drivers for meaningful work are almost the same for blue, white as well as for grey collars. This does not mean that the nature of the ‘collar’ of the workers has no impact at all. The descriptive results demonstrates less meaningful work perceptions, less needs-supply fit, less autonomy and social support for blue collar workers, compared with white and grey collars. Extra attention for those groups who are working in a more executive mode is therefore required.
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Fletcher, Gena M., Timothy K. Behrens, and Lorie Domina. "Barriers and Enabling Factors for Work-Site Physical Activity Programs: A Qualitative Examination." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 5, no. 3 (May 2008): 418–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.5.3.418.

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Background:Work sites offer a productive setting for physical activity (PA) promoting interventions. Still, PA participation remains low. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the reasoning behind commonly reported barriers and enabling factors to participation in PA programs in a work-site setting.Methods:Employees from a large city government were recruited to participate in focus groups, stratified by white- and blue-collar occupations. Responses from open-ended questions about factors influencing participation in PA programs were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Resulting data were analyzed with open and axial coding.Results:The sample consisted of 60 employees composing 9 focus groups. Although time was the most common barrier between both groups, white-collars workers responded that scheduling and work conflicts were the most common barrier concerning time. Blue-collar workers indicated shift work as their most common barrier. In addition, health was a significant enabling factor for both occupational categories. White-collar workers were much more concerned with appearances and were more highly motivated by weight loss and the hopefulness of quick results than were blue-collar workers.Conclusions:These findings are important in the understanding of PA as it relates to the reasoning behind participation in work-site programs in regard to occupational status.
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LUSK, SALLY LECHLITNER, MADELEINE J. KERR, and DAVID L. RONIS. "Health-Promoting Lifestyles of Blue-Collar, Skilled Trade, and White-Collar Workers." Nursing Research 44, no. 1 (January 1995): 20???24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006199-199501000-00005.

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Abatemarco, Diane J., Cristine D. Delnevo, Mitchel Rosen, B. Louise Weidner, and Audrey R. Gotsch. "Medical Surveillance Practices of Blue Collar and White Collar Hazardous Waste Workers." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 37, no. 5 (May 1995): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199505000-00005.

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Hassink, W. H. J., R. D. Huigen, and Z. Zeelenberg. "Sampling errors and the substitution between white-collar and blue-collar workers." Applied Economics Letters 1, no. 10 (October 1994): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135048594357925.

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Soresina, Marco. "White-collar workers in Milan: c. 1880–1915." Social History 46, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2021.1892302.

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Dymock, Darryl, Stephen Billett, Helen Klieve, Greer Cavallaro Johnson, and Gregory Martin. "Mature age ‘white collar’ workers’ training and employability." International Journal of Lifelong Education 31, no. 2 (April 2012): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2012.663807.

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LIU, Xinxin, Kazuyuki IWAKIRI, and Midori SOTOYAMA. "White-collar workers’ hemodynamic responses during working hours." Industrial Health 55, no. 4 (2017): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2016-0183.

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Reineke, Steven, and Susan C. "White-collar Workers Set Up For Back Pain." Back Letter 4, no. 6 (April 1990): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00130561-199004000-00007.

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Morishima, Motohiro. "Union loyalty among white-collar workers in Japan." Journal of Organizational Behavior 16, no. 6 (1995): 609–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.4030160608.

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Rombaut, Evy, and Marie-Anne Guerry. "Determinants of voluntary turnover: A data-driven analysis for blue and white collar workers." Work 69, no. 3 (July 16, 2021): 1083–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-213538.

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BACKGROUND: There is a growing interest in HR-analytics because of its ability to analyze employee behavior based on HR data. Predicting voluntary turnover of employees is an important topic of study, both in academia and industry. OBJECTIVE: The current study analyzes determinants for turnover, distinguishing between blue and white collar workers. The turnover analyses are based on a dataset from a payroll company, in contrary to previous turnover studies that used survey and interview data. METHODS: The studied dataset contains demographic and work specific factors for more than 380000 employees in 15692 Belgian corporations. Logistic regression is used to estimate individual turnover probabilities, the goodness of the model is tested with the AUC method. RESULTS: The study confirms turnover determinants and differences between blue and white collar workers that were described in previous work based on survey and interview data. Additionally, the study exposes so far unstudied turnover determinants and differences between blue and white collar workers. Confirmed determinants are among others age, seniority, pay and work distance. New determinants are company car, meal vouchers, night work and sickness. Different relationships to turnover are revealed for blue and white collar workers based on gender, number of children, nationality and pay. CONCLUSIONS: The presented dataset-based approach has its merit in analyzing turnover: it enables to study actual turnover instead of turnover intentions, and reveals new turnover determinants and differences between blue and white collar workers.
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Fan, Xiaoqing, and Huan Chen. "To See and to Be Seen." International Journal of Interactive Communication Systems and Technologies 4, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicst.2014010101.

