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Journal articles on the topic 'Wheel'
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1
Haga, Toshio, Masanari Daishi, Hisaki Watari, and Shinichi Nishida. "Thin Wire Casting Using Twin Wheel Caster Equipped with Horizontal Wheels." Materials Science Forum 1066 (July 13, 2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-y78gtx.
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solidification, process shortening and energy saving. A twin-wheel caster equipped with two additional horizontal wheels was proposed to cast thin aluminum alloy wire at higher speed. In the proposed twin-wheel caster, a groove was machined on the lower wheel. Two small horizontal wheels were positioned between the molten-metal-pouring launder and the upper wheel to assist the solidification of poured molten metal and to prevent burr formation. The alignment of the horizontal wheel sensitively affected the occurrence of wire defects. An Al-1.2%Fe wire with a cross section of 6.2 mm2 was cast at 15 m/min. Thinner wires without burring could be cast at a speed higher than that of the twin-wheel caster without the horizontal wheels. The surface condition of the as-cast wire cast by the twin-wheel caster equipped with horizontal wheels was worse than that of the casting using the twin-wheel caster without horizontal wheels.
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Gonçalves, Vítor, Araliya Mosleh, Cecília Vale, and Pedro Aires Montenegro. "Wheel Out-of-Roundness Detection Using an Envelope Spectrum Analysis." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 14, 2023): 2138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042138.
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This paper aims to detect railway vehicle wheel flats and polygonized wheels using an envelope spectrum analysis. First, a brief explanation of railway vehicle wheel problems is presented, focusing particularly on wheel flats and polygonal wheels. Then, three types of wheel flat profiles and three periodic out-of-roundness (OOR) harmonic order ranges for the polygonal wheels are evaluated in the simulations, along with analyses implemented using only healthy wheels for comparison. Moreover, the simulation implements track irregularity profiles modelled based on the US Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). From the numerical calculations, the dynamic responses of several strain gauges (SGs) and accelerometer sensors located on the rail between sleepers are evaluated. Regarding defective wheels, only the right wheel of the first wheelset is considered as a defective wheel, but the detection methodology works for various damaged wheels located in any position. The results from the application of the methodology show that the envelope spectrum analysis successfully distinguishes a healthy wheel from a defective one.
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Rasidi Rasani, Mohammad, Azhari Shamsudeen, Zambri Harun, and Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood. "A Computational Aerodynamic Study of Tandem Rotating Wheels in Contact with the Ground." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.17 (August 1, 2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.17.16637.
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Wheels have significant impact on noise and drag of road vehicles, which may influence their fuel consumption, emission and comfort. A number of studies have analyzed flow and aerodynamics of isolated wheel in contact with the ground, but limited attention has been given to interaction between wheels. The present study aims to compare the aerodynamics and flow structure between single and tandem wheels. To that end, flow around single and tandem wheels are simulated using a turbulence Scaled Adaptive Unsteady Reynolds Average Navier Stokes (URANS) model. Wheel geometry was based on the actual wheel used in the experiments of Fackrell and Harvey. Flow around single and tandem wheels were examined and compared, along with their respective drag and lift coefficients. Results for single wheel in contact with the ground show good agreement with previous experiments. In the tandem wheel case, the rear wheel exhibits lower drag coefficient (CD = 0.37) and more downforce (lift coefficient CL = -0.14) compared to the front wheel. The present investigation may help to illustrate impact of wheel interaction on their aerodynamics.
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Namdev, Monika, and Prof Arun Kumar Malviya. "A Study of Design and Analysis of Automobile Wheel Rim Using Different Fillet Radius and Different Y Spoke Angle." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 2893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42972.
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Abstract: Wheel rims are the most important part of automobile, in an automobile there are fatigue loads and static loads which are actively participated in design. There are several ways of failure of wheel rim like critical stresses and material failure due to design, dimension and shape of wheel also play vital role in its dimensions and shape vehicle rim design. Present paper studied the Y angle optimization in alloy wheel rim. The present design analysed by ANSYS software. For the structural analysis for the remote force the magnitude applied is 1000N and for the pressure which applied on the wheel is 245kPa. Therefore, so comparing the wheels with the total deformation occurred alloy wheels are better than the steel wheel and comparing the both the alloy wheels multi-spoke alloy wheel is better than the 6-spoke alloy wheel. The total deformation of 8 spoke alloy wheel with 55° Y spoke angle, figure clearly depicted the total deformation maximum value 0.00155mm maximum at base of wheel or outer periphery of wheel rim. Keywords: Wheel Rim, Y Spoke Angle of rim, fillet radius of rim, total deformation occurring, ANSYS
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Tao, Gongquan, Zefeng Wen, Xuesong Jin, and Xiaoxuan Yang. "Polygonisation of railway wheels: a critical review." Railway Engineering Science 28, no. 4 (September 29, 2020): 317–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40534-020-00222-x.
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AbstractPolygonisation is a common nonuniform wear phenomenon occurring in railway vehicle wheels and has a severe impact on the vehicle–track system, ride comfort, and lineside residents. This paper first summarizes periodic defects of the wheels, including wheel polygonisation and wheel corrugation, occurring in railways worldwide. Thereafter, the effects of wheel polygonisation on the wheel–rail interaction, noise and vibration, and fatigue failure of the vehicle and track components are reviewed. Based on the different causes, the formation mechanisms of periodic wheel defects are classified into three categories: (1) initial defects of wheels, (2) natural vibration of the vehicle–track system, and (3) thermoelastic instability. In addition, the simulation methods of wheel polygonisation evolution and countermeasures to mitigate wheel polygonisation are presented. Emphasis is given to the characteristics, effects, causes, and solutions of wheel polygonisation in metro vehicles, locomotives, and high-speed trains in China. Finally, the guidance is provided on further understanding the formation mechanisms, monitoring technology, and maintenance criterion of wheel polygonisation.
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Jiang, Xin, Hai Liu, Rui Lyu, Yoshio Fukushima, Naoki Kawada, Zhenglai Zhang, and Dongying Ju. "Optimization of Magnesium Alloy Wheel Dynamic Impact Performance." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (September 4, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2632031.
