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Mohd Yusof, Zulkhairi, Md Masum Billah, Kushsairy Kadir, Muhamad Amirul Sunni Bin Rohim Rohim, Haidawati Nasir, M. Izani, and A. Razak. "Design and Analysis of a Smart Blind Stick for Visual Impairment." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i3.pp848-856.
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For a long time, visually impaired person uses a white cane to guide their way when travel outside. The white cane has been useful for the blinds in improving their mobility but unfortunately the white cane has its limitation. One of the shortcomings of the white cane is that, it could only detect the obstacles that are within the contact ranges of the white cane. This problem sometimes could cause the blind person to be in trouble because of insufficient time to detect and warn new obstacles in front of the blind person. This research proposes a walking stick system that has two functions; to classify an obstacles height whether it is low or high and to detect a front hole. The ability to detect the height of an obstacle will help the visually impaired to either step over or avoid the obstacle. The ability to detect a hole should help the visually impaired to avoid it in time. The walking stick will use two ultrasonic sensors for the detection of obstacle height, and a laser sensor for the detection of hole. A controller will be used to monitor and analyze the data from the sensors and feedback to the user through a vibration sensor and buzzer. The algorithm to differentiate the height of obstacles is working well and it is able to differentiate high or low obstacles. The laser ranging sensor has successfully been tested for hole detection. Therefore, the walking stick with ultrasonic and laser sensors will help more visually impaired to move around much faster and feeling more safer due to improved warning system for their movement.
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Dernayka, Aya, Michel-Ange Amorim, Roger Leroux, Lucas Bogaert, and René Farcy. "Tom Pouce III, an Electronic White Cane for Blind People: Ability to Detect Obstacles and Mobility Performances." Sensors 21, no. 20 (October 15, 2021): 6854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206854.
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We present a protocol for evaluating the efficiency of an electronic white cane for improving the mobility of blind people. The electronic cane used during the test is the Tom Pouce III, made of LIDAR sensors (light detection and ranging) with tactile feedback. The protocol comprises two parts. The first part, the “detection test”, evaluates the efficiency of the sensors in the Tom Pouce III for detecting the obstacles found in everyday life (thin and large poles, apertures) under different environmental conditions (darkness, sun light, rain). The second part of the test, the “mobility test”, compares the ability of blind participants to cross a 25 m path by avoiding obstacles with the simple white cane and the electronic cane. The 12 blind participants had between 2 and 20 years of experience of everyday usage of Tom Pouce devices. The results show a significant improvement in the capacity to avoid obstacles with the electronic cane relative to the simple white cane, and there was no speed difference. There was no correlation between the results and the years of experience of the users.
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A. Mousse, Mikaël. "Visually Impaired People Monitoring in a Smart Home using Electronic White Cane." International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 14, no. 03 (June 30, 2022): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcsit.2022.14308.
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The monitoring of visually impaired people is important in order to help them to travel safely. Then, many research works implement some travel aids. The proposed techniques are mostly based on the use of a white cane. This work introduces an electronic white cane based on sensors' technology. The proposed electronic cane helps its user to detect obstacles within two meters on the ground or in height. Once the obstacle is detected, the system sends vocal instructions via a Bluetooth headset to alert the person concerned. The ultrasonic and infrared sensors have been mounted on the white cane in order to provide it with the necessary intelligence. A raspberry pi performs the processing of the data. The proposed system also suggests using a mobile application to track the visually impaired in real-time. This application has a function that allows you to trace the visual patient's route. This is important to detect the possible cause of damage to patients during their travels. We use Python as programming language for electronic devices. The mobile application is Android. Though, the WEB application is a REST API developed using Python and NodeJs. The system is implemented and tested. The result shows the efficacity of the proposed system.
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Agarwal, Pragati, Ankur Gupta, Shivank Garg, and Nirbheek Banga. "An Assistive Mobility Device for the Blind: White Guide." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 5, no. 2 (2017): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.521712.
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Presently, for making human life easier with innovative articles various approaches are being used. Blindness is a characteristic, not a disability or defect. Navigating in an unknown environment poses a great difficulty for the visually challenged people. They are dependent for any type of movement. To overcome this smart product is proposed that can be attached to white cane. White cane will help the user with obstacle detection, real time location tracking of the blind, support intimation in case of emergencies and some voice control features. It consists of various sensors to perceive the environment and give haptic feedbacks. The product connects with an Android application via Bluetooth. The main aim is to provide a reliable, safe, affordable and easy to use navigating tool to ease the lives of visually impaired people.
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Elsonbaty, Amira A. "Smart Blind Stick Design and Implementation." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 5 (June 30, 2021): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.d2535.0610521.
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Technologies are rapidly evolving, allowing people to live healthier and simpler lives. Sightless people are unable to carry out their everyday activities, such as walking down the street, visiting friends or relatives, or doing some other mundane tasks. As a result, the smart stick is a stick that can assist a person in walking safely without fear of colliding with another person or solid objects is proposed as a solution to this major issue. It is a development of the traditional blind stick as it acts as a companion for the blind when walking by sending audio alerts to the blind via a headphone connected to the phone with obstacles (water/walls/stairs / muddy ground) and also enables him to make a phone call to ask for help. EasyEdasoftware was used for designing and simulating electrical circuits, was used to model the electric circuit.This system functions similarly to a white cane in that it assists blind people in scanning their surroundings for obstacles or orientation marks. This system will be mounted on a white cane with an ultrasonic sensor, and a water sensor to detect changes in the environment. Ultrasonic sensors detect obstacles in front of it using ultrasonic wave reflection, water detection sensors detect whether there is a puddle.
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Kamarulbaharin, Z. A., and N. Rahmat. "Influence of Acoustical Absorbing Material on the Obstacle Detection Angle of an Ultrasonic Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 988–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.988.
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Navigation aid is important for the visually impaired person to travel safely. A white cane is normally used to detect obstacles in the persons path but it is limited in its detecting ability as it can only detect obstacles around the length of the cane and is unable to detect moving or overhanging objects. Many types of navigational aids are being developed using ultrasonic sensors to assist the visually impaired to detect obstacles and they are known as Electronic Travel Aids. This paper is focused on studying the influence of acoustical absorbing material on the obstacle detection angle of an ultrasonic sensor. Results showed that a tube lined with acoustical absorbing material attached to the sensor is able to narrow the detection angle for more precise obstacle detection.
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M, Sharmila. "DESIGN OF AN INTELLIGENT ELECTRIC VEHICLE VISUALLY CHALLENGED PERSON." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (May 6, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem33221.
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Blind individuals now utilise a conventional cane to guide them as they go from one location to another. Even though the standard cane is the most widely used aid for the blind today, it is unable to assist them in identifying hazards from various degrees of obstruction. Within this framework, we suggest a novel intelligent system to assist those who are blind or partially sighted. Through the usage of this device, blind persons may walk around with the same confidence and ease as sighted people. The system is connected to a GSM- GPS module in order to pinpoint the blind person's position and create a wireless two-way communication channel. Additionally, it uses ultrasonic sensors to offer direction information and obstacle avoidance information. The system is further enhanced with a vibrator, an accelerometer sensor, and a beeper. The white cane is utilised in conjunction with the compact and lightweight system. The outcomes demonstrated that the blinds utilising this method could move securely and autonomously. Key Words: AT commands, Microcontroller, Short Message Service (SMS), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), and Assistive Technology.
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Sudhakar, Dr R., Dr S. Elango, Arya Surendran, and Gopika Venu. "Reading Assistant for Visually Challenged Peoples with Advance Image Capturing Technique Using Machine Learning." Migration Letters 20, S13 (December 20, 2023): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/ml.v20is13.6467.