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In recent years, microblogging has gained enormous popularity in China, especially among urban professional workers. This phenomenological study investigates how white-collar workers in China experience microblogging and how they perceive the impact of microblogging on their lives. Twenty in-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted in Beijing and Qingdao with young white-collar professionals who are active users of Sina Weibo and Tencent Weibo. The analysis revealed that by engaging in microblogging activities workers can increase their social capital. In addition, the results suggested that through microblogs white-collar professional users can not only increase their social capital at the individual level but also enhance it at the collective level. The authors conclude that information sharing and social interaction enabled through microblogging platforms empower Chinese white-collar workers and strengthen their social capital.
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Karlsson, Martin, Thomas Denk, and Joachim Åström. "Perceptions of organizational culture and value conflicts in information security management." Information & Computer Security 26, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-08-2017-0058.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the occurrence of value conflicts between information security and other organizational values among white-collar workers. Further, analyzes are conducted of the relationship between white-collar workers’ perceptions of the culture of their organizations and value conflicts involving information security. Design/methodology/approach Descriptive analyses and regression analyses were conducted on survey data gathered among two samples of white-collar workers in Sweden. Findings Value conflicts regarding information security occur regularly among white-collar workers in the private and public sectors and within different business sectors. Variations in their occurrence can be understood partly as a function of employees’ work situations and the sensitivity of the information handled in the organization. Regarding how perceived organizational culture affects the occurrence of value conflicts, multivariate regression analysis reveals that employees who perceive their organizations as having externally oriented, flexible cultures experience value conflicts more often. Research limitations/implications The relatively low share of explained variance in the explanatory models indicates the need to identify alternative explanations of the occurrence of value conflicts regarding information security. Practical implications Information security managers need to recognize that value conflicts occur regularly among white-collar workers in different business sectors, more often among workers in organizations that handle sensitive information, and most often among white-collar workers who perceive the cultures of their organizations as being externally oriented and flexible. Originality/value The study addresses a gap in the information security literature by contributing to the understanding of value conflicts between information security and other organizational values. This study has mapped the occurrence of value conflicts regarding information security among white-collar professionals and shows that the occurrence of value conflicts is associated with work situation, information sensitivity and perceived organizational culture.
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Anggara, Valerie Febrina. "Perceived Meaning on McDonalds’ Happy Meal® Promotional Videos by Blue and White Collar Workers in Surabaya." K@ta Kita 6, no. 2 (November 16, 2018): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/katakita.6.2.224-229.

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This study observes the perceived meanings of McDonalds’ Happy Meal®promotional videos produced by two different social classes of workers, which are White and Blue Collar workers as respondents. After finding out what the perceived meanings are from the respondents, writer proceeds on to the analyzing process in order to find out the differences between White and Blue Collar respondents’ perceived meanings. The study uses descriptive qualitative approach to explain the meaning of qualitative material in a more systematic way. The writer concludes that white collar respondents tend to prioritize pride, prestige and esteem. Meanwhile, blue collar respondents tend to prioritize their primary needs and responsibilities before spending on secondary needs.
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Avery, Tamlyn. "Passing as White Collar: The Black Typewriter and the Bureaucratization of the Racial Imaginary." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 139, no. 1 (January 2024): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812923001177.