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Designing lightweight and comfortable automotive vehicles is a primary aim of the industry. Lightweight wheel designs can have a negative effect on the dynamic impact performance of the wheel; therefore, striking a balance between these two factors is a key objective in the design of automotive vehicles. Magnesium alloy wheels were investigated as magnesium alloy has damping performance advantages over some metal materials. Damping test methods were designed to establish the damping performance parameters of the magnesium alloy material. A finite element analysis model of magnesium alloy wheels was established with certain boundary conditions and constraints. The applicability of the model was verified by free modal evaluation of the wheel. Dynamic impact simulation analysis of the designed wheels was carried out, and the dynamic speed responses of magnesium alloy wheels under the impact of a dynamic load on the road surface were obtained. Comparison of the dynamic impact performance of magnesium and aluminum alloy wheels with the same structure showed that the magnesium alloy wheel achieved the target weight reduction of 32.3%; however, the dynamic impact performance was reduced. In order to realize the lightweight design, the dynamic impact performance of the magnesium alloy wheel should not be inferior to that of the aluminum alloy wheel; therefore, the design of the magnesium alloy wheel structure was optimized. The structural design optimization of the magnesium alloy wheel was carried out by defining the structural parameters of the wheel and using the acceleration and shock response of the wheel as the outputs. The optimization of weight reduction and dynamic impact performance of magnesium alloy wheels was achieved. Consequently, the designed magnesium alloy wheel was shown to have improved ride comfort while satisfying wheel structural performance standards and providing lightweight design.
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N, Gayathri, Prakash E, Manikandan P, Karthick N, Aravindh S, and Rohini M. "Rejection Rate Analysis on Rail Wheels." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.34 (September 1, 2018): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.34.19225.
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These analysis ambitions to ascertain the major core cause of failures of rail wheels and to prevent the occurrence of same in future. One working model of train is developed to estimate the heat generated at brake pad-wheel and rail-wheel interfaces for locomotive and wagon wheels using the performance characteristics of brake blocks, the slip characteristics of wheel-rail traction and the resistance characteristics of a running train for given operating and braking conditions. The heat dissipation characteristics of rail-wheel and brake pad units interfaces in locomotive and wagon wheels and wheel running temperatures for different wheel profiles for different train running conditions are estimated. This work is carried out to identify the under-lying machinery of locomotive wheel failure due to widening and condemning of gauge. It has also accomplished the investigation on the impact of the type of brake block, wheel profile and braking conditions on locomotive wheel fiasco from gauge widening and condemning are also been carried out. It is suggested to use a high friction coefficient composite brake block results in higher wheel temperatures and cause large gauge changes, particularly for independent braking. Further, S-shaped wheels are found to be best suitable for avoiding undue gauge reduction or increase.
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Kwon, Seok Jin, Dong Hyung Lee, Sung Tae Kwon, and Byeong Choon Goo. "Failure Analysis of Railway Wheel Tread." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.649.
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The majority of catastrophic wheel failures are caused by surface opening fatigue cracks either in the wheel tread or wheel flange areas. The inclined cracks at railway wheel tread are initiated and the cracks are caused by wheel damage-spalling after 60,000 km running. Because the failured railway wheel is reprofiled before regular wheel reprofiling, the maintenance cost for the railway wheel is increased. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the mechanism for introduction of crack. In the present paper, the combined effect on railway wheels of a periodically varying contact pressure and an intermittent thermal braking loading is investigated. To analyze damage cause for railway wheels, the measurements for replica of wheel surface and effect of braking application in field test are carried out. The result shows that the surface cracks in railway wheel tread are due to combination of thermal loading and ratcheting.
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Kwon, Seok Jin, Jung Won Seo, Dong Hyung Lee, and Chan Woo Lee. "Damage Mechanism of Wheel for High Speed Train Based on Fracture Mechanics." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1047–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1047.
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The majority of catastrophic wheel failures are caused by surface opening fatigue cracks either in the wheel tread or wheel flange areas. The inclined cracks at railway wheel tread are initiated and the cracks are caused by wheel damage-spalling after 60,000 km running. Because the failured railway wheel is reprofiled before regular wheel reprofiling, the maintenance cost for the railway wheel is increased. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the mechanism for introduction of crack. In the present paper, the combined effect on railway wheels of a periodically varying contact pressure and an intermittent thermal braking loading is investigated. To analyze damage cause for railway wheels, the measurements for replica of wheel surface and effect of braking application in field test are carried out. The result shows that the surface cracks in railway wheel tread are due to combination of thermal loading and ratcheting.
10
Zeng, Wen, Guoyan Xu, Hui Jiang, and Feng Gao. "Development of a Novel Variable-Diameter Wheel." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (October 31, 2019): 4631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214631.
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Variable-diameter wheels balance the high mobility and limited volume of a planetary rover. Moreover, these wheels allow a rover to adjust its body attitude to adapt to rough terrains. These functions are achieved through the expansion–retraction motion of the variable-diameter mechanisms in the wheels. Thus, the traditional wheel design focuses on these mechanisms. To further facilitate its application, we propose a new concept variable-diameter wheel that considers the mechanism characteristics and wheel performances. This new wheel configuration is presented along with the corresponding transmission system, design, and analysis methods. Kinematic equations of the mechanism were established and then applied to synthesize the wheel dimensions. The load–deflection relationship of the wheels was analytically derived by developing a modified pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM). Finite element analysis (FEA) simulations were performed to validate the design and analysis. In conclusion, the proposed novel wheel is extremely beneficial for rough-terrain locomotion systems. Furthermore, the design and analysis approaches used in this study are applicable for other expandable wheels.
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Song, Chang-Yong, and Ha-Yong Choi. "Multi-Objective Profile Design Optimization to Minimize Wear Damage and Surface Fatigue of City Train Wheel." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 3940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083940.
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Wear and fatigue of wheels have a great effect on the maintenance of railway vehicles and running safety. In the case of an urban railway where no rail lubrication system is installed, it is reported that the risk of wheel damage is high in curved sections. In the present study, we intended to present a method of designing a wheel profile of city trains that can minimize wear and fatigue in curved sections, using the multi-objective optimization method. In multi-objective optimization, we explored a wheel profile design that can reduce wear and fatigue of wheels at the same time, while also satisfying the design performance constraints, such as the safety against derailment and contact force between rails and wheels. A multi-body dynamic analysis was conducted for design performance evaluation, and the best wheel profile design was produced utilizing the analysis result. A wheel profile with minimized wear, a wheel profile with minimized surface fatigue, and a wheel profile with both minimized wear and surface fatigue that can improve the performance of city train wheels were presented respectively using a Pareto-optimal Solution, which is the result of multi-objective optimization. The running safety performances such as derailment and lateral force of the optimized wheel profiles showed improved characteristics when compared to those of the initial wheel profile.
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Coletta, Marco, Thomais G. Tziotzi, Mark Gray, Gary S. Nichol, Mukesh K. Singh, Constantinos J. Milios, and Euan K. Brechin. "A [Mn18] wheel-of-wheels." Chemical Communications 57, no. 34 (2021): 4122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc00185j.
