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Villar González, Pamela, Onur Güntürkün, and Sebastian Ocklenburg. "Lateralization of Auditory Processing of Silbo Gomero." Symmetry 12, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12071183.
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Left-hemispheric language dominance is a well-known characteristic of the human language system. However, it has been shown that leftward language lateralization decreases dramatically when people communicate using whistles. Whistled languages present a transformation of a spoken language into whistles, facilitating communication over great distances. In order to investigate the laterality of Silbo Gomero, a form of whistled Spanish, we used a vocal and a whistled dichotic listening task in a sample of 75 healthy Spanish speakers. Both individuals that were able to whistle and to understand Silbo Gomero and a non-whistling control group showed a clear right-ear advantage for vocal dichotic listening. For whistled dichotic listening, the control group did not show any hemispheric asymmetries. In contrast, the whistlers’ group showed a right-ear advantage for whistled stimuli. This right-ear advantage was, however, smaller compared to the right-ear advantage found for vocal dichotic listening. In line with a previous study on language lateralization of whistled Turkish, these findings suggest that whistled language processing is associated with a decrease in left and a relative increase in right hemispheric processing. This shows that bihemispheric processing of whistled language stimuli occurs independent of language.
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Collier, A. B., S. Bremner, J. Lichtenberger, J. R. Downs, C. J. Rodger, P. Steinbach, and G. McDowell. "Global lightning distribution and whistlers observed at Dunedin, New Zealand." Annales Geophysicae 28, no. 2 (February 10, 2010): 499–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-499-2010.
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Abstract. Whistlers observed at Dunedin, New Zealand, are an enigma since they do not conform to the classical model of whistler production developed by Storey (1953). It is generally accepted that the causative lightning stroke for a whistler observed on the ground at a particular location was located in the neighbourhood of the conjugate point, and generated an electromagnetic signal which propagated in a plasmaspheric duct stretched along a magnetic field line linking the two hemispheres. The causative stroke is thought to have occurred within reasonable proximity of one footpoint of this field line, while the observer was located in the vicinity of the other footpoint. Support for this model has come from a number of previous studies of whistler-lightning observations and whistler-induced particle precipitation. However, as demonstrated here, this model does not always apply. Whistlers detected at Dunedin are nearly as common as those at Tihany, Hungary, despite there being at least 3 orders of magnitude more lightning in Tihany's conjugate region compared to that of Dunedin. Furthermore, whereas Tihany whistlers are generally observed at night, consistent with historical observations, Dunedin whistlers occur predominantly during the day. This paper aims to resolve two paradoxes regarding whistler occurrence at Dunedin: (i) an observation rate which is at variance with conjugate lightning activity, and (ii) a diurnal occurrence peak during daylight. The technique developed by Collier et al. (2009) is used to diagnose the location of the source lightning for Dunedin whistlers. It is found that the majority of the causative strokes occur within a region extending down the west coast of Central America.
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Singh, Ashutosh K., K. K. Singh, S. B. Singh, and A. K. Singh. "Multiflash whistlers in ELF-band observed at low latitude." Annales Geophysicae 29, no. 1 (January 10, 2011): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-91-2011.
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Abstract. Multiflash whistler-like event in the ELF-band, observed during March 1998 at low latitude station Jammu, is reported. The most prominent feature of these events is the multiflash nature along with the decrease in frequency within a very short span of time resembling similar to terrestrial whistlers. The events have a significantly smaller time duration (0.5–3.5 s) than those reported earlier from high, mid and low latitudes and also display a diurnal maximum occurring around 09:30 h (IST). There have been similar reportings from other latitudes, but whistlers in the ELF-band with a multiflash nature along with a precursor emission have never been reported. Lightning seems to be the dominant source for the ELF whistlers reported here.
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Kai, L., D. Gill, G. Wegener, and A. Tasker. "Affectivity during social behaviour in a schizophrenic-like rat." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S101—S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.079.
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IntroductionRats are social animals that produce high-frequency whistles said to reflect their underlying affective state. Injecting rats with a glutamate agonist (domoic acid) at a sensitive period of brain development, models aspects of schizophrenia. This is known as the neonatal DOM model.AimsWe investigated whether DOM rats display altered social behaviour – as seen in patients with schizophrenia – using their high-frequency whistles as a proxy for the emotional valence of social situations.MethodsWe used 19 male Sprague Dawley rats, injected with either a low-dose of domoic acid or saline at postnatal days 8 to 14. The social behaviour of the rats was investigated at four levels:– anticipation of social interaction;– dyadic encounter;– three-chamber test;– tickling.Tests were carried out at postnatal days 34 to 40 and 50 to 56. Rat whistles were recorded on all days of testing.ResultsIn progress.ConclusionsThe interest in rat whistles as a supplement to traditional behavioural tests has increased. New software allows for detailed qualitative analysis of the whistle subtypes and thus new complexity to their interpretation. This study can help unravel information encoded in the whistles and shed light on the social behaviour of the DOM rat thus investigating it is applicability as a model of schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Gurnett, D. A., R. L. Huff, J. S. Pickett, A. M. Persoon, R. L. Mutel, I. W. Christopher, C. A. Kletzing, et al. "First results from the Cluster wideband plasma wave investigation." Annales Geophysicae 19, no. 10/12 (September 30, 2001): 1259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-1259-2001.
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Abstract. In this report we present the first results from the Cluster wideband plasma wave investigation. The four Cluster spacecraft were successfully placed in closely spaced, high-inclination eccentric orbits around the Earth during two separate launches in July – August 2000. Each spacecraft includes a wideband plasma wave instrument designed to provide high-resolution electric and magnetic field wave-forms via both stored data and direct downlinks to the NASA Deep Space Network. Results are presented for three commonly occurring magnetospheric plasma wave phenomena: (1) whistlers, (2) chorus, and (3) auroral kilometric radiation. Lightning-generated whistlers are frequently observed when the spacecraft is inside the plasmasphere. Usually the same whistler can be detected by all spacecraft, indicating that the whistler wave packet extends over a spatial dimension at least as large as the separation distances transverse to the magnetic field, which during these observations were a few hundred km. This is what would be expected for nonducted whistler propagation. No case has been found in which a strong whistler was detected at one spacecraft, with no signal at the other spacecraft, which would indicate ducted propagation. Whistler-mode chorus emissions are also observed in the inner region of the magnetosphere. In contrast to lightning-generated whistlers, the individual chorus elements seldom show a one-to-one correspondence between the spacecraft, indicating that a typical chorus wave packet has dimensions transverse to the magnetic field of only a few hundred km or less. In one case where a good one-to-one correspondence existed, significant frequency variations were observed between the spacecraft, indicating that the frequency of the wave packet may be evolving as the wave propagates. Auroral kilometric radiation, which is an intense radio emission generated along the auroral field lines, is frequently observed over the polar regions. The frequency-time structure of this radiation usually shows a very good one-to-one correspondence between the various spacecraft. By using the microsecond timing available at the NASA Deep Space Net-work, very-long-baseline radio astronomy techniques have been used to determine the source of the auroral kilometric radiation. One event analyzed using this technique shows a very good correspondence between the inferred source location, which is assumed to be at the electron cyclotron frequency, and a bright spot in the aurora along the magnetic field line through the source.Key words. Ionosphere (wave-particle interactions; wave propagation) – Magnetospheric physics (plasma waves and instabilities; instruments and techniques)
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Михайлов, Ю. М., О. В. Капустина, and Г. И. Дружин. "WHISTLING CHARACTERISTICS DURING PERIODS OF IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES." Вестник КРАУНЦ. Физико-математические науки, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26117/2079-6641-2019-29-4-173-181.
