Relevant bibliographies by topics / White cast-iron

Academic literature on the topic 'White cast-iron'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "White cast-iron"

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Sukhanov, Dmitry, Leonid Arhangelskiy, Natalya Plotnikova, Larisa Sukhanova, and Aleksandr Golikov. "White Cast Iron Plastic Deformation." Metal Working and Material Science, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2017-4-43-54.

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Eiselstein, Lawrence E., and Robert D. Caligiuri. "Particulate Composites of White Cast Iron." Materials Science Forum 426-432 (August 2003): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.426-432.895.

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Li, Y. X., Z. L. Liu, and X. Chen. "Development of boron white cast iron." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 21, no. 1-4 (August 2008): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136404608x361684.

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Park, J. S., and J. D. Verhoeven. "Directional solidification of white cast iron." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 27, no. 8 (August 1996): 2328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02651887.

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Yen, Chien Lung, Fu Je Chen, and Yung Ning Pan. "Research on the Wear Resistance of High-Chromium White Cast Iron and Multi-Component White Cast Iron." Advanced Materials Research 859 (December 2013): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.859.64.

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The pin-on-disk wear test and solid particle erosion test were used to investigate the wear resistance property of both high chromium white cast iron and multi-component white cast iron with optimal alloy compositions and heat treatment conditions. Experimental results indicate that a linear relationship between the wear lose and the testing time exists for high chromium white cast irons. Apparent scratch grooves and sheared pits appeared on the specimen surface. Subsurface observations found pit depths of some 4.5~8.0 mm. Crack propagation routes were clearly visible along the martensitic grain boundaries for alloys in the as-quenched state. Tempering treatment increases the toughness of the alloy, resulting in an increase in the resistance to crack formation. On the other hand, the multi-component white cast irons exhibited a non-linear relationship between the wear lose and the testing time. Relatively shallow scratches were found on the specimen surface, and pit depths of about 4.0 mm were observed through subsurface observations. Tempering at 570°C caused a reduction in hardness of the alloy, and therefore, the fracture mode tends to be ductile. As a result, deformation only occurred in crater regions with no clear evidence of spreading.
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Otsubo, Fumitaka, Kousuke Matsuki, Hidenori Era, and Hidenori Kuroki. "Columnar Ferrite Structure in Cast Iron Formed by Decarburization of White Cast Iron." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 59, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 1326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.f-m2018822.

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Солдатов, Валерий, Valeriy Soldatov, Дмитрий Илюшкин, Dmitriy Ilyushkin, Олег Петраков, and Oleg Petrakov. "INVESTIGATION OF WHITE ALLOYED CAST IRON DUCTILITY." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2019, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/article_5c652633961a58.10645526.

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Turakhodjaev, Nodir Djakhongirovich, Nosir Muysinalievich Saidmakhamadov, Ruslan Samadovich Zokirov, Furkat Umarbekovich Odilov, and Kamola Utkurovna Tashkhodjaeva. "ANALYSIS OF DEFECTS IN WHITE CAST IRON." Theoretical & Applied Science 86, no. 06 (June 30, 2020): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2020.06.86.125.

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Chatterjee, S., M. K. Banerjee, and A. K. Seal. "Graphitization in hot forged white cast iron." Materials Science and Technology 3, no. 8 (August 1987): 674–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mst.1987.3.8.674.

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da Silva, C. R. S., and M. Boccalini. "Thermal cracking of multicomponent white cast iron." Materials Science and Technology 21, no. 5 (May 2005): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328405x21012.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "White cast-iron"

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Crepeau, Paul Noles. "Crack propagation in high chromium white cast iron." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11182.

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Armitage, Kelly, and n/a. "Laser assisted machining of high chromium white cast-iron." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070214.155302.