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Li, Xue Kun, Sebastian Wolf, Geng Zhi, and Yi Ming(Kevin) Rong. "The Modelling and Analysis of Topographical Properties with the ‘through-the-Process’ Grinding Wheel Model." Key Engineering Materials 589-590 (October 2013): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.589-590.215.
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The single layer superabrasive wheels are made by joining all abrasive grains onto the wheel hub by electroplating or brazing. Recently, the attention has risen to acquire better grinding quality through more stringent grain size control. For the size grain control process, the abrasive grains are re-meshed for smaller dimensional derivation after outsourced from external grain manufacturers. Therefore, the understanding of correlation between the grain dimensional deviations with the wheel performances will be critical for the wheel design and optimization. In this paper, the ‘through the process’ grinding wheel model is developed for single layer CBN wheels by simulating each wheel fabrication procedure numerically. The effectiveness of the wheel model is verified by comparing with the experimental measurement, which proves the efficacy of the wheel model and could further provide the quantitative basis for grinding wheel quality control and process design.
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Greenwell, D. I., N. J. Wood, E. K. L. Bridge, and R. J. Addy. "Aerodynamic characteristics of low-drag bicycle wheels." Aeronautical Journal 99, no. 983 (March 1995): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000028281.
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AbstractA number of modern “aerodynamic” bicycle wheels were tested at full scale speeds in a windtunnel. The effects of wheel geometry, rotational speed and cross winds on drag force, side force and yawing moment were investigated.Compared with a conventional spoked wheel, all the “aerodynamic” wheels were found to give similar improvements in drag of approximately 25%. In cross wind conditions, aerodynamic characteristics were strongly dependent on wheel geometry, but essentially independent of wheel rotational speed.
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Tsai, Ming Yi, Shi Xing Jian, and J. H. Chiang. "Effect of Novel Grinding Wheels on Grinding Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 3302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.3302.
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Grinding, a technique for removing abrasive materials, is a chip-removal process that uses an individual abrasive grain as the cutting tool. Abrasive material removal processes can be very challenging owing to the high power requirements and the resulting high temperatures, especially at the workpiece-wheel interface. This paper presents a novel system that uses graphite particles impregnated in an aluminum oxide matrix to form a grinding wheel. This study specifically investigated grinding wheels with a graphite content of 0.5 wt%. The new grinding wheel was compared with conventional grinding wheels by comparing the factors of grinding performance, such as surface roughness, morphology, wheel wear ratio, grinding temperature, and grinding forces, when the wheels were used under two different coolant strategiesdry and with minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) using pure water. This study found that there is a considerable improvement in the grinding performance using graphite-impregnated grinding wheels over the performance obtained using conventional grinding wheels. The use of 0.5 wt% graphite provided better surface roughness and topography, lower grinding temperature, and decreased force; in addition, wheel consumption was lower, resulting in extended wheel life.
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Fu, Xiang, Yong He, and Di Xu. "Research of Electric Differential Control for Motor-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 310 (February 2013): 540–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.310.540.
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The Electric Differential Control for Motor-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicle is discussed. And then the self-regulation method to realize the electric differential by controlling the torque of the motor and freeing the speed of the wheels has been proposed. Firstly, tire-road dynamics modeling has been established, Control system of Motor-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicle has been designed. Secondly, simulation platform of Motor-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicle has been established. Lastly, simulation for electric differential control of Motor-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicle has been validated. The simulation results show that the self-regulation method by controlling the torque of the motor and freeing the speed of the wheels is effective. Each wheel speed and the corresponding wheel speed automatically keep coordination; it can realize the self-regulation differential, no wheel slipping or sliding phenomenon.
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Dai, Qiu Lian, Can Bin Luo, and Cui Jiao Liao. "Experimental Study on Porous Metal Bonded Diamond Grinding Wheels (II) ─ Grinding Performance of Porous Wheels." Key Engineering Materials 359-360 (November 2007): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.359-360.48.
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In this paper, two metal-bonded diamond wheels with different porosity were fabricated. The porosity of diamond wheel without additives of pore inducers is 7% and the wheel with pore inducers is 38%. Grinding experiments with these two grinding wheels on marbles were carried out under different grinding conditions. Experimental results revealed that highly porous grinding wheel has smaller grinding forces and better self-sharpening ability than the compact grinding wheel under the same grinding conditions.
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Chen, Mei Wei, Ju Long Yuan, Yi Yang, and Dong Qiang Yu. "The Characteristic of Organic Bond Grinding Wheel." Key Engineering Materials 359-360 (November 2007): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.359-360.63.
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The bond in a grinding wheel cements the abrasive grains together, Among other factors, the bond plays a predominant part in the grinding wheel performances and on the quality of grinding results. This paper presents a literature review on organic bond grinding wheels. It discusses the characteristic of the bond and the grinding performances of the two mainly types of organic bond [1] grinding wheels: the resin bond grinding wheel and the soft-elastic grinding wheel. This paper provide a conclusion of the studying state of organic grinding wheel, which new studying can draw lesson from.
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Kim, Yoo-Seok, Gwang-Pil Jung, Haan Kim, Kyu-Jin Cho, and Chong-Nam Chu. "Wheel Transformer: A Wheel-Leg Hybrid Robot With Passive Transformable Wheels." IEEE Transactions on Robotics 30, no. 6 (December 2014): 1487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tro.2014.2365651.
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Wang, Yan, X. J. Zhou, and De Jin Hu. "Study on Dry Electrical Discharge Assisted Profile Truing and Dressing of Diamond Wheel." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.701.
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Both diamond wheel and CBN wheel belong to super-abrasive wheels. Diamond wheels have superior grinding performance. The metal-bonded diamond wheel can grind hard brittle material component with a complicated shape precisely and efficiently. Because dielectric liquid is forbidden on numerical control optical profile grinder, the information on profile truing and dressing diamond wheel mounted on numerical control optical profile grinder is not readily available. In this paper, a novel truing and dressing method, namely dry electrical discharge (dry-ECD) assisted truing and dressing, is proposed. The experiments of dry-ECD assisted profile truing and dressing of diamond wheel are done by the authors. The experimental results show that both geometrical accuracy and surface topography of diamond wheel have attained technical requirement under appropriate truing and dressing conditions. There is not much difference in grinding abilities of new diamond wheel and dry-ECD assisted truing and dressing diamond wheel.
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Zhang, Tie, Jun Zhang, and Chuan Xi Sun. "The Profile Analysis of Wheels and Rails of Different Wear Stages for Heavy-Haul Wagons." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.291.
