Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wheelchair and seating systems

Academic literature on the topic 'Wheelchair and seating systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Wheelchair and seating systems"

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Nace, Susan, John Tiernan, and Aisling Ní Annaidh. "Manufacturing custom-contoured wheelchair seating: A state-of-the-art review." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 43, no. 4 (March 21, 2019): 382–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364619836028.

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Background:Custom-contoured wheelchair seating lowers risk of pressure injury and postural deterioration while custom-contoured wheelchair seating lowers risk of pressure injury and postural deterioration while increasing the stability and functional activity of the wheelchair occupant. Producing custom-contoured seating systems has historically been a labour-intensive process custom-contoured seating systems is historically labour-intensive.Objectives:Evaluate the strengths and limitations of current manufacturing processes for custom-contoured wheelchair seating to suggest potential future manufacturing processes.Study Design:Literature review of the state of the art.Methods:Research conducted through a literature review focused on the performance of different types of custom-contoured wheelchair seating products and processes over the last 40 years. Recent literature in orthotics and prosthetics was also consulted to assess future trends in seating.Results:There are five main manufacturing processes currently used to produce custom-contoured wheelchair seating systems. No single process is yet suitable for all wheelchair users, but many manufacturers are transitioning to computer numerical controlled (CNC) milling to reduce manual labour. Adjustable micro-modular seating and moulded seat insert manufacturing are also prevalent and offer alternative seating to soft foam carving.Conclusion:There is a need in the custom wheelchair seating sector for processes that are fast, cost-effective, produce little to no material waste, and that can effectively maintain a comfortable seating micro-climate. Additive manufacturing may meet these criteria, but further evaluation is required.Clinical relevanceThis review suggests that the custom-contoured wheelchair seating manufacturers are moving away from labour-intensive processes towards digital techniques, like CNC foam milling. Additive manufacturing is a potential new process that may reduce overall costs, the lead time in preparing seats and has the potential to better manage the seating micro-climate.
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Kernozek, Thomas W., and Jeff E. K. Lewin. "Dynamic Seating Interface Pressures during Wheelchair Locomotion: Influence of Cushion Type." Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 18, no. 4 (October 1998): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944929801800404.

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Seat interface pressure distribution is measured statically in a clinical or research environment with the patient in a fixed position (static) if measured at all. The purpose of this study was to compare the dynamic seat interface pressures between three cushion types [2″ foam, Roho Low Profile (air), and Jay Active (gel)] during wheelchair locomotion. A total of 9 volunteer subjects (7 males, 2 females) participated in a study to determine seat interface pressure fluctuations between each of the 3 different wheelchair cushions. Seat interface pressures were measured with the Novel Pliance System, consisting of a 320×32 sensor matrix mat interfaced with a PC. Each sensor had an area of 1.5 cm2. Sampling rate was fixed at 10 Hz. Average pressures under the ischial tuberosities were determined and the average maxima and minima were calculated from 3 wheelchair locomotion cycles of 3 trials. Wheelchair locomotion speed was constant across trials and conditions (±107). A repeated measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA) exhibited a main effect for cushion type [F(2, 16)=16.6, p < .05]. A Newman-Keuls pairwise multiple comparison found differences between the 2” foam cushion and both the air and gel cushions, but no differences between the gel and air cushions during wheelchair locomotion. It is important that clinicians and cushion designers understand the dynamic performance characteristics of specific cushion types. Cushion performance may enhance the effectiveness of seating systems in minimizing pressure fluctuations.
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Rogers, P. D., C. Gibson, S. J. Wilcox, and A. Chong. "Computer simulation to aid the risk assessment of wheelchair and special seating systems used in transport." Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology 33, no. 8 (November 2009): 642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03091900903151004.

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Olney, Christine M., Amanda Simone, Kristin Hanowski, Thomas S. Rector, Gary D. Goldish, Andrew H. Hansen, and John E. Ferguson. "Microclimate evaluation of strap-based wheelchair seating systems for persons with spinal cord injury: A pilot study." Journal of Tissue Viability 27, no. 3 (August 2018): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2018.06.001.