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Laser-assisted machining has been considered as an alternative for difficult-to-machine materials such as metallic alloys and ceramics. Machining of some materials such as high chromium alloys and high strength steels is still a delicate and challenging task. Conventional machines or computer numerical control (CNC) machines and cutting tools cannot adapt easily to such materials and induce very high costs for operations of rough machining or finishing. If laser-assisted machining can be implemented successfully for such materials, it will offer several advantages over the traditional methods including longer tool life, shorter machining time and reduced overall costs. This thesis presents the results of the research conducted on laser assisted machining of hard to wear materials used in making heavy duty mineral processing equipment for the mining industry. Experimental set up using a high power Nd:YAG laser beam attached to a lathe has been developed to machine these materials using cubic boron nitride (CBN) based cutting tools. The laser beam was positioned so that it was heating a point on the surface of the workpiece directly before it passed under the cutting tool. Cutting forces were measured during laser assisted machining and were compared to those measured during conventional machining. Results from the experiments show that with the right cutting parameters and laser beam position, laser assisted machining results in a reduction in cutting forces compared to conventional machining. A mathematical thermal model was used to predict temperatures within the workpiece at depths under the laser beam spot. The model was used to determine the effect of various cutting and laser parameters on the temperature profile within the workpiece. This study shows that laser assisted machining of hard to wear materials such as high chromium white cast iron shows potential as a possible economical alternative to conventional machining methods. Further research is needed before it can be introduced in industry as an alternative to conventional machining.
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Armitage, Kelly. "Laser assisted machining of high chromium white cast-iron." Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20070214.155302/index.html.

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Thesis (MEng) - Swinburne University of Technology, Industrial Research Institute Swinburne - 2006.
A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Engineering by Research, Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology - 2006. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-116).
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Gieseke, Brian G. "Observations on the fracture of hypoeutectic, high chromium white cast irons." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19967.

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Kambakas, Kyriakos. "Development of white cast iron matrix composites by sedimentation sand casting." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2006. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843688/.

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In the work that is described in this thesis we studied a new cast iron based composite material that was produced by a double casting technique using sedimentation sand casting. The material is based on the high Cr white cast irons (WCI) 15, 20 % Cr-Mo- LC and 25 % Cr matrixes, according to ASTM A532-75a and was designed to exceed the wear life of wear resistant materials that are used in cement, mining, coal extraction and chemical and process industries currently. The working region of the material extends to a depth of 5-8 mm below the surface and is an in situ and ex situ particle reinforced composite. WC particles of different sizes (1-3 and 3-5 mm) were selected as the ex situ reinforcements. Thus, the composite consisted of a WCI matrix, which was reinforced with WC and other transition metal carbide particles. A sand casting method was developed during which the WC particles were directed to a specific location in the ingot and were distributed uniformly in the near surface area of the composite (the working region of the material) during casting/solidification of the ingot. This ensured chemical bonding between the high Cr WCI and the particle reinforced composite (the working region) at a well defined interface parallel to the working surface. Solidification of the melt started from the WC particles around which three reaction zones were formed. Owing to partial dissolution of the WC particles and the resulting interdiffusion of elements such as W, Co, Fe, C and Cr, carbides containing Fe, Cr, W and Co were formed in the reaction zones. It is shown that current models for the interaction between a reinforcing particle and an advancing S/L interface in liquid route MMCs cannot describe the present case successfully because the solidification of the melt starts around the WC particles after the latter have settled in the near surface region of the casting. Two new approaches have been studied; in the first the WC particles travel through the iron melt and settle at the bottom of the mould and in the second WC particles settled at the bottom of the mould experience the forces of the liquid flow. The solidification paths of the three WCI matrixes and MMCs have been simulated with the Scheil-Gulliver model using the Thermo-Calc software for different iron based alloy systems, by changing the W, Cr and C concentrations. In the WCI, carbides solidify after the austenite. The increase in Cr from 14 to 25 wt. %, for fixed C (at 2, 2.5 or 3 wt. %), causes the stabilization of phases according to cementite M7C3 FCC (stable). Only for Cr up to 30 wt. % and C up to 2.5 wt. % the cementite is replaced by the BCC phase. The increase in C content from 2 to 3 wt. % for fixed Cr (at 14, 20 or 25 wt. %) has the same effect. In the MMC, the increase in W from 15 to 25 wt. % causes the stabilization of M6C. As the C increases from 2.5 to 6 wt. %, first the M7C3 is stabilised and for C > 4 wt. % the MC phase is favoured. The increase in Cr leads in the formation of the M23C6 while simultaneous increase in Cr and C promotes the M7C3 phase and restrains the formation of the M6C that resulted from the increase of W. Finally the simultaneous increase of C, W and Cr stabilize the MC phase for > 4 wt. % C. The wear of the new materials was evaluated both in an industrial scale and in the laboratory (pin-on-disc). Segments of an industrial pulverising ash mill used in the cement industry were manufactured using the casting method and materials developed in this thesis. The results showed an improvement in the wear life of the component of several times compared to the standard high Cr WCI material used by the same industry to date.
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Xu, Hanchang. "An assessment of corrosion and erosion-corrosion behaviour of austenitic cast iron and surface coatings for pump applications." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1159.

