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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Wheat South Australia Growth'
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1
Zubaidi, Akhmad. "Growth and yield of durum and bread wheat." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09az93.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 148-160. A series of experiments was conducted to examine the growth and nutrient uptake of durum and bread wheat at a number of sites in South Australia. The experiments examined response to water stress, the pattern of root and shoot growth, soil water extraction and nutrient uptake among a range of adapted bread wheat and durum wheat cultivars.
2
Holloway, Robert E. "Factors affecting the growth of wheat roots in the subsoils of upper Eyre Peninsula, South Australia /." Adelaide : University of Adelaide, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ah745.pdf.
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Kitchen, Julie Louise. "Nutrition and nutrional value of wheat grown in organic and conventional farming systems in South Australia." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk618.pdf.
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Brooks, Brenton James. "Breeding durum wheat for South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb8731.pdf.
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Lotfollahi, Mohammad. "The effect of subsoil mineral nitrogen on grain protein concentration of wheat." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl882.pdf.
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Copy of author's previously published work inserted. Bibliography: leaves 147-189. This project examines the uptake of mineral N from the subsoil after anthesis and its effect on grain protein concentration (GPC) of wheat. The overall objective is to examine the importance of subsoil mineral N and to investigate the ability of wheat to take up N from the subsoil late in the season under different conditions of N supply and soil water availability. Greenhouse experiments investigate the importance of subsoil mineral N availability on GPC of wheat and the factors that contribute to the effective utilisation of N. The recovery of N from subsoil, the effect of split N application on GPC and short term N uptake by the wheat at different rooting densities are also studied.
6
Sloane, David. "Early vigour : its role in enhancing the productivity of wheat grown in South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AFP/09afps634.pdf.
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Moussavi-Nik, Mohsen. "Seed quality and crop establishment in wheat." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm933.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 247-268. A series of laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate aspects of seed quality in a range of bread wheat genotypes important in South Australia as well as a durum cultivar, Yallaroi. It was concluded that sound healthy seed does vary in quality and this affects seedling vigour, crop establishment and grain yield. Seed source can affect genotype performance in evaluation trials. There is genetic variability for embryo size, coleoptile length, nutrient efficiency and nutrient loading in to the seed which can be exploited by breeders. Agronomically, seed quality can be improved by managing seed crops to aid accumulation of mineral nutrients in the seed and then selecting, by grading, only large seed for sowing.
8
Taheri, Abdolhossein. "Interaction between root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus, and root-rotting fungi of wheat." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht128.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 307-329. This study concludes that in soils in South Australia where root-rotting fungi and P. neglectus exist together, root disease of wheat is caused by their combined effect. Evidence suggests that P. neglectus not only contributes to this interaction through mechanical wounding of roots, but also causes biochemical and physiological changes in plants, making them more prone to fungal infection.
9
Whittle, P. J. L. "Studies on common root rot and Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat and barley in South Australia /." Adelaide : Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Departments of Crop Protection and Plant Science, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw6274.pdf.
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Nicol, Julie. "The distribution, pathogenicity and population dynamics of Pratylenchus thornei on wheat in South Australia." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn634.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 224-236. The study aimed to determine the distribution of both P. thornei and P. neglectus in South Australia. Also to study the field and laboratory population dynamics of P. thornei in relation to wheat yields, to determine its host range on a variety of cereal and non-leguminous hosts and to identify possible sources of nematode resistant wheat cultivars/varieties. Preliminary experiments studied the involvement of root rotting fungi with the nematode in wheat disease.
11
Norrish, Shane A., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Environment and Agriculture. "Soil and water interactions controlling wheat crop response to phosphorus fertiliser in north-western New South Wales." THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Norrish_S.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/613.