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Since blindness prevents a person from learning about their surroundings, it is difficult for them to independently navigate, recognise items, avoid hazards, and read. In this essay, we provide a ground-breaking system for visually impaired people who use assistive technology. The concept incorporates a camera, sensors, and effective image processing algorithms that use Raspberry Pi for object detection and obstacle avoidance. Ultrasonic sensors and the camera both measure the user's distance from the obstruction. The system consists of integrated reading help that first generates an audio response before converting images to text. The complete apparatus is small and light, and it can be easily and inexpensively mounted on a regular pair of eyeglasses. The entire system is affordable, easy to use, and can be attached to a regular pair of eyeglasses. It is also portable and lightweight. Ten people who are completely blind will be used to compare the performance of the suggested device to the traditional white cane. The evaluations are conducted in controlled environments intended to mimic day-to-day activities for blind persons. The findings show that the proposed device provides more accessibility, comfort, and simplicity of navigation for the blind when compared to the white cane.
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Khairani, Fadhilah, Mohamad Solahudin, and Slamet Widodo. "Rapid Analysis of ICUMSA Value of Cane Sugar Using Multi-Channel Spectra Sensor Based-Portable Device." Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 12, no. 3 (December 30, 2024): 409–23. https://doi.org/10.19028/jtep.012.3.409-423.
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One of important quality parameters of white crystal cane sugar is its color measured as ICUMSA (International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis) color value. It is usually measured in laboratory through a complex and lengthy chemical analysis method. To overcome this challenge, this research tries to explore the potential use of multi-channel spectra sensors in UV-VIS-NIR regions as an alternative method to predict the ICUMSA value. The proposed portable device uses a AS7265X sensor as its main component. After that, measurements were made in the laboratory using standard methods as reference data. The result of the prediction with partial least squares (PLS) is R2 = 0,896, RMSEC = 0,072%, RMSEP = 0,103%, CV=26,09% and PRD = 3,10. Multiple linear regression (MLR) predictions are R2= 0,935, RMSEC=0,057%, RMSEP=0,090%, CV=20,64% and RPD = 3,92. The prediction of ICUMSA with an artificial neural network model (ANN) is R2=0,9996, RMSEC=0,004%, RMSEP=0,037%, CV=1,43% and the RPD value is 9,54. This shows that developed PLS, MLR and ANN are able to predict the ICUMA value, with ANN as the best model.
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Nowshin, Nadia, Sakib Shadman, Sakib Shadman, Saha Joy, Saha Joy, Sarker Aninda, Sarker Aninda, Islam Md Minhajul, and Islam Md Minhajul. "An Intelligent Walking Stick for the Visually-Impaired People." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 13, no. 11 (November 22, 2017): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i11.7565.
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Blind stick or white cane is introduced to blind people after the First World War as a mobility tool to detect the obstacles in the path of the user. This paper proposes an Arduino Nano based obstacle finding stick for visually-impaired people, which helps a blind person by detecting the obstacles using Ultrasonic sensors and android mobile application. It is able to inform the blind person about the circumstances & present condition of the path where he/she is walking. The main objective of this paper is to help a blind people to move more freely by using a reliable stick. The device consists of arduino nano, HC SR-04 ultrasonic sensor, HC-05 Bluetooth module, push buttons, 100nF ceramic capacitors and a 9V battery as the power source. And the android app is developed using MIT App Inventor 2.
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Foucault, Julie, Suzanne Lesecq, Gabriela Dudnik, Marc Correvon, Rosemary O’Keeffe, Vincenza Di Palma, Marco Passoni, et al. "INSPEX: Optimize Range Sensors for Environment Perception as a Portable System." Sensors 19, no. 19 (October 8, 2019): 4350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194350.
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Environment perception is crucial for the safe navigation of vehicles and robots to detect obstacles in their surroundings. It is also of paramount interest for navigation of human beings in reduced visibility conditions. Obstacle avoidance systems typically combine multiple sensing technologies (i.e., LiDAR, radar, ultrasound and visual) to detect various types of obstacles under different lighting and weather conditions, with the drawbacks of a given technology being offset by others. These systems require powerful computational capability to fuse the mass of data, which limits their use to high-end vehicles and robots. INSPEX delivers a low-power, small-size and lightweight environment perception system that is compatible with portable and/or wearable applications. This requires miniaturizing and optimizing existing range sensors of different technologies to meet the user’s requirements in terms of obstacle detection capabilities. These sensors consist of a LiDAR, a time-of-flight sensor, an ultrasound and an ultra-wideband radar with measurement ranges respectively of 10 m, 4 m, 2 m and 10 m. Integration of a data fusion technique is also required to build a model of the user’s surroundings and provide feedback about the localization of harmful obstacles. As primary demonstrator, the INSPEX device will be fixed on a white cane.
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Han, Jong Hyeok, Inkwon Yoon, Hyun Soo Kim, Ye Bin Jeong, Ji Hwan Maeng, Jinseok Park, and Hee-Jae Jeon. "Mobility Support with Intelligent Obstacle Detection for Enhanced Safety." Optics 5, no. 4 (October 24, 2024): 434–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/opt5040032.
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In recent years, assistive technology usage among the visually impaired has risen significantly worldwide. While traditional aids like guide dogs and white canes have limitations, recent innovations like RFID-based indoor navigation systems and alternative sensory solutions show promise. Nevertheless, there is a need for a user-friendly, comprehensive system to address spatial orientation challenges for the visually impaired. This research addresses the significance of developing a deep learning-based walking assistance device for visually impaired individuals to enhance their safety during mobility. The proposed system utilizes real-time ultrasonic sensors attached to a cane to detect obstacles, thus reducing collision risks. It further offers real-time recognition and analysis of diverse obstacles, providing immediate feedback to the user. A camera distinguishes obstacle types and conveys relevant information through voice assistance. The system’s efficacy was confirmed with a 90–98% object recognition rate in tests involving various obstacles. This research holds importance in providing safe mobility, promoting independence, leveraging modern technology, and fostering social inclusion for visually impaired individuals.
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Kumar, Ramesh, Mohammad Aljaidi, Manish Kumar Singla, Anupma Gupta, Ahmed Mershed Alhomoud, Amjad A. Alsuwaylimi, and Sami M. Alenezi. "Development of a Prototype Global Positioning System Based Stick for Blind Patients." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 20, no. 08 (May 21, 2024): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v20i08.49343.
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This paper presents a novel vision impairment assistive device to improve mobility and independence. This device consists of Arduino Nano microcontroller technology that powers the Satellite/GPS-based stick, which tracks and navigates in real-time. Arduino Nano’s adaptability and compactness enable our portable, affordable white cane replacement. Satellite signals let the stick locate the user, compute the best routes, and provide aural navigation cues through speakers or headphones. The obstacle detection sensors notify users of adjacent risks, improving safety. The proposed device is a stable and user-friendly technology that delivers a potential answer to visually impaired navigation issues after rigorous development and testing.
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Manikandan, J., Aparna S, Swathi R, and Sneha S N. "Intelligent Blind-User Navigational Device Utilizing Image Processing." IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems 5, no. 2 (June 2023): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jsws.2023.2.007.
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There are many thousands of blind people in the world who frequently require support. Since the white cane has long been known as an essential component of blind people's navigation, efforts have been made to enhance it by adding new sensors. Blind people are relatively comfortable inside their homes because they can pinpoint where things are, but in the outside world, as the objects are in motion, they face difficulties in locating the objects without an assistance. The research put forth strives to develop a sound navigation and range system for blind people. A real-time obstacle identification has been accomplished using ultrasonic sensors. In order to create a safe path for navigation to a destination, image processing in real-time is used for providing the blind person's perception of the size and distance of the obstacle utilizing raspberry pi for object detection. The suggested method makes use of a camera for recording the video sequence of surroundings, which it subsequently processes using a vocal input from a person who is visually impaired. It takes the location data while taking the (GPS) module for outdoor use. The location detail gathered is transported to the cloud.
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Nag, Mukesh Kumar. "Smart Wearables Using Arduino and Sensors for Visually Impaired People: A Third-Eye." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 14, SpecialIssue2 (September 23, 2024): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae142324_5.