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Silva, Joélson Vieira da. "Estudo da influência do tratamento térmico de austenitização seguida de resfriamento ao ar forçado na resistência ao desgaste abrasivo do ferro fundido branco ASTM A532 II D." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/170956.

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O objetivo desta pesquisa é realizar um estudo sobre o desgaste abrasivo do ferro fundido branco alto cromo de acordo com a norma ASTM A532 II D, submetidas à diferentes faixas de temperatura de austenitização, decompondo a faixa de 950 a 1.150 ºC, amplamente usada nas fundições, em intervalos de 50 ºC. Esta liga foi escolhida para estudo em virtude de sua extensa aplicação na indústria de mineração, possuindo como principal característica a utilização em revestimentos de moinhos e martelos de britadores, onde a resistência ao desgaste abrasivo é exigida. Os corpos de prova foram caracterizados através de análise química, dureza, e estrutura metalográfica, avaliando as mudanças na microestrutura, e consequentemente, alterações nas propriedades de resistência ao desgaste abrasivo do material. Na avaliação das amostras, foi utilizada a microscopia ótica e, para simular a condição de desgaste abrasivo, determinando a perda de massa, foi empregando o abrasômetro do tipo roda de borracha, seguindo a norma ASTM G65. Os testes práticos demostraram que o ciclo de temperatura é uma etapa importante na determinação da dureza, que por sua vez, é uma característica fundamental à resistência ao desgaste abrasivo, visto que para o material estudado, quanto maior a dureza, maior foi a resistência ao desgaste abrasivo.
The objective of this research is to perform a study on the abrasive wear of high chromium white cast iron according to ASTM A532 II D, submitted to different austenitizing temperatures, in the range of 950 to 1150 ºC with 50 ºC steps, widely used in foundries. This alloy was chosen for study because of its extensive application in the mining industry, having as main characteristic the use in mill and hammer coatings of crushers where abrasive wear resistance is required. The specimens were characterized by chemical analysis, hardness, and metallographic analysis, evaluating the changes in the microstructure, and consequently changes in the abrasive wear properties of the material. In the evaluation of the samples, optical microscopy was used and, to simulate the abrasive wear condition, determining the mass loss, the rubber wheel type abrasive test was used, following the ASTM G65 standard. The practical tests demonstrated that the temperature cycle is an important step in determining the hardness, which in turn is a fundamental characteristic to the abrasive wear resistance, since for the material studied, the higher the hardness, the higher the resistance to abrasive wear.
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Farah, Alessandro Fraga. "Desenvolvimento de uma liga de ferro fundido branco alto cromo com nióbio, tratada termicamente, para resistência ao desgaste abrasivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-14092016-164116/.

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No presente trabalho são relatados os resultados obtidos através de tratamentos térmicos e de ensaios de abrasão, em uma liga de ferro fundido branco alto cromo contendo nióbio, obtida por fundição. Os tratamentos térmicos de têmpera foram efetuados nas temperaturas de 950, 1000, 1050 e 1100ºC e o meio de resfriamento utilizado foi o ar soprado. Os tratamentos de revenidos foram efetuados nas temperaturas de 450, 500 e 550ºC. A liga no estado termicamente tratado foi comparada, nos ensaios de abrasão, com ligas comerciais utilizadas como revestimento duro por soldagem em peças desgastadas. Os ensaios de abrasão do tipo pino sobre lixa. Adicionalmente, também foram efetuados estudos de caracterização microestrutural para a identificação das diferentes fases presentes nas ligas. De maneira geral, a liga estudada apresentou as melhores taxas de desgaste para os tratamentos térmicos que resultaram em maiores durezas e o seu desempenho foi superior ao das ligas comerciais.
This work presents the heat treatments and abrasion tests results of a wnite cast iron with niobium alloy. The hardening heat treatment were made from 950, 1000, 1050 and 1100°C temperatures cooled by forced air. The tempering treatment were made at 450, 500 and 550°C temperatures. The heat treating alloy were compared, in the abrasive tests, with commercial alloys used as hardfacing by welding process in wear pieces. The abrasion tests was realized in pin on disk test. Additional tests were carried out for microstructural characterization to identify the differents phases presents in the alloys. In a general way, the alloy studied showed the best wear rate for the heat treatments that resulted in higher hardness. Its performance was superior than that of the commercial alloys.
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Ogata, Paulo Henrique. "Compósitos ferro-grafita para componentes de motores com propriedades tribológicas melhoradas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-16112015-155422/.

