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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wheelchair and seating provision

Academic literature on the topic 'Wheelchair and seating provision'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Wheelchair and seating provision"

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White, Elizabeth, and Bill Lemmer. "Effectiveness in Wheelchair Service Provision." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 61, no. 7 (July 1998): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269806100702.

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Services that provide wheelchairs to permanently disabled people have undergone fundamental changes following the recommendations of the McColl report in 1986. The devolution of centralised wheelchair services to the National Health Service (NHS) health districts in 1991 coincided with the implementation of the government's proposals for NHS reforms and community care initiatives. This paper describes a four-part research study, undertaken to identify and investigate key factors which propose effectiveness in the post-devolution wheelchair service. The sample comprised 125 wheelchair therapists as service providers and a total of 130 service users. The user sample consisted of 84 people issued with NHS manual wheelchairs, 27 indoor powered wheelchair users and 19 special seating users. An integrated methodology was employed, including questionnaires, interviews, participant observation and case studies. The research identified the development of client-centred referral and assessment procedures for wheelchairs and seating, and highlighted the need for increased therapist training. Close links between wheelchair services and local therapists were found, providing greater access to assessment for wheelchair users. An increased demand for wheelchairs outside the NHS range and a rising number of referrals for elderly people were recorded, although the management of finite resources resulted in eligibility criteria designed to control supply and provision variations between districts.

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Ham, RO. "Monitoring wheelchair and seating provision." Clinical Rehabilitation 7, no. 2 (May 1993): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026921559300700208.

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White, Elizabeth A. "Wheelchair special seating: need and provision." British Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 6, no. 6 (June 1999): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjtr.1999.6.6.13970.

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Dolan, Michael John, and Graham Iain Henderson. "Patient and equipment profile for wheelchair seating clinic provision." Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 9, no. 2 (June 19, 2013): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17483107.2013.807441.

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Kenny, Siobhan, and Rosemary Joan Gowran. "Outcome Measures for Wheelchair and Seating Provision: A Critical Appraisal." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 77, no. 2 (February 2014): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4276/030802214x13916969447119.

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Trefler, E., and S. J. Taylor. "Prescription and positioning: Evaluating the physically disabled individual for wheelchair seating." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 15, no. 3 (December 1991): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093649109164291.

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Within the past 10 years, technology has provided members of the seating team with new approaches in dealing with severely physically disabled children and adults. Positioning is often the first step in overall provision of technical aids. Before physically disabled individuals can operate augmentative communication devices, computer keyboards or other assistive or rehabilitative devices, they should be provided with the optimum seated posture from which to operate. The proximal stability provided by a therapeutically designed seating system will enhance motor potential. Presently, there are many approaches to providing dynamic seating. A thorough evaluation, with input from all team members including the client and his family is necessary to define clearly the goals for the seating device. Once these goals are defined, the team can investigate the possible technical solutions. Thorough ongoing re-evaluation and follow-up of both the client's needs and the possible technical solutions will ensure that persons with physical disabilities will be in the best possible posture to perform the tasks of daily living.

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Cox, Diane L. "Wheelchair Needs for Children and Young People: A Review." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 66, no. 5 (May 2003): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260306600506.

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This work was commissioned by a charity, the Physical Disability and Sensory Impairment Forum, owing to local parental concerns relating to the assessment for and provision of mobility equipment. The project was set up as a preliminary investigation to consider those concerns. A literature review was carried out in order to establish current practice in the National Health Service wheelchair service in England, the role of the wheelchair in children's mobility, the wheelchair and seating needs of children and the met and unmet need. A questionnaire was distributed to children and their parents to gain their views. The response rate was disappointingly poor and, therefore, the results are not presented. However, the full report is available from the author.

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Howard, Jonathan D., Dominic Eggbeer, Peter Dorrington, Feras Korkees, and Lorna H. Tasker. "Evaluating additive manufacturing for the production of custom head supports: A comparison against a commercial head support under static loading conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 234, no. 5 (January 9, 2020): 458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411919899844.