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Представлены результаты наблюдений активности свистов в обс. Карымшина (Камчатка) в период ноябрь-декабрь 2008 г. Этот период характеризовался превышением значений f0F2 и уменьшением hF2 по сравнению с обычным уровнем. Наиболее отчетливо этот эффект наблюдался в Иркутске, однако проявлялся и на Камчатке, хотя был выражен слабее. Такое событие объясняют 4 как изменением состава термосферы, так и возникновением западной составляющей электрического поля и градиента электронной концентрации в максимуме возмущений. Последнее также связывают с изменением направления северной компоненты межпланетного магнитного поля 4. В обычных условиях показатель преломления ОНЧ-волн в дневных условиях выше, чем в ночных 7, а число свистов, напротив, ночью выше, чем днем. 18-19 декабря на Камчатке наблюдалось появление свистящих атмосфериков (СА) днем в таком же количестве, как и ночью, порядка 10 1/мин. В то же время в периоды, следующие за максимумом изменения характеристик ионосферы (23, 24, 27, 29, 30 декабря), наблюдалось резкое возрастание количества свистов в дневное время до 50 1/мин. Возможно, что в данном случае источником свистов являлись атмосферные разряды, инициируемые в тайфуне, который наблюдались вблизи сопряженной области в южном полушарии. Увеличение числа свистов связано с изменением условий захвата на силовой линии L 2.4. The results of observations of whistlers in obs. Karymshina (Kamchatka) in the period November-December 2008 are presented. This period was characterized by an excess of f0F2 values and a decrease in hF2 compared to the usual level. This effect was most clearly observed in Irkutsk, however, it also manifested itself in Kamchatka, although it was less pronounced. Such an event is explained 4 by both a change in the composition of the thermosphere and the appearance of the western component of the electric field and the electron concentration gradient at the maximum of disturbances. The latter is also associated with a change in the direction of the northern component of the interplanetary magnetic field 4. Under normal conditions, the refractive index of VLF waves in daytime conditions is higher than at night 7, and the number of whistlers, on the contrary, is higher at night than during the day. On December 18-19, the appearance of whistling atmospherics in the daytime was observed in Kamchatka in the same amount as at night, about 10 1/min. At the same time, in the periods following the maximum changes in the ionosphere characteristics (23, 24, 27, 29, 30 December), there was a sharp increase in the number of whistles in the daytime to 50 1/min. It is possible that in this case the source of whistles were atmospheric discharges initiated in a typhoon, which were observed near the conjugate region in the southern hemisphere. The increase in the number of whistlers is associated with a change in the conditions of capture on the force line L 2.4.
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Stenberg, G., T. Oscarsson, M. André, A. Vaivads, M. Backrud-Ivgren, Y. Khotyaintsev, L. Rosenqvist, et al. "Internal structure and spatial dimensions of whistler wave regions in the magnetopause boundary layer." Annales Geophysicae 25, no. 11 (November 29, 2007): 2439–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-2439-2007.
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Abstract. We use whistler waves observed close to the magnetopause as an instrument to investigate the internal structure of the magnetopause-magnetosheath boundary layer. We find that this region is characterized by tube-like structures with dimensions less than or comparable with an ion inertial length in the direction perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field. The tubes are revealed as they constitute regions where whistler waves are generated and propagate. We believe that the region containing tube-like structures extend several Earth radii along the magnetopause in the boundary layer. Within the presumed wave generating regions we find current structures moving at the whistler wave group velocity in the same direction as the waves.
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Grigorenko, Elena E., Andrey Y. Malykhin, Elena A. Kronberg, and Evgeny V. Panov. "Quasi-parallel Whistler Waves and Their Interaction with Resonant Electrons during High-velocity Bulk Flows in the Earth’s Magnetotail." Astrophysical Journal 943, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acaf52.
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Abstract In collisionless space, plasma waves are important channels of energy conversion, affecting the local particle velocity distribution functions through wave–particle interactions. In this paper we present a comparative statistical analysis of the characteristics of quasi-parallel narrowband whistler waves and the properties of resonant electrons interacting with these waves during the intervals of earthward and tailward high-velocity bulk flows produced by the near-Earth X-line and observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission spacecraft. We found that on both sides of the X-line, the suprathermal electrons (≥1 keV) having large pitch angles make the major contribution to the maximal growth rate (γ) of these waves. The whistler waves were observed almost simultaneously with strong enhancements of perpendicular magnetic gradients localized at electron scales near dipolarization fronts associated with the earthward bulk flows, and near flux ropes/magnetic islands embedded into the tailward bulk flows. Betatron energization of electrons due to the appearance of such gradients increases the perpendicular anisotropy of electron distribution, which could be responsible for the whistler wave generation. We found that in the course of electron interactions with the whistler waves the lower-energy resonant electrons can transfer a part of their kinetic energy to the higher-energy electrons, especially in the Central Plasma Sheet. This results in formation/enhancement of energy-dependent perpendicular anisotropy and power-law tails in the high-energy range of electron velocity distribution. We conclude that despite the differences in the magnetic structure of the earthward and tailward bulk flows, the mechanisms of the quasi-parallel whistler wave generation and the properties of resonant electrons are quite similar.
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Dorasamy, Nirmala, and Soma Pillay. "Institutionalising a value enacted dominant organisational culture: An impetus for whistleblowing." Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no. 3 (2011): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i3c2p6.
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Whistle blowing on organisational wrongdoing is becoming increasingly prevalent. However, a renewal of existing literature reveals that every potential whistle blower is not always inclined to blow the whistle, despite protection being accorded to whistleblowers through legislation. The cost of blowing the whistle can be a deterrent to potential whistle blowers. It is quite plausible that an organisational culture which institutionalizes a dominant value based system can decrease whistle blowers expectations of retaliation. The purpose of this article is to provide a conceptual framework for a dominant value enacted organisational culture which can serve as an impetus for whistle blowing in the public sector. It is important that organisations make their value systems “lived” practices to motivate potential whistleblowers to report on wrongdoing. It can be argued that the institutionalisation of enacted values can lead to low perceptions of retaliation, which is often a deterrent in blowing the whistle.