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A large number of wheel and rail profiles of different wear stages are tracked and measured using the wheel/rail profile admeasuring apparatus for DaTong-QinHuangdao heavy-haul line. The finite element method (FEM) models and dynamic models of the contact between wheels and rails are both established for two working conditions (i.e., straight line and curve line). In addition, the corresponding parameters and indexes are obtained through the simulation and calculation. The results show that the maximum equivalent stress for the wheel profile of type II is lower than those of wheel profiles in other stages for the straight and curve lines. Its contact stress distribution is more uniform than others. The dynamics indexes including stationarity and stability of the standard wheel profiles ( i.e. LM) are the best. The indexes are gradually reduced along with the abrasion of wheel profiles. When passing the curve, the dynamics indexes of wheel profiles in each stage are reached the evaluation standard. The abrasion rate of wheels and rails can be reduced relatively when wheels are matched with the worn rails in the stable stage.
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Darji, Bhavin Sanjay, Shubham Viju Dhodi, Shashank Suni Jadhav, Ibrahim Akram Khan, and M. A. Gulbarga. "Craby Steering System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 2618–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41851.
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Abstract: In present the car steering system is 2 wheel steering system and in conventional steering system there are only two wheels are moving while taking the turn , either forward two or the rear two wheels . While in 4 wheel steering system the rear and front both wheels are act +ive and can guide in steering. Here we using MARUTI-800 car as a reference model. We have developed a optimized 4 wheel steering system for implementation of mechanism that can give the work in changing in-phase and counter-phase steering of rear wheels depending upon the condition of turning and lane changing with respect to front wheels, thus enhancing the manoeuvrability of as edan in accordance with its speed. Keywords: 4 Wheel steering system, octa steering, craby steering mechanism, steering system
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Chugo, Daisuke, Kuniaki Kawabata, Hayato Kaetsu, Hajime Asama, and Taketoshi Mishima. "Configuration-Based Wheel Control for Step-Climbing Vehicle." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 19, no. 1 (February 20, 2007): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2007.p0052.
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We propose a derivation of adaptable wheel rotation velocity for negotiating irregular terrain based on vehicle configuration. We developed a holonomic vehicle capable of negotiating steps and running around omnidirectionally on a flat floor using seven special wheels and two passive links. Each wheel has its actuator, requiring that the rotation velocity of individual wheels be coordinated, which is difficult due to changes rotation speed when the passive link negotiates the irregular terrain. Unstable rotation velocity calculated without considering the vehicle configuration causes wheel slippage and rotation error that adversely affect mobility on rough terrain. Because conventional general traction control cannot coordinate wheel velocity, we propose reference derivation that does so based on the vehicle configuration. In the sections that follow, we focus on (1) the derivation of individual wheel velocity during step climbing and (2) adaptation to wheel control reference while balancing rotation velocity among wheels. We confirm the feasibility of our proposal in experiments using our vehicle prototype.
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Matsuo, T., and K. Nakasako. "Selection of Grinding Wheels for the Snagging of Steels and Cast Iron." Journal of Engineering for Industry 109, no. 2 (May 1, 1987): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187110.
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The selection of proper grinding wheels in snagging is an important problem with relation to the automation of this grinding process. In this study, a snagging test under constant load has been made on SUJ 2 bearing steel, 304 stainless steel, and FCD 45 cast iron, using a specially made grinding machine of 40KW. The grinding wheels used were regular alumina, sintered white alumina, 25 percent zirconia-alumina, and silicon carbide resinoid wheels, where wheel diameter is 455 mm. Wheel speed was 67 m/s and work’s traverse speed was 60 mm/s. A 1.0 m long plate workpiece of constant width was used to keep pressure constant during grinding. This experiment allowed the metal removal rate, the wheel wear rate, G-ratio and grinding force to be determined. Thus the effect of wheel type and wheel grade on grinding performance was evident and the selection of the proper wheel has been discussed.
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Wu, Yue, Xuesong Jin, Wubin Cai, Jian Han, and Xinbiao Xiao. "Key Factors of the Initiation and Development of Polygonal Wear in the Wheels of a High-Speed Train." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 25, 2020): 5880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175880.
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The polygonal wear of train wheels occurs commonly in rail transport and increases the wheel–rail interaction force dramatically and has a bad effect on the safety and comfort of the train. The mechanism of polygonal wear needs to be studied. The characteristics of test data measured from 47,000 sets of polygonal wheels of high-speed trains were analysed statistically. The analysis shows that, in the entire use life cycle of the wheels, the order (wavelength) and development speed of polygonal wear are different; they correspond to different wheel diameters because of wear and re-profiling. A prediction model, which considered the flexibility of the wheelset for the polygonal wear of the wheels of high-speed trains, was developed to explain this phenomenon. This theoretical model analyses the initiation, development, and characteristics of polygonal wear. The analysis includes the effect of the high-frequency flexible deformation of the wheelset, train operation speed, and wheel diameter variation. This study suggests that, if the wheel perimeter is nearly an integral multiple of the wavelength of severe periodic wear along the wheel circumference, the polygonal wear on the wheel can develop quickly. Furthermore, the wavelength of the periodic wear of the wheel relies on the operation speed of the train and wheelset resonant frequency. Therefore, the initiation and development of polygonal wear on wheels depends on the operation speed, wheel diameter, and the resonant frequencies of the wheelset. This conclusion can be applied to research concerning measures associated with the suppression of polygonal wear development.
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Chen, Desheng, and Qiaoning Xu. "A Swinging and Self-Actuating Friction Drive Device Used in Large-Scale Rotary Devices." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 1 (February 12, 2020): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797612666191119102558.
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Background: Large-scale rotary devices often employ friction drives in order to be manufactured easily and usually select a large driving radius to reduce the friction forces needed. In traditional devices, the driver and driven friction wheels are required to be of higher roundness to avoid slipping between them. This makes the driven friction wheel difficult to be machined. In addition, generating adequate contact load between contacting surfaces is essential for friction drives, and the best way to achieve it is self-actuating loading. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to propose and analyze a patent about a new friction drive device, in which the driver friction wheel can roll along with the driven friction wheel throughout, and the contact load between the driver and driven friction wheels can be generated on the torque demand. Methods: By using two swinging gearboxes, the two driver friction wheels are both swinging, and thus both can roll along with the driven friction wheel floatingly. Therefore, the driven wheel can have some deviation in roundness. Besides, this design offers a condition to construct a torque-actuated loading mechanism. Driven by the input torque, each driver wheel turns and exerts a friction force on the driven wheel, and then the driven wheel applies a reactive force to each driver wheel. This reactive force tends to pull the driver wheel to the driven wheel, producing a wedging action. Thus, an appreciable amount of contact load between the driver and driven wheels will be generated. Results: The results show the contact load between the driver and driven friction wheels is directly proportional to the resistant torque acting on the friction drive device. The results also show that a “frictional locking” condition for the device to avoid slipping between the driver and driven friction wheels is needed and it depends on the geometric parameters of the device. Conclusion: A swinging and self-actuating friction drive device is developed by using two swinging gearboxes. Design principles were described and a design example for this friction drive device was demonstrated. This kind of friction drive device not only offers an alternative way to drive large-scale rotary devices, but also develops a new method to realize self-actuating loading for friction drives.