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The provision of wheelchair seating accessories, such as head supports, is often limited to the use of commercial products. Additive manufacturing has the potential to produce custom seating components, but there are very few examples of published work. This article reports a method of utilising 3D scanning, computer-aided design and additive manufacturing for the fabrication of a custom head support for a wheelchair. Three custom head supports, of the same shape, were manufactured in nylon using a continuous filament fabrication machine. The custom head supports were tested against an equivalent and widely used commercial head support using ISO 16840-3:2014. The head supports were statically loaded in two configurations, one modelling a posterior force on the inner rear surface and the other modelling a lateral force on the side. The posterior force resulted in failure of the supporting bracketry before the custom head support. A similar magnitude of forces was applied laterally for the custom and commercial head support. When the load was removed, the custom recovered to its original shape while the commercial sustained plastic deformation. The addition of a joint in the head support increased the maximum displacement, 128.6 mm compared to 71.7 mm, and the use of carbon fibre resulted in the head support sustaining a higher force at larger displacements, increase in 30 N. Based on the deformation and recovery characteristics, the results indicate that additive manufacturing could be an appropriate method to produce lighter weight, highly customised, cost-effective and safe head supports for wheelchair users.

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Gowran, Rosemary Joan, Elizabeth Anne McKay, and Bernadette O'Regan. "Sustainable solutions for wheelchair and seating assistive technology provision: Presenting a cosmopolitan narrative with rich pictures." Technology and Disability 26, no. 2-3 (November 17, 2014): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/tad-140408.

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Aldersea, Patsy. "Book Review: The Provision of Wheelchairs and Special Seating. Guidance for Purchasers and Providers." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 58, no. 7 (July 1995): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269505800710.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wheelchair and seating provision"

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Mâsse, Louise. "Kinematic and electromyographic analysis of wheelchair propulsion for various seating positions." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5986.

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Samuelsson, Kersti. "Active wheelchair use in daily life : considerations for mobility and seating /." Linköping : Örebro : Univ. ; Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/med753s.pdf.

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Kitchen, James Patrick. "Design of Wheelchair Seating Systems for Users with High-Tone Extensor Thrust." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11500.

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High-tone extensor thrust is common to those with cerebral palsy and those suffering spinal cord injuries. It is a muscle-control phenomenon that causes the body to straighten spastically. One goal of this thesis is to design a dynamic seating system that moves with respect to the wheelchair frame, allowing the seat to move with the user during an extensor thrust and reduce forces. One unique challenge is that the seat needs to remain rigid during normal functional activities and only become dynamic when an involuntary thrust is detected. A second goal of this thesis is to design a control scheme that is able to differentiate between these two types of motion. These design goals are initially investigated with a hinged-seatback system, instrumented with sensors to allow for the detection of thrusts and to actively control seating components. A full seating system is then built to allow for full-body extensor thrusts, involving the seatback, seat bottom, and leg rest of the wheelchair. This system is analyzed for effectiveness of reducing forces on the body during an extensor thrust. Another serious problem for this segment of the population is pressure ulcers. These are caused by prolonged pressure on the skin from weight-bearing bony prominences. Various seating system configurations are known to help with pressure relief. The three standard configurations for a chair are tilt, recline, and standing. The final goal of this thesis is to measure and compare the effectiveness of these three methods for their ability to relieve pressure on the seat bottom. To accomplish this, a powered wheelchair with built-in capabilities for recline and standing is mounted to a tilting mechanism. Test subjects are used to experimentally compare the effectiveness of each method for pressure reduction using pressure mats on all weight-bearing surfaces. A 2D model is also developed and validated with the experimental results.

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Maximo, Tulio P. dos Santos. "Not just the right for a wheelchair but the right wheelchair : a multi-site study of the wheelchair public service provision in Belo Horizonte city, Brazil." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/31843.