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Kropotina, Julia A., Anton V. Artemyev, Andrei M. Bykov, and Dmitri L. Vainchtein. "Interaction of rotational discontinuities with energetic ions in the precursor of the Earth’s bow shock." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2103, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2103/1/012015.
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Abstract We combined in-situ solar wind observations by ARTEMIS and MMS missions with kinetic hybrid simulations to study the interaction of solar wind rotational discontinuities (RDs) with the foreshock of the Earth’s bow shock. We found that whistler modes excited by diffuse energetic particles were strongly coupled with RDs and lead to their temporary dissociation. At the same time, RDs trigger the steepening of whistler waves and the generation of ’shocklets’ - small localised shock-like structures, capable of trapping energetic particles and growing up by absorbing the particles energy.
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Tumuramye, Brenda, Joseph Mpeera Ntayi, and Moses Muhwezi. "Whistle-blowing intentions and behaviour in Ugandan public procurement." Journal of Public Procurement 18, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-06-2018-008.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate the whistle-blowing behaviour in Ugandan public procurement by using whistle-blowing supporting institutions, procuring and disposing entity (PDE) ethical climate and whistle-blowing expectancy. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted using a sample of 118 drawn from a population of 179 central government (PDEs). Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, resulting in 222 usable questionnaires from 70 PDEs, representing a response rate of 62.71 per cent. Findings The results reveal that the whistle-blowing supporting institutions and PDE ethical climate are significant predictors of whistle-blowing intentions and behaviour, accounting for 30.2 per cent of the variance. The authors therefore recommend that whistle-blowing supporting institutions, like the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, should be reviewed and strengthened to promote whistle-blowing intentions and behaviour. This could be done through reviewing the Act to make it enforceable, giving power to the whistle-blowers, strengthening policies, developing safeguards against retaliation by making every chief executive officer in the public sector accountable, increasing whistle-blowing incentives and providing whistle-blowing hotlines for anonymous whistle-blowers. PDEs should also create conducive ethical climates that encourage people to voice their concerns internally or externally, and ethical committees should be established within PDEs and other bodies such as the Inspector General of Government for ensuring that whistle-blowing systems are in place and promoted. There is a need to increase whistle-blowing expectancy through the effective handling of reported cases to their conclusion and the use of role models.
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Goodman, Benny. "Student Life - Blowing the whistle." Nursing Standard 21, no. 48 (August 2007): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.21.48.61.s55.
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Yousaf, Waseem, and Raheel Jamil. "Does Moral Intensity effect the Whistleblowing Intentions." iRASD Journal of Management 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/jom.2020.0202.0019.
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The present study investigates the nexus between whistle-blowing triangle having components like Pressure/Financial Incentives, Opportunity, rationalization, and whistle-blowing intentions by focusing the moral intensity playing a moderating role in the Pakistani context to enhance the body of information on this subject by giving observational demonstrate. The sample in this research is taken from the Karachi Stock Exchange of Pakistan registered audit firms. PLS-PM method based analysis results found a significant relationship between whistle-blowing triangle components, whistle-blowing intentions, and moral intensity. We found that the most significant predictor of the auditor’s intentions to report the wrongdoing in Pakistan is an opportunity. Pressure/Financial Incentives and rationalization, the other components of the whistle-blowing triangle, also play a vital role in assisting the auditor’s whistle-blowing intentions. These investigation findings proposed that an opportunity is the priority factor for enhancing the auditor’s whistle-blowing intentions in Pakistan. Our results also concluded that the moral intensity significantly and positively moderates this relation among the whistle-blowing triangle and intentions to report the wrongdoing. This study also provides insights to the society in better understanding the whistle-blowing concept, an issue neglected by society.
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Menietti, J. D., O. Santolik, A. M. Rymer, G. B. Hospodarsky, D. A. Gurnett, and A. J. Coates. "Analysis of plasma waves observed in the inner Saturn magnetosphere." Annales Geophysicae 26, no. 9 (September 9, 2008): 2631–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-2631-2008.
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Abstract. Plasma waves observed in the Saturn magnetosphere provide an indication of the plasma population present in the rotationally dominated inner magnetosphere. Electrostatic cyclotron emissions often with harmonics and whistler mode emission are a common feature of Saturn's inner magnetosphere. The electron observations for a region near 5 RS outside and near a plasma injection region indicate a cooler low-energy (<100 eV), nearly isotropic plasma, and a much warmer (E>1000 eV) more pancake or butterfly distribution. We model the electron plasma distributions to conduct a linear dispersion analysis of the wave modes. The results suggest that the electrostatic electron cyclotron emissions can be generated by phase space density gradients associated with a loss cone that may be up to 20° wide. This loss cone is sometimes, but not always, observed because the field of view of the electron detectors does not include the magnetic field line at the time of the observations. The whistler mode emission can be generated by the pancake-like distribution and temperature anisotropy (T⊥/T||>1) of the warmer plasma population.
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Miceli, Marcia P., Bonnie L. Roach, and Janet P. Near. "The Motivations of Anonymous Whistle-Blowers: The Case of Federal Employees." Public Personnel Management 17, no. 3 (September 1988): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102608801700304.
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The “Deep Throat” case during Watergate — in which a well-placed unidentified source called attention to governmental wrongdoing — exemplifies the complexities created by anonymous whistle-blowing. What anonymous whistle-blowers may lose in credibility they gain in protection from reprisal. The trade-offs facing the potential whistle-blower who decides to remain unidentified are examined empirically using survey data from 8500 federal employees. Propositions derived from a model of bystander intervention (Latané & Darley, 1970) are investigated, with consideration of three decision points: whether the observer of organizational wrongdoing should blow the whistle, whether the whistle-blower should act anonymously, and whether the whistle-blower should report the wrong-doing through internal channels or to someone outside the organization. The results suggest a compounding of the last two decisions: in fact, the choice of channels represents one of four distinct strategies. Whistle-blowers may be anonymous or identified with either external or internal channels, but the conditions under which they do so vary dramatically. The whistle-blower who, like “Deep Throat,” chooses to use an anonymous external channel faces a series of interrelated and complex decisions.
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Zakaria, Maheran, Siti Noor Azmawaty Abd Razak, and Muhammad Saiful Anuar Yusoff. "The Theory of Planned Behaviour as a Framework for Whistle-Blowing Intentions." Review of European Studies 8, no. 3 (July 19, 2016): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v8n3p221.