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Ryoo, Young-Jae, Dae-Yeong Im, and Hyun-Rok Cha. "Design of Robotic Vehicle for Personal Mobility with Electric-Driven Three-Wheels." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 13, no. 04 (November 29, 2016): 1650020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843616500201.
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In this paper, a robotic vehicle for a personal mobility with electric-driven three-wheels is proposed. Before designing the proposed robotics vehicle, omni-directional motions using special wheels, active caster wheels, and active steerable driving wheels are studied. For design of the proposed vehicle, we discuss about active steerable wheel design, and vehicle’s frame design. The omni-directional motion through the digital design exploration of the vehicle using active driving and steering wheel robot technology is examined. As the major mechanical components, an active steerable driving wheel, in-wheel motors, brakes, suspensions, and control systems are described. The design is established by rapid prototyping model of omni-directional motion. The steering geometry and control algorithm for the prototype of the proposed personal mobility are experimented.
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Jadhav, Rohit. "Design and Optimization of Wheels for Better Aerodynamics and Cooling of Brakes." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (January 31, 2022): 418–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39853.
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Abstract: In the world of automotive, lots of research has been done yet on overall vehicle. Researchers improved every single part of vehicle but wheel is one of the part that hasn’t changed much in automotive history. In case researchers got their desired results, they stopped working on wheel and most of the research has been done on grip of the tire. That’s why there is no innovative research done on wheels. And it is one the biggest part who contribute in vehicles performance and other aspects like comfort and ride quality. Most of the manufacturers never consider and work on aerodynamic part of wheel. So, Different aerodynamics concept vehicles have been studied in the report. The flow around wheels are manage and smoothen in proposed design also it is designed in such a way that air flowing around wheel can easily take inside through Rim design and throw on brake pads as well as on wheel hub for consistently cooling them. They key for success is to manage the flow and keep the wheel functional and attractive. In this paper new wheel is designed and compared with convectional wheel designs. Keywords: Wheel Aerodynamics, Design and Optimization of Wheel, Cooling of Brakes, 3D Wheel design, Aerodynamics of Wheel.
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Fenton, R. G., and Wu Zhenbiao. "Kinematic Analysis of Flexible Geneva Mechanisms." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 2 (June 1988): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-1988-0016.
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The deformation of Geneva wheels resulting from a unit normal unit force applied at the point of contact between the driving pin and the wheel is determined using the finite element method. The dynamic and static forces driving the Geneva wheel, and wheel deformations are computed. The output of the flexible Geneva wheel is determined with the help of an interpolating polynomial. An interactive process is used to update the dynamic component of the force based on the computed wheel acceleration values. Results indicate that the output of high speed flexible Geneva wheels is different from that obtained for Geneva mechanism having non-deforming links.
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Jiang, Yongzhi, Wensheng Zhong, Pingbo Wu, Jing Zeng, Yunchang Zhang, and Shuai Wang. "Prediction of wheel wear of different types of articulated monorail based on co-simulation of MATLAB and UM software." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 6 (June 2019): 168781401985684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019856841.
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Analysis of the Chongqing monorail shows that there is no relationship between wheel wear and radial force, which means the radial force cannot be used to evaluate the wheel wear of monorail. Due to the same physical significance of the Schallamach tire wear model for automobiles, the wear index of railway wheels, which represents the creep power of unit wheel–rail contact area, is proved to be effective in evaluating the wheel wear of railway vehicles, automobiles, and vehicles with both properties, namely, monorail. Parameters of Chongqing monorail, modified through genetic algorithm, are used to build the model of the articulated monorail. Through co-simulation of the MATLAB and UM software, the wheel wears of two types of articulated monorail are calculated. For both types of monorails, correlation analysis shows that the variation of driving wheel and guide wheel wear of the inner bogies with the track curvature radius are roughly the same. The variation of the wheel wears in the two end bogies is a little different from that of the inner bogies. Comparison indicates that the wheels of the bolster type monorail wear more than that of the non-bolster type. Regardless of the monorail type, the wheels in the inner bogies wear more.
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Ishigami, Genya, Jim Overholt, and Karl Iagnemma. "Multi-Material Anisotropic Friction Wheels for Omnidirectional Ground Vehicles." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 24, no. 1 (February 20, 2012): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2012.p0261.
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In this paper, a novel wheel design utilizing the anisotropic friction property for omnidirectional vehicles is presented. The proposed wheel has a series of bendable “nodes” on its circumference, each of which is made of two materials with differing friction properties: one material exhibits high friction, and the other exhibits low friction. The high friction section of the node generates a high traction force, while the low friction section enables the wheel to passively skid. The wheels are arranged such that the robot wheel exhibits high traction in its drive direction (much like a conventional tire), but low traction when sliding laterally. Exploiting this “anisotropic friction” property, the proposed wheel enables a vehicle to realize omnidirectional motion (i.e., the vehicle can move any direction within the plane - forward, back, or laterally). While many other omnidirectional wheel drives exist, the proposed wheel is simpler than any other existing design because the wheel is composed of a single, moldable element. This paper summarizes the design of the proposed wheel and presents experimental comparisons between an omnidirectional robot using the proposed wheel and an omnidirectional robot using conventional wheels.
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Tso, Pei Lum, and Weng Hong Lin. "A Study on Grinding Brittle Material with Pattern-Dressed Wheel." Materials Science Forum 861 (July 2016): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.861.14.
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The high hardness of brittle materials always make it hard to machine with traditional grinding wheels. Conventionally a diamond grinding wheels was used to improve the poor processing capability. Usually the specific grinding energy had been used as an indicator of machinability. According to its definition, the specific grinding energy increases with the active contact area of the grinding wheel decreases. In other words, reducing the surface contact area of the grinding wheel can enhance the specific grinding energy effectively. Conditioning grooves on grinding wheels not only enhance the specific grinding energy, but also achieve the effect of reducing the heat dissipated during the grinding processes. With the proper selection parameters, the high cost of diamond grinding wheel may be replaced by less expensive conventional green carbon and aluminum oxide wheel. In this studies, the relationship between the surface topography of grinding wheels and the grinding capability of brittle materials was investigated. The results show that, the traditional grinding wheel dressing properly while the depth of cut less than 20μm with the rhombic pattern and the depth of cut more than 20μm with the groove-like pattern can grind the brittle materials as good as using diamond wheel.
