Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Wheat trade Australia South Australia'
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1
Wynter, Hugh. "Price risk management strategies for South Australian wheat growers /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AS/09asw991.pdf.
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Brooks, Brenton James. "Breeding durum wheat for South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb8731.pdf.
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Park, Young-Il. "Australia-Korea trade, 1962-1981." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php235.pdf.
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Zubaidi, Akhmad. "Growth and yield of durum and bread wheat." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09az93.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 148-160. A series of experiments was conducted to examine the growth and nutrient uptake of durum and bread wheat at a number of sites in South Australia. The experiments examined response to water stress, the pattern of root and shoot growth, soil water extraction and nutrient uptake among a range of adapted bread wheat and durum wheat cultivars.
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Lotfollahi, Mohammad. "The effect of subsoil mineral nitrogen on grain protein concentration of wheat." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl882.pdf.
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Copy of author's previously published work inserted. Bibliography: leaves 147-189. This project examines the uptake of mineral N from the subsoil after anthesis and its effect on grain protein concentration (GPC) of wheat. The overall objective is to examine the importance of subsoil mineral N and to investigate the ability of wheat to take up N from the subsoil late in the season under different conditions of N supply and soil water availability. Greenhouse experiments investigate the importance of subsoil mineral N availability on GPC of wheat and the factors that contribute to the effective utilisation of N. The recovery of N from subsoil, the effect of split N application on GPC and short term N uptake by the wheat at different rooting densities are also studied.
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Sloane, David. "Early vigour : its role in enhancing the productivity of wheat grown in South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AFP/09afps634.pdf.
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Moussavi-Nik, Mohsen. "Seed quality and crop establishment in wheat." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm933.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 247-268. A series of laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate aspects of seed quality in a range of bread wheat genotypes important in South Australia as well as a durum cultivar, Yallaroi. It was concluded that sound healthy seed does vary in quality and this affects seedling vigour, crop establishment and grain yield. Seed source can affect genotype performance in evaluation trials. There is genetic variability for embryo size, coleoptile length, nutrient efficiency and nutrient loading in to the seed which can be exploited by breeders. Agronomically, seed quality can be improved by managing seed crops to aid accumulation of mineral nutrients in the seed and then selecting, by grading, only large seed for sowing.
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Taheri, Abdolhossein. "Interaction between root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus, and root-rotting fungi of wheat." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht128.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 307-329. This study concludes that in soils in South Australia where root-rotting fungi and P. neglectus exist together, root disease of wheat is caused by their combined effect. Evidence suggests that P. neglectus not only contributes to this interaction through mechanical wounding of roots, but also causes biochemical and physiological changes in plants, making them more prone to fungal infection.
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Nicol, Julie. "The distribution, pathogenicity and population dynamics of Pratylenchus thornei on wheat in South Australia." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn634.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 224-236. The study aimed to determine the distribution of both P. thornei and P. neglectus in South Australia. Also to study the field and laboratory population dynamics of P. thornei in relation to wheat yields, to determine its host range on a variety of cereal and non-leguminous hosts and to identify possible sources of nematode resistant wheat cultivars/varieties. Preliminary experiments studied the involvement of root rotting fungi with the nematode in wheat disease.
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Whittle, P. J. L. "Studies on common root rot and Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat and barley in South Australia /." Adelaide : Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Departments of Crop Protection and Plant Science, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw6274.pdf.
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Lobb, Alexandra E. "Two studies of the Australian Wheat Board : a traditional price discrimination model, and the privatisation process and pricing behaviour of a risk averse firm." University of Western Australia. School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0071.
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This thesis is motivated by the impacts of contemporary political and economic issues such as microeconomic reform and regulatory control on the Australian wheat industry. Firstly, the suggestion of whether the AWB (International) Ltd commands market power and secondly, that the objectives of the AWB Ltd have changed since semi-privatisation of the Australian Wheat Board under the Wheat Marketing Act, 1989. The AWB (International) Ltd’s ability to price discriminate is a key component to the retention of the single desk regulatory arrangement for the export of Australian wheat. Due to data restrictions the market power of the AWB (International) Ltd has not been determined within this thesis. To complement this traditional approach, a more novel proposal is developed to determine the effect of microeconomic reform on the Australian wheat industry. Conceptualising the change of the AWB Ltd’s objectives as a shift from revenue maximization to profit maximization, this study examines the impact of such a change on the pricing policies of a multi- market price-setting firm. More specifically, this study investigates, for two hypothetical objective functions, a risk averse firm’s price-setting behaviour in an “overseas” and a “domestic” market, given differing costs of supply, uncertain demand functions and differing price elasticities of demand in each market. The aim is to generate empirically testable hypotheses relating to the impact of a change of objectives on pricing behaviour.
12
Vagh, Yunous. "Mining climate data for shire level wheat yield predictions in Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/695.
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Climate change and the reduction of available agricultural land are two of the most important factors that affect global food production especially in terms of wheat stores. An ever increasing world population places a huge demand on these resources. Consequently, there is a dire need to optimise food production.
Estimations of crop yield for the South West agricultural region of Western Australia have usually been based on statistical analyses by the Department of Agriculture and Food in Western Australia. Their estimations involve a system of crop planting recommendations and yield prediction tools based on crop variety trials. However, many crop failures arise from adherence to these crop recommendations by farmers that were contrary to the reported estimations. Consequently, the Department has sought to investigate new avenues for analyses that improve their estimations and recommendations.