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For decades the care of disabled population in Brazil has been neglected by the government and was provided largely by the charitable institutions. It was as only recently, as in the year 2011 that Brazilian government created the national plan for the rights of the disabled people. The plan articulates policies regarding social inclusion, access to education, accessibility and health care. The last section of the plan includes the provision of wheelchairs free of cost to the Brazilians citizens, who are in need of a wheelchair. It is common knowledge that a wrong wheelchair specification can lead to physical damage for the user and the carer; the abandonment of device, and wastage of time and resources involved in the wheelchair provision. The World Health Organization has propounded several good practices and training material with reference to wheelchair services towards enabling of right wheelchair fit to the user characteristics. Though, there is no evidence that the service provided in Brazil adheres to these guidelines or any other wheelchair service good practice. This research reviews the wheelchair service provision in Belo Horizonte city, Brazil with the aim to understand the functionality of these services in order to provide context-specific interventions and recommendations to improve the design of current services. Herein, three main studies were conducted using a mix of methods: A first exploratory study was conducted to assess the Belo Horizonte assistive technology services and identify a research focus. A second study was conducted to develop an in-depth insight on the understanding of the wheelchair service provided and to collect the necessary information towards creating a context-based and collaborative designed intervention. A third study was conducted to evaluate and improve the proposed interventions. A total of sixty-six interviews were conducted (n=66) with service stakeholders and two hundred and fifty user care observed (n=250) from which ninety-five (n=95) tested the proposed interventions.

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Patrangenaru, Vlad Petru. "Development of dynamic seating system for high-tone extensor thrust." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-01112006-160352/.

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Barks, Lee. "Wheelchair positioning and pulmonary function in children with cerebral palsy." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002107.

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Moraes, Helton Scheer de. "Projeto conceitual de sistemas de assento para cadeira de rodas : uma abordagem sistemática." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17629.

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Esta dissertação consiste em um estudo teórico exploratório sobre o projeto sistemático de sistemas de assento especiais para cadeiras de rodas, com ênfase em seus aspectos conceituais e funcionais. De acordo com os princípios da tecnologia assistiva - que consiste no uso de tecnologias para o atendimento das necessidades de pessoas com deficiência - o objetivo das ajudas técnicas deve ser a promoção da atividade e participação social através da compensação de deficiências, promovendo a funcionalidade. Assim, foi feita uma revisão da literatura a respeito da adequação postural do usuário de cadeira de rodas, e dos fatores que contribuem para sua saúde, sua funcionalidade e seu conforto ou desconforto na posição sentada, permitindo a identificação de suas necessidades explícitas e implícitas. Com o uso da Metodologia de Projeto Sistemático de Pahl e Beitz, da Metodologia de Projeto Axiomático e da Teoria da Solução dos Problemas Inventivos (TRIZ), foi elaborada uma lista de requisitos funcionais através do mapeamento entre o domínio das necessidades do usuário e o domínio funcional do sistema de assento. Em seguida, elaborou-se uma estrutura funcional, demonstrando os principais elementos e conexões funcionais do sistema, sendo por fim comentados e propostos alguns princípios de solução para cada uma das sub-funções principais encontradas, envolvendo a análise de princípios de solução de sistemas existentes e de sistemas análogos em outras áreas tecnológicas. Concluiu-se que a imobilidade é o fator primário que desencadeia os diversos problemas de saúde e funcionalidade do usuário associados ao uso destes sistemas de assento, e que portanto a função principal desses sistemas deve ser a de permitir, facilitar e promover positivamente a alternância freqüente de posição. Além disso, verificou-se o papel fundamental dos fluxos de informação responsáveis pela determinação do propósito homeostático da movimentação, que objetiva a redistribuição contínua das tensões locais nos tecidos, além do favorecimento da ação motora voluntária pela estabilização e mobilização seletiva de movimentos corporais.
This work is an exploratory theoretical study on systematic design of special wheelchair seating systems, emphasizing its conceptual and functional aspects. According to the principles of assistive technology - which consists in the use of technologies applied to the caring of the needs of people with disabilities - the objectives of technical aids should be the promotion of optimal individual functionality. Thus, a literature review has been made on the theme of postural seating clinic, and the factors related to the health, the functionality, and the comfort or discomfort in the sitting position, allowing the identification of many explicit and implicit needs. By using the Systematic Design approach of Pahl & Beitz, complemented by some principles of Axiomatic Design and TRIZ, a functional requirements list has been made, consisting in the mapping between the customer needs in the customer domain and the functional requirements in the functional domain. In the next step, a functional structure has been created, showing the main functional elements and connections of the seating system, followed by the proposal of some working principles regarding the main identified sub-functions, including the analysis of analog technical systems of other technological fields. It was concluded that immobility is the main causative factor leading to the many functional and health problem associated with the sitting position, and therefore the main function of special seating systems must be to allow and actively promote frequent position changes. Moreover, it has become evident that information flows have a capital importance in proper functioning of seating systems, since they convey the homeostatic purpose of the movements being made, in order to continually redistribute and alleviate the local soft tissue deformations, and to promote the selective stabilization and motion of body segments that permit functional motor action.