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A constante busca por motores com maior eficiência energética, requer a introdução de novos materiais ou inovações nas rotas de fabricação dos materiais existentes. O presente trabalho busca, a partir de rotas de tratamento térmico, soluções para minimizar o desgaste originado no contato entre corpos metálicos em componentes submetidos a altas pressões de contato em regime lubrificado. A modificação microestrutural a partir de tratamentos térmicos originou matriz martensítica relativamente dura com uma dispersão refinada de nódulos esféricos de grafita, que atuariam como lubrificantes sólidos. O estudo baseou-se em dois ferros fundidos (cinzento e branco) submetidos a tratamentos de austenitização seguidos de tempera em óleo e revenimento em diferentes tempos. Ensaios de dilatometria foram efetuados nos dois materiais para estudar a cinética de grafitização secundaria sob diferentes condições de tratamento térmico. As propriedades mecânicas foram avaliadas por medidas de dureza Vickers das amostras tratadas termicamente. Amostras de ferro fundido cinzento e de branco modificado por tratamentos térmicos foram ensaiadas em teste de desgaste por deslizamento, com intuito de avaliar a influência de modificações na superfície no coeficiente de atrito.
The constant search for engines with higher energy efficiency requires the development of new materials or manufacturing innovations on the routes of existing materials. In the present work, heat treatment routs were investigated to minimize wear originated at the contact between metallic bodies into components subjected to high contact pressures in lubricated regime. Microstructural modification from heat treatments yielded relatively hard martensitic matrix with a fine dispersion of spherical graphite nodules, which act as solid lubricants. The study was based on two cast iron (gray and white) undergoing treatments of soaking (austenitizing) followed by quenching in oil and tempering at different times. Dilatometry tests were performed on both materials to study the kinetics of secondary graphitization under different heat treatment conditions. Mechanical properties were evaluated from Vickers hardness of the thermally treated samples. Samples of gray cast iron and white modified by heat treatments were tested in sliding wear test, in order to assess the influence of changes in the surface friction coefficient.
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Santos, Fellipe Cros dos. "Avaliação da influência do teor de cromo e do tratamento térmico de desestabilização da austenita na dureza e resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de ferros fundidos brancos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/178408.

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As ligas de ferro fundido branco alto cromo (FFBAC) da norma ASTM A-532 são comumente utilizadas em peças que necessitam de elevada resistência ao desgaste. Tal escolha acontece devido à elevada dureza apresentada por tais materiais, o que propicia maior vida útil dos componentes. Entretanto, uma vez que o teor de cromo utilizado nos FFBAC possui grande influência no custo das peças, é importante garantir que os tratamentos térmicos (TOTO’s) aplicados estejam otimizados para cada composição de liga. Buscando atuar nesse sentido, esta dissertação analisou a utilização de diferentes tempos e temperaturas de patamar em TOTO’s de desestabilização da austenita para duas ligas da norma ASTM A-532 (ligas com 20% e 25%Cr). Após tais procedimentos, foram estudadas a dureza e a resistência ao desgaste, tanto para algumas das amostras tratadas quanto para seis amostras de FFBAC fornecidas por diversas fundições nacionais. Os resultados demonstraram a existência de uma temperatura que otimiza a dureza da liga, possibilitando incrementos desta propriedade nas amostras tratadas em valores de até 37% (considerando a dureza inicial na condição “bruto de fusão”). Com relação ao tempo de patamar, verificou-se que o mesmo apresentou pouca influência no incremento de dureza, apresentando variações máximas inferiores à 4% para tratamentos variando entre 30 minutos à 6 horas de duração, resultado que destoou daquele indicado pela literatura. Além disso, verificou-se que uma liga com 19,6 %Cr pode apresentar uma dureza até 11% maior do que o verificado para ligas comerciais Nesta comparação, apesar da liga comercial possuir menor teor de carbono, ficou evidenciado o indicativo de que as peças consideradas neste estudo e oriundas de fundições nacionais não otimizam os resultados de seus TOTO’s. A resistência ao desgaste, por sua vez, demonstrou não depender apenas da macrodureza das amostras, mas também de outras características como tamanho, distância e continuidade dos carbonetos primários, o que explica a obtenção de resultados similares de perda de massa no ensaio abrasivo para amostras que possuem durezas diferindo em cerca de 12% porém possuindo tamanho de microconstituintes similares. Por fim, observou-se que ligas com maiores teores de cromo e menores teores de carbono apresentam menores valores de dureza e resistência ao desgaste, o que viabiliza uma aplicação com maior vida útil e menor custo.
The high chromium white cast iron alloys from ASTM A-532 are commonly used in parts which wear resistance are required. This choice happens due the great hardness showed by these alloys, what propitiates a higher lifetime for the components. However, since chromium content has great influence in the cost of the parts, it is important ensure that the apply heat treatments are optimized for each alloy composition. Thus this dissertation analyzed the application of different heat treatment cycles on the austenite destabilization for two ASTM A-532 alloys (20%Cr and 25%Cr). After the heat treatment, hardness, wear resistance and microstructure were analyzed, both for some of the treated samples as for six samples provided by different manufactures in Brazil. The results showed the existence of a temperature that optimizes the alloy hardness, allowing increases on this property in values up to 37% (considering the initial hardness of the “as cast” condition) Concerning the time of heat treatment, was verified that this parameter has low influence in the increase on hardness, showing maximum variations lower than 4% in treatments with times coming from thirty minutes until six hours, results that does not match that one’s indicated by the literature. Besides that, it was verified that an alloy with 19,6%Cr can present a hardness 11% greater than that verified in commercial. In this comparation, although the commercial alloy having lower carbon content, was evidenced that the parts from the Brazilians companies which were considered in this study, does not have an optimum heat treatment. The wear resistance was not only depend of the sample hardness, but also of other characteristics as size, distance and continuity of the primary carbides, which explain the results of similar mass loss in the abrasive test for samples with hardness differing about 12%, but with similar size of microconstituents. Finally, it was observed that alloys with higher chromium and low carbon content shows lower hardness and wear resistance values than alloys with low percentages of chromium, what enable an application with larger lifetime and lower cost.
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Book chapters on the topic "White cast-iron"