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AbstractThe typewriter—the machine and the human operator at the nadir of the white-collar hierarchy—became associated with white female workers in the American racial imaginary. Although the color line deterred Black applicants from that side of the collar line, the Black typewriter as a literary type came to salience between 1886 and 1930, disrupting what I call the “bureaucratization of the racial imaginary”: the process whereby the exclusionary white middle-class tenets underpinning the bureaucratized office both regulated and were also informed by the imaginative possibilities of race, gender, and labor. Tracing the Black typewriter from Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins and Charles W. Chesnutt to Jean Toomer and Dorothy West, I reveal how these authors construed white-collar identity as a form of racial passing, requiring the worker's acceptance of racial and sexual segregation. Their innovative narratives about passing as white collar foregrounded the Black typewriter's unsettling experiences inside that system, challenging the theory that economic uplift would inherently promote racial and sexual equality.
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Kamp, Tamara, Maaike G. J. Gademan, Sander K. R. van Zon, Rob G. H. H. Nelissen, Thea P. M. Vliet Vlieland, Martin Stevens, and Sandra Brouwer. "Time to return to work by occupational class after total hip or knee arthroplasty." Bone & Joint Journal 105-B, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.105b9.bjj-2023-0190.r1.

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AimsFor the increasing number of working-age patients undergoing total hip or total knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA), return to work (RTW) after surgery is crucial. We investigated the association between occupational class and time to RTW after THA or TKA.MethodsData from the prospective multicentre Longitudinal Leiden Orthopaedics Outcomes of Osteoarthritis Study were used. Questionnaires were completed preoperatively and six and 12 months postoperatively. Time to RTW was defined as days from surgery until RTW (full or partial). Occupational class was preoperatively assessed and categorized into four categories according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008 (blue-/white-collar, high-/low-skilled). Cox regression analyses were conducted separately for THA and TKA patients. Low-skilled blue-collar work was used as the reference category.ResultsA total of 360 THA and 276 TKA patients, preoperatively employed, were included. Patients were mainly high-skilled (THA 57%; TKA 41%) or low-skilled (THA 24%; TKA 38%) white-collar workers. Six months post-THA, RTW rates were 78% of low-skilled blue-collar workers compared to 83% to 86% within other occupational classes, increasing after 12 months to 87% to 90% in all occupational classes. Six months post-TKA, RTW rates were 58% of low-skilled and 64% of high-skilled blue-collar workers compared to 80% to 89% of white-collar workers, and after 12 months 79% of low-skilled blue-collar workers compared to 87% to 92% within other occupational classes. High-skilled white-collar workers (THA: hazard ratio (HR) 2.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32 to 3.40); TKA: HR 2.31 (95% CI 1.34 to 4.00)) and low-skilled white-collar workers (TKA: HR 1.82 (95% CI 1.04 to 3.18)) had a higher hazard to RTW within six months postoperatively.ConclusionClear differences existed in time to RTW among both THA and TKA patients in each of the groups studied. These findings may help guide tailored patient-specific information during preoperative consultation and advice postoperatively, as well as to create awareness among workers and their employers.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(9):977–984.
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Chelliah, John. "Will artificial intelligence usurp white collar jobs?" Human Resource Management International Digest 25, no. 3 (May 8, 2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hrmid-11-2016-0152.

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Purpose This paper highlights the risks faced by white-collar workers resulting from advances in artificial intelligence (AI). Design/methodology/approach This paper explores recent research and expert opinion on the evolution of AI and its encroachment on white-collar jobs. Findings This paper reveals susceptibility of white-collar jobs to AI. Practical implications This paper guides HR practitioners in advising management on the possible deployment of AI to enhance productivity and the resultant impact in the roles that employees perform. Social implications This study draws attention to the risks associated with the deployment of AI and as a consequence the loss of white-collar jobs. Originality/value This study raises the issue of how AI could disrupt the workplace by usurping white-collar jobs and creates awareness of the need for people in vulnerable white-collar jobs to re-think their careers and for HR practitioners to manage the change that this disruption will bring.
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Wen, Ping, Jiting Zhang, and Suhong Zhou. "Social Group Differences in Influencing Factors for Chinese Urban Residents’ Subjective Well-Being: From the Perspective of Social Stratification." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 31, 2022): 9409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159409.