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Dodd, J. "Accessible football stadia in England : what represents meaningful provision for wheelchair users and how can it be achieved?" Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/46165/.

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The aim of this PhD research is to explore English football stadia provision for spectators who are wheelchair users, identifying features that can limit, or which can promote their inclusion. The outcome of the research is to provide a fuller understanding of what can constrain or enhance provision for spectators who are wheelchair users and to propose strategies that can enhance inclusive stadia provision. Various bodies of knowledge are brought together and applied to football stadia in order to: 1. Assess the design process, the legislation, the building regulations, the guidance and how they meet the needs of wheelchair users; 2. Examine the inclusivity of spectator sports and appraise the design guidance for stadia that can facilitate access to them; 3. Investigate the everyday user experience when attending football stadia and understand how provision is determined in practice; and 4. Recommend the changes and improvements that need to be made so that wheelchair users are better accommodated in football stadia. This qualitative research adopts an open-ended inductive approach, with some deductive aspects (namely, the critical literature review that initially led to the research). Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted to capture (i) the everyday experiences of twenty disabled supporters who are wheelchair users and (ii) the perspectives of eight key stakeholders involved in football commerce, stadia design and stadia management. The key findings revealed that English football stadia have many physical, attitudinal, management and operational barriers that limit accessibility for spectators who are wheelchair users; and that there are many constraints in design practice that have limited the inclusion of wheelchair users in English football stadia.

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Keegan, Gay. "I'm a student, in a wheelchair : the experiences of disabled pupils attending resourced provision in a mainstream secondary school." Thesis, Open University, 2010. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54221/.

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Seeking pupils' views became an issue of national importance following legislation (Section 29A of the Education Act 2002, CRAE, 2008) and lack of such consultation in the United Kingdom has been repeatedly raised by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (1995,2002 and 2008). The importance of seeking the views of all children about their experience is particularly salient since there is a legacy of exclusion and disadvantage for disabled children in mainstream school settings and provision historically has been planned and developed for them, without consulting with or involving them directly. This study investigates the views and experiences of ten disabled pupils who attended a resourced provision attached to a mainstream secondary school. It used semi-structured interviews within a social constructivist paradigm carried out with disabled teenagers by a disabled researcher. The transcriptions of the interviews were analysed thematically with the categories for the analysis developed by grounded theory. Detailed consideration was given to the ethical issues raised by research which focuses on the need to promote the engagement of the children and ensure their voice is heard and these issues were addressed in the context of the present study. The evidence from this study indicates that the pupils welcomed the opportunity to talk to a disabled researcher and were willing to explore their experience of being a disabled pupil in the school. They reported issues around transition to the secondary school with the resourced provision, feeling `forced away' from their local community and from friendships established in their primary schools. They commented on bullying in the school and feelings of being perceived as `different', as lesser human beings. Most of the children did not take on board the descriptor of `disabled' for themselves, talking instead about their impairments, which they did not see as important to their sense of identity or self. The conclusions reached stressed the need for teachers and policy makers to listen and respond to pupils' voice, taking into account individual needs, and engaging in joint problem solving with pupils at both an individual and systemic level. They need to be reflexive in their practice to avoid discrimination and support all children's rights and there should be increased awareness of the affirmative model of disability - we are valued for who we are, our disability is part of this and so our predicament and how we manage it should be accepted and valued as well.