This thesis explores a new approach in the way analyses are carried out. This is done through the introduction of new methods of analyses such as data mining and online analytical processing in the strategy. Additionally, this research attempts to provide a better understanding of the effects of both gradual variation parameters such as soil type, and continuous variation parameters such as rainfall and temperature, on the wheat yields.
The ultimate aim of the research is to enhance the prediction efficiency of wheat yields. The task was formidable due to the complex and dichotomous mixture of gradual and continuous variability data that required successive information transformations. It necessitated the progressive moulding of the data into useful information, practical knowledge and effective industry practices. Ultimately, this new direction is to improve the crop predictions and to thereby reduce crop failures.
The research journey involved data exploration, grappling with the complexity of Geographic Information System (GIS), discovering and learning data compatible software tools, and forging an effective processing method through an iterative cycle of action research experimentation. A series of trials was conducted to determine the combined effects of rainfall and temperature variations on wheat crop yields. These experiments specifically related to the South Western Agricultural region of Western Australia. The study focused on wheat producing shires within the study area. The investigations involved a combination of macro and micro analyses techniques for visual data mining and data mining classification techniques, respectively.
The research activities revealed that wheat yield was most dependent upon rainfall and temperature. In addition, it showed that rainfall cyclically affected the temperature and soil type due to the moisture retention of crop growing locations. Results from the regression analyses, showed that the statistical prediction of wheat yields from historical data, may be enhanced by data mining techniques including classification.
The main contribution to knowledge as a consequence of this research was the provision of an alternate and supplementary method of wheat crop prediction within the study area. Another contribution was the division of the study area into a GIS surface grid of 100 hectare cells upon which the interpolated data was projected. Furthermore, the proposed framework within this thesis offers other researchers, with similarly structured complex data, the benefits of a general processing pathway to enable them to navigate their own investigations through variegated analytical exploration spaces. In addition, it offers insights and suggestions for future directions in other contextual research explorations.
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Norrish, Shane A., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Environment and Agriculture. "Soil and water interactions controlling wheat crop response to phosphorus fertiliser in north-western New South Wales." THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Norrish_S.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/613.
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This thesis examines the response to P fertiliser by wheat crops growing in the vertosol soils of the low rainfall areas of the northern grain zone of eastern Australia. Farmers in this region depend on water accumulated from rainfall over a fallow period and stored in the subsoil to increase wheat grain yield beyond that normally achievable from in-crop rainfall and to decrease the production risks due to rainfall variability. The large variability in stored water, seasonal rainfall and subsoil properties result in extremely varied yield and yield responses to P fertiliser between seasons and between sites. Finally, as a practical guide to predicting wheat response to P fertilizer: 1/. current sampling strategies of determining P only in the surface 10 cm appear to be adequate for soils with bicarbonate P concentrations greater than 15 mg/kg. 2/. For soils with lower concentrations in the surface, sampling of 80 cm is recommended. Crops with a mean concentration of bicarbonate P greater than 7 mg/kg between 10 - 80 cm are unlikely to respond to P fertiliser. 3/. No increase in profitable grain yield response was found for fertiliser applications greater than 10 kg P/ha.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Whittle, Peter James Latimer. "Studies on common root rot and Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat and barley in South Australia." Adelaide Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Departments of Crop Protection and Plant Science, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21645.
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201p.Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Depts. of Crop Protection and Plant Science 1992
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Whittle, Peter James Latimer. "Studies on common root rot and Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat and barley in South Australia." Thesis, Adelaide Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Departments of Crop Protection and Plant Science, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21645.
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Kitchen, Julie Louise. "Nutrition and nutrional value of wheat grown in organic and conventional farming systems in South Australia." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk618.pdf.
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Holloway, Robert E. "Factors affecting the growth of wheat roots in the subsoils of upper Eyre Peninsula, South Australia /." Adelaide : University of Adelaide, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ah745.pdf.
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Jahansooz, Mohammad Reza. "Wheat-chickpea yield performance, competition and resource use in intercropping, under rainfed conditions of South Australia." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AFP/09afpj25.pdf.
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Bibliography: p. 203-222. The aim of this thesis was to quantify yield performance, competition effects and the capture and utilisation of resources of some important winter cereals and legumes as intercrops.
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Elliott, Jane E. "The colonies clothed : a survey of consumer interests in New South Wales and Victoria, 1787-1887 /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe462.pdf.
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Nelson, Christopher. "Tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade in the beef, dairy & wheat industry in Japan, Taiwan & Thailand between 1974 & 1994 /." Connect to thesis, 1995. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000902.
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Stevens, Deann Margaret. "Challenging the global-local dichotomy and the emergence of the neo local food system in South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arms8441.pdf.
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Vanstone, Vivien Alison. "The role of fungi and the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus, in damaging wheat roots in South Australia." Title page, summary and contents only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phv281.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 265-296). Pathogens associated with root damage were investigated in the Murray Mallee region of South Australia over the 1987-1989 growing seasons. Occurence of fungal species and the root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus neglectus) was assessed, and related to the appearance and severity of symptoms on the roots. Field experiments were supplemented with innoculation tests in the glasshouse and laboratory.
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Saberi, Hossein Khabaz. "Manganese efficiency in durum wheat (Triticum targidum L. var durum)." Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09APSP/09apsps115.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 203-212. This study investigated the genetic diversity for tolerance of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) to micronutrient deficient soils with an emphasis on manganese. 69 genotypes were studied under field conditions at Marion Bay (Lower Eyre Peninsula) and Coonalpyn. Durum genotypes, notably Stojocri, were identified as having higher tolerance than commerical durum varieties.