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With the great pressure of modern social life, the problem of residents’ subjective well-being has attracted scholars’ attention. Against the background of institutional transformation, China has a special social stratification structure. The socio-economic resources and living needs of different social classes are different, resulting in differences in the level of subjective well-being and the influencing factors for this. Taking Guangzhou as an example, based on the data of a household survey conducted in 2016, this paper obtains the social hierarchical structure through two-step clustering, and explores the differences between influencing factors for subjective well-being using multiple linear regression models. The clustering results divided Guangzhou urban residents into four classes: retirees, white-collar workers outside the system, manual workers and white-collar workers inside the system. The subjective well-being of white-collar workers inside the system and manual workers is high. The subjective well-being of white-collar workers outside the system is below the average value, and retirees have poor subjective well-being. The results of the regression analysis show that the subjective well-being of all social classes could be improved by active participation in fitness exercises, harmonious neighborhood relationships and a central residential location. Health-related factors such as physical health, sleeping time and density of neighborhood medical facilities, have a significant impact on manual workers’ subjective well-being. An increase in the density of neighborhood leisure facilities could help to improve the subjective well-being of white-collar workers outside the system. However, this would inhibit the subjective well-being of white-collar workers within the system. By revealing the differences in influencing factors for different social groups’ subjective well-being, the research conclusions could provide a reference for the formulation of targeted policies and measures to improve residents’ subjective well-being in urban China.
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ALCAN, Veysel, and Caner DOĞRU. "Assessment of the Health Complaints among White-Collar and Blue-Collar Workers Using the Electronic Health Records." Karaelmas İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Dergisi 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33720/kisgd.1188839.

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Electronic health records (EHRs) are a useful tool to determine the causes and trends of work-related diseases in terms of periodic check-ups or emergency interventions at the workplace. To detect and prevent work-related diseases, EHRs could be important determinants for assessing interactions between health complaints and work-related factors. This study aimed to address the prevalence of diseases that cause potentially work-related diseases and the relationship between blue-collar/white-collar work status, by using EHRs. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and demographic data from EHRs (46 white-collar and 94 blue-collar) by using descriptive and correlation statistic tests. We found that type 2 diabetes, influenza, acute pharyngitis, and liver fat had a higher prevalence among blue-collar workers while urinary infection and myalgia had a higher prevalence among white-collar workers. The work status had a very weak positive correlation with type 2 diabetes (r=0.236, p=0.005) and had a very weak negative correlation with myalgia (r=-0.167, p=0.048) and urinary infection (r= -0.248, p= 0.003). Consequently, the present study provided that the work status and EHRs are important determinants for assessing interactions between health complaints and work-related factors that were attributable to specific work status such as blue-collar and white-collar.
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Trzmiel, Tomasz, Anna Pieczyńska, Ewa Zasadzka, and Mariola Pawlaczyk. "Respiratory Function and Muscle Strength Vs. Past Work Type: a Cross-Sectional Study Among Retirees." Canadian Geriatrics Journal 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5770/cgj.24.501.

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Objectives The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the effects of past occupational activity on muscle strength and respiratory function among retirees. Methods A total of 205 community-dwelling older adults participated in the study. Age (≥60 years) and cessation of professional activity (retirement) constituted the inclusion criteria. The International Standardized Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) was used to stratify the participants into white-or blue-collar groups. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume (FEV) in the first second, inspiratory vital capacity (IVC) parameters, and hand grip strength were tested. Results Statistically significant differences in IVC and FVC scores were found in white- and blue-collar workers after adjusting for sex and age (ANCOVA). White-collar men had significantly higher IVC as compared to blue-collar men. Conclusions Blue-collar male workers may be prone to deteriorating respiratory function in older age. It is vital to promote physical activity and educate blue-collar workers about the need to use respiratory protective equipment.
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Feng, Peiyun. "Exploring the Factors Influencing the Life Satisfaction of White-collar Workers in China." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 27, no. 1 (November 10, 2023): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/27/20231264.

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The current social economy is in a downturn because of the epidemic, and quality of life has been lowered for residents. The white-collar group is a significant group in the labor market, so it is necessary to take the white-collar group as a research object. To explore the underlying causes of life satisfaction among Chinese white-collar groups, this study uses the qualitative research method of in-depth interviews. It aims to identify the deep reasons behind life satisfaction of white-collar groups. In addition, it can also serve as background data for the policy practice dimension of improving residents' life quality and social welfare. In addition, it can complement the deficiencies of the current qualitative research on life satisfaction. Based on the interview content and analysis, this paper divides the influencing factors into five themes namely: Salary and financial security, education and self-knowledge, environmental safety and trust, stability of interpersonal networks and pressure relief, family models and self-consistency.
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Kawasaki, Yurika, Naoko Nishitani, and Hisataka Sakakibara. "Factors associated with depressive symptoms in blue-collar and white-collar male workers." SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI 57, no. 4 (2015): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/sangyoeisei.b14011.