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Hua, Liang, and Run-dong Zhou. "Damage and Fatigue Life Evaluation for Laser Cladding Remanufactured Wheel." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (March 3, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2060564.
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Owing to high speeds and heavy loads, the wheels of trains and locomotives undergo gradual but significant damage. Conventionally, these damaged wheels are repaired using the rotatory repair method; however, this approach results in large amounts of material waste. To address this issue, in this study, laser cladding remanufacturing technology was employed to repair a damaged wheel. The contact stress and creep characteristics of the cladded wheel were determined using Simpack, a dynamic simulation software program. The existing damage function model, which is based on the wear number, was modified, and this modified model was used to perform damage assessments for the remanufactured wheel. Furthermore, a life evaluation model for wheels remanufactured using this laser cladding technology was established. The service life of the cladded wheel calculated using this model was in good agreement with the design life of the wheel.
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Banjanin, S., and N. Mrosovsky. "Preferences of mice, Mus musculus, for different types of running wheel." Laboratory Animals 34, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367700780384681.
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Mice are increasingly used in research. In particular, their wheel running is often used as a measure of activity, and as a marker of phase of circadian rhythms. Learning about the preferences of mice for different types of wheel may improve their welfare and suggest ways of increasing activity levels. Mice, Mus musculus, were given a choice between different types of running wheel by putting them in cages equipped with two wheels. Strong preferences were shown for wheels with a plastic mesh flooring, rather than the standard metal rods only. The mesh was even preferred over a solid base, although this effect was not seen in mice that had been given access only to wheels with the solid base immediately prior to the choice test. Small diameter wheels, sometimes sold as mouse wheels, were preferred less than standardsized wheels with rods. The results suggest that types of running wheel often used in laboratories can be improved by considering the animals' preferences. The types of wheel tested here are easy to maintain and entail little additional cost, while increasing the mouse's interest in running and exercise.
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Vulovic, Snezana, Miroslav Zivkovic, Ana Pavlovic, Rodoljub Vujanac, and Marko Topalovic. "Strength Analysis of Eight-Wheel Bogie of Bucket Wheel Excavator." Metals 13, no. 3 (February 23, 2023): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13030466.
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Crawler travel gear is a type of heavy vehicle propulsion that is commonly found in tanks, excavators, and specialized off-road vehicles. They have an advantage over wheels when it comes to robust vehicle weight distribution over soft terrain, and some disadvantages as well. They can damage paved roads and have complex design so, considering the enormous weight they must carry, their reliability must be determined and verified. The main parts of the assembly are the drive wheels, which move the crawler, and the supporting structure that holds four-wheel bogies and two-wheel bogies. In this paper, we present a methodology for FEM analysis of parts of an eight-wheel bogie according to DIN 22261-2 standard.
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Nguyen, Tien Dong, Koji Matsumaru, Masakazu Takatsu, and Kozo Ishizaki. "Abrasive Grain Efficiency and Surface Roughness in Machining Magnesium Alloys by Newly Developed Cup-Type Diamond-Grinding-Wheels." Materials Science Forum 620-622 (April 2009): 769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.769.
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New cup-type diamond-grinding-wheels with hexagonal pattern have been developed. Grinding stone ratio, R is defined as the ratio between the hexagonal edge area containing abrasive grains and the total area of the wheel surface. In the present work, four kinds of hexagonal grinding wheels with different R (13 %, 19 %, 25 % and 36 %) and a conventional wheel (R: 100 %) were used to grind a light metals, which was represented by magnesium alloy AZ31B. Efficiency of abrasive grains and ground surface for machining a light metals were evaluated by calculating the number of abrasive grains which pass through a unit length of a sample surface for each grinding pass, Ng. The results show that surface roughness becomes smaller, i. e., smoother surfaces as Ng increases. Surfaces ground by the conventional wheel are rougher than those by using newly developed hexagonal grinding-wheels in spite of the larger Ng for the conventional wheel. Surface roughness data forms one curve in roughness vs. Ng graph for all hexagonal wheels, and forms another curve for the conventional grinding-wheel. The difference of two curves indicates that the number of effective working abrasive grains in hexagonal wheels is about 5 times higher than that of the conventional wheel. The similar results were obtained for machining sapphire according to our previous work. Hexagonal wheels show higher abrasive grain efficiency for machining not only hard-to-machine ceramics but also light metals such as magnesium alloys than conventional wheels.
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Deng, Yaoji, Youqun Zhao, Mingmin Zhu, Zhen Xiao, and Qiuwei Wang. "Comparative Analysis of Static Loading Performance of Rigid and Flexible Road Wheel based on Finite Element Method." Defence Science Journal 70, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.70.14040.
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To overcome the shortcomings of traditional rigid road wheel, such as poor damping effect and low load-bearing efficiency, a new type of flexible road wheel, having a unique suspension-bearing mode, was introduced. The three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of rigid and flexible road wheel, considering the triple nonlinear characteristics of geometry, material and contact, is established for numerical investigation of static loading performance. The accuracy of the finite element model of the rigid and flexible road wheel is verified by static loading experiment. The static loading performance of the rigid and flexible road wheels is numerically analyzed. The influence of vertical load on maximum stress and deformation of the rigid and flexible wheels is also studied. The results show that the contact pressure uniformity of the flexible road wheel is better than that of the rigid road wheel under the static vertical load, but the maximum stress and deformation of the flexible road wheel are greater than that of the rigid road wheel. However, this problem can be solved by increasing the number of hinge sets and optimising the joints. The research results provide theoretical basis for replacing rigid road wheel with flexible road wheel, and also provide reference for structural optimisation of flexible road wheel.
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Cai, L. R., J. H. Yu, and Z. M. Wan. "A Novel Electro-Discharge Dressing Technique for Nonelectrical Diamond Grinding Wheels." Key Engineering Materials 455 (December 2010): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.455.165.
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Conventional electrical discharge truing/dressing(EDD) technology shows important limitations that it is only applicable to electrical grinding wheels. This paper proposed novel EDD technology which could truing/dressing nonelectrical superabrasive grinding wheels such as resin-bonded diamond wheel and vitrified CBN wheel by means of covering electrical material on the surface of wheel. The principle of removing non-electrical bond during dressing process is illustrated. The results of electrical discharge dressing under different discharge current（ie）were compared. Experiments results indicate that the EDD method proposed in this paper has been applicable to nonelectrical bond wheels. In addition, discharge current has direct influence on the wheel surface topography and the performance of diamond grain.