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— Smart and wearable devices for visually impaired individuals have advanced significantly, but often face limitations such as limited functionality, high cost, and usability issues. Despite numerous studies and available solutions, providing comprehensive and accessible support remains challenging. This study identifies these gaps through various literature reviews and market analyses, proposing an innovative approach by integrating ultrasonic sensors with the Arduino Pro Mini board to create a 'third eye for the blind.' This device uses ultrasonic waves to detect obstacles and alerts users with buzzer sounds or vibrations, enabling confident and swift navigation. Leveraging advancements in computer science, electrical engineering, and medicine, this solution addresses the limitations of traditional aids like the white cane. According to WHO, 39 million people globally are visually impaired, facing significant daily challenges. Existing technologies offer alternatives, but the given solution uniquely enhances mobility by allowing users to locate and recognize objects in their vicinity, providing alerts through vibrations or beeps when objects are detected. This approach offers a practical, cost-effective, and user-friendly alternative, significantly improving the quality of life for visually impaired individuals by enhancing their ability to travel safely and independently.
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Hakim, Heba, and Ali Marhoon. "Indoor Low Cost Assistive Device using 2D SLAM Based on LiDAR for Visually Impaired People." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.15.2.12.
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Many assistive devices have been developed for visually impaired (VI) person in recent years which solve the problems that face VI person in his/her daily moving. Most of researches try to solve the obstacle avoidance or navigation problem, and others focus on assisting VI person to recognize the objects in his/her surrounding environment. However, a few of them integrate both navigation and recognition capabilities in their system. According to above needs, an assistive device is presented in this paper that achieves both capabilities to aid the VI person to (1) navigate safely from his/her current location (pose) to a desired destination in unknown environment, and (2) recognize his/her surrounding objects. The proposed system consists of the low cost sensors Neato XV-11 LiDAR, ultrasonic sensor, Raspberry pi camera (CameraPi), which are hold on a white cane. Hector SLAM based on 2D LiDAR is used to construct a 2D-map of unfamiliar environment. While A* path planning algorithm generates an optimal path on the given 2D hector map. Moreover, the temporary obstacles in front of VI person are detected by an ultrasonic sensor. The recognition system based on Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) technique is implemented in this work to predict object class besides enhance the navigation system. The interaction between the VI person and an assistive system is done by audio module (speech recognition and speech synthesis). The proposed system performance has been evaluated on various real-time experiments conducted in indoor scenarios, showing the efficiency of the proposed system.
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Abreu, David, Jonay Toledo, Benito Codina, and Arminda Suárez. "Low-Cost Ultrasonic Range Improvements for an Assistive Device." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 4250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124250.
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To achieve optimal mobility, visually impaired people have to deal with obstacle detection and avoidance challenges. Aside from the broadly adopted white cane, electronic aids have been developed. However, available electronic devices are not extensively used due to their complexity and price. As an effort to improve the existing ones, this work presents the design of a low-cost aid for blind people. A standard low-cost HC-SRF04 ultrasonic range is modified by adding phase modulation in the ultrasonic pulses, allowing it to detect the origin of emission, thus discriminating if the echo pulses come from the same device and avoiding false echoes due to interference from other sources. This improves accuracy and security in areas where different ultrasonic sensors are working simultaneously. The final device, based on users and trainers feedback for the design, works with the user’s own mobile phone, easing utilization and lowering manufacturing costs. The device was tested with a set of twenty blind persons carrying out a travel experiment and satisfaction survey. The main results showed a change in total involuntary contacts with unknown obstacles and high user satisfaction. Hence, we conclude that the device can fill a gap in the mobility aids and reduce feelings of insecurity amongst the blind.
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Costache, Paul, Simona Riurean, and Sebastian Rosca. "A Versatile Personal Assistant Dedicated to B/VIP." International Journal of Robotics and Automation Technology 6 (November 29, 2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31875/2409-9694.2019.06.4.
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Today, there are different systems on the market that aim to help Blind or Visually Impaired People (B/VIP) to gain more independency and self-trust. From the classic white cane to various intelligent devices to guide people with vision problems, most of the systems are expensive, difficult to be used or with low efficiency. The subject is a very important one because, according to the World Health Organization, there are approximately 2.2 billion people in the world that have a vision impairment or blindness. Thus, the purpose of this work is to make a short survey on solutions available on the market, in order to develop a low-cost, efficient and easy-to-use system for both indoor and outdoor use. The versatile personal assistant dedicated to B/VIP aims to enhance their independence and also improved outdoor navigation. The smart warning system addressed here is an innovative device aiming to detect obstacles with the help of ultrasonic sensors and warning of their presence by means of a buzzer or vibration. The system, when used outdoor, also gives the possibility to send short message to the B/VIP’s own assistant, in the form of an SMS with the exact location of the B/VIP. Moreover, the SMS’ content can easily create the optimal route to the B/VIP’s location with the Google Maps support for a fast-time assistance.
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KamatIi, Veer Chandra, and Abishek Raj. "Smart White Cane." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43617.
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Abstract: In this paper, I describe my own model of an ultrasonic blind walking stick with the use of Arduino that helps the visually impaired walk independently. According to the World Health Organization, 30 million people are completely blind, with 285 billion people suffering from vision impairment.[1] If u notice them, you can very well know about they can’t walk without the help of others. One has to ask for guidance to travel without hitting on an obstacle. A person can walk more confidently with this blind stick. This stick detects the object in front of the user and responds by vibrating or issuing a sound command to the user. As a result, the person can walk without stress. This device will be the best solution to overcome their either indoor or outdoor as its ranges can be adjusted from 2 feet to 8 feet distance using a switch. Keywords: Accuracy, Actuators, Handy, Ultrasonic sensor
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Uemura, Wataru, and Takato Hayama. "Development of a White-Cane-Extension to Detect Automatic Doors." International Journal of Ad hoc, Sensor & Ubiquitous Computing 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijasuc.2021.12101.
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The majority visually impaired persons are using a white cane to move within their environment. They avoid to collision the obstacles by detecting objects when swinging white cane touches them. An automatic door is opened when it detects the person comes to it by the sensor, for example, infrared sensor. This kind of automatic doors are very useful because we need not touch the doors in order to open them. However, for majority visually impaired persons, it is difficult to detected automatic doors because they detect the object by touching. In this paper, we propose the detection method which tells the existence of automatic doors to the visually impaired person. The device is consisted of an infrared sensor and a vibration motor. The infrared sensor is put on the tip of the white cane and the vibration motor is put on close to the hand. And when it detects the infrared signal, the vibration motor runs. Then the visually impaired persons can through the automatic door in safety without any cares
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Zegarra Flores, Jesus Victor, Laurence Rasseneur, Rodrigue Galani, Fabienne Rakitic, and René Farcy. "Indoor navigation with smart phone IMU for the visually impaired in university buildings." Journal of Assistive Technologies 10, no. 3 (September 19, 2016): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jat-05-2015-0018.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design and test effective indoor navigation solutions for visually impaired people in situations where GPS, bluetooth or Wi-Fi signals are unavailable. The authors use the inertial measurement units (IMU), the compass and the barometer of a smart phone. Design/methodology/approach The authors have used commercial Android smart phones with IMU, compass and barometer to record a path and to give navigation instructions in an adapted way using a mobility-specific vocabulary. The method proposed is to save paths taking into account different indoor waypoints such as the stairs (change from one floor to another) and the change of direction of the trajectory of the path (e.g. one-fourth turn right or left), recording data from the IMU sensor’s, compass and barometer of the smart phone. Having this information and the characteristics of the each segment (distance, azimuth to the north and pressure) of the path, it is possible to provide functional navigation guidance to the visually impaired subject. Three different visually impaired people (one partially sighted and two fully blind) and three sighted people have tested the paths. The efficiency of the navigation is analyzed in terms of distance and time using the comparison between blind and sighted people. Findings The main finding is that it is possible to guide visually impaired people some hundreds of meters just using the sensors of a smart phone under certain conditions: the visually impaired person has to understand the guidance instructions and respect some strategies (e.g. not to walk diagonally across vast spaces). Additionally it is observed that the visually impaired participants walked distances, which are not much different to the optimal values. On the other hand; because of their hesitations using their white cane to find free paths, they take in some cases 50 percent more time to arrive (for a few minutes path, this time is not critical and even more efficient than looking for a guide). One thing to highlight is that even with this hesitation, the subjects arrived to the final destination. Originality/value This paper demonstrates how an IMU coupled to a compass and a barometer from a Smart Phone employing a spoken mobility language (e.g. next corridor to the left; at the end of the stairs turn right, turn left, etc.) can guide visually impaired people inside buildings.