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Reid, Denise, Deborah Laliberte-Rudman, and Deborah Hebert. "Impact of Wheeled Seated Mobility Devices on Adult Users' and Their Caregivers' Occupational Performance: A Critical Literature Review." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 69, no. 5 (December 2002): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841740206900503.

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The prescription of wheeled seated mobility devices for clients with mobility impairment is a growing area in occupational therapy practice. The goal is to enhance client participation in occupation through technical intervention. This critical review examines the body of knowledge concerning the impact and effectiveness of the provision of wheeled seated mobility on the occupational performance of wheelchair users and their caregivers. The scope and gaps in the literature are defined to identify areas for future research. While the focus is on the methodological issues of the research reports, the relevance of findings to occupational therapy practice will also be reviewed. The results of the 46 studies in this review indicate that the majority of research conducted thus far have methodological limitations, which limits the extent to which this body of research can be drawn upon to provide evidence for the effectiveness of wheeled mobility systems. While most of the studies reviewed addressed constructs of relevance to occupational therapy practice, there was an emphasis on performance components and inadequate attention to engagement in occupations. This review is an important first step in building the ability of occupational therapists to demonstrate effectiveness in wheeled seating interventions.
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Lachmann, SM, Eve Greenfield, and Alan Wrench. "Assessment of need for special seating and/or electronic control systems for wheelchairs among people with severe physical disabilities." Clinical Rehabilitation 7, no. 2 (May 1993): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026921559300700210.

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Crane, Barbara A., Margo B. Holm, Douglas Hobson, Rory A. Cooper, and Matthew P. Reed. "A Dynamic Seating Intervention for Wheelchair Seating Discomfort." American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 86, no. 12 (December 2007): 988–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phm.0b013e3181583ed9.

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Ham, RO. "Monitoring wheelchair and seating provision." Clinical Rehabilitation 7, no. 2 (May 1993): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026921559300700208.

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Babinec, Michael, Elizabeth Cole, Barbara Crane, Steven Dahling, Delia Freney, Barbara Jungbluth-Jermyn, Michelle L. Lange, et al. "The Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America (RESNA) Position on the Application of Wheelchairs, Seating Systems, and Secondary Supports for Positioning Versus Restraint." Assistive Technology 27, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10400435.2015.1113802.

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Takada, Makoto, Shuichi Wakimoto, Takero Oshikawa, Takeji Ueda, and Takefumi Kanda. "Active Cloth Fabricated by a Flat String Machine and its Application to a Safe Wheelchair System." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 32, no. 5 (October 20, 2020): 1010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2020.p1010.

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In this study, a pneumatically contracting active cloth has been developed; its application is proposed for a safe sitting-posture recovery system for wheelchair users to avoid fall-related accidents. The active cloth consists of thin artificial muscles knitted via a flat string machine. The safe wheelchair system is configured with an active cloth and seating pressure sensor. The seating pressure sensor, located on the seating surface of the wheelchair, estimates the inclination of the upper body of the user; when this reaches an angle that is dangerous for falling from the wheelchair, the active cloth contracts to correct the posture of the upper body. In this paper, we clarify the fabrication process and fundamental characteristics of the active cloth and indicate its potential as a mechanical element for welfare apparatuses by demonstrating a safe wheelchair system.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wheelchair and seating systems"

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Kitchen, James Patrick. "Design of Wheelchair Seating Systems for Users with High-Tone Extensor Thrust." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11500.