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Huang, Chun-Che, Wen-Feng Lee, Ching-Hsueh Yeh, Chiang-Hsing Yang, and Yu-Tung Huang. "Comparison of Labor and Delivery Complications and Delivery Methods Between Physicians and White-Collar Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 19, 2020): 5212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145212.

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To evaluate labor and delivery complications and delivery modes between physicians and white-collar workers in Taiwan, this retrospective population-based study used data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. We compared 1530 physicians aged 25 to 50 years old who worked and had singleton births between 2007 and 2013 with 3060 white-collar workers matched by age groups, groups of monthly insured payroll-related premiums, previous cesarean delivery, perinatal history anemia, and gestational diabetes mellitus. The logistic regression models were used to assess the labor and delivery complications between the two groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that physicians had a significantly higher risk of placenta previa (odds ratio (OR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.69) and other malpresentation (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.45–2.39) than white-collar workers, whereas they had a significantly lower risk of placental abruption (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.40–0.71), preterm delivery (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61–0.92), and premature rupture of membranes (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.59–0.88). Increased risks of some adverse labor and delivery complications were observed among physicians, when compared to white-collar workers. These findings suggest that working women should take preventative action to manage occupational risks during pregnancy.
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Matthews, Michael D., and Charles N. Weaver. "Comparison of Perceived Job Security of College Professors versus White-Collar and Blue-Collar Workers." Psychological Reports 79, no. 2 (October 1996): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.79.2.367.

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This study compared perceived job security of 61 college professors with those of 3,442 other white-collar workers and 2,583 blue-collar workers using the 1972–1994 General Social Surveys as the database. Analysis indicated the college professors express greater security in their jobs, being less likely to think they would lose their jobs in the next year, and being more confident about finding a comparable job, if forced to do so.
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Xie, Xiaohuan, Hanzhi Zhou, Zhonghua Gou, and Ming Yi. "Spatiotemporal Patterns of the Use of Green Space by White-Collar Workers in Chinese Cities: A Study in Shenzhen." Land 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101006.

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White-collar workers, with tremendous work pressure, excessive working hours, and poor physical condition, need green spaces not only to have physical exercise and social gatherings, but also to become closer to nature and to relieve stress for their mental health. In China, the 996 office schedule, working from 09:00 to 17:00 six days a week, has become popular in the workplace; under such high-intensity work and pressure, white-collar workers have limited time to access green space for leisure, and their use of green space for health benefits is compromised. This study selected Shenzhen Futian Central Business District to find out the green space use patterns and preferences of white-collar workers based on GPS data and questionnaire surveys. In addition, the value of green exposure in the time dimension was calculated according to individuals’ actual behaviors. Based on cluster analysis, this study summarized the typical green space use patterns of three groups of white-collar workers, which reflects the hidden inequity of white-collar groups who are subjected to varying degrees of spatiotemporal constraints in using green space. This paper puts forward three directions for the optimization of green space allocation, functional facilities, and improved walkability in employment-intensive urban areas. The results provide certain guiding significance for alleviating the mismatch of time and space in green space enjoyment and for improving the spatiotemporal inclusiveness of green spaces in urban central business districts.
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Ostan, Iztok, Borut Poljšak, and Eva Podovšovnik Axelsson. "Occupational Stress Perception and Healthy Lifestyle in Railroad Workers." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 23, no. 3 (June 28, 2011): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v23i3.123.

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A survey was performed in 2008 on a representative stratified sample of 245 railroad employees in Slovenia (168 blue-collar and 77 white-collar workers) with the aim of exploring different dimensions of workers’ lifestyle health. For this purpose a special questionnaire was developed. The intensity of perceived job stress was measured with one general index based on a 4-point ordinal scale. There were 54.3% of employees who perceived their work as stressful or very stressful. No significant differences between blue- and white-collar workers were found. Twenty-six dimensions of lifestyle were measured. There were 66.9% of interviewed employees who were found to be overweight or obese (BMI 25 or higher). Differences in lifestyle between blue- and white-collar workers were not significant at the level of 0.05, except for some dimensions: blue-collar workers spend more time in the open air and sunlight and consume lunch as the main meal more regularly. In general, lifestyle was not confirmed as statistically significant (at 0.05 level) moderator of perceived job stress, explaining just 11% of variance. However, there are some dimensions that are significantly (P
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