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Larwood, Andrew John. "Cleaner production : promoting and achieving it in the South Australian foundry industry." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envl336.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 123-130. The literature search and the findings from the investigation have been used to provide recommendations for a sector specific cooperative approach using regulation, self-regulation, voluntary agreements, economic incentatives and educational/information strategies to promote and acheive cleaner production in the South Australian foundry industry.
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Forrest, Robyn Elizabeth. "Simulation models for estimating productivity and trade-offs in the data-limited fisheries of New South Wales, Australia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3417.
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Recent shifts towards ecosystem based fisheries management (EBFM) around the world have necessitated consideration of effects of fishing on a larger range of species than previously. Non-selective multispecies fisheries are particularly problematic for EBFM, as they can contribute to erosion of ecosystem structure. The trade-off between catch of productive commercial species and abundance of low-productivity species is unavoidable in most multispecies fisheries. A first step in evaluation of this trade-off is estimation of productivity of different species but this is often hampered by poor data.
This thesis develops techniques for estimating productivity for data-limited species and aims to help clarify EBFM policy objectives for the fisheries of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. It begins with development of an age-structured model parameterised in terms of optimal harvest rate, UMSY. UMSY is a measure of productivity, comparable among species and easily communicated to managers. It also represents a valid threshold for prevention of overfishing. The model is used to derive UMSY for 54 Atlantic fish stocks for which recruitment parameters had previously been estimated. In most cases, UMSY was strongly limited by the age at which fish were first caught. However, for some species, UMSY was more strongly constrained by life history attributes. The model was then applied to twelve species of Australian deepwater dogshark (Order Squaliformes), known to have been severely depleted by fishing. Results showed that the range of possible values of UMSY for these species is very low indeed. These findings enabled a preliminary stock assessment for three dogsharks (Centrophorus spp.) currently being considered for threatened species listing. Preliminary results suggest they have been overfished and that overfishing continues. Finally, an Ecopath with Ecosim ecosystem model, representing the 1976 NSW continental slope, is used to illustrate trade-offs in implementation of fishing policies under alternative policy objectives. Results are compared with those of a biogeochemical ecosystem model (Atlantis) of the same system, built by scientists from CSIRO. While there were large differences in model predictions for individual species, they gave similar results when ranking alternative fishing policies, suggesting that ecosystem models may be useful for exploring broad-scale strategic management options.
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De, Barro Paul Joseph. "Ecology of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the low rainfall wheat belt of South Australia." Adelaide Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Waite Institute, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21616.
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1 v.Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Crop Protection, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, 1992
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McLaughlin, Michael John. "Phosphorus cycling in soil under wheat-pasture rotations /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm1615.pdf.
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Hughes, Darren Michael. "The influence of cultivar, environment and nutrition management onwheat quality in the high rainfall zone of south west, Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2144.
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The high rainfall zone (HRZ) of south west Western Australian (WA) has traditionally been dominated by livestock industries. However, a reduction in wool price throughout the 1990’s has stimulated a transition to farm systems that contain an increasing proportion of annual cropping enterprises. The HRZ, compared to traditional wheat belt areas of WA, has higher rainfall and a longer, cooler growing season. Potential grain yields as determined by seasonal rainfall are not often achieved because of inadequate nutrition and other constraints such as water-logging and disease. Substantial research has been conducted in the HRZ focusing on increasing grain yield to limits set by seasonal rainfall. Research on wheat grain quality characteristics, however, has been limited. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of cultivar, environment and nutrition management on wheat quality characteristics in the HRZ of south west WA and to examine the stability of cultivar performance in relation to site and season.A series of experiments was grown at Moora and Williams in 2005, 2006 and 2007. Sites were chosen to represent contrasting environments within the HRZ. Moora, the more northern site typically has higher temperatures and lower rainfall compared to Williams. Eight cultivars were selected, two that are accepted into each of the commercial quality grades (Australian Prime Hard APH, Australian Hard AH, Australian Premium White APW and Durum). Three levels of nutrition management were applied ‘control’, ‘grower’ and ‘researcher’ and were chosen to simulate low, medium and high fertiliser rates likely to be used by growers in the HRZ. Treatments effects were measured for grain yield, physical grain quality characteristics and grain protein quality charactertics as determined by a mixograph.Environment was responsible for almost 90% of the variation for grain yield, screenings, Hagberg falling number and milling yield. Management of crop nutrition was the principal source of variation for grain protein quantity (48%), dough strength as measured by mixograph area below the curve (52%) and water absorption (46%-52%). It was often the second greatest source of variation for other characteristics measured in this study. Cultivar was the predominant source of variation for dough strength as measured by mixograph initial build-up (46%) and dough stability (47%), but it had only a small affect on grain yield and grain protein quantity (2%).The increase in nutrition resulted in a significant increase in water absorption and dough strength and a trend towards increasing dough stability. An increase in gliadin and glutenin proteins is thought to be responsible for this result. The low nutritional status of soils in the HRZ not only restricts grain yield but grain protein quantity and quality. The impact of nutrition management on grain yield and quality characteristics as shown in these experiments should be considered by breeders, agronomists and marketers when interpreting experimental results. Furthermore, the results indicate that the nutritional management of breeding experiments should be based on a sound methodical approach, incorporating a combination of soil test results, grain yield potential and seasonal monitoring for the environment in question and not be simply based on levels that are either ‘district practice’ or ‘non-limiting’.This study has also identified statistically significant differences between cultivars for stability of grain yield and grain protein quality. Four cultivars (three bread wheat and one durum wheat) were characterised as having dynamic stability, which is described as the ability to respond to an environment in a predictable way. In addition, three cultivars were assessed as having static stability, unchanged performance regardless of any variation in environment for water absorption. This information indicates that assessment of stability of cultivars during the early stages of testing can assist commercial buyers in sourcing suitable grain quality and even that there may be potential to breed cultivars with improved static or dynamic stability.If it is assumed that the Australian wheat industry cannot compete in a global wheat market based on the relatively small level of production. Then the future of the industry lies in producing the qualities required by specific markets. Realizing the impact of nutrition management on quality characteristics in the HRZ of WA will be a positive step towards a sustainable industry.