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High-tone extensor thrust is common to those with cerebral palsy and those suffering spinal cord injuries. It is a muscle-control phenomenon that causes the body to straighten spastically. One goal of this thesis is to design a dynamic seating system that moves with respect to the wheelchair frame, allowing the seat to move with the user during an extensor thrust and reduce forces. One unique challenge is that the seat needs to remain rigid during normal functional activities and only become dynamic when an involuntary thrust is detected. A second goal of this thesis is to design a control scheme that is able to differentiate between these two types of motion. These design goals are initially investigated with a hinged-seatback system, instrumented with sensors to allow for the detection of thrusts and to actively control seating components. A full seating system is then built to allow for full-body extensor thrusts, involving the seatback, seat bottom, and leg rest of the wheelchair. This system is analyzed for effectiveness of reducing forces on the body during an extensor thrust. Another serious problem for this segment of the population is pressure ulcers. These are caused by prolonged pressure on the skin from weight-bearing bony prominences. Various seating system configurations are known to help with pressure relief. The three standard configurations for a chair are tilt, recline, and standing. The final goal of this thesis is to measure and compare the effectiveness of these three methods for their ability to relieve pressure on the seat bottom. To accomplish this, a powered wheelchair with built-in capabilities for recline and standing is mounted to a tilting mechanism. Test subjects are used to experimentally compare the effectiveness of each method for pressure reduction using pressure mats on all weight-bearing surfaces. A 2D model is also developed and validated with the experimental results.
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Samuelsson, Kersti. "Active wheelchair use in daily life : considerations for mobility and seating /." Linköping : Örebro : Univ. ; Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/med753s.pdf.

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Patrangenaru, Vlad Petru. "Development of dynamic seating system for high-tone extensor thrust." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-01112006-160352/.

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Moraes, Helton Scheer de. "Projeto conceitual de sistemas de assento para cadeira de rodas : uma abordagem sistemática." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17629.

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Esta dissertação consiste em um estudo teórico exploratório sobre o projeto sistemático de sistemas de assento especiais para cadeiras de rodas, com ênfase em seus aspectos conceituais e funcionais. De acordo com os princípios da tecnologia assistiva - que consiste no uso de tecnologias para o atendimento das necessidades de pessoas com deficiência - o objetivo das ajudas técnicas deve ser a promoção da atividade e participação social através da compensação de deficiências, promovendo a funcionalidade. Assim, foi feita uma revisão da literatura a respeito da adequação postural do usuário de cadeira de rodas, e dos fatores que contribuem para sua saúde, sua funcionalidade e seu conforto ou desconforto na posição sentada, permitindo a identificação de suas necessidades explícitas e implícitas. Com o uso da Metodologia de Projeto Sistemático de Pahl e Beitz, da Metodologia de Projeto Axiomático e da Teoria da Solução dos Problemas Inventivos (TRIZ), foi elaborada uma lista de requisitos funcionais através do mapeamento entre o domínio das necessidades do usuário e o domínio funcional do sistema de assento. Em seguida, elaborou-se uma estrutura funcional, demonstrando os principais elementos e conexões funcionais do sistema, sendo por fim comentados e propostos alguns princípios de solução para cada uma das sub-funções principais encontradas, envolvendo a análise de princípios de solução de sistemas existentes e de sistemas análogos em outras áreas tecnológicas. Concluiu-se que a imobilidade é o fator primário que desencadeia os diversos problemas de saúde e funcionalidade do usuário associados ao uso destes sistemas de assento, e que portanto a função principal desses sistemas deve ser a de permitir, facilitar e promover positivamente a alternância freqüente de posição. Além disso, verificou-se o papel fundamental dos fluxos de informação responsáveis pela determinação do propósito homeostático da movimentação, que objetiva a redistribuição contínua das tensões locais nos tecidos, além do favorecimento da ação motora voluntária pela estabilização e mobilização seletiva de movimentos corporais.
This work is an exploratory theoretical study on systematic design of special wheelchair seating systems, emphasizing its conceptual and functional aspects. According to the principles of assistive technology - which consists in the use of technologies applied to the caring of the needs of people with disabilities - the objectives of technical aids should be the promotion of optimal individual functionality. Thus, a literature review has been made on the theme of postural seating clinic, and the factors related to the health, the functionality, and the comfort or discomfort in the sitting position, allowing the identification of many explicit and implicit needs. By using the Systematic Design approach of Pahl & Beitz, complemented by some principles of Axiomatic Design and TRIZ, a functional requirements list has been made, consisting in the mapping between the customer needs in the customer domain and the functional requirements in the functional domain. In the next step, a functional structure has been created, showing the main functional elements and connections of the seating system, followed by the proposal of some working principles regarding the main identified sub-functions, including the analysis of analog technical systems of other technological fields. It was concluded that immobility is the main causative factor leading to the many functional and health problem associated with the sitting position, and therefore the main function of special seating systems must be to allow and actively promote frequent position changes. Moreover, it has become evident that information flows have a capital importance in proper functioning of seating systems, since they convey the homeostatic purpose of the movements being made, in order to continually redistribute and alleviate the local soft tissue deformations, and to promote the selective stabilization and motion of body segments that permit functional motor action.
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Mâsse, Louise. "Kinematic and electromyographic analysis of wheelchair propulsion for various seating positions." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5986.