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Sugimoto, Tatsuya, Nobuhito Taniguchi, Ryoto Yoshikura, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, and Shintaro Izumi. "Evaluation of Patients’ Levels of Walking Independence Using Inertial Sensors and Neural Networks in an Acute-Care Hospital." Bioengineering 11, no. 6 (May 26, 2024): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11060544.
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This study aimed to evaluate walking independence in acute-care hospital patients using neural networks based on acceleration and angular velocity from two walking tests. Forty patients underwent the 10-meter walk test and the Timed Up-and-Go test at normal speed, with or without a cane. Physiotherapists divided the patients into two groups: 24 patients who were monitored or independent while walking with a cane or without aids in the ward, and 16 patients who were not. To classify these groups, the Transformer model analyzes the left gait cycle data from eight inertial sensors. The accuracy using all the sensor data was 0.836. When sensor data from the right ankle, right wrist, and left wrist were excluded, the accuracy decreased the most. When analyzing the data from these three sensors alone, the accuracy was 0.795. Further reducing the number of sensors to only the right ankle and wrist resulted in an accuracy of 0.736. This study demonstrates the potential of a neural network-based analysis of inertial sensor data for clinically assessing a patient’s level of walking independence.
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Dhou, Salam, Ahmad Alnabulsi, A. R. Al-Ali, Mariam Arshi, Fatima Darwish, Sara Almaazmi, and Reem Alameeri. "An IoT Machine Learning-Based Mobile Sensors Unit for Visually Impaired People." Sensors 22, no. 14 (July 12, 2022): 5202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145202.
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Visually impaired people face many challenges that limit their ability to perform daily tasks and interact with the surrounding world. Navigating around places is one of the biggest challenges that face visually impaired people, especially those with complete loss of vision. As the Internet of Things (IoT) concept starts to play a major role in smart cities applications, visually impaired people can be one of the benefitted clients. In this paper, we propose a smart IoT-based mobile sensors unit that can be attached to an off-the-shelf cane, hereafter a smart cane, to facilitate independent movement for visually impaired people. The proposed mobile sensors unit consists of a six-axis accelerometer/gyro, ultrasonic sensors, GPS sensor, cameras, a digital motion processor and a single credit-card-sized single-board microcomputer. The unit is used to collect information about the cane user and the surrounding obstacles while on the move. An embedded machine learning algorithm is developed and stored in the microcomputer memory to identify the detected obstacles and alarm the user about their nature. In addition, in case of emergencies such as a cane fall, the unit alerts the cane user and their guardian. Moreover, a mobile application is developed to be used by the guardian to track the cane user via Google Maps using a mobile handset to ensure safety. To validate the system, a prototype was developed and tested.
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Faiz Bin Abdul Ghani. "Smart Cane based on IoT." International Journal of Education, Science, Technology, and Engineering 2, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijeste-0201.15.
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Generally, blind people use a traditional cane (known as white cane) for moving from one place to another. Although, white cane is the international symbol of blindness, it could not help them to detect place and to avoid obstacles. In this paper, we represent a model of walking stick for blind people. It consists of GPS module, GPS Antenna, Arduino, ultrasonic sensor and buzzer. This stick can detect place and obstacles. Position detection part is done with GPS module and GPS antenna. Ultrasonic sensor is used for detecting obstacles. Here, the buzzer produces two types of sound. When the blind reaches to his destination, buzzer buzzes continuously. When the blind faces any obstacles, buzzer buzzes with interruption. By discovering these two types of sound, blind can be confirmed about his destination and also can avoid obstacles in front of him. The whole system is designed to be small, light and is used in conjunction with the white cane so that it could ensure safety of the blind.
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S, SETIYA NING RUM, KAWIJI KAWIJI, and SETYANINGRUM ARIVIANI. "Antioxidant capacity of temulawak drink (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) with white crystal sugar cane, red crystal sugar cane, palm sugar, and arenga palm sugar." Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry 14, no. 2 (December 6, 2017): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f140201.
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Rum SSN, Kawiji, Setyaningrum A. 2016. Antioxidant capacity of temulawak drink (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) with white crystal sugar cane, red crystal sugar cane, palm sugar, and arenga palm sugar. Biofarmasi 14: 39-46. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant capacity of temulawak extract in water solution; to determine the antioxidant capacity of white crystal sugar cane, red crystal sugar cane, palm sugar, and arenga palm sugar which commonly used in making temulawak drink; to determine the synergic effect of sugar addition to temulawak drink product; and also to determine the sensory quality (colour, taste, and flavour) of temulawak drink produced by parameters. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CAD) with two factors, concentration of temulawak extract (10, 20, and 30 gr/litre), and the kind of sugar added (white crystal sugar cane, red crystal sugar cane, palm sugar, and arenga palm sugar) with 50 g/litre concentration of addition, respectively. This research was studied the antioxidant activity (radical DPPH scavenging activity), total phenol, and sensory analysis (Multiple Comparison Test). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 (α=0,05). This study showed that the radical DPPH scavenging activity and total phenol were increase due to the increase of temulawak extract concentration. It might be due to water-soluble phenol compound like xanthorrizol extracted more largely. Radical DPPH scavenging activity and total phenol of sugars were significantly different which from the highest to the lowest palm sugar, arenga palm sugar (which usually used by people to make traditional health drink), red crystal sugar cane and white crystal sugarcane, respectively. Synergic effect of temulawak drink antioxidant capacity occured due to the sugar addition. The study also showed that sensory quality of produced temulawak drink with all treatments was not significantly different.
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Borah, Rahul, Sudhansu Bhagawati, Kasturi Sarmah, Kritideepan Sarmah, and Nang Sena Manpoong. "Enhancing Cake Nutrition with Lepidiota mansueta Flour." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 27, no. 8 (August 1, 2024): 777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i81196.
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The incorporation of white grub (Lepidiota mansueta) flour into cakes was explored to assess its impact on both nutritional composition and sensory attributes. Cakes were prepared with varying ratios of white grub flour to whole wheat flour, ranging from 10% to 30% substitution. Results indicated a progressive increase in moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash and energy content with higher concentrations of white grub flour, while carbohydrate content exhibited a decreasing trend. Mineral analysis revealed increased levels of sodium, potassium, manganese, zinc, and copper with the increase in white grub flour incorporation. Sensory evaluation demonstrated that cakes with pure wheat flour and those with 10% white grub flour substitution garnered the highest overall acceptability scores, whereas acceptability declined when the white grub flour concentration was increased. These findings revealed the potentiality of white grub flour as a nutritious ingredient which could be explored in different baked products maintaining the organoleptic quality.
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Bellicha, Angélina, Andrés Trujillo-León, Fabien Vérité, and Wael Bachta. "Analysis of Light Grip Influence on Standing Posture." Sensors 21, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 8191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248191.