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Pearse, Stuart James. "Carboxylates in the rhizosphere of canola, wheat, lupins and pulses : their role in P acquisition from sparingly soluble forms." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0069.
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[Truncated abstract] Native Australian soils contain very low amounts of phosphorus. The soils of southwestern Australia are ancient and highly weathered. Consequently, the availability of phosphorus in these soils is too low for cropping purposes, so the application of P is necessary to maintain productivity. When P is applied to soil, typically as soluble superphosphate, it tends to be transformed to increasingly less soluble forms over time. Sparingly soluble forms of soil P are relatively inaccessible to Triticum aestivum; however, many grain legumes have a higher P-acquisition efficiency, allowing them to access pools of soil P that T. aestivum cannot. The P-acquisition efficiency of some grain legumes has been attributed in part to their ability to release large quantities of carboxylates, coupled with the development of cluster roots for species such as Lupinus albus. There are a number of unexplained observations in terms of the P-acquisition efficiency of grain legume species and the way that those species respond to P fertilisation. This PhD project aimed to study carboxylate release from a range of crop species, and investigate its role in variation among species for acquisition of phosphorus from sparingly soluble forms (chapter 1). ... L. albus (chapter 5). There was considerable variation in P acquisition among accessions. The variation cannot be attributed to differences in carboxylate release, cluster-root development or whole root system rhizosphere extract pH as measured in this study. We hypothesise that the variation might be attributed to differences in the ratio of release of protons and other cations localised around cluster roots. In conclusion studies of carboxylate exudation and sparingly soluble forms should use more than a single form if the aim is to draw generalised conclusions on P-uptake efficiency from sparingly soluble forms. Comparative studies of a range of species are a useful tool for enhancing our understanding of root physiology. While the benefit of carboxylates for providing access to poorly soluble P has been demonstrated, questions remain as to potential other roles for carboxylates, particularly in species that do not form cluster roots. Variation in P uptake among accessions of L. albus is present, and more work on proton release and ion balance of root clusters is necessary to understand intraspecific variation.
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Jenkins, Sommer. "Ecophysiological principles governing the zonation of puccinellia (Puccinellia ciliata) and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) on saline waterlogged land in south-western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0133.
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Puccinellia (puccinellia ciliata) and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) often show ecological zonation in saline landscapes, with puccinellia occurring in less elevated more saline/waterlogged locations, and tall wheatgrass occurring in more elevated less saline/waterlogged locations. The aims of this study were to: (a) characterize the observed ecological zonation at a field site, (b) quantify the effects of variables likely to explain growth differences of the two plants in glasshouse experiments, and (c) identify and compare anatomical and physiological mechanisms that explain these zonation patterns. At an experiment in the field near Kojonup (0522824E, 6244579N), puccinellia was found to colonise the lower more severely salinised and waterlogged zones of the landscape, with tall wheatgrass occupying the higher less affected zones. These differences in zonation were clearly associated with variance in soil salinity and water-table depth. Glasshouse experiments in soil revealed that low pH values, low calcium concentrations and variation in salinity alone did not explain the ecological zonation observed in the field. However, there was a substantial difference in the responses of the two plant species to waterlogging in combination with salinity. Puccinellia grew better under saline waterlogged conditions than tall wheatgrass, which was associated with better regulation of Na+ and K+ under saline/waterlogged conditions than in tall wheatgrass. Under non-saline conditions, waterlogging (hypoxia) decreased shoot weights in puccinellia by 15% and in tall wheatgrass by 20%. Similar growth results were obtained in nutrient solution culture, where waterlogging was simulated by lowering the oxygen in solutions through bubbling with N2 gas. Under saline hypoxic conditions, puccinellia, compared to tall wheatgrass, showed increased growth and maintenance of selectivity of K+ over Na+ across adventitious roots. Solution experiments revealed adaptive traits responsible for conveying better growth and ion maintenance present in puccinellia, but not tall wheatgrass, such as inducement of a barrier to radial oxygen loss in the basal regions of adventitious roots (not previously reported in the literature for puccinellia), formation of root aerenchyma and packing of cortical cells and suberin deposition in hypodermal and endodermal root cell layers. These results should assist in targeting pasture species, and predicting their growth response, in saline and waterlogged landscapes. Further work on examining the genetic material of puccinellia is warranted in order to identify genes that could be transferred into crop plants to convey salt and waterlogging tolerance.
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Soko, Milford Sibusiso. "Re-engaging with the global trading system : the political economy of trade policy reform in post-apartheid South Africa, 1994-2004." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2004. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/50693/.