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Owen, Christopher. "Improved vehicle seating systems for managing rear impact events." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11394.

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A study has been conducted into the development of Impact Management Seating Systems (IMSS's) for improved occupant protection during rear impacts. The seating systems incorporate methodologies that enable the supporting surfaces to pivot in a controlled manner during the onset of the impact event. This enables the seated occupant to penetrate an outer perimeter frame, whilst simultaneously having the effective ride height lowered. This response is typically referred to as the 'Catchers- Mitt' principal, and provides the occupant with localised 'ride-down', and optimum positioning with respects to the head restraint. Such seating systems can compliment the 'ride-down' characteristics provided by vehicle' crush-zones', or in the case of small and Low Mass Vehicle (LMV) designs, which can suffer from inefficient 'crush-zones' due to geometric restrictions, can be the primary source of impact management. Pivotal systems typically rely on the use of yielding elements to initiate the desired deployment. However, these are inherently restrictive in their ability to adapt to changes in occupant mass and impact magnitude. Solutions are presented to address this and other limitations. Such solutions include the use automatic inflation/deflation technologies, and Siding Plate Anchorage Systems that provide the seated occupant with a supportive surface during deployment of the pivotal mechanisms, and the reposition of the restraint system to address issues with 'rebound-reactions' and/or multiple impact events. LS-DYNA simulations determined the effectiveness of the developed seating systems in controlling a dummy response. Significant reductions in head acceleration and the movements thought responsible for whiplash and Whiplash Associated Disorders were achieved. The realisation of the seating systems is examined. Consideration is given to issues associated with seat mass, to enable the systems to be installed within Low Mass Vehicle (LMV) designs without compromising environmental gains.
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Bush, Michael T. (Michael Thomas). "Enhanced comfort of seating systems through variable shape and compliance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41800.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-74).
A new type of seat cushion has been developed. The present use of the cushion is in wheelchair seating, but it may ultimately have application to general seating, particularly in situations where comfort is a significant consideration. The cushion is intended to optimally distribute the interface pressure on the seat of a wheelchair user, as well as to provide an opportunity for active pressure management. The principal goal in developing this cushion is the prevention of pressure sores (decubitis ulcers). The theoretical and design considerations upon which the cushion was developed are presented. Experimental materials data, as well as results of a prototype system, are supplied. A prototype cushion has been produced, and additional work is ongoing. The cushion uses vacuum to manipulate the elastic/collapse properties of open-cell foam; effectively setting a maximum pressure at the human interface. Assuming appropriate auxiliary hardware, pumps, controllers, and sensors it would be appropriate to use this cushion as the basis of an actively controlled seating system.
by Michael T. Bush.
M.S.
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Barks, Lee. "Wheelchair positioning and pulmonary function in children with cerebral palsy." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002107.

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McDonald, Rachael Leigh. "Seating systems for children with cerebral palsy : study of acceptability and effectiveness." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1383524/.