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Upright posture control and gait are essential for achieving autonomous daily living activities. Postural control of upright posture relies, among others, on the integration of various sensory information. In this context, light touch (LT) and light grip (LG) of a stationary object provide an additional haptic sensory input that helps to reduce postural sway. When LG was studied through the grasp of a cane, the sensory role of this assistive tool was often limited to a mediation interface. Its role was restricted to transmit the interaction forces between its tip and the ground to the hand. While most studies involve participants standing in an unstable way, such as the tandem stance, in this paper we study LG from a different perspective. We attached a handle of a cane firmly to a stationary support. Thus, we can focus on the role of the hand receptors in the LG mechanism. LG condition was ensured through the tactile information gathered by FSR sensors placed on the handle surface. Moreover, participants involved in our study stood in a usual way. The study involved twelve participants in an experiment composed of two conditions: standing relaxed while lightly gripping an equipped handle attached to the ground, and standing in the same way without gripping the handle. Spatial and frequency analyses confirmed the results reported in the literature with other approaches.
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mani, Ms S. Thanga. "SMART CANE WITH OBSTACLES DETECTION." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 03, no. 03 (March 23, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/isjem01452.
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The project describes ultrasonic blind walking stick with the use of Arduino. According to World Health Organisation, 30 million peoples are permanently blind and 285 billion peoples with vision impairment. If u notice them, you can very well know about it they can’t walk without the help of other. One has to ask guidance to reach their destination. They have to face more struggles in their life daily life. Using this blind stick, a person can walk more confidently. This stick detects the object in front of the person and give response to the user by vibrating. So, the person can walk without any fear. This device will be best solution to overcome their difficulties. Generally, blind people use a traditional cane (known as white cane) for moving from one place to another. Activities like walking down the road, knowing and recognizing the presence of an obstacle in front of them, reading road signs etc. We represent a model of walking stick for blind people. This consists of GPS module, GPS Antenna, Arduino, ultrasonic sensor and buzzer. This stick can detect place and obstacles. The system employs a point-by-point approach to analyze the surrounding environment, providing real-time feedback to the user. Blind people consists of a large group of people in our society. Losing their eyesight has caused them inconvenience in performing daily tasks. Hence, smart cane had been developed in order to increase the life quality of a blind person. The purpose of this project is to design a smart cane with ultrasonic sensor and global system for mobile (GSM) for the blind. This embedded system mainly has mobility. For mobility system, it is equipped with ultrasonic sensor, HCSR04 and vibrating motor. Ultrasonic sensor will send the trigger pulse to detect obstacles. When an obstacle is detected, signals will be sent to vibrating motor and activate it. The vibrating motor will vibrate with different strengths according to the distance of the obstacle. The microcontroller used in this embedded system is Arduino UNO. The prototype of smart cane was built to increase the mobility of the blind people. Keywords— Signal processing, Internet of things, Ultrasonic sensor, visual impaired people
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NAKAYAMA, Naoya, and Yasushi NAKAUCHI. "Safe walk support system at the station platform by sensor embedded intelligent white cane." Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 83, no. 850 (2017): 16–00383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.16-00383.
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Maidenbaum, Shachar, Shelly Levy-Tzedek, Daniel Robert Chebat, Rinat Namer-Furstenberg, and Amir Amedi. "The Effect of Extended Sensory Range via the EyeCane Sensory Substitution Device on the Characteristics of Visionless Virtual Navigation." Multisensory Research 27, no. 5-6 (2014): 379–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002463.
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Mobility training programs for helping the blind navigate through unknown places with a White-Cane significantly improve their mobility. However, what is the effect of new assistive technologies, offering more information to the blind user, on the underlying premises of these programs such as navigation patterns?We developed the virtual-EyeCane, a minimalistic sensory substitution device translating single-point-distance into auditory cues identical to the EyeCane’s in the real world. We compared performance in virtual environments when using the virtual-EyeCane, a virtual-White-Cane, no device and visual navigation. We show that the characteristics of virtual-EyeCane navigation differ from navigation with a virtual-White-Cane or no device, and that virtual-EyeCane users complete more levels successfully, taking shorter paths and with less collisions than these groups, and we demonstrate the relative similarity of virtual-EyeCane and visual navigation patterns. This suggests that additional distance information indeed changes navigation patterns from virtual-White-Cane use, and brings them closer to visual navigation.
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Prokopov, Tsvetko, Zhivka Goranova, Marianna Baeva, Anton Slavov, and Charis M. Galanakis. "Effects of powder from white cabbage outer leaves on sponge cake quality." International Agrophysics 29, no. 4 (October 1, 2015): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2015-0055.
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AbstractThe main objective of this study was to develop high fibre cakes utilizing and valorising cabbage by-products - cabbage outer leaves. Cabbage outer leaves were dried and milled in order to produce cabbage leaf powder. The cabbage leaf powder was added at 0, 10, 20% into sponge cake. All of the samples were subjected to physicochemical analysis and sensory evaluation. Methods of descriptive sensory analysis were used for a comparative analysis of the sponge cakes with cabbage leaf powder and the cake without cabbage leaf powder. Addition of cabbage leaf powder in sponge cakes significantly affected the cake volume and textural properties. Springiness of cakes with cabbage leaf powder and crumb tenderness were lower, while the structure was stable at high loads, as expressed by lower shrinkage in comparison with the control cake. The nutritional value of the sponge cakes with cabbage leaf powder was lower than the control cake. The cells cakes modified by cabbage leaf powder were smaller and almost equal, uniformly distributed in the crumb, and at the same time had thicker walls. The cakes with addition of cabbage leaf powder showed the springiness and their crumb tenderness were lower, while their structure was stable at high loads. Control cake showed higher water-absorbing capacity compared to the cakes with 10 and 20% cabbage leaf powder.
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Hakim, Oktafian Sultan, Mochammad Machmud Rifadil, and Putu Agus Mahadi Putra. "Smart Bird Cage Based on STM32 for Turtledove Bird Using Solar Panel." Interdisciplinary Social Studies 1, no. 3 (December 20, 2021): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/iss.v1i3.43.
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Background: One type of bird that is widely bred and maintained is the turtledove. At turtledove breeding, bird cage maintenance is still done manually for cage lighting, feeding and drinking. Manual maintenance of the cage will make it difficult for farmers who have a fairly busy schedule or often leave the house.
Aim: For that reason, the authors decided to make a Smart Bird Cage.
Method: In this study, the authors used STM32F4 Discovery and ESP8266 as control centers via smartphones. The sensors that will be used are the temperature sensor and the Light Dependent Sensor (LDR). The outputs are 5 volt dc motor, 5V dc pump motor, buzzer and exhaust fan using on/off control with internet of things (IoT). While the control system for heating the cage uses the PWM control method on the AC module control for the brightness level of incandescent lamps.
Findings: The results of this study are the temperature in the bird cage is controlled with a heating lamp that turns on when the temperature is below 30 oC and with the IoT system used by farmers, they do not have to worry about managing bird cage consumption when outside the city.
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dos Santos, Robson Argolo, Everardo Chartuni Mantovani, Elpídio Inácio Fernandes-Filho, Roberto Filgueiras, Rodrigo Dal Sasso Lourenço, Vinícius Bof Bufon, and Christopher M. U. Neale. "Modeling Actual Evapotranspiration with MSI-Sentinel Images and Machine Learning Algorithms." Atmosphere 13, no. 9 (September 17, 2022): 1518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091518.