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The thesis examines the political economy of trade policy reform in post-apartheid South Africa. It challenges mainstream accounts of contemporary trade policy in South Africa, which have advanced a solely economic rationale to explain the policy choices made by the ANC governments since 1994. The thesis argues that, far more than these accounts concede, international and domestic political economy considerations have also played a central part in the ANC governments' calculations to undertake trade reform to the degree it has. Trade reform in South Africa has been the linchpin of a global adjustment strategy pursued by the domestic political elites by which they have sought to fulfill South Africa's global, regional and domestic political and economic objectives. At the global level, the South African state has vigorously pursued trade liberalisation in order to shed its past image of international pariah and reintegrate itself into the global economy on the basis of outward-oriented growth. Restoring South Africa's international political respectability has been as important as reversing its economic marginalisation in the international division of labour. At the regional level, the South African state has used trade policy reform as a foreign economic policy tool not only to rebuild political and diplomatic relations with African countries strained during the apartheid era - but also to advance its hegemonic ambitions, particularly in Southern Africa, as well as reinforce the region's ability to engage with the forces of economic globalisation. The extent to which South Africa's regional hegemonic ambitions can be achieved, however, lies ultimately with how adeptly the country can reconcile these regional aspirations with its domestic pressures. At the domestic level, trade reform has been deployed by the decision-making elites not only to lock in the government's austere macroeconomic policy but also to curtail the power of domestic interests that have benefited from trade protectionism in the past. In return for their co-operation, the South African state has allowed these interests, notably business and labour, enhanced institutional representation in economic policymaking. In this sense trade policy has been employed to serve domestic as much as foreign political and economic policy ends.
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Pillay, Neermala Neelavathy. "Assessed losses: the trade and income from trade requirements as set out in section 20 of the Income Tax Act of 1962." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1670.
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Section 20 of the Income Tax Act, No 58 of 1962 allows a taxpayer that incurs an assessed loss to carry forward the balance of assessed loss incurred, to be set off against taxable income earned in or added to losses incurred in future years. The issues regarding the carry forward of assessed losses in terms of section 20 is complex and in terms of the said section, a company is only entitled to set off its assessed loss from the previous year against its taxable income in the current year, if the taxpayer has carried on a trade during the current year and has derived income from that trade. Under the provisions of section 20(2A), a taxpayer other than a company can utilise an assessed loss even if no trading has been conducted. Assessed losses of natural persons, may however be ring-fenced. The aim of this treatise was twofold. Firstly it was to gain clarity on the „trade‟ and „income from trade‟ issues and secondly to compare South African legislation with that of Australia, with a view to recommending a change in our rules regarding the treatment of assessed losses in the context of companies. The critical lessons to be learned from the cases presented, is that liquidators, creditors and others must ensure that the company continues trading in order to x keep the assessed losses valid. Realisation of assets (including stock), and the collection of outstanding debts during liquidation does not constitute the carrying on of a trade in terms of s 20(1). The continuity of trade is an important element in regard to the carry forward of assessed losses to be utilised in the current and future years. Therefore it is important that a company carries on some activity that falls within the definition of trade. In the landmark case of SA Bazaars, it was held that a company did not have to trade continuously throughout the year to qualify for the set-off of the assessed loss or carry forward of the assessed loss, that is, to trade for say part of the year. The court however left open the issue of whether it was necessary to derive income from that trade. In order to clarify the issues regarding assessed losses, SARS issued Interpretation Note 33 granting taxpayers a concession in certain cases where a company has traded, but not derived income from that trade. But in ITC 1830, the court ruled that a company must trade and must derive income from that trade in order to carry forward its assessed loss, which effectively means that SARS cannot apply Interpretation Note 33. SARS does not have the authority to make concession which is contrary to the wording of the Act. xi In Australia, operating losses can be carried forward indefinitely to be set-off against future income, provided a company meets the more than 50% continuity of ownership test. Where the continuity test fails, losses can be deducted if the same business is carried on in the income year (the same business test). From the research conducted and in order to solve the issues surrounding the carry forward of assessed losses it was suggested that one of the following be adopted :- The method used in Australia for the carry forward of assessed losses., or A decision of the Supreme Court of Appeal is needed for a departure from the literal meaning of the words pertaining to the requirements regarding the carry forward of assessed losses. Furthermore, to clarify the definition of „income‟, as used in the context of s20, is it gross income less exempt income or taxable income?. If section 20 relates to taxable income, then an assessed loss will never be increased, which it is submitted, is not what the legislature intended. Section 20 ought to be revisited to eliminate any uncertainty about the income requirement and in the context in which the word „income‟ is used in that section.
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Coppa, Isabel Patricia Maria, and Isabel coppa@csw com au. "The use of remote sensing data for broad acre grain crop monitoring in Southeast Australia." RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070201.095831.
Full textAbstract:
In 2025, there will be almost 8 billion people to feed as the worlds population rapidly increases. To meet domestic and export demands, Australian grain productivity needs to approximately triple in the next 20 years, and this production needs to occur in an environmentally sustainable manner. The advent of Hi-tech Precision Farming in Australia has shown promise in recent time to optimize the use of resources. Most
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Kerin, Paul D. "A spatial economic analysis of the Eyre Peninsula grain handling and transportation system." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ECM/09ecmk39.pdf.
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Tonkin, Rebecca Elizabeth. "The influence of seeding density and environmental factors on grain quality of main stems and tillers of wheat in South Australia (with special reference to prime hard quality wheat) : a thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht6654.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Discipline of Soil and Land Systems, 2004."November 2004" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-189). Also available online.