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Background. Adaptive seating systems are used with children with cerebral palsy to promote function and independence and to prevent the development of deformity. A seating system that uses a sacral pad and kneeblock to control the pelvis was investigated. Methods A mixed methodology design was employed. Acceptability was addressed through the development and administration of matching questionnaires to the parents and therapists of the children participating in the project. Effectiveness was investigated by measuring pressure at the sacral pad, force exerted through a kneeblock, seated postural alignment and seated function; during a case controlled trial, where children were seen 6 times over a period of 6 months. Children removed their kneeblocks for a period of one month between visits 3 and 4. The force, pressure and postural alignment data were statistically analysed. Theoretical biomechanical analyses were also performed. Results Questionnaire results showed important differences between parents and therapists views of the seating systems. Therapists concentrated on postural management, whilst parents were concerned with day-to-day management of the child. There were few statistically significant differences over the 6-visit trial for force, pressure or postural alignment. There were no statistically significant correlations between force measured at the kneeblocks and pressure exerted through a sacral pad, nor between force and postural alignment. Statistically significant effects on hip abduction and hip rotation were found on removal of kneeblocks. Finally, individual biornechanical analysis illustrated positive effects for hip abduction for some children, but a tendency to increase deformity in half of the children. Conclusions Adaptive seating systems that use a kneeblock and sacral pad may achieve hip rotation and abduction for children with cerebral palsy. However, no other improvements in posture were seen, and biomechanical analysis showed an increase in tendency of the children to develop secondary deformity.
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Dupuis, Christine Angela. "A biomechanical comparison of two seating systems for moderately involved cerebral-palsied children /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66156.

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Books on the topic "Wheelchair and seating systems"

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Patsy, Aldersea, and Porter David MIPEM, eds. Wheelchair users and postural seating: A clinical approach. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1998.

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Hiltner, Edward C. Child seating test procedure development. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1989.

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Tyrell, D. Crashworthiness testing of Amtrak's traditional coach seat: Safety of high-speed ground transportation systems. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development, 1996.

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A biomechanical analysis of the prolonged effects on functional parameters of a test seating system for moderately involved cerebral palsied children. 1990.

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A biomechanical analysis of the prolonged effects on functional parameters of a test seating system for moderately involved cerebral palsied children. 1990.

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A biomechanical analysis of the prolonged effects on functional paramenters [sic] of a test seating system for moderately involved cerebral palsied children. 1990.

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A biomechanical analysis of the prolonged effects on functional paramenters [sic] of a test seating system for moderately involved cerebral palsied children. 1986.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, and SAE International Congress & Exposition (1999 : Detroit, Mich.), eds. Human factors in audio interior systems, driving, and vehicle seating. Warrendale, Pa: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1999.

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Human Factors in Audio Interior Systems, Driving, and Vehicle Seating. Society of Automotive Engineers Inc, 1999.

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Donnelly, Brian. Code of Practice for Disability Equipment, Wheelchair and Seating Services: A Quality Framework for Procurement and Provision of Services. Troubador Publishing Limited, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wheelchair and seating systems"

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Stinson, May, and Shelley Crawford. "Wheelchair Seating and Pressure Mapping." In International Handbook of Occupational Therapy Interventions, 221–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08141-0_16.

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Stinson, May, and Shelley Crawford. "Optimal Positioning: Wheelchair Seating Comfort and Pressure Mapping." In International Handbook of Occupational Therapy Interventions, 83–90. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75424-6_7.

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Đumić, Dalibor, and Jasmin Kevrić. "BCIs for Electric Wheelchair." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 833–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71321-2_72.

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Vigliotta, Jacob, Joshua Cipleu, Alexander Mikell, and R. Alba-Flores. "EMG Controlled Electric Wheelchair." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 439–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82199-9_29.

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Coelho, Filipe, Luís Paulo Reis, Brígida Mónica Faria, Alexandra Oliveira, and Victor Carvalho. "Multimodal Intelligent Wheelchair Interface." In Trends and Innovations in Information Systems and Technologies, 679–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45691-7_64.

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Araki, Sergio Yoshinobu, Pâmela Florentino, Eduardo Bock, Michele Saito, Mariana Hernandes, Luciano Fuentes, Isac Fujita, Rodrigo Stoeterau, Daniel Martins, and Antônio Celso Fonseca de Arruda. "Automatic Elevation System of a Wheelchair." In Multibody Mechatronic Systems, 474–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67567-1_45.

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Kavyashree, B., B. S. Aishwarya, Mahima Manohar Varkhedi, S. Niharika, R. Amulya, and A. P. Kavya. "Autonomous Wheelchair for Physically Challenged." In Data Engineering for Smart Systems, 521–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2641-8_50.