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Meruani, Azeem. "Tweel (TM) technology tires for wheelchairs and instrumentation for measuring everyday wheeled mobility." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04032007-174305/.

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Books on the topic "Wheelchair and seating provision"

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Patsy, Aldersea, and Porter David MIPEM, eds. Wheelchair users and postural seating: A clinical approach. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1998.

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Donnelly, Brian. Code of Practice for Disability Equipment, Wheelchair and Seating Services: A Quality Framework for Procurement and Provision of Services. Troubador Publishing Limited, 2018.

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Donnelly, Brian. Code of Practice for Disability Equipment, Wheelchair and Seating Services: A Quality Framework for Procurement and Provision of Services. Troubador Publishing Limited, 2015.

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Donnelly, Brian. Code of Practice for Disability Equipment, Wheelchair and Seating Services: A Quality Framework for Procurement and Provision of Services, United Kingdom. Troubador Publishing Limited, 2019.

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Bilimoria, Sapnaben. Provision of recreational facilities for wheelchair users in Harrow has increased. 1993.

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Douglas, Gordon C. C. Individualizing Civic Responsibility. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190691332.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 demonstrates that DIY urban designers are largely motivated by failings they perceive in urban policy and planning. Placing them in this context is essential for interpreting the phenomenon. While do-it-yourselfers respond to the problems they see in creative ways, their individualistic tactics of doing so introduce problems of their own. The chapter focuses on bus stops to consider the lack of sidewalk seating in many cities, the privatization of street furniture, and concerns with local service provision. In trying to correct problems they see, do-it-yourselfers always impart their own personal and cultural values, and some DIY alterations can be selfish and anti-social in impact. The chapter interrogates DIY urbanism in the context of the “neoliberalized” city, arguing that even as the practices aim to counter the ill effects of market-driven planning, they can also reinforce an individualistic, undemocratic logic in placemaking.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wheelchair and seating provision"

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Bardsley, Geoff. "Developments in the Provision of Wheelchairs and Seating in Tayside, Scotland." In Human Biomechanics and Injury Prevention, 173–77. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66967-8_23.

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Stinson, May, and Shelley Crawford. "Wheelchair Seating and Pressure Mapping." In International Handbook of Occupational Therapy Interventions, 221–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08141-0_16.

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Stinson, May, and Shelley Crawford. "Optimal Positioning: Wheelchair Seating Comfort and Pressure Mapping." In International Handbook of Occupational Therapy Interventions, 83–90. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75424-6_7.

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Rai, Richa, Shubham Pratap Singh, and B. Mohapatra. "Smart wheelchair with fall detection provision: a telemedicine application." In Smart Computing, 27–33. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003167488-4.

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Sivan, Manoj, Margaret Phillips, Ian Baguley, and Melissa Nott. "Wheelchairs and seating." In Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Medicine, edited by Manoj Sivan, Margaret Phillips, Ian Baguley, and Melissa Nott, 305–18. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785477.003.0022.

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Freedom of movement is an essential component of independence and mobility is closely associated with quality of life. People who have difficulty with independent walking often require a wheelchair to assist with mobility. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model can be used to guide the provision of wheelchairs and seating through consideration of the individual personal factors and preferences, environmental limitations, the person’s desired activities and participation in life roles, as well as the person’s health condition or impairments of body structure and function. This chapter describes the steps in prescribing a wheelchair, types of manual and powered wheelchairs, and specialized seating and positioning components.

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Harvey, Lisa. "Wheelchair seating." In Management of Spinal Cord Injuries, 245–71. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-06858-4.50019-8.

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Suzuki, Kathy M., and Ginger Lockette. "Client Satisfaction Survey of a Wheelchair Seating Clinic." In Teaching Students Geriatric Research, 55–65. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315821504-5.

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Gada, Srinivas. "Therapies in neurodisability." In Neurodisability and Community Child Health, 373–432. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198851912.003.0007.