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<p>This study adopts the Theory of Planned Behaviour as an underlying model to investigate its relevance, by examining the link between attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control to account for whistle-blowing intentions. The data were analysed using a structural equation modelling (SEM) technique with the use of Partial Least Square approach (PLS). Using a sample of 262 Malaysian police officers, the analysis showed that TPB provides a sound framework for predicting both internal and external whistle-blowing intentions. Additionally, both internal and external whistle-blowing intentions are significantly influenced by attitude. Subjective norm is found to positively influence internal whistle-blowing intentions, while perceived behavioural control positively influences external whistle-blowing intentions. Hence, it is hoped that the results of this study will be a useful source of information to law makers, policy makers, institutions, management and the like in supporting whistle-blowing practices and thus enhancing accountability and strengthening good corporate governance in work places.</p>
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Knight, Kathryn. "Wapiti whistles sound like Ringwraith shrieks." Journal of Experimental Biology 219, no. 8 (April 15, 2016): 1087.1–1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.141135.
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Zaliznyak, Yu A., T. A. Davydova, and A. I. Yakimenko. "New types of stable nonlinear whistler waveguides." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2002): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-9-125-2002.
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Abstract. The stationary self-focusing of whistler waves with frequencies near half of the electron-cyclotron frequency in the ionospheric plasma is considered in the framework of a two-dimensional generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation including fourth-order dispersion effects and nonlinearity saturation. New types of soliton-like (with zero topological charge) and vortex-like nonlinear waveguides are found, and their stability confirmed both analytically and numerically.
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Shaaban, S. M., M. Lazar, P. H. Yoon, and S. Poedts. "Quasilinear approach of the cumulative whistler instability in fast solar wind: Constraints of electron temperature anisotropy." Astronomy & Astrophysics 627 (July 2019): A76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935515.
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Context. Solar outflows are a considerable source of free energy that accumulates in multiple forms such as beaming (or drifting) components, or temperature anisotropies, or both. However, kinetic anisotropies of plasma particles do not grow indefinitely and particle-particle collisions are not efficient enough to explain the observed limits of these anisotropies. Instead, self-generated wave instabilities can efficiently act to constrain kinetic anisotropies, but the existing approaches are simplified and do not provide satisfactory explanations. Thus, small deviations from isotropy shown by the electron temperature (T) in fast solar winds are not explained yet. Aims. This paper provides an advanced quasilinear description of the whistler instability driven by the anisotropic electrons in conditions typical for the fast solar winds. The enhanced whistler-like fluctuations may constrain the upper limits of temperature anisotropy A ≡ T⊥/T∥ > 1, where ⊥, ∥ are defined with respect to the magnetic field direction. Methods. We studied self-generated whistler instabilities, cumulatively driven by the temperature anisotropy and the relative (counter)drift of electron populations, for example, core and halo electrons. Recent studies have shown that quasi-stable states are not bounded by linear instability thresholds but an extended quasilinear approach is necessary to describe these quasi-stable states in this case. Results. Marginal conditions of stability are obtained from a quasilinear theory of cumulative whistler instability and approach the quasi-stable states of electron populations reported by the observations. The instability saturation is determined by the relaxation of both the temperature anisotropy and relative drift of electron populations.
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Nawawi, Anuar, and Ahmad Saiful Azlin Puteh Salin. "To whistle or not to whistle? Determinants and consequences." Journal of Financial Crime 26, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 260–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-10-2017-0090.
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PurposeMany corporate scandals that occurred recently have indicated the importance of a whistle-blowing mechanism in preventing fraud and malpractices from damaging the organizations. By selecting one organization that has experienced a corporate scandal, this study aims to examine factors that influence employee’s intention to blow the whistle to prevent malpractices in the company. In addition, this study also examines the perceptions of employees regarding the business culture in their organization and how this culture impacts their intention to whistle-blow.Design/methodology/approachThis study engages in a mixed method of data collection, namely, survey questionnaire and interviews to gather the data.FindingsIt is found that retaliation is the most important factor that influences the employee’s intention to whistle-blow, followed by the burden to prove the malpractices, cost implications as a result of the wrongdoing and the action taken by the authority as a result of the fraud reporting. In terms of business culture, a large number of employees are reluctant to become a whistle-blower, although a secured and safe whistle-blowing mechanism is in place, indicating that Asian customs of collectivism and assertiveness play a major part in shaping the whistle-blowing mechanism in Malaysian organizations.Research limitations/implicationsThe results provide further confirmation of the determinants that influence employees to report wrongdoings in the organizations. This study however may subject to self-reported data biasness because of sensitivity of the research that related to fraud and immoral behaviours that occur in the company. Owing to this sensitivity, the study only focuses on employees’ internal whistle-blowing intentions rather than their actual intentions.Practical implicationsThis study helps the management to understand the working culture in the company so that they can identify the weak area of governance which needs improvement such as whistle-blower protection.Originality/valueThis study is original, as it focuses on the employees in a big organization such as government link companies that have experienced corporate scandals albeit having whistle-blowing mechanism in place. In addition, the finding of this study contributes to the theory and body of the literature on the whistle-blowing determinants, currently scarce in the context of a developing country like Malaysia.
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Mason, Chris, and John Simmons. "Rage against the machine: moral anger in whistleblowing." Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal 14, no. 3 (August 29, 2019): 337–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrom-10-2017-1572.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer a theoretical framework of whistleblowing that gives due recognition to the emotional and reflexive processes that underpin it. Modes of anger are integrated into the model based on a reading of Geddes and Callister (2007), and developed by Lindebaum and Geddes (2016) work on moral anger. Design/methodology/approach The model is derived by interrogation of the extant literature on whistleblowing with due recognition accorded to emotional and reflexive dimensions that have been underrepresented in previous research. The model was tested by a qualitative study that uses memoir analysis to interrogate a board level whistle-blower’s account of the complex, traumatic and like-changing nature of his experience. Findings The paper identifies key stages in whistle-blower thinking before, during and subsequent to a decision to expose corporate wrongdoing. It demonstrates how emotional and reflexive processes influence a whistle-blower’s mode of anger expression, and how different perspectives by the whistle-blower and the focal organisation may view this expression as moral or deviant anger. Research limitations/implications The complexity of the whistleblowing process, together with possible alternative perspectives of it, makes identifying every influencing variable extremely challenging. Also, reliance on a whistle-blower’s own account of his experience means that recall may be partial or self-serving. The model can be used to analyse other whistle-blower accounts of their experience, and further confirm its applicability. Originality/value This is the first application of memoir analysis to a whistle-blower’s account of his experience that relates modes of anger expression to stages in the whistleblowing episode. It addresses a significant imbalance in whistleblowing research that hitherto has emphasised rationality in whistle-blower decision making and downplayed the influence of reflexivity and emotion.
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Knight, Kathryn. "Nessus sphinx hawkmoth caterpillars whistle like kettles." Journal of Experimental Biology 221, no. 4 (February 15, 2018): jeb176040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.176040.
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Schlicht, Anja. "GRACE Accelerometers Sensitive to Ionosphere Plasma Waves: Similarities between Twangs and Whistlers." Geosciences 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12060228.