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Yang, Yan Zhu, Wei Liang Liu, and Ru Zhong Yan. "Analysis of the Repairing Wheel Movement for CNC Dressing System of Formed Grinding Wheel." Advanced Materials Research 486 (March 2012): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.486.509.
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The movement of repairing wheel is not easy to design for CNC dressing system of formed grinding wheel, especially for complicated shape grinding wheels. The design of control algorithm is depended on the movement of repairing wheel. And the accuracy of the CNC system is also determined by the movement of repairing wheel. A dressing system with three axis simultaneous movement is introduced in this paper. The movement of repairing wheel is analyzed. A design for moving path of repairing wheel is proposed to adapt different kind of formed grinding wheel. And a curve fitting method for profiling of grinding wheel is designed.
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Zhu, Chuan Qi, Sen Wu, and Yun Zhen Yang. "Research on Electronic Differential Speed Control for In-Wheel Motor Drive Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 525 (February 2014): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.525.337.
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The paper studies control strategy of electronic differential for four in-wheel motors independent drive vehicle. For the in-wheel motor independent drive electric vehicle, the differential speed relationship among the two wheels is analyzed according to the Ackermann&Jeantand steering mode, building the steering differential speed mode which adapt to bench test. When a vehicle drives on a straight line, the speed of each drive wheel is equal. While on a curve, the speed between the inner wheel and the outer one must be different in order to maintain vehicle stability and avoid vehicle skid. The all wheels must meet the requirement of angular speed. Based on Matlab/Simulink software , As a input, vehicle structure parameter, steering angular and so on, this model of differential speed was structured, drive wheel differential speed relationship at different steering wheel angles was determined .Finally, this electronic differential speed control for in-wheel motor drive electric vehicle is validated through PID control closed loops bench simulation test .
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Hashimoto, Masafumi, Fuminori Oba, and Toru Eguchi. "Control of an Omnidirectional Vehicle with Multiple Modular Steerable Drive Wheels." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 11, no. 1 (February 20, 1999): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1999.p0002.
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This paper presents a method for controlling an omnidirectional vehicle with multiple modular steerable drive wheels. Each wheel module has two independent drive wheels and a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) attachment consisting of an active prismatic joint and a free rotary joint. The attachment enables the wheel module under nonholonomic constraint to move the chassis better omnidirectionally. A controller consisting of vehicle-level and wheel-module controllers is designed to coordinate wheel modules to ensure correct vehicle movement. The vehicle-level controller determines the desired acceleration of the vehicle chassis to track its reference path, and each wheel-module controller controls its own actuator movement to generate the desired acceleration. If the prismatic joint on the wheel module approaches its mechanical limit, the vehicle-level controller corrects the acceleration to keep the joint position within the workspace. Simulation of a vehicle with four wheel modules confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed control.
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Li, Yunwang, Sumei Dai, Lala Zhao, Xucong Yan, and Yong Shi. "Topological Design Methods for Mecanum Wheel Configurations of an Omnidirectional Mobile Robot." Symmetry 11, no. 10 (October 10, 2019): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11101268.
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A simple and efficient bottom-roller axle intersections approach for judging the omnidirectional mobility of the Mecanum wheel configuration is proposed and proved theoretically. Based on this approach, a sub-configuration judgment method is derived. Using these methods, on the basis of analyzing the possible configurations of three and four Mecanum wheels and existing Mecanum wheel configurations of robots in practical applications, the law determining wheel configuration is elucidated. Then, the topological design methods of the Mecanum wheel configurations are summarized and refined, including the basic configuration array method, multiple wheels replacement method, and combination method. The first two methods can be used to create suitable multiple-Mecanum-wheel configurations for a single mobile robot based on the basic Mecanum wheel configuration. Multiple single robots can be arranged by combination methods including end-to-end connection, side-by-side connection, symmetrical rectangular connection, and distributed combination, and then, the abundant combination configurations of robots can be obtained. Examples of Mecanum wheel configurations design based on a symmetrical four-Mecanum-wheel configuration and three centripetal configurations using these topological design methods are presented. This work can provide methods and a reference for Mecanum wheel configurations design.
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Pastirmaci, Anil, Ali Kara, and Caner Kalender. "Optimization of Dynamic Cornering Fatigue Test Process of Aluminum Alloy Wheels." Key Engineering Materials 774 (August 2018): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.774.361.
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Aluminum wheels are most commonly used wheel type for passenger cars for decades. A356 alloy (including alloying elements of 7% Si and 0.3% Mg) is used and a T6 heat treatment is applied for the wheels. A lot of proofing tests are applied on a wheel in order to ensure its reliability and to guarantee passenger safety. Dynamic cornering fatigue test is the most widely used fatigue performance evaluation method for passenger car wheels. Test is basically applied on the wheel by stretching and bending of the wheel spokes with an oscillating force applied at the far end of a shaft connected to the offset surface of the wheel. This test lasts for 2 to 200 hours depending on the desired number of cycles without a crack or the number of crack initiation cycle (fatigue life). Therefore for a laboratory conducting more than 1500 fatigue tests a year, minimization of test duration without changing applied stress on wheels increases the productivity and improves testing capacity. This study includes the investigations and applications to accelerate the dynamic cornering fatigue test of wheels experimentally. Applied stress levels for regular and accelerated tests were compared by using strain gage recordings experimentally.
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Idkham, M., M. Dhafir, Safrizal, and L. Putri. "Functional and performance test of modified lug wheel on two wheels tractor with pivot type trailer." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 922, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/922/1/012016.
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Abstract Palm oil fields with slopes require special wheels for transportation for transporting fresh fruit bunches (FFB), the special wheels in question are modified wheels from the existing cage wheel, the modified wheels can adjust the slope conditions on the land with the lug angle adjustment mechanism. The objective of this study was to test the functional and performance of the modified lug wheel as a means of transporting FFB on sloping land using a hand tractor on a pivot type trailer. Functional testing on the modified lug wheel was carried out by observing changes in the angle of the lugs (0, 15, 30, 45)0 by lifting one of the tractor shafts first using a jack, after which the locking pins were released. The angle change rim can be moved clockwise or anticlockwise by hand according to the desired lug angle. Performance testing on the modified lug wheel is carried out by observing and calculating the slip on the wheel. Functional testing on trailer pivots is carried out by observing all components of the towing system when installed and operated, to determine whether the trailer towing system can function properly. Performance testing on the pivot trailer is done by observing and calculating the turning radius when the tractor turns. Performance testing is also carried out by observing the stability of the two-wheel tractor and trailer. The slope of the land and the angle of the lugs greatly affect wheel slip, the higher the slope on a land, the higher the possibility of wheel slippage during operation. The test results show that the use of modified lug wheels shows better performance at 30° lug angle, as seen from the smaller slip value at 30° lug angle.