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Wallace, Ashley J. "The effect of environment, soil type and farm system management on nitrogen use efficiency and nitrous oxide emissions from cereal crops in south eastern Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/232432/1/Ashley_Wallace_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis outlines findings from a series of field experiments measuring the efficiency with which wheat and barley crops grown in south eastern Australia utilise nitrogen (N) fertiliser, with particular focus on loss of N as emissions of the greenhouse gas: nitrous oxide. N use efficiency varied significantly across regions, seasons and management strategies, while nitrous oxide emissions were highest in high rainfall environments or under irrigation compared with lower rainfall environments. Strategies which match the rate and timing of fertiliser application to crop demand resulted in greater efficiency, offering opportunities to reduce the greenhouse footprint of crop production.
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Lea, Emma J. "Moving from meat : vegetarianism, beliefs and information sources." Connect to this title online, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl4335.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 327-346). A random population survey and a survey of vegetarians were conducted to examine South Australians' beliefs about meat and vegetarianism. Meat beliefs, barriers and benefits of vegetarianism, meat consumption, personal values, use of and trust in sources of food/nutrition/health information and demographic variables were measured.
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Wynter, Hugh. "Price risk management strategies for South Australian wheat growers." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69427.
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This study investigates how South Australian wheat growers have adjusted to the deregulation of their industry since 1989. Prior to this date growers were obliged to deliver their wheat to the Australian Wheat Board which undertook the management of price risk on their behalf. Since that date growers have an increasing number of ways by which they can price their wheat.Thesis (M.App.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2004
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Cooper, David Seth. "Genetics and agronomy of transient salinity in Triticum durum and T. aestivum." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/59204.
Full textAbstract:
Title page, table of contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library.Transient salinity in soils is characterised by high concentrations of salts in the subsoil. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. Var. durum) is less tolerant of transient salinity than locally developed bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties, and this results in reliable durum production being restricted to relatively unaffected soils. Field trials were conducted to assess the relative impact of transient salinity, boron toxicity and bicarbonate on crop production and highlighted the importance of combining tolerance to all three subsoil constraints into varieties intended for widespread adoption; and if the area of durum production is to be expanded. The Na exclusion locus from the landrace Na49 was found to improve the adaptation of durum to sites affected by transient salinity and is now being intogressed into a wide range of breeding material.
http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1152134
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture and Wine, 2005
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Tonkin, Rebecca. "The influence of seeding density and environmental factors on grain quality of main stems and tillers of wheat in South Australia." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37928.
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Prime Hard wheat, a high protein hard wheat classification of the Australian Wheat Board, has traditionally been grown in Queensland and the northern areas of New South Wales. Recently there have been moves to extend this area into the more southern regions of the wheat belt, to expand production of this grain and for greater reliability of supply. The emphasis of this thesis is on the opportunities and constraints to Prime Hard wheat production in South Australia. The environmental factors affecting wheat crops in South Australia are different to those in the traditional Prime Hard producing areas, with heat and moisture stress likely to be the most important climatic influences. Management practices such as the recent trends towards higher seeding densities could also be important (influencing main stem and tiller ratios). An experiment using controlled temperature and moisture conditions showed that main stems and tillers differed in their responses to post-anthesis heat and drought. A field experiment with moisture stress as the only treatment also showed differences in harvest parameters and grain quality between main stems and tillers. Grain produced from field plots at different plant densities showed significant differences in a number of quality measurements, the most important being 1000-grain weight and flour colour. Less screenings and higher 1000-grain weights were obtained from plots with higher seeding rates. However, flour from plots with higher seeding rates had slightly more yellow colour. When main stems and tillers from these plots were tested separately, using small-scale equipment, grain weight and flour colour also differed between main stems and tillers. Main stems produced larger grains than tillers, as expected, and tillers produced grains with yellower flour. The smaller grain size and yellower flour of the tillers is attributed to the higher degree of stress likely to be experienced by tillers, as they have later anthesis dates and are more likely to experience moisture, and/or heat stress at a critical stage of grain filling. Plants with more tillers, such as those grown in a low-density crop, have a later average anthesis date than an equivalent crop of higher seeding density, with more main stems. Therefore it is likely that increasing seeding density will give a shorter crop ripening period and a more uniform seed quality. However, care must be taken not to exceed the optimum plant population density. In conclusion, the experiments showed that tillers are more sensitive to conditions of moisture or heat stress than main stems, and that they make a measurable contribution to the quality of a wheat crop. Increasing the crop density decreased the proportion of tillers present, leading to a more uniform crop and less screenings at harvest. Increased competition in high-density crops may result in slightly more yellow flour, but dough and loaf quality were not affected.Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2004.
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Tonkin, Rebecca. "The influence of seeding density and environmental factors on grain quality of main stems and tillers of wheat in South Australia." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37928.