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The modernization of computational resources and application of artificial intelligence algorithms have led to advancements in studies regarding the evapotranspiration of crops by remote sensing. Therefore, this research proposed the application of machine learning algorithms to estimate the ETrF (Evapotranspiration Fraction) of sugar can crop using the METRIC (Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration) model with data from the Sentinel-2 satellites constellation. In order to achieve this goal, images from the MSI sensor (MultiSpectral Instrument) from the Sentinel-2 and the OLI (Operational Land Imager) and TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) sensors from the Landsat-8 were acquired nearly at the same time between the years 2018 and 2020 for sugar cane crops. Images from OLI and TIR sensors were intended to calculate ETrF through METRIC (target variable), while for the MSI sensor images, the explanatory variables were extracted in two approaches, using 10 m (approach 1) and 20 m (approach 2) spatial resolution. The results showed that the algorithms were able to identify patterns in the MSI sensor data to predict the ETrF of the METRIC model. For approach 1, the best predictions were XgbLinear (R2 = 0.80; RMSE = 0.15) and XgbTree (R2 = 0.80; RMSE = 0.15). For approach 2, the algorithm that demonstrated superiority was the XgbLinear (R2 = 0.91; RMSE = 0.10), respectively. Thus, it became evident that machine learning algorithms, when applied to the MSI sensor, were able to estimate the ETrF in a simpler way than the one that involves energy balance with the thermal band used in the METRIC model.
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Alam, Umme Kawsar, Fazle Rabby, and M. T. Islam. "Development of a Technical Device Named GPS Based Walking Stick for the Blind." Rajshahi University Journal of Science and Engineering 43 (December 31, 2015): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/rujse.v43i0.26153.
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Generally, blind people use a traditional cane (known as white cane) for moving from one place to another. Although, white cane is the international symbol of blindness, it could not help them to detect place and to avoid obstacles. In this paper, we represent a model of walking stick for blind people. It consists of GPS module, GPS Antenna, Arduino, ultrasonic sensor and buzzer. This stick can detect place and obstacles. Position detection part is done with GPS module and GPS antenna. Ultrasonic sensor is used for detecting obstacles. Here, the buzzer produces two types of sound. When the blind reaches to his destination, buzzer buzzes continuously. When the blind faces any obstacles, buzzer buzzes with interruption. By discovering these two types of sound, blind can be confirmed about his destination and also can avoid obstacles in front of him. The whole system is designed to be small, light and is used in conjunction with the white cane so that it could ensure safety of the blind.
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Tan, Catherine Hwee Fung, Nurul Aini Jaafar, Hui Qi Goo, Hui Ni Hew, Qian Yee Law, Joe Yinn Wong, and Mallinath Dhange Dhange. "StepSafe Cane: Empowering Confident Steps for a Healthier Future." Semarak International Journal of Electronic System Engineering 3, no. 1 (September 15, 2024): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/sijese.3.1.5664.
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Mobility is the capability of one to get to another place. Vision is defined as the faculty and power of seeing. As technology develops and grows, several devices and tools have aided those with mobility issues or impairment and those who are visually impaired. For those who are visually impaired, the traditional aid has been the white cane for a long time which only helps them navigate their way and detect obstacles without providing physical support. While those with mobility issues use a walking stick which does not help them in detecting surrounding obstacles. For those with both mobility issues and visual impairment, this becomes a problem as it is uncommon for a gadget or aid to tackle both these issues at once. The Smart Guide Cane is specially designed for this group of people with both issues. It can also help those with any of the two issues as it has many features that will allow them to be more confident in their movement, improving the quality of life for the disabled. Many steps have been taken in developing the Smart Guide Cane. A program was coded and simulated together with the circuit to ensure the functionality of the program. Then, the physical prototype was created, using Arduino UNO, HC-SR04 (ultrasonic sensor), MPU6050 (fall detector), TTP223 (touch sensor), vibration motor and buzzer as its main components. Tests have been done using this prototype circuit to demonstrate the feasibility and functionality of the Smart Guide Cane. From the prototyping and testing, it can be seen that all the components would function as intended in the Smart Guide Cane.
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Ballesteros, Joaquin, Alberto Tudela, Juan Caro-Romero, and Cristina Urdiales. "Weight-Bearing Estimation for Cane Users by Using Onboard Sensors." Sensors 19, no. 3 (January 26, 2019): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030509.
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Mobility is a fundamental requirement for a healthy, active lifestyle. Gait analysis is widely acknowledged as a clinically useful tool for identifying problems with mobility, as identifying abnormalities within the gait profile is essential to correct them via training, drugs, or surgical intervention. However, continuous gait analysis is difficult to achieve due to technical limitations, namely the need for specific hardware and constraints on time and test environment to acquire reliable data. Wearables may provide a solution if users carry them most of the time they are walking. We propose to add sensors to walking canes to assess user’s mobility. Canes are frequently used by people who cannot completely support their own weight due to pain or balance issues. Furthermore, in absence of neurological disorders, the load on the cane is correlated with the user condition. Sensorized canes already exist, but often rely on expensive sensors and major device modifications are required. Thus, the number of potential users is severely limited. In this work, we propose an affordable module for load monitoring so that it can be widely used as a screening tool. The main advantages of our module are: (i) it can be deployed in any standard cane with minimal changes that do not affect ergonomics; (ii) it can be used every day, anywhere for long-term monitoring. We have validated our prototype with 10 different elderly volunteers that required a cane to walk, either for balance or partial weight bearing. Volunteers were asked to complete a 10 m test and, then, to move freely for an extra minute. The load peaks on the cane, corresponding to maximum support instants during the gait cycle, were measured while they moved. For validation, we calculated their gait speed using a chronometer during the 10 m test, as it is reportedly related to their condition. The correlation between speed (condition) and load results proves that our module provides meaningful information for screening. In conclusion, our module monitors support in a continuous, unsupervised, nonintrusive way during users’ daily routines, plus only mechanical adjustment (cane height) is needed to change from one user to another.
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Hegde, Shruti, Emily Hofman, Sruthi Dubagunta, Daniel Awad, Omar Khan, Kraigen Eisaman, Ifti Hossain, et al. "Implementation of a novel thoracostomy tube trainer with real-time feedback." Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 8, no. 1 (December 2023): e001131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2023-001131.
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ObjectivesSimulation-based training leads to improved clinical performance but may be influenced by quality and frequency of training. Within simulation training, chest tube insertion remains a challenge as one of the main pitfalls of insertion is a controlled pleural entry. This study evaluates the efficacy of a novel training model with real-time pressure monitoring, the average force to pleural entry in a model and the utility of audio and visual feedback.MethodsThis proprietary training model comprised a modified Kelly clamp device with three force sensors at the index finger (sensor 1) and two finger loops (sensors 2 and 3), and a manikin with a replaceable chest wall pad. Standard force values (Newtons (N)) were obtained by experts; expert data revealed that 3–5 s was an acceptable time range to complete the chest tube insertion. Participant level ranged from Post-graduate Year (PGY)-1 to PGY-6 with 13 total participants. Each individual was provided an introduction to the procedure and chest tube trainer. Force (N) and time (ms) measurements were obtained from entry through dermis to pleural space puncture. A significant pressure drop suggested puncturing through the chest wall (completion of the procedure).ResultsForce data were captured during each phase of the procedure—linear, plateau, and drop. Linear phase (~3000 ms) was from start of procedure to point of maximum force (<30 N). Plateau phase was from maximum force to just before a drop in pressure. Drop phase was a drop in pressure by 5+ N in a span of 150 ms signaling completion of procedure. All participants were able to complete the task successfully. Force for pleural entry ranged from 17 N to 30 N; time to pleural entry ranged from 7500 to 15 000 ms. There was variability in use of all three sensors. All participants used the index sensor, however there was variability in the use of the loop sensors depending on the handedness of the participant. Left-handed users relied more on sensors 1 and 3 while right-handed users relied more on sensors 1 and 2. Given this variability, only force measurements from sensor 1 were used for assessment.ConclusionsThis novel force-sensing chest tube trainer with continuous pressuring monitoring has a wide range of applications in simulation-based training of emergency surgical tasks. Next steps include evaluating its impact on accuracy and efficiency. Applications of real-time feedback measuring force are broad, including vascular access, trocar placement and other common procedures.Level of evidenceLevel IV, prospective study.