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Electrostatic space accelerometers are high-precision instruments used in gravity and magnetic fields and in fundamental physics missions. From their first use in space, these instruments show disturbances around the read-out frequency. In recent missions like Swarm and GRACE-FO, these instruments are seriously compromised. Their capability cannot be fully exploited or, in the worst case, not used for science data processing at all. We currently neither understand the mechanism nor the cause of the disturbance. For that reason, every correlation, direct or indirect, between signatures in the accelerometer data and other phenomena in the satellite environment is very important to study. In the GRACE mission, some of the disturbances relate to onboard current switching processes, such as switching of heater and torquer currents. In this paper, we examine the phenomena called twangs. The shape of these disturbances is responsible for their name, because they look like a decaying tone. Some of these twangs seem to relate to changing currents, too. They occur when sunlight hits surfaces of the satellite. This can cause the discharging of satellite parts. Here, we focus on special twangs, which we call cloud-related twangs, as recent investigations related them to cloud coverage. How can clouds in the troposphere influence a satellite, orbiting in the ionosphere? We investigated the troposphere–ionosphere coupling and found that the only coupling which can be responsible for disturbances on satellites and which may affect the accelerometers, are electromagnetic waves traveling in the so-called whistler mode at frequencies in the very-low-frequency (VLF) domain. This special propagation mode is a coupled electromagnetic and electrostatic mode. There, the electric field vector has a component in the direction of propagation due to the interaction with ions and the magnetic field in the ionosphere and magnetosphere. This led us to investigate the similarities between whistlers and twangs. The hypothesis that they are related is very important in our further understanding of disturbances on satellite instruments sensible to electromagnetic pulses in the range of very low frequencies and below.
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Watton, J. "The Effect of Drain Orifice Damping on the Performance Characteristics of a Servovalve Flapper/Nozzle Stage." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 109, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3143812.
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The effect of a return line orifice on the steady-state performance and dynamic characteristics of a servovalve flapper/nozzle stage is investigated. Generalized design characteristics are initially developed and a specific application is then pursued by including torque motor dynamics. The possible cause of high frequency whistle within such systems is then discussed. A sufficient condition for valve whistle is established and shown to be critically dependent upon the supply pressure.
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Abbas, Nargis, and Uzma Ashiq. "Why I don’t Blow the Whistle? Perceived Barriers by the University Teachers to Report Wrong Doings." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 4, no. 2 (November 25, 2020): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.2.8.
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Whistle blowing is a term used to report the unethical act of colleagues and wrongdoings within the organization. Bringing attention towards the misconducts and organization’s effective response accordingly improves the productivity and quality of services. However, this generates the potential threats of organizational and interpersonal conflicts for the whistle-blower thus leads often failure in reporting by the personals or employees. This study explores the perceived barriers by the university teachers, which may hinder the process of reporting wrongdoings. Social constructionism qualitative research design is used. At first phase, face-to-face interviews of six faculty members and narrative research design has been used. At second phase, three focused group discussion sessions with total 24 participants, were carried out in three public sector universities of Punjab, purposively selected. Analysis shows that the people hesitate to blow the whistle due to psychological, social, and organizational barriers, like, fear of joblessness, security threats, lack of supportive organizational polices, lack of adequate mechanism for blowing the whistle, the personal waded interest of the personals. However, this procedure can be enhanced by addressing the issue well in time, adequate security measures, ensured job security for the whistle-blowers, and adoption of a well-developed reporting mechanism in the universities.
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Verheest, Frank, and Peter Meuris. "Whistler-like instabilities due to charge fluctuations in dusty plasmas." Physics Letters A 198, no. 3 (February 1995): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(95)00051-4.
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Xie, Lei, Jiahui Zhu, Yuqing Jia, and Huifang Chen. "Bionic Covert Underwater Acoustic Communication Based on Time–Frequency Contour of Bottlenose Dolphin Whistle." Entropy 24, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24050720.
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In order to meet the requirements of communication security and concealment, as well as to protect marine life, bionic covert communication has become a hot research topic for underwater acoustic communication (UAC). In this paper, we propose a bionic covert UAC (BC-UAC) method based on the time–frequency contour (TFC) of the bottlenose dolphin whistle, which can overcome the safety problem of traditional low signal–noise ratio (SNR) covert communication and make the detected communication signal be excluded as marine biological noise. In the proposed BC-UAC method, the TFC of the bottlenose dolphin whistle is segmented to improve the transmission rate. Two BC-UAC schemes based on the segmented TFC of the whistle, the BC-UAC scheme using the whistle signal with time-delay (BC-UAC-TD) and the BC-UAC scheme using the whistle signal with frequency-shift (BC-UAC-FS), are addressed. The original whistle signal is used as a synchronization signal. Moreover, the virtual time reversal mirror (VTRM) technique is adopted to equalize the channel for mitigating the multipath effect. The performance of the proposed BC-UAC method, in terms of the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and bit error rate (BER), is evaluated under simulated and measured underwater channels. Numerical results show that the proposed BC-UAC method performs well on covertness and reliability. Furthermore, the covertness of the bionic modulated signal in BC-UAC-TD is better than that of BC-UAC-FS, although the reliability of BC-UAC-FS is better than that of BC-UAC-TD.
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Kotenko, Viktoriia V., and Yurii O. Puholovok. "Clay Toys of Early Modern Childhood (on the Materials of Poltava City)." SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL, no. 34 (2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2020.i34.p.21.
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The article deals with a group of ceramic toys originating from the archaeological excavations of Poltava city of the Early Modern period. The results of researches of urban centers in Ukraine show interesting material, which differs depending on the region, social and economic development, and other things. The things, which related to the world of childhood in the Hetmanate, are very important. Such finds represented mainly by clay toys. They are dividing into several categories. The compiling of the source base for this article began in the 1990s, when excavations within modern Poltava became systematic. Also there is considered the fact, that the collection of clay toys from Poltava is large, compared to other cities of Early Modern Europe. Archaeological materials have created a foundation for the study of various aspects of everyday life of citizens, including children. In Early Modern times, clay toys represented mainly by figures of animals (including birds), people, and small copies of household vessels. Most of them belong to the miniature dishes, which were represented mainly by pots-“monetary”. There are also bowls, jugs, mugs, and lids. Such products repeated mainly all forms of traditional ceramics, differing only in size. Miniature pottery probably reflected some part of the “adult” life of the Early Modern time. Musical instruments represent another group of clay toys. These were mostly zoomorphic whistles, which differed in technique and sound. The third category of toys includes anthropomorphic ceramic figurines, among which the image of a lady («bárynia») or a rider predominates. They can be used in children’s figurative play. There is a suggestion that toys helped the younger generation to get some skills in using household items or future social roles. Therefore, archaeological researches made it possible to shed some light on the life of the citizens of Early Modern Poltava. Keywords: Early Modern times, Hetmanate, Poltava, clay toy, miniature vessel, whistle, ceramic figurine.