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Allied professionals are instrumental in providing complete and holistic care of the child within the community. This chapter begins with referring children to a physiotherapist, associated assessments, and approaches to treatment for individual disorders. It then covers the Gross Motor Function Classification System—Expanded and Revised. Posture management and special seating and wheelchair services are also included. The chapter then describes the principles and assessment techniques for occupational therapy, aids and adaptations that can be used in both the home or school environment, and enabling hand function. Sensory integration, speech and language therapy, the management of behavioural problems, clinical neuropsychology, orthotics, and prosthetics are all discussed.

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Spyridonis, Fotios, Gheorghita Ghinea, Tor-Morten Grønli, and Jarle Hansen. "Towards Interactive Virtual Environments through Handheld Devices for the Disabled." In Advances in Healthcare Information Systems and Administration, 237–49. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4546-2.ch013.

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The successful integration of novel interactive virtual environments for everyday life applications may constitute an important indication towards similarly employing Virtual Reality (VR)-related technologies in primary care. This chapter presents the results of a usability study that makes use of an Android-based handheld device for investigating disabled users' performance in using an intuitive interactive VR interface for pain assessment. A convenience sample of seven wheelchair users was asked to evaluate the interface and involved the use of non-participant direct observation, note taking, and thinking-aloud protocol to collect the necessary data. The evaluation results demonstrated good acceptance and a generally positive performance of the participants when they completed a set of predefined interaction tasks. It is anticipated that the findings of this study may have good practical implications to the assessment of pain and could open the way for increasing the use of such technologies in everyday healthcare provision.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wheelchair and seating provision"

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O. Medola, Fausto, Suzana Gamac, Valeria M.C.Eluic, Luis C. Paschoarelliab, and Carlos A. Fortuland. "Users’ Perceptions on Mobility, Comfort and Usability of Manual Wheelchairs." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001337.

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The objective of this study was to assess the users’ perceptions on the extent to which the wheelchair meet their mobility needs and overall satisfaction. Fifteen manual wheelchair users were interviewed with a questionnaire comprising questions about their perceptions on aspects of the daily wheelchair usage such as comfort and mobility. The results show that, in general, users experience seating and mobility problems related to their wheelchair. Participants reported problems to move independently in ramps, steps and with wheelchair transfers. Moreover, discomfort and pain were also reported as problems resulting from the prolonged use of wheelchairs. For the majority of the subjects, their wheelchairs are not ideally suitable to them, suggesting problems in the wheelchair prescription and provision. The results demonstrate that, from the users’ point of view, both mobility and comfort problems affect users’ experience with the wheelchair in daily usage. Such problems evidence the existing problems with the current design of manual wheelchairs. Designers and manufacturers may benefit from this knowledge when designing and producing wheelchairs that are most suitable to users’ characteristics, needs and expectations.

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Hunter-Zaworski, K. M., Uwe Rutenberg, and Melissa Shurland. "Recommendations for the PRIIA Specifications on the Next Generation of Accessible Passenger Rail Cars." In 2013 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2013-2554.

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The recommendations for the new PRIIA specifications of the Next Generation of Accessible Passenger rail cars take access by people with disabilities to a new level of inclusion. The recommendations under consideration are more responsive to changes in population demographics and reflect the changes in wheeled mobility devices technologies. The new recommendations are evidence based on research, and the development process involves a broad cross section of the passenger rail industry as well as federal agencies responsible for accessibility. The recommendations focus on making the next generation of passenger rail cars more inclusive and accessible. The recommendations incorporate changes in population demographics and wheeled mobility technologies and go above and beyond current Americans with Disabilities Act regulations that were written over twenty years ago. Specifically that the US population is getting older and more obese. In most US states between 20 and 30% of the population show a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30. Some examples of the new recommendations include the following; the wheelchair lift minimum payload will be increased from 600 to 800 pounds, the lift platform will be extended in length from 30 × 48 to 30 × 54 inches, and the maneuvering and accessible seating location is increased to 32 inches wide by 59 inches long. A new recommendation for making the rail car vestibule more accessible for a 90 degree turn includes increasing the vestibule width from 42 to 44 inches. These recommendations will make passenger rail cars accessible to about 90 percent of the current users of wheeled mobility devices. Currently the passenger rail vehicles can only accommodate approximately 50 percent of wheeled mobility devices. There are also provisions in the new recommendations for improving the accessible restroom and its components, even though some of the current passenger rail vehicles have reasonably accessible lavatories. The new recommendations include space for dependent and independent transfers in the restroom and will provide a more consistent level of accessibility for all the new passenger rail cars. Space is recommended for the accommodation of service animal in each car. The new recommendations also include enhanced provisions for passengers who are deaf or hard of hearing. At a minimum the recommendations incorporate current technologies that are used in transit vehicles for dual mode communication, and also include suggestions for accessible real time passenger information and communication systems, and making information accessible on personal mobile media. The new recommendations are in the validation and approval process. As a first step, the recommendations will be approved by the PRIIA Section 305 Next Generation Equipment Committee.