Full textAbstract:
Prime Hard wheat, a high protein hard wheat classification of the Australian Wheat Board, has traditionally been grown in Queensland and the northern areas of New South Wales. Recently there have been moves to extend this area into the more southern regions of the wheat belt, to expand production of this grain and for greater reliability of supply. The emphasis of this thesis is on the opportunities and constraints to Prime Hard wheat production in South Australia. The environmental factors affecting wheat crops in South Australia are different to those in the traditional Prime Hard producing areas, with heat and moisture stress likely to be the most important climatic influences. Management practices such as the recent trends towards higher seeding densities could also be important (influencing main stem and tiller ratios). An experiment using controlled temperature and moisture conditions showed that main stems and tillers differed in their responses to post-anthesis heat and drought. A field experiment with moisture stress as the only treatment also showed differences in harvest parameters and grain quality between main stems and tillers. Grain produced from field plots at different plant densities showed significant differences in a number of quality measurements, the most important being 1000-grain weight and flour colour. Less screenings and higher 1000-grain weights were obtained from plots with higher seeding rates. However, flour from plots with higher seeding rates had slightly more yellow colour. When main stems and tillers from these plots were tested separately, using small-scale equipment, grain weight and flour colour also differed between main stems and tillers. Main stems produced larger grains than tillers, as expected, and tillers produced grains with yellower flour. The smaller grain size and yellower flour of the tillers is attributed to the higher degree of stress likely to be experienced by tillers, as they have later anthesis dates and are more likely to experience moisture, and/or heat stress at a critical stage of grain filling. Plants with more tillers, such as those grown in a low-density crop, have a later average anthesis date than an equivalent crop of higher seeding density, with more main stems. Therefore it is likely that increasing seeding density will give a shorter crop ripening period and a more uniform seed quality. However, care must be taken not to exceed the optimum plant population density. In conclusion, the experiments showed that tillers are more sensitive to conditions of moisture or heat stress than main stems, and that they make a measurable contribution to the quality of a wheat crop. Increasing the crop density decreased the proportion of tillers present, leading to a more uniform crop and less screenings at harvest. Increased competition in high-density crops may result in slightly more yellow flour, but dough and loaf quality were not affected.Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2004.
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Lotfollahi, M. "The effect of subsoil mineral nitrogen on grain protein concentration of wheat / by Mohammad Lotfollahi." 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18896.
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Copy of author's previously published work inserted.Bibliography: leaves 147-189.
xxi, 189 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
This project examines the uptake of mineral N from the subsoil after anthesis and its effect on grain protein concentration (GPC) of wheat. The overall objective is to examine the importance of subsoil mineral N and to investigate the ability of wheat to take up N from the subsoil late in the season under different conditions of N supply and soil water availability. Greenhouse experiments investigate the importance of subsoil mineral N availability on GPC of wheat and the factors that contribute to the effective utilisation of N. The recovery of N from subsoil, the effect of split N application on GPC and short term N uptake by the wheat at different rooting densities are also studied.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Soil Science, 1997
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Luo, Qunying. "Assessment of the possible impacts of future atmospheric change on South Australian wheat production / Qunying Luo." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21978.
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"March 2003"Bibliography: leaves 195-209.
Systems requirements: IBM PC or compatible; CD-ROM drive.
x, 209, A4 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2003
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Mumford, Karen. "Wage determination and strike activity in the New South Wales coal industry : trade union and employer bargaining." Phd thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/131457.
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The New South Wales (NSW) coal industry has been one of the most strike torn industries in the world, with violent and bitter battles between trade union and employer. This thesis seeks a greater understanding of the determination of wages and strike activity in this industry.
The thesis is presented in two parts. Part one considers difficulties encountered when modelling the objectives of a trade union, and the outcome of bargaining between a trade union and firm. Part two applies models of the objectives of trade unions, and bargaining, to issues of wage determination, and strike activity in the NSW coal industry.
The process of wage determination in the NSW coal industry is investigated using the reduced form of Svejnar's (1986) model. The major prediction of Svejnar's model, that there is a positive relationship between the industry surplus and the industry wage, is strongly supported. The results are improved upon by adapting Svejnar's model. A first-order dynamic adjustment model is used to allow for a more complicated dynamic structure than that assumed in the theoretical model. Furthermore, by taking into account some of the aspects of the bi-sectoral (open cut and underground) structure of the coal industry and the heterogeneity of its labour force, Svejnar's model is generalised from its specific reduced form.
The thesis also provides a survey of the major, and more influential, models of strike activity. Some of these models are then applied to data from the NSW coal industry, resulting in three major conclusions: (i) with the exception of the Hayes' (1984) model, the theories considered do not provide acceptable explanations of strike activity in the NSW coal industry; (ii) there are common empirical relationships that are predicted by authors of very different theories; and (iii) there is a need to treat measures of strike activity as potentially different, rather than alternative, indicators of strike. An eclectic model of strikes is then developed. This eclectic model is based on Tracy's (1986) world-wise approach and was greatly influenced by: the theoretical survey of strike models; the empirical application of these models to the NSW coal industry; and familiarity with the NSW coal industry. Each of the different measures of strike activity is modelled using a common set of explanatory variables in an attempt to ascertain the commonality, or uniqueness, of the relationships determining strike activity.
The results suggested that the explanations for strike frequency, the size of strike, strike intensity, and the average duration of strikes are not the same. Indeed, the only variable which was found to have a significant effect on all four of these measures of strike activity is the level of market concentration in the NSW coal industry. (This variable also had the highest elasticity, at the sample mean, of all the significant variables in the regressions for strike frequency, average duration, or strike incidence in the NSW coal industry.) The explanation for this dominance of market concentration on the results is unclear. From both empirical and theoretical perspectives, there appears to be a need to consider the role of industrial relations more fully. Despite this common theme that runs through the regressions for strike frequency, average duration, and strike intensity, it should be stressed that each of these regressions also exhibits combinations of significant empirical relationships which are unique to itself. This result rejects the use of these measures of strike activity as simple alternatives for each other.
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Gomez-Macpherson, Helena. "Variation in phenology and its influence on growth, development and yield of dryland wheat." Phd thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142528.