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Badajena, Jenamani Chandrakanta, Srinivas Sethi, Amrit Dash, Priyanka Rout, and Ramesh K. Sahoo. "Smart Wheelchair Using Brain Waves Through Machine Learning." In Intelligent Systems, 445–57. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0901-6_40.

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Geonea, Ionuţ, and Nicolae Dumitru. "Motion Analysis of a Robotic Wheelchair." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 471–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21290-6_47.

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Venkatesan, Mithra, Lini Mohan, Nisith Manika, and Aishwarya Mathapati. "Voice-Controlled Intelligent Wheelchair for Quadriplegics." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 41–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0980-0_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wheelchair and seating systems"

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Yang, Yuxiang, and Jue Wang. "Design of an air-alternating anti-decubitus wheelchair seating system." In 2009 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2009.5372035.

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Hanafusa, A., K. Ouki, K. Miyazaki, T. Komeda, T. Ikeda, N. Suzuki, and A. Hattori. "Wheelchair seating evaluation system ∼ Introduction of system functions ∼." In 2012 9th France-Japan & 7th Europe-Asia Congress on Mechatronics (MECATRONICS) / 13th Int'l Workshop on Research and Education in Mechatronics (REM). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mecatronics.2012.6451025.

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Wada, Masayoshi, and Fujio Kameda. "A joystick car drive system with seating in a wheelchair." In IECON 2009 - 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics (IECON). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2009.5415364.

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Mascaro, Stephen, and Haruhiko H. Asada. "A Hybrid Bed/Chair System for Bedridden Patients: Elimination of Transfer Between a Bed and Wheelchair." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0421.

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Abstract A hybrid wheelchair/bed system for eliminating transfer between the bed and chair is developed and tested. A powered wheelchair can be docked to a bed portion and reconfigured to a flat stationary bed so that the bedridden person does not have to change seating when transferring between the chair and bed. Moreover the powered wheelchair can be docked to a toilet directly and automatically so that the bedridden can use the toilet without changing seating. A holonomic omnidirectional vehicle with a ball wheel mechanism is used for the wheelchair. The high maneuverability and holonomic nature of the vehicle allow the chair to be docked easily and precisely against a fixture. First, this paper describes the basic concept of the reconfigurable holonomic omnidirectional mobile bed with unified seating, or RHOMBUS for short. Issues on the mechanical design of the vehicle, chair, and bed are addressed, followed by control issues. A compliant bumper mechanism is used to assist in both bed and toilet docking control as well as to ensure rider comfort. A hybrid stiffness control docking method using force sensors embedded at optimal locations within the bumper is developed. A prototype system was designed and tested. The vehicle was successfully docked to the bed despite a small clearance ratio as well as large lateral and angular initial errors.
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Chugo, Daisuke, Kenji Shiotani, Masaaki Yoshida, Satoshi Muramatsu, Sho Yokota, and Hiroshi Hashimoto. "Active seating support which reduces the pressure and share stress for a wheelchair user." In 2015 8th International Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2015.7170639.

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Yuxiang Yang, Jian Wang, Zonghai Gao, and Yi Zhou. "Design and preliminary evaluation of an air-alternating wheelchair seating system for pressure ulcer prevention." In 2010 International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Technology. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbt.2010.5478971.

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Nuthi, Pavan, Wei Carrigan, Charu Pande, and Muthu B. J. Wijesundara. "Control Implementation for Real-Time Pressure Adjusting Seat Cushion to Prevent Pressure Ulcers." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86210.

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External mechanical loading is a major contributing factor in pressure ulcer formation and is a major health concern for wheelchair users. Seat cushion technologies are employed to reduce the magnitude and duration of this loading using soft seating surfaces and pressure offloading techniques. However, pressure offloading often results in the creation of new high pressure points which can still lead to pressure ulcer formation. In order to mitigate the issue, a novel closed-loop controlled seat cushion system is developed with sensorized air cell arrays which can continuously monitor pressure profile of a seated person and modulate this interface pressure. This paper presents the control implementation of this seat cushion system using a novel scheduling control algorithm based on bang-bang control as well as the corresponding electronics and pneumatic layout. The effectiveness of the system is demonstrated for real-time pressure mapping, offloading, and redistribution of seating interface pressure and its capabilities of instantaneous local pressure measurement as well as automated pressure modulation are verified.
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Parkinson, Matthew B., and Jane E. Huggins. "A Method for the Rapid Prototyping of Custom Contoured Cushions." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23097.