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Kopyciński, Dariusz. "The Inoculation of White Cast Iron." In TMS2013 Supplemental Proceedings, 601–8. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118663547.ch75.

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Zhang, Guo Shang, Yi Min Gao, Jian Dong Xing, Shi Zhong Wei, and Xi Liang Zhang. "Interfacial Characteristics and Wear Resistance of WCp/White-Cast-Iron Composites." In Advanced Materials Research, 293–96. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-463-4.293.

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Altpeter, I., R. Kern, and P. Höller. "Characterization of Cementite in Steel and White Cast Iron by Micromagnetic Nondestructive Methods." In Nondestructive Characterization of Materials, 606–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84003-6_72.

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Altpeter, I., and P. Holler. "Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation of Cementite in Steel and White Cast Iron by Ferromagnetic Parameters." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1837–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5772-8_236.

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Whelan, Gerald W., and Peter J. Moroz. "An X-Ray Diffraction Procedure for Measuring Retained Austenite in High Chromium White Cast Iron." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis, 315–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2471-3_46.

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Altpeter, I., R. Kern, and M. Lang. "Quantitative Evaluation of Thermally Induced Residual Sttresses in White Cast Iron and Steels with Different Cementite Morphologies." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1649–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5947-4_215.

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Dugic, Izudin. "Effect of Molybdenum Content, Pouring Temperature and Cooling Rate on the Casting Defects of High Chromium White Cast Iron." In TMS 2017 146th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 475–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51493-2_45.

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Mulaba-Bafubiandi, A. F., F. B. Waanders, and C. Jones. "Retained Austenite Phase in (26.5%Cr, 2.6%C) White Cast Iron Studied by Means of CEMS and Eddy Current." In Industrial Applications of the Mössbauer Effect, 455–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0299-8_49.

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"Heat Treatment of High-Alloy White Cast Irons[1]." In Cast Iron Science and Technology, 275–83. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006305.

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Allison, Penelope M. "Casa del Menandro (I 10,4)." In The Insula of the Menander at Pompeii. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199263127.003.0030.