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Nur Syaza Syahira Mohammud@Mahmud, Ili Shairah Abdul Halim, Siti Lailatul Mohd Hassan, and Wan Fazlida Hanim Abdullah. "Design and Performance Analysis of Sound Source Localization using Time Difference of Arrival Estimation." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics 106, no. 1 (July 26, 2023): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/aram.106.1.1426.
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Sound source localization (SSL) is a process of processing sound signals received from sound sensors and locating the sound origin. In many applications, precise localization of these sound sources is crucial. The accuracy of the localization of the sound source depends on several factors, and one of the factors is the number of sound sensors. This work aims to develop a microcontroller-based sound sensor localization system using the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) method, as well as to analyze SSL by comparing the time difference received by two and three sound sensors with respect to the distance of sound, and to compare the angle accuracy of the sound localization through TDOA with the real sound location. A few experimental tests were conducted using a constant sound of 90db and a frequency range of sound of 50Hz to 10kHz. The mean error (inaccuracy) of the experimental test of the angle acquired within 5cm of the source is 34.66°, while the angle obtained within 10cm of the source is 34.29°. The difference in angle inaccuracy between two and three sensors has a reduction of 27.64%. By adding more sound sensors, angle accuracy can be increased through the TDOA method.
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Pamungkas, Wiyan Afriyanto, and Jamaludin Jamaludin. "Physico-Chemical Properties of Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L.) Flour from White-fleshed and Purplish-White-fleshed Tubers." Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 12, no. 2 (August 8, 2024): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19028/jtep.012.2.259-271.
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Flour quality in the form of physicochemical and sensory properties is an essential parameter that will influence the design, process, and results of the processing of gembili flour derivative products. This study aims to evaluate flour's physical and chemical properties from white-fleshed gembili tubers (Yawal Porei) and purplish-white-fleshed gembili tubers (Thai) and determine consumer preferences for the flour produced. The physical properties of gembili flour were analyzed, including yield, whiteness, and fineness modulus (FM). Meanwhile, the chemical composition of the flour analyzed includes moisture content, carbohydrates, protein, ash content and crude fibre. 35 untrained panellists were used in organoleptic tests to assess consumer preferences. The results show that the two gembili tubers produce flour with different physical and chemical properties. White-fleshed gembili flour has several advantages in terms of physical and chemical properties, namely yield (15.62% ± 0.41), whiteness (79.55 ± 0.98), carbohydrates (82.86% ± 0.21) and crude fibre (5.28% ± 0.61) which has the potential as a rice analogue, noodles, cake, fillers, and cookies. Meanwhile, purplish-white-fleshed gembili flour has a high protein content (5.40% ± 0.16) and ash content (6.75% ± 0.05), which has the potential as a bakery product. The FM of the two types of gembili flour was not much different and has a moisture content that meets the Indonesian National Standard, below 14.5%. The sensory assessment showed that the panellists preferred white-fleshed gembili flour to purplish-white-fleshed gembili flour. The sensory assessment showed that the panellists preferred white-fleshed gembili flour to purplish-white-fleshed gembili flour.
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Lupu, Robert-Gabriel, Oana Mitruț, Andrei Stan, Florina Ungureanu, Kyriaki Kalimeri, and Alin Moldoveanu. "Cognitive and Affective Assessment of Navigation and Mobility Tasks for the Visually Impaired via Electroencephalography and Behavioral Signals." Sensors 20, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 5821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205821.
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This paper presented the assessment of cognitive load (as an effective real-time index of task difficulty) and the level of brain activation during an experiment in which eight visually impaired subjects performed two types of tasks while using the white cane and the Sound of Vision assistive device with three types of sensory input—audio, haptic, and multimodal (audio and haptic simultaneously). The first task was to identify object properties and the second to navigate and avoid obstacles in both the virtual environment and real-world settings. The results showed that the haptic stimuli were less intuitive than the audio ones and that the navigation with the Sound of Vision device increased cognitive load and working memory. Visual cortex asymmetry was lower in the case of multimodal stimulation than in the case of separate stimulation (audio or haptic). There was no correlation between visual cortical activity and the number of collisions during navigation, regardless of the type of navigation or sensory input. The visual cortex was activated when using the device, but only for the late-blind users. For all the subjects, the navigation with the Sound of Vision device induced a low negative valence, in contrast with the white cane navigation.
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Khairunas, Arlando, Mutiara Dahlia, and Guspri Devi Artanti. "The Effect of Breawef Flour Substitution (Artocarpus Altilis Fosberg) on Snow Princess Cake on Sensory Quality." Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health 2, no. 6 (June 4, 2023): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ajesh.v2i6.67.
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Breadfruit flour is used as a substitute ingredient in making Snow White cake to optimize the use of local food ingredients. This study aims to analyze the effect of substitution of breadfruit flour in the manufacture of Snow White cake on sensory quality. This research was conducted at the Food Processing Laboratory, Culinary Education Study Program, Jakarta State University. The method used in this research is the experimental method. The research sample used was snow white cake with breadfruit flour substitution of 10%, 15% and 20%. Then it was tested on 5 expert panelists who assessed aspects of color, aroma, taste and texture. The conclusion of this study is that the breadfruit flour substitution snow white cake has a good sensory quality of 10% to be developed.
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Thanthoni S, Kumaresan A, Prathap Suganthirababu, Surya Vishnuram, and Jagatheesan Alagesan. "Effectiveness of Sensing and Feedback Alerting Smart Cane System: An Assisted Device for Geriatric Population to Prevent Falling." Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy - An International Journal 18 (January 21, 2024): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/dxdad689.
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Background: The main cause of injury-related death among the elderly is falling. The smart cane is a type ofassistive tool. A smart cane’s electronic sensors provide feedback and alert users to potential hazards, assistingusers in keeping their balance while moving around.Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of a smart cane system for the elderly population that integrates feedbackalerts and sensors to reduce falls.Materials and Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial was done in elderly resort with 30 sample allocated intotwo group using lottery method .group-A receives conventional training using cane with quadripod base , whilethe group-B receives smart cane training using quadripod base .modified two-point gait pattern is employed for2 months of training. The outcome measure used for physical measure is Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS) and forpsychological is Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC,s).Results: According to the statistical analysis of the elderly mobility scale outcome measure, there were substantial changesin mobility and a decreased risk of falling .Based on the ABCs scale, when comparing the pre-test and post-test values, theexperimental group’s confidence in daily living is superior to the control group.Conclusion: According to the study’s findings, a smart assistive cane can help the elderly population both physically andpsychologically. During the gait training, the user of the smart assistive gadget did not encounter any unfavorable therapyrelatedconsequences.
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Kilian, Jakob, Alexander Neugebauer, Lasse Scherffig, and Siegfried Wahl. "The Unfolding Space Glove: A Wearable Spatio-Visual to Haptic Sensory Substitution Device for Blind People." Sensors 22, no. 5 (February 26, 2022): 1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051859.
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This paper documents the design, implementation and evaluation of the Unfolding Space Glove—an open source sensory substitution device. It transmits the relative position and distance of nearby objects as vibratory stimuli to the back of the hand and thus enables blind people to haptically explore the depth of their surrounding space, assisting with navigation tasks such as object recognition and wayfinding. The prototype requires no external hardware, is highly portable, operates in all lighting conditions, and provides continuous and immediate feedback—all while being visually unobtrusive. Both blind (n = 8) and blindfolded sighted participants (n = 6) completed structured training and obstacle courses with both the prototype and a white long cane to allow performance comparisons to be drawn between them. The subjects quickly learned how to use the glove and successfully completed all of the trials, though still being slower with it than with the cane. Qualitative interviews revealed a high level of usability and user experience. Overall, the results indicate the general processability of spatial information through sensory substitution using haptic, vibrotactile interfaces. Further research would be required to evaluate the prototype’s capabilities after extensive training and to derive a fully functional navigation aid from its features.
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Gill, Satinder, Nitin Seth, and Erik Scheme. "A Multi-Sensor Cane Can Detect Changes in Gait Caused by Simulated Gait Abnormalities and Walking Terrains." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030631.