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Sadiq, Kerrie. "Country notes: Tax and Whistle-Blower Protection: Part of a Commitment to Tackling Tax Misconduct in Australia." Intertax 46, Issue 5 (May 1, 2018): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2018044.
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Many jurisdictions face the question of whether to legislate to introduce a whistle-blower protection regime for disclosures of information regarding breaches of tax laws or misconduct relating to an entity’s tax affairs. To this extent, Australia is no exception and is in the process of passing legislation through Parliament to insert a comprehensive regime into the Taxation Administration Act 1953 for the protection of individuals who report breaches of the tax laws or misconduct. Like all regulatory reform, the introduction of the legislation has been a lengthy and controversial process which began with an announcement by the Government as part of their Federal Budget in May 2016. This article discusses Australia’s historical and recent approach to whistle-blower protection, provides an analysis of the processes which resulted in legislation being proposed and analyses some of the fundamental elements of the proposed whistle-blower protection regime for tax matters.
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Kook, Hoon, Nakwon Choe, Hae-Jin Kee, Sung-Mi Kim, Ji-Young Kim, Dong-Kyun Han, Hee-Jo Baek, et al. "Identification and Characterization of Novel SET Domain-Containing Histone Lysine Methyltransferase and Implications of Histone Methylation in Acute Leukemia." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 2227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.2227.2227.
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Abstract Evolutionally conserved SET domains, which methylate histone lysine residues, and thereby methylation of histones have been implicated in diverse malignancies including leukemias or multiple myelomas. Here we describe novel SET domain-containing proteins with histone methyltransferase (HMTase) activity and their characteristics. Using bioinformatics for homology screening, SET-domain containing proteins named WHISTLE, WHSC1-like 1 isoform 9 with methyltransferase activity to lysine, and RE-IIBP, interleukin-5 response element II binding protein, were identified. By mass spectrometric and immunoblot analysis, we demonstrated that WHISTLE dimethylates H9K4 and di-, and tri-methylates H3K27, while RE-IIBP methylates only H9K27. WHISTLE and RE-IIBP repressed transcription of the SV40 and IL-5 promoter activity and they recruited histone deacetylase. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that shRNA-mediated knockdown of RE-IIBP reduces histone methylation on the IL-5 promoter. Both proteins induce apoptosis in leukemic cells via caspase-3 activation. In acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, the expression of RE-IIBP and WHISTLE was increased, which was accompanied with increase in the methylation histone 3. These data illustrate the important regulatory role of novel SET domain proteins with HMTase activity in transcriptional regulation and apoptosis, thereby pointing to the critical role in leukemogenesis.
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Tseng, Lu-Ming, and Yue-Min Kang. "Anti-harassment policy, manager integrity and intention to report customer sexual harassment." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 36, no. 5 (July 6, 2015): 570–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-12-2013-0157.
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Purpose – Prior research showed that sexual harassment by customers is a widespread and serious problem for service workers. However, some of the service workers may be unwilling to report this problem to their managers because customers are important for them and for the interests of the organization. Moreover, reporting customer sexual harassment could be embarrassing and may prompt retaliation against those service workers. The purpose of this paper is to focus on salespeople’s intention to report customer sexual harassment to their immediate managers, and how the whistle-blowing intention is affected by the salespeople’s perception of anti-harassment policy, manager integrity and risks of blowing the whistle. Design/methodology/approach – To test the relationships among the variables, the data acquisition procedure yielded the responses of 251 full-time life insurance salespeople in Taiwan. Findings – The findings showed that salesperson perception of anti-harassment policy and manager integrity were positively associated with the salespeople’s whistle-blowing intention. Gender, age and personal experience of being sexually harassed by customers also related to the whistle-blowing intention. Originality/value – Customer sexual harassment has seldom been discussed in the relevant literature. The potential impacts of manager integrity on the prevention of customer sexual harassment in service work have also been less mentioned.
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Rensink, Eelco. "Blowing the Whistle Again." Archaeological Dialogues 2, no. 2 (November 1995): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s138020380000043x.
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First of all, I would like to thank F. Audouze, C. Gamble and T. Murray for their written reactions to my article. I see their commentaries as both interesting and informative and the remarks put forward by them as being relevant to regional upper palaeolithic research in general. The value of their comments is not, in my opinion, limited only to researchers of the northern Magdalenian. With this in mind, I hope that the current discussion is seen as a positive development also by palaeolithic archaeologists working in other areas using other databases. Although each of the commentaries vary greatly in content, they all share an important common theme: the value of ethnographic generalizations remains uncertain even for the later phases of the Palaeolithic. That I subscribe to this point of view should surprise nobody who has read my article. It is important that we, in Gamble's words, ‘become our own ethnographers of the Magdalenian’, without doing damage to the heuristic value of models such as those postulated by Binford.
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Francis, R. D., A. F. Armstrong, and I. Foxley. "Whistleblowing: a three part view." Journal of Financial Crime 22, no. 2 (May 5, 2015): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-03-2014-0011.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide contrasting views on whistleblowing, and offers a three-fold view of whistleblowing. First, it gives some formal arguments. Second, it provides an account of whistleblowing from a whistle-blowers perspective. Third, it provides advice to potential whistle-blowers. Its main purpose is to outline the kinds of arguments in favour of whistleblowing, express some concerns and to provide advice in the form of suggestions. Design/methodology/approach – The initial two sections are provided to compare and contrast the academic and the practical consequences of deciding to blow the whistle. As such, it provides accounts that are meant to compare and contrast the two very different approaches. The final section gives suggestions for consideration for those contemplating blowing the whistle. Findings – The findings of this study are such that it is an argument rather then empirical data; notwithstanding, the perspectives that it brings to bear all point to the value of honesty, and its role as a justification for whistleblowing. Advice and suggestions stem from two rather different realms of discourse. The advice to prospective whistle-blowers is derived from extensive experience on the part of many. It is composed of both what questions to ask oneself, and what one must do to be self-protective. Originality/value – It is argued that corruption has little to commend it apart from the personal benefit of the corrupt acquisition of wealth, whereas openness and honesty appear to be a self-sustaining enterprise. Whistleblowing both enhances the quality of life in that it sustains the democratic process, and may well be related to economic prosperity. In all of this, the merit of transparency is basic.
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Stansbury, Jason M., and Bart Victor. "Whistle-Blowing Among Young Employees: A Life-Course Perspective." Journal of Business Ethics 85, no. 3 (May 14, 2008): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9770-8.
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Bhat, H. Hari Kishore, and Varsha Haridas Upadya. "Correction of whistle deformity secondary to cleft lip repair by V-Y plasty: a simple and effective technique." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 12 (December 2021): e246303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-246303.