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Abstract Decubitous ulcers (“pressure sores”) are a significant concern for people using wheelchairs. In fact, results published by the University of Kansas [1] indicate that over half of those using wheelchairs will develop a pressure sore at some point. This susceptibility is due to the conditions under which these ulcers develop: shear stress and pressure work together to cut off the blood supply to the surface tissue, which subsequently dies. Heat and moisture can increase the likelihood of this necrosis and the rate at which it occurs. Although sores can develop quickly (onset can occur in as few as fifteen minutes), they may take months to heal. Appropriate seat cushion selection helps to mitigate the causative factors [2]. In particular, custom-contoured cushions (CCC) can offer dramatic improvements. Research has shown that CCC’s offer the best distribution of pressure and reduction of shear stress, reducing these factors by as much as 80% [3]. CCC’s are not commonly used, however, because the cost and time involved in design, manufacture, and delivery are prohibitive. The obstacles of cost, time, and inconvenience, can be overcome by applying mass-customization and rapid-prototyping principles to the process used to create CCC’s. This involves automating the basic steps of the process: creating an electronic representation of the seating surface and machining that surface using a computer-controlled (CNC) mill. Similar systems have been put in place to automate a variety of processes, from the creation of custom orthotics for footwear to the design and creation of impeller wheels [4]. Such a system would be capable of producing a suitable custom-contoured cushion in minutes or hours rather than weeks or months.
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Hunter-Zaworski, K. M., Uwe Rutenberg, and Melissa Shurland. "Recommendations for the PRIIA Specifications on the Next Generation of Accessible Passenger Rail Cars." In 2013 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2013-2554.

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The recommendations for the new PRIIA specifications of the Next Generation of Accessible Passenger rail cars take access by people with disabilities to a new level of inclusion. The recommendations under consideration are more responsive to changes in population demographics and reflect the changes in wheeled mobility devices technologies. The new recommendations are evidence based on research, and the development process involves a broad cross section of the passenger rail industry as well as federal agencies responsible for accessibility. The recommendations focus on making the next generation of passenger rail cars more inclusive and accessible. The recommendations incorporate changes in population demographics and wheeled mobility technologies and go above and beyond current Americans with Disabilities Act regulations that were written over twenty years ago. Specifically that the US population is getting older and more obese. In most US states between 20 and 30% of the population show a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30. Some examples of the new recommendations include the following; the wheelchair lift minimum payload will be increased from 600 to 800 pounds, the lift platform will be extended in length from 30 × 48 to 30 × 54 inches, and the maneuvering and accessible seating location is increased to 32 inches wide by 59 inches long. A new recommendation for making the rail car vestibule more accessible for a 90 degree turn includes increasing the vestibule width from 42 to 44 inches. These recommendations will make passenger rail cars accessible to about 90 percent of the current users of wheeled mobility devices. Currently the passenger rail vehicles can only accommodate approximately 50 percent of wheeled mobility devices. There are also provisions in the new recommendations for improving the accessible restroom and its components, even though some of the current passenger rail vehicles have reasonably accessible lavatories. The new recommendations include space for dependent and independent transfers in the restroom and will provide a more consistent level of accessibility for all the new passenger rail cars. Space is recommended for the accommodation of service animal in each car. The new recommendations also include enhanced provisions for passengers who are deaf or hard of hearing. At a minimum the recommendations incorporate current technologies that are used in transit vehicles for dual mode communication, and also include suggestions for accessible real time passenger information and communication systems, and making information accessible on personal mobile media. The new recommendations are in the validation and approval process. As a first step, the recommendations will be approved by the PRIIA Section 305 Next Generation Equipment Committee.
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Noguchi, Hiroshi, Tomonori Maeda, Nao Tamai, Takeo Minematsu, Hiromi Sanada, and Taketoshi Mori. "Pattern detection from seating pressure distribution during wheelchair motion using deep embedded clustering." In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856751.

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