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To either side of this main entranceway, on the street front, are fixed masonry seats. Such seats have been assumed to have been for waiting clients. However, in Pompeii these seats are not always in front of the largest and most elaborate houses, that is those whose occupants were likely to have had clients. They were therefore likely to have served as a public facility available to anyone, including the house occupants. No loose finds were reported from this entranceway. The only visible sign of possible post-eruption disturbance to the volcanic deposit is a small hole towards the south end of the east wall of this ‘atrium’. However, the hole seems too small to have been the breach made by a post-eruption intruder. Maiuri noted, that the wall decoration of this ‘atrium’ was of a fresh and well-preserved Fourth Style executed after the last transformation of the house. The pavement was in lavapesta. Fixtures here included a central catchment pool (impluvium), revetted in white marble that was damaged either before or during the eruption, and a lararium aedicula in the north-west corner. According to Maiuri, the aedicula was constructed after the last well-preserved wall decoration, but Ling believes they are contemporary. At least forty-five small bronze studs were found in the north-west corner of this area. These had decorated the wooden lattice of the aedicula, now reconstructed in plaster. All the other recorded moveable finds were from the south side of this space. These included: a household storage jar; two clay lamps; bronze and iron fittings, possibly from the closing system for room 8, the so-called ‘tablinum’; and bone fragments probably from a piece of furniture. In the south-west corner were found a large bronze basin and a bronze patera, both of which were conceivably associated with bathing. Contrary to what might be expected, no statuettes of Lares or other representations were found in the lararium aedicula. Maiuri therefore concluded that these must have been made of wood. If this were so, then the excavators, who were able to make a cast of the wooden latticing, would surely also have observed any statuettes inside the aedicula, objects which would seem to have been more important than the latticing.
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Conference papers on the topic "White cast-iron"

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Purwadi, Wiwik, Beny Bandanadjaja, Ari Siswanto, and Dewi Idamayanti. "Spot welding of bimetallic white cast iron-nodular cast iron." In HUMAN-DEDICATED SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT AND PROCESS DESIGN: MATERIALS, RESOURCES, AND ENERGY: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Engineering, Technology, and Industrial Application (ICETIA) 2017. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5042857.

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Wan, J., M. Xu, and J. Qing. "Developing a Graphitic White Cast Iron." In MS&T18. MS&T18, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2018mst/2018/mst_2018_430_437.

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Wan, J., M. Xu, and J. Qing. "Developing a Graphitic White Cast Iron." In MS&T18. MS&T18, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2018/mst_2018_430_437.

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Armitage, Kelly, Syed Masood, and Milan Brandt. "Laser assisted machining of high chromium white cast iron." In PICALO 2004: 1st Pacific International Conference on Laser Materials Processing, Micro, Nano and Ultrafast Fabrication. Laser Institute of America, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5056132.

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Hashemi, Mehdi, and Rahmatollah Ghajar. "Empirical Comparison of Sliding Friction and Wear Behaviors of Gray and White Cast Iron." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24638.

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In this paper, sliding friction and wear behaviors of gray cast iron A35 and white cast iron manufactured by quenching from the same cast iron in water were studied and compared by employing pin-on-disk wear tests. Microstructure of the worn surfaces before and after the wear tests were investigated by optical microscope observations. These images show that flakes separated from the surface in gray cast iron due to delamination process, while in white cast iron, the separation of materials from its surface is in the form of powder. In addition, the gray cast iron had higher graphite volume fraction with Type-A graphite flake morphology. The results show that white cast iron has less rate of wear than gray cast iron due to the higher hardness. However, gray cast iron because of presenting graphite flakes in its surface (lubricant property) has lower average coefficient of friction.
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Betti, Zainab Azeez, and Ali H. Ataiwi. "Mechanical properties of 27Cr- white cast iron subjected to sub-zero heat treatments." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS ENGINEERING & SCIENCE (IConMEAS 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0000126.

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Nurjaman, F., S. Sumardi, A. Shofi, M. Aryati, and B. Suharno. "Effect of molybdenum, vanadium, boron on mechanical properties of high chromium white cast iron in as-cast condition." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FRONTIER OF APPLIED PHYSICS (ISFAP) 2015. AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4941614.

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Canale, L. C. F., A. F. Farah, and O. R. Crnkovic. "The Influence of Heat Treatment on Wear Resistance of High Cr White Cast Iron." In International Off-Highway & Powerplant Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1394.

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Ravi, A. M., and S. M. Murigendrappa. "Wear studies in hard turning of high-chrome white cast iron using ANOVA and RSM techniques." In ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL DESIGN, MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE: Proceeding of the Second International Conference on Design, Materials and Manufacture (ICDEM 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0004412.

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Salwan, G., D. Mishra, and S. Pani. "A neural network approach for selection of Powder Metallurgy process parameter of rapidly solidified white cast iron." In 2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5393758.

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