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This thesis examines the response to P fertiliser by wheat crops growing in the vertosol soils of the low rainfall areas of the northern grain zone of eastern Australia. Farmers in this region depend on water accumulated from rainfall over a fallow period and stored in the subsoil to increase wheat grain yield beyond that normally achievable from in-crop rainfall and to decrease the production risks due to rainfall variability. The large variability in stored water, seasonal rainfall and subsoil properties result in extremely varied yield and yield responses to P fertiliser between seasons and between sites. Finally, as a practical guide to predicting wheat response to P fertilizer: 1/. current sampling strategies of determining P only in the surface 10 cm appear to be adequate for soils with bicarbonate P concentrations greater than 15 mg/kg. 2/. For soils with lower concentrations in the surface, sampling of 80 cm is recommended. Crops with a mean concentration of bicarbonate P greater than 7 mg/kg between 10 - 80 cm are unlikely to respond to P fertiliser. 3/. No increase in profitable grain yield response was found for fertiliser applications greater than 10 kg P/ha.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
12
Baldwin, B. J. "Factors affecting the growth of Vicia faba in South Australia /." Title page, summary and contents only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ab181.pdf.
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Dore, David William Biological Earth & Environmental Sciences (BEES) UNSW. "Application of simple physiological growth models to coastal eucalypt regrowth forests in New South Wales." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES), 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26200.
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This thesis explores issues relating to the application of physiological-process models (???process models???) of forest growth to mixed species, mixed age forests, in particular the coastal blackbutt forests of New South Wales. Using a dataset provided by State Forests of New South Wales (Carter 1994 unpubl.) a numeric description of the forest was developed and stand-level parameters of interest were derived, in particular the plot by plot stemwood volume growth from 1975 to 1999. The amounts of harvested volume, volume that died and volume that grew into the measurement population were identified separately, and several different means of accounting for volume change over time were investigated. A method for quantifying the impact of harvesting and other silvicultural practices on the growth of the forest was developed and programs were written to convert the stand-level summary of the harvest impact into a semi-random selection of trees that would be ???harvested??? from the database under the set of silvicultural assumptions (Dore et al. 1999). A number of process models were investigated and reviewed before selecting one particular model, SUSTAIN (Dewar 1997) for adaption to these forests. This model is a relatively simple process model with a small number of input parameters. The model was adapted so that it could be used to compare the SUSTAIN estimate of growth with the growth of an individual stand of trees in the Kendall Forest Management Area, between Wauchope and Taree on the mid-north coast of NSW. To improve the accuracy of the prediction of growth by SUSTAIN, a method of re-setting the state of the stand to the actual condition at the time of remeasurement was developed. In addition, the SUSTAIN model was extended to enable two separate levels of canopy to be described and grown separately. Ultimately the model was only partially successful in mirroring the growth predicted by the empirical data. Its partial success is attributed primarily to the difficulties associated with correctly determining the allocation parameters used by the model to assign net photosynthate to the roots, foliage and stemwood. The nature of the change in allocation parameters when the forest stand is disturbed by harvest or fire needs further investigation.
14
Round, Kerrie. "Celebrating the past : the growth of amateur history in South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr859.pdf.
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Whittle, Peter James Latimer. "Studies on common root rot and Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat and barley in South Australia." Adelaide Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Departments of Crop Protection and Plant Science, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21645.
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201p.Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Depts. of Crop Protection and Plant Science 1992
16
Jahansooz, Mohammad Reza. "Wheat-chickpea yield performance, competition and resource use in intercropping, under rainfed conditions of South Australia." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AFP/09afpj25.pdf.
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Bibliography: p. 203-222. The aim of this thesis was to quantify yield performance, competition effects and the capture and utilisation of resources of some important winter cereals and legumes as intercrops.
17
Saberi, Hossein Khabaz. "Manganese efficiency in durum wheat (Triticum targidum L. var durum)." Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09APSP/09apsps115.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 203-212. This study investigated the genetic diversity for tolerance of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) to micronutrient deficient soils with an emphasis on manganese. 69 genotypes were studied under field conditions at Marion Bay (Lower Eyre Peninsula) and Coonalpyn. Durum genotypes, notably Stojocri, were identified as having higher tolerance than commerical durum varieties.
18
Vanstone, Vivien Alison. "The role of fungi and the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus, in damaging wheat roots in South Australia." Title page, summary and contents only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phv281.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 265-296). Pathogens associated with root damage were investigated in the Murray Mallee region of