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Yang, Yuxiang, and Jue Wang. "Design of an air-alternating anti-decubitus wheelchair seating system." In 2009 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2009.5372035.

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Wada, Masayoshi, and Fujio Kameda. "A joystick car drive system with seating in a wheelchair." In IECON 2009 - 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics (IECON). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2009.5415364.

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Hanafusa, A., K. Ouki, K. Miyazaki, T. Komeda, T. Ikeda, N. Suzuki, and A. Hattori. "Wheelchair seating evaluation system ∼ Introduction of system functions ∼." In 2012 9th France-Japan & 7th Europe-Asia Congress on Mechatronics (MECATRONICS) / 13th Int'l Workshop on Research and Education in Mechatronics (REM). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mecatronics.2012.6451025.

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Noguchi, Hiroshi, Tomonori Maeda, Nao Tamai, Takeo Minematsu, Hiromi Sanada, and Taketoshi Mori. "Pattern detection from seating pressure distribution during wheelchair motion using deep embedded clustering." In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856751.

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Mascaro, Stephen, and Haruhiko H. Asada. "A Hybrid Bed/Chair System for Bedridden Patients: Elimination of Transfer Between a Bed and Wheelchair." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0421.

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Abstract A hybrid wheelchair/bed system for eliminating transfer between the bed and chair is developed and tested. A powered wheelchair can be docked to a bed portion and reconfigured to a flat stationary bed so that the bedridden person does not have to change seating when transferring between the chair and bed. Moreover the powered wheelchair can be docked to a toilet directly and automatically so that the bedridden can use the toilet without changing seating. A holonomic omnidirectional vehicle with a ball wheel mechanism is used for the wheelchair. The high maneuverability and holonomic nature of the vehicle allow the chair to be docked easily and precisely against a fixture. First, this paper describes the basic concept of the reconfigurable holonomic omnidirectional mobile bed with unified seating, or RHOMBUS for short. Issues on the mechanical design of the vehicle, chair, and bed are addressed, followed by control issues. A compliant bumper mechanism is used to assist in both bed and toilet docking control as well as to ensure rider comfort. A hybrid stiffness control docking method using force sensors embedded at optimal locations within the bumper is developed. A prototype system was designed and tested. The vehicle was successfully docked to the bed despite a small clearance ratio as well as large lateral and angular initial errors.

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Chugo, Daisuke, Kenji Shiotani, Masaaki Yoshida, Satoshi Muramatsu, Sho Yokota, and Hiroshi Hashimoto. "Active seating support which reduces the pressure and share stress for a wheelchair user." In 2015 8th International Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2015.7170639.

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Yuxiang Yang, Jian Wang, Zonghai Gao, and Yi Zhou. "Design and preliminary evaluation of an air-alternating wheelchair seating system for pressure ulcer prevention." In 2010 International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Technology. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbt.2010.5478971.

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Constantine, D., C. A. Hingley, and J. Howitt. "Donated wheelchairs in low-income countries - issues and alternative methods for improving wheelchair provision." In 4th IET Seminar on Appropriate Healthcare Technologies for Developing Countries. IET, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic.2006.0658.

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