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Takahashi, Naoki, and Kenichiro Nonaka. "Model Predictive Leg Configuration Control for Leg/Wheel Mobile Robots that Adapts to Changes in Ground Level." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 35, no. 1 (February 20, 2023): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2023.p0160.
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Leg/wheel mobile robots, which have articulated legs ending in a wheel, can walk on legs as well as drive on wheels by switching between those two motive mechanisms in response to the terrain. However, effective control of the redundant degrees of freedom of leg/wheel mobile robots is complex. In this study, we propose a model predictive controller for leg configuration control that achieves both driving along the ground surface and climbing over a step. The proposed method simultaneously optimizes the robot pose, wheel positions, and joint angles. To consider the kinematic configuration of the legs explicitly, we formulate constraints on the relative position between the body and wheels. The ground contact condition of the wheels is approximately expressed as a continuous function with respect to each wheel’s relative position to the ground. This formulation induces smooth lifting of the wheels when the ground level abruptly changes, as when climbing a step. To prevent overturning, we evaluate the load distribution between each grounded wheel and constrain the body position to form a support polygon consisting of the grounded wheels. We conducted numerical simulations to verify that the proposed method achieves both driving on wheels and climbing over a step.
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Milošević, Miloš, Aleksandar Miltenović, Milan Banić, and Miša Tomić. "DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL STRESS IN THE RAIL WHEEL DURING QUENCHING PROCESS BY FEM SIMULATION." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 3 (December 9, 2017): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume170206029m.
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Residual stresses of the rail wheels are influenced by heat treatment during the manufacturing process. The quenching process during the manufacturing results in the residual stresses within the rail wheel that may be dangerous for the rail wheel during its operation. Determination of the residual stress in the rail wheel is important for understanding the damage mechanisms and their influence on the proper work of rail wheels. This paper presents a method for determining the residual stresses in the rail wheel during the quenching process by using the directly coupled thermal-structural analysis in ANSYS software.
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Jin, Zhu Ji, Ze Wei Yuan, Ren Ke Kang, and B. X. Dong. "Study on Two Kinds of Grinding Wheels for Dynamic Friction Polishing of CVD Diamond Film." Key Engineering Materials 389-390 (September 2008): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.389-390.217.
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This paper investigates two kinds of grinding wheels prepared by the combination of mechanical alloy and hot-press sintering (MA-HPS). Scanning electro microscopy, Optical microscope, Talysurf surface profiler, X-Ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize two kinds of grinding wheels and identify the removal mechanism. It was found that FeNiCr matrix-TiC (FMT) grinding wheel yielded higher removal rate than TiAl abrasiveless carbophile (TAC) grinding wheel, which conversely owned good polishing quality; diamond was removed by transformation diamond to non-diamond carbons and then removed by mechanically or diffusion to grinding wheel during polishing process with FMT grinding wheel. While TAC grinding wheel polishing CVD diamond film mainly depended on the reaction between diamond carbon and titanium.
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Prabowo, Aditya Rio, Yuwana Sanjaya, and Fitrian Imaduddin. "Forecasting technical performance and cost estimation of designed rim wheels based on variations of geometrical parameters." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2022-0022.
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Abstract Rim wheel testing through the SAE standard is necessary for driving safety. This study focused on rim wheel tests carried out using the dynamic radial fatigue test method, which has been included in the SAE standard using Fusion360 for the design and ANSYS for the simulation. With different parameters for the rim wheel type, only some parameters of the tested rim wheels were able to pass the standardization by SAE; 16 rim wheels passed the test, while the other 11 rim wheels did not pass. Simulation results suggested that variations in the thickness, geometry, and material affected the displacement of the safety factor, which was inversely proportional. In addition, the variation in the rim wheel produced a change in the safety factor due to changes in its mass and cost, which were directly proportional. The results of this study will aid in rim wheel design, not only in terms of achieving the best performance but also with regard to cost efficiency.
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Zhao, Jianwei, Yuanshuang Liu, Yuanyuan Qu, Feng Bian, and Yu Ban. "Model and simulation of four-wheeled robot based on Mecanum wheel." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 08, no. 02 (October 24, 2016): 1750015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962317500155.
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Based on Mecanum wheels and “[Formula: see text]”-shaped planetary wheels, we combine these two kinds of wheels’ respective motion principle with their advantages to design a new type of four-wheeled robot: install the Mecanum wheels at the end of “[Formula: see text]”-shaped planetary wheel group. The wheel designed based on Mecanum wheels and “[Formula: see text]”-shaped planetary wheel can adapt to the complex terrain such as stairs, steps, and at the same time it can achieve the rotation of the whole body in a limited space. This paper studies the adaptability of the four-wheeled robot to the stairs, analyzing and calculating the parameters of the four-wheeled robot and the stairs.
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Zub, I., and S. Sapronova. "NFLUENCE OF DEVIATIONS IN THE POSITION OF WHEEL PAIRS IN A FREIGHT-CAR ON THE GUIDING FORCES." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies" 1, no. 40 (December 28, 2022): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2022-40-6.
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The article puts forward a hypothesis according to which the violation of the nominal setting of wheel pairs in railway rolling stock carts is the main reason for the increase in guiding forces in the wheel flange contacts of the wheels of freight cars with the rails. Increased loads in wheel flange contacts are the cause of a number of other negative phenomena: increased intensity of wear (undercutting) of wheel flange, increased wear of the side surfaces of rail heads, decrease in the coefficient of stability of wagons from derailment, etc. To test this hypothesis, a study was conducted to obtain dependencies, first of all, these are the characteristics of the influence of geometric deviations of the position of the wheel pairs in the cart on the level of guiding forces in the contacts of the wheels with the rails and the wear of the wheel flanges. The relevance of this study is confirmed by data on the catastrophic wear of rails and solid-rolled wheels of wagons. An analysis of statistical data oblique setting of wheel pairs in carts in plan due to running-in of side frames was made, which shows that in 80% of wagons these angles can be up to 0,015 rad (0,85 degrees). The formula for the critical derailment ratio of the frame force to the vertical load on the wheel has been clarified, in contrast to Nadal's formula, which additionally takes into account the deflection forces in the contact of the overlapping wheel.