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Several techniques are available for the surgical repair of the cleft lip, however, avoiding secondary deformities and achieving consistent results remains a challenge. The whistle deformity is a secondary lip deformity characterised by inadequate fullness of the central upper lip with abnormal exposure of the central incisors when the lips are at rest, giving a whistling appearance. The causes include scarring of the vermilion and failure to restore the mucosal or muscular continuity. Various surgical options are available ranging from simple procedures like V-Y plasty and Z-plasty to complex procedures like complete lip redo, locoregional flaps, fillers and grafts. V-Y plasty is a simple, effective procedure for lip lengthening that can be performed under local anaesthesia as an outpatient procedure. It is less technique sensitive and also allows for some degree of muscle repair. We present a case of whistle deformity satisfactorily corrected with V-Y plasty.
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Dalola, Amanda. "#YouAreWhatYouTweetCHHH: Identity and fricative epithesis in French-language tweets." Journal of French Language Studies 32, no. 2 (July 2022): 243–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269522000047.
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AbstractPhrase-final fricative epithesis (PFFE), often indicated in informal writing with a final -h or -ch, e.g. beaucoup_h, oui_ch, is a sociophonetic variable of Hexagonal French in which utterance-final vowels give way to intense fricative-like whistles. Production research has found PFFE to be used at equal rates among men and women, and perception research has found that native French speakers perceive it to mark either formal speech or intense affect. This research furthers the special issue’s line of inquiry on French variation in forms of digital media by extending the analysis to a sociophonetic variable with a robust life on Twitter. The study compares the pragmatic value of tweets containing PFFE with previously described values and then examines interactions of gender, hostword phrasal location and lexical frequency on its realization. 96.8% of PFFE occurrences in the 2060-token corpus were classified into the pragmatic categories of Formality and Intense Affect. Results suggest that PFFE has become a salient enough sociophonetic variable that 21st-century French users represent it graphically in their tweets, however, its usage is structurally more permissive than in spoken language, signaling that it has taken on an iconic value in digital spaces.
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Marwaha, Karn. "Corporate governance and whistle blowing in India: promises or reality?" International Journal of Law and Management 59, no. 3 (May 8, 2017): 430–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-12-2015-0064.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper was to analyze the legal provisions relating to the protection extended to the private company employees who blows the whistle. It is a major requirement of the country that Whistle Blowers Protection Act should not only be made compulsory for public sector but also be made compulsory for private companies of any size so that illegal activities could be identified and major risk could be avoided. Presently, private sector is growing rapidly, and it has a growth in way of economic resources, and private sector is also entering into the public domain by privatization, so exclusion of private sector by the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011 is very dangerous. Design/methodology/approach The researcher has resorted to primary as well as secondary sources of data. The primary sources of data are the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011, Official Secrets Act, 1923, Right to Information Act, 2005, The 179th Law commission report, report of Second Administrative Reforms Commissions, 2007 and recommendations made by Parliamentary Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievance, Law and Justice, 2011. The secondary data are the books and articles of different authors. Findings This Act provides a mechanism to receive complaints and inquire into the allegations of corruption or willful misuse of power by the public servants only. Although, this act has not come into existence, but on bare perusal, it seems to be inadequate and still needs more amendments for efficient outcomes or else the zeal of whistle blowers particularly in a private sector will fade away. The need of exhaustive and complete law is also necessary so that the evils like corruption can be curbed completely and effectively. Originality/value Private sector, if included in the above-mentioned act, would definitely resolve the problem, but on the same hand, it will raise the question of space that needs to be given to private organization. So in concluding remarks, the author would like to suggest that, to improve the organizational quality of private sector, there should be a national legislation which should deal with substantial guidelines that needs to be adopted by private companies. There is a significant need to raise the standard of corporate governance in India, only then it could achieve stability, transparency and growth.
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Gao, Xinliang, Wen Li, Richard M. Thorne, Jacob Bortnik, Vassilis Angelopoulos, Quanming Lu, Xin Tao, and Shui Wang. "New evidence for generation mechanisms of discrete and hiss-like whistler mode waves." Geophysical Research Letters 41, no. 14 (July 16, 2014): 4805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014gl060707.
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Gao, Zhonglei, Zhenpeng Su, Lunjin Chen, Huinan Zheng, Yuming Wang, and Shui Wang. "Van Allen Probes observations of whistler-mode chorus with long-lived oscillating tones." Geophysical Research Letters 44, no. 12 (June 22, 2017): 5909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017gl073420.
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Treumann, R. A., and W. Baumjohann. "Brief Communication: Weibel, Firehose and Mirror mode relations." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 21, no. 1 (January 22, 2014): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-143-2014.
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Abstract. Excitation of Weibel magnetic fields in an initially non-magnetized though anisotropic plasma may trigger other low-frequency instabilities fed by pressure anisotropy. It is shown that under Weibel-like stable conditions the Weibel-like thermal fluctuation magnetic field allows for restricted Firehose-mode growth. In addition, low-frequency Whistlers can also propagate in the plasma under certain anisotropic conditions. When the Weibel-like mode becomes unstable, Firehose instability ceases but Mirror modes take over. This will cause bubble structures in the Weibel-like field in addition to filamentation.
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Davidesco, Itamar, and Roee Diamant. "Detection of Dolphin Whistle-Like Biomimicking Signals by Phase Analysis." IEEE Access 10 (2022): 36868–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3165058.
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Řeháková-Petrů, Milada, Richard Policht, and Lubomír Peške. "Acoustic Repertoire of the Philippine Tarsier (Tarsius syrichta fraterculus) and Individual Variation of Long-Distance Calls." International Journal of Zoology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/602401.
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We present the spectrographic description of the vocal repertoire of the Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta fraterculus), a solitary living nocturnal primate for which a very limited information about acoustic communication exists to date. The majority of vocalizations were performed around sunset and, less frequently, at sunrise. We identified eight call types. Five calls recorded during communication between adults included three long-distance calls—loud call, smack-whistle, and whistle—then a soft locust-like chirp and a bird-like trill. Two other calls—cheep and twitter—were recorded during mother-infant communication. One distress call was emitted by adults during handling. All calls were performed in the 9752 Hz to more than 22 kHz frequency range. This study provides the first evidence of individual variation in the long-distance calls performed by tarsiers. Moreover, our study provides a basis for future comparison within as well as between tarsier species taxonomy. Bioacoustic methods can be used in monitoring of these cryptic species and determining their distribution range. Thus, bioacoustic studies can help to improve conservation strategies of different population/species.
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Dworkin, Terry Morehead, and Janet P. Near. "A Better Statutory Approach to Whistle-blowing." Business Ethics Quarterly 7, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857229.