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Due to the increasing rates of chronic diseases and an aging population, the use of assistive devices for ambulation is expected to grow rapidly over the next several years. Instrumenting these devices has been proposed as a non-invasive way to proactively monitor changes in gait due to the presence of pain or a condition in outdoor and indoor environments. In this paper, we evaluated the effectiveness of a multi-sensor cane in detecting changes in gait due to the presence of simulated gait abnormalities, walking terrains, impaired vision, and incorrect cane lengths. The effectiveness of the instrumented cane was compared with the results obtained directly from a shank-mounted inertial measurement unit. Results from 30 healthy participants obtained while simulating gait abnormalities and walking over different terrains demonstrated the ability of the cane to reliably and effectively discriminate among these walking conditions. Moreover, the results obtained while walking with impaired vision and incorrect cane lengths indicate the ability of cane to detect changes in gait during these scenarios as well.
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Dupin, Lucile, Vincent Hayward, and Mark Wexler. "Direct coupling of haptic signals between hands." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 2 (December 29, 2014): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419539112.
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Although motor actions can profoundly affect the perceptual interpretation of sensory inputs, it is not known whether the combination of sensory and movement signals occurs only for sensory surfaces undergoing movement or whether it is a more general phenomenon. In the haptic modality, the independent movement of multiple sensory surfaces poses a challenge to the nervous system when combining the tactile and kinesthetic signals into a coherent percept. When exploring a stationary object, the tactile and kinesthetic signals come from the same hand. Here we probe the internal structure of haptic combination by directing the two signal streams to separate hands: one hand moves but receives no tactile stimulation, while the other hand feels the consequences of the first hand’s movement but remains still. We find that both discrete and continuous tactile and kinesthetic signals are combined as if they came from the same hand. This combination proceeds by direct coupling or transfer of the kinesthetic signal from the moving to the feeling hand, rather than assuming the displacement of a mediating object. The combination of signals is due to perception rather than inference, because a small temporal offset between the signals significantly degrades performance. These results suggest that the brain simplifies the complex coordinate transformation task of remapping sensory inputs to take into account the movements of multiple body parts in haptic perception, and they show that the effects of action are not limited to moving sensors.
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Oshita, Kazushige, and Sumio Yano. "The Effect of Lightly Gripping a Cane on the Dynamic Balance Control." Open Biomedical Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (July 31, 2015): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874120701509010146.
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The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of lightly gripping a cane on the Functional Reach Test (FRT) to evaluate dynamic balance. 21 healthy men (19±1 years) were asked to perform the FRT three times. The standard FRT was performed in the first and third trials. In the second trial, participants in a light-grip group (n = 11) were told to lightly grip (but to not apply force for mechanical support) the cane during the FRT. Participants in a depend-on-cane group (n = 10) were told to perform the FRT while supporting their weight with the cane. FRT is improved by not only supporting a person’s own weight with a cane but also just lightly gripping the cane. These findings would be helpful in the development of a useful application to improve the human movement using a haptic sensory supplementation for activities of daily living.
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Hashim, Hussain Muhammad Bin, and Dil Mohammad Akbar Hussain. "Security System via LDR." Journal of Applied Engineering & Technology (JAET) 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55447/jaet.02.02.10.
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This thesis presents a hardware design and implementation of a security system that utilized laser beam mechanism alongside light dependent resistor (LDR) sensor with rechargeable battery powered by constant solar energy. In the market nowadays, a wide range type of laser alarms were available each with unique features and specialties. Unfortunately, most of them came with a staggering price and high maintenance cost. Hence, the idea to invent a reasonable low cost laser alarm system is carry out. The aim of this work is to build an eco-friendly laser alarm system using Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) circuit as an alternative product for current market’s laser alarm systems. It compose of two separate main circuits, the laser unit and LDR sensory alarm unit while applying mirror field as connecting medium. The LDR sensor is controlled using Arduino, where the solar system requires 11 hours of charging with minimum 5% capacity battery. The work built has been successfully implemented.
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Heetesonne, Ine, Elke Claus, Ingrid De Leyn, Koen Dewettinck, Melissa Camerlinck, Joachim J. Schouteten, and Filip Van Bockstaele. "Characterization of Pulse-Containing Cakes Using Sensory Evaluation and Instrumental Analysis." Foods 13, no. 22 (November 8, 2024): 3575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13223575.
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Despite the nutritional and environmental benefits of pulses, their incorporation into bakery products has been impeded by their characteristic off-flavour. This study characterizes five pulses (faba bean, chickpea, whole lentil, split pea and pinto bean) in a cake application with a 40% wheat flour substitution, alongside a control cake. Physicochemical analysis and sensory analysis using a consumer panel (n = 124) and instrumental analysis (GC E-nose) were conducted. The liking scores for the pulse-containing cakes were significantly lower compared to the control cake, but half of the participants preferred a pulse-containing cake, indicating their market potential. Both instrumental analysis and sensory evaluation identified the chickpea and faba bean cakes as most similar to the control, while the pea cake was the most divergent. This cake was described as beany and grassy by consumers, negatively affecting the overall acceptance. Consumers in the sensory study had difficulties in distinguishing between the chickpea and faba bean cakes. Similarly, based on the volatile profiles, the chickpea and faba bean cakes demonstrated the closest relationship. The alignment between sensory data and E-nose results supports the added value of instrumental techniques such as the GC E-nose in sensory research.
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Lins, Amanda, Charline Rolim, Blenda Costa, and Carlos Lamarão. "Development and characterization of pound cake with Inajá pulp." Concilium 24, no. 10 (May 16, 2024): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-3457-24i63.
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The objective of this study was to enrich pound cake with inajá fruit pulp and assess its impact on nutritional composition. Results showed a decrease in carbohydrates (from 29.91% to 27.01%) and an increase in proteins (from 9.5% to 10.5%) in the modified cake. Lipid content slightly increased (from 32.2% to 33%), while fiber content decreased significantly. Microbiological analyses met established standards. Additionally, sensory evaluation indicated favorable acceptance of the modified cake. In conclusion, inajá-enriched cake offers a modified nutritional composition, potentially appealing to specific consumer groups, but attention is required to maximize nutritional benefits and sensory attributes.
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Pasparingi, Masashoumy, and Lukman Hudi. "Characteristics of Rangin Cake Made of Various Kinds of Flour." Nabatia 2, no. 1 (July 28, 2014): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/nabatia.v11i1.1585.
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Food diversification, especially for rice-based food has been found by all society for our country’s food security soon be realized. One of such effortwas to develop the traditionalsnack-substitute rice flour as raw materials with different flours of local plant tuber such as cassava, white sweet potato, arrowroot, canna bulbs, purse, breadfruit and yellow squash. Aim of this study wasto determine the substitution effect of rice flour (Oryza sativa) with severalcake flours against to rangin. Experiment was arranged by randomized block design (RBD) using 9 kinds of flour (rangin cake ingredients): white sweet potato, cassava, purse, canna, arrowroot, mocaf, breadfruit, pumpkin and rice as the control, whichwere repeated intriplicate, in order to obtain 27 experimental units. The observed parameters were chemical analysis (concentration of amylose), physical analysis (elasticity and volume expansion) and sensory evaluations (color, aroma, flavor and texture). The data was analyzed using ANOVA followed by HSD test 5 % andsensory evaluation was analyzed by friedman test. Substitution of rice flour with various flourswas significantly different inconcentration of amylose content and volume expansion as well as sensory evaluation, such as color, aroma, taste and texture. The best characteristic of powder to substitute the rangin cake was tapioca. The characteristic based on concentration of amylose and volume expansionwere 55.21 % and 6.4 %, respectively.Its sensory characteristic based on color, aroma, flavor and texture were 4.9(rather like), 4.7 (rather like), 4.2 (normal), and 4.2 (normal), respectively.