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Chadwick, David Justin. "Hear the Lion Roar: Trade unionism at General Motors-Holden’s in South Australia, 1930-1980." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/130170.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the thesis is to investigate and bring to light the role that trade
unions played at Holden’s in South Australia. It argues that Holden’s relationship
with its main unions was one that was developed over many years and was of
mutual benefit. It does this by examining the development of Holden’s, the trade
union movement, the unions involved at Holden’s and the growth of secondary
industry in South Australia which facilitated the expansion of both. A series of
case studies explore industrial action and their outcomes. To further
demonstrate this uniqueness, comparisons will be made with General Motors
operations in Britain and the US. This thesis reframes the typical narrative of labour and business historiography in Australia. Rather than approaching the question through a
binary framework of labour versus business, it will analyse the role of Holden’s
and the unions through their relationship of mutual benefit. For many years
Holden’s was one of Australia’s largest and most profitable companies. From its
entry into building motor car bodies in 1917, the company embraced unionism
in its factories to improve industrial relations and ensure uninterrupted
production. While this goal was not always achieved, as is shown in this thesis,
strike activity was rare until a tumultuous period in the late 1960s and early
1970s that was paralleled throughout the world. However, for much of the time
under investigation Holden’s worked closely with its unions, providing better
wages and conditions than many other industries.
Drawing on previously unused primary source material, this thesis
explores an area of Australian history that has to date been overlooked. It argues
that the relationship between Holden’s and its unions was unique, long-lasting
and of mutual benefit.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 2020
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Elliott, Jane E. "The colonies clothed : a survey of consumer interests in New South Wales and Victoria, 1787-1887 / J. Elliott." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18785.
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Watson, Ian. "Class analysis and environmental politics : timber workers and conservationists in Northern New South Wales 1960-1986." Phd thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/131957.
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In this thesis I explore the conflicts which have arise between middle class' conservationists and working class timber communities. I examine the New South Wales rainforest controversy as a case study and seek to place the animosity and hostility which arose there within the context of class analysis. At the same time, I integrate other important dimensions of social life, particularly rural ideologies and ideologies of masculinity, into an overall analysis of class power. I show that important cultural divisions underlaid the political conflict, particularly differing conceptions of nature and history, and that these had their roots in different labour processes.
After introducing my theoretical framework, I provide an economic context for my cultural analysis by examining the restructuring of the north coast hardwood timber industry during the 1960s and 1970s. This is followed by two chapters which analyse the labour process in the timber industry. Here I explore both class struggles on the shop-floor and cultural productions which arise within the workplace and in rural communities. The subsequent chapters focus more closely on environmental politics. I analyse the New South Wales rainforest campaign by offering a critique of 'pluralist' political strategies and I then locate this campaign within a wider context by briefly overviewing the anti -uranium and green bans campaigns of the 1970s. One of my major conclusions is that environmental politics is flawed by the neglect by activists of the class effects of their political activities. Assessments of political campaigns solely in terms of ecological goals are seriously deficient because they fail to register how conservationists' actions facilitate capitalist strategies of industry restructuring and thereby further entrench capitalist class power.
Theoretically, my thesis is based on principles of 'realist' methodology and I use concepts drawn from labour process theory, class analysis, and the theory of ideology. The thesis is heavily weighted toward oral history material, gathered during field work interviews on the north coast of New South Wales. I analyse this material using 'popular memory' theory and other studies of working class culture. In so doing, the thesis provides timber workers with a voice in a debate which has largely been dominated by 'middle class' conservationists.
Politically, the thesis is an intervention into current debates about new social movements and their relationship to the left. I argue that an effective alliance between socialists and environmentalists entails a rejection of wilderness politics in favour of urban environmental issues.
I conclude that 'pluralist' political strategies of lobbying for state- conferred concessions should be rejected in favour of strategies which develop alternative economic programmes at local and regional levels.
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Magee, Karen. "Captain Sweet’s colonial imagination: the ideals of modernity in South Australian views photography 1866 - 1886." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/92551.
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Captain Samuel Sweet worked as an outdoor photographer in South Australia (including the Northern Territory) between 1866 and 1886. In Australian public libraries, museums and archives his photographs are consulted as objective visual documents. Their more recent appearance in public art galleries ascribes to them the status of art, obscuring the fact that Sweet was a commercial photographer whose subjects and style were directed by the colonial market. This thesis documents the extent and nature of Sweet’s oeuvre, and examines his photographs within the original context of their creation, including Sweet’s photography business, photographic practices, the photography market, the man himself and the colonial context in which (and for which) his photographs were created. It analyses his photographs as both images and as material objects, utilising scientific testing. It argues that, as a commercial photographer, an Englishman and a colonist participating in the creation of a new world, Sweet did not photograph colonial South Australia, but rather the ideal that was being sought in its creation. It identifies Sweet’s as the largest visual record of the South Australian colonial process and boom-time, and pinpoints the pitfalls awaiting researchers and viewers who mistake his photographs as simple objective documents or aesthetic objects. It argues that if we are to make better use of Sweet’s photographs today – as art objects or research sources – we must first understand them within the full context of their creation. It concludes that Sweet’s photographs mapped an ideal of modernity, rather than reality, onto photographic paper, and that when his work is approached from this perspective, we not only achieve a deeper insight into his work, but also into the world he was picturing.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, 2015
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Sheen, Seongho. "Trade, technology and security U.S. bilateral export-control negotiations with South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Australia /." 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/53474812.html.
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