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Abstract:Statutory approaches toward whistle-blowing currently appear to be based on the assumption that most observers of wrongdoing will report it unless deterred from doing so by fear of retaliation. Yet our review of research from studies of whistle-blowing behavior suggests that this assumption is unwarranted. We propose that an alternative legislative approach would prove more successful in encouraging valid whistle-blowing and describe a model for such legislation that would increase self-monitoring of ethical behavior by organizations, with obvious benefits to society at large.A defense contractor’s inspectors used improper calibration standards when inspecting missile parts and other military products, used noncertified inspectors when inspecting such products, and used employees without top-secret clearance to work on classified projects. This created potentially life-threatening products as well as potential compromises of military secrets.Quality-control officials on the Trans Alaska Pipeline were threatened with physical harm, demoted, and spied on in an effort to force them not to turn in negative reports or report problems. As a result, the likelihood of damaging oil spills due to improperly built and maintained equipment is heightened.A major corporation allegedly initiated an analysis of the cost savings that would result from circumventing or reducing compliance with health, safety and environmental standards. Two officers who objected to this noncompliance cost/benefit analysis were subsequently fired.
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Anderson, D. N., P. M. Kintner, and M. C. Kelley. "Inference of equatorial field-line-integrated electron density values using whistlers." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 47, no. 8-10 (August 1985): 989–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(85)90078-9.
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Treumann, Rudolf A., and Wolfgang Baumjohann. "Electron mirror branch: observational evidence from “historical” AMPTE-IRM and Equator-S measurements." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 6 (November 28, 2018): 1563–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1563-2018.
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Abstract. Based on now “historical” magnetic observations, supported by few available plasma data, and wave spectra from the AMPTE-IRM spacecraft, and also on “historical” Equator-S high-cadence magnetic field observations of mirror modes in the magnetosheath near the dayside magnetopause, we present observational evidence for a recent theoretical evaluation by Noreen et al. (2017) of the contribution of a global (bulk) electron temperature anisotropy to the evolution of mirror modes, giving rise to a separate electron mirror branch. We also refer to related low-frequency lion roars (whistlers) excited by the trapped resonant electron component in the high-temperature anisotropic collisionless plasma of the magnetosheath. These old data most probably indicate that signatures of the anisotropic electron effect on mirror modes had indeed already been observed long ago in magnetic and wave data, though they had not been recognised as such. Unfortunately either poor time resolution or complete lack of plasma data would have inhibited the confirmation of the required pressure balance in the electron branch for unambiguous confirmation of a separate electron mirror mode. If confirmed by future high-resolution observations (like those provided by the MMS mission), in both cases the large mirror mode amplitudes suggest that mirror modes escape quasilinear saturation, being in a state of weak kinetic plasma turbulence. As a side product, this casts as erroneous the frequent claim that the excitation of lion roars (whistlers) would eventually saturate the mirror instability by depleting the bulk temperature anisotropy. Whistlers, excited in mirror modes, just flatten the anisotropy of the small population of resonant electrons responsible for them, without having any effect on the global electron-pressure anisotropy, which causes the electron branch and by no means at all on the ion-mirror instability. For the confirmation of both the electron mirror branch and its responsibility for trapping of electrons and resonantly exciting high-frequency whistlers, also known as lion roars, high time- and energy-resolution observations of electrons (as provided for instance by MMS) are required.
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Campbell, Tom. "Rugby." Ology: Reviews in Applied Sciences 1 (October 3, 2018): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14297/ras.v1i1.2.
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Rugby the afterlife explores the transition from playing career to a life after the final whistle blows. The book, which is framed against a changing landscape as rugby entered the professional era, presents the individual accounts of how 23 former all blacks players navigated this transition. The author, Wynne Gray, is an award winning sport journalist living in New Zealand.
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White, Gertrude M. ""Imagination of the Heart: The Life of Walter de la Mare," by Theresa Whistler." Chesterton Review 20, no. 2 (1994): 342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chesterton1994202/3104.
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Viktorov, M. E., A. G. Shalashov, E. D. Gospodchikov, N. Yu Semin, and S. V. Golubev. "Zebra-like patterns in whistler wave emission spectra from nonequilibrium mirror-confined laboratory plasma." Physics of Plasmas 27, no. 6 (June 2020): 062104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0004110.
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Zakaria, Maheran, Rahayu Abdul Rahman, and Hasnun Anip Bustaman. "Exploring a Model of Whistle Blowing System for Malaysian Municipal Council." International Journal of Financial Research 11, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n3p62.
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A municipal council is one of the local authorities established under the auspice of Malaysian local government. The objective is to deliver services to a community under its jurisdiction in a sustainable manner, but evidences indicated that the service qualities have deteriorated due to numerous malpractices. The malpractices could be prevented should any of the insiders who witness the incidences whistle blow to those who have power to act. However, not many are willing to report for fear of reprisal, retaliation and even life threatening. Despite that a whistleblowing system is established to encourage whistleblowing, such system has yet to be formed in any of Malaysian municipal councils. Intrigued with the issue, the objective of this study is to explore a model of whistle blowing system for a Malaysian municipal council. A hermeneutic phenomenography study was conducted in which data were gathered through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The participants consisted of four top management and sixty officials from a Malaysian municipal council. Data were analyzed qualitatively using Nvivo 14 and triangulated with other source of documents. The findings from emergent themes proposed a model of the whistleblowing system that consisted of four elements namely protection, internal control policies, incentives and ethical culture. This discovery provides useful insights to policy makers, relevant authorities, and academic fraternities of the model of whistle blowing system that will alleviate malpractices and thus elevate the transparency, efficiency and integrity of the municipal council to the fullest.
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Orsi, Richard J. "“Hear That Lonesome [Police] Whistle Blow”." California History 97, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 27–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2020.97.2.27.
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When introduced in the nineteenth century, railroads were one of humankind's most transformational technologies. Like similar transformations such as the printing press and the automobile, railroads did more than advance technology. They fundamentally altered the entire social and cultural fabric, including basic relationships between people and time, distance, geography, class, and gender. Railroads also introduced new types of crime and criminal organization to the nineteenth-century West, and indeed to the entire nation and globe. These criminal activities quickly spread across wide geographic expanses. Railroads and society at large responded by altering the measures of social control through new forms of law enforcement, only one of which was the creation of private railroad-company police forces. In our own era, similar revolutionary information and communications technologies erupted upon a cultural and institutional world woefully unprepared to deal with them. As was true for nineteenth-century railroading, the results today have been new, ever-evolving forms of crime that plague individuals, companies, institutions, and governments, while baffling ill-equipped law enforcement agencies. The internet spammers, hackers, phishers, stalkers, swindlers, pedophiles, money launderers, identity thieves, election fixers, and cyberterrorists of today share a lineage with the railroad pickpockets, arsonists, ticket forgers, train robbers and wreckers, and hatchet-wielding hoboes of yesterday. Examining the railroads' transformation of crime and violence can shed light on today's tribulations with information technology, as well as on possible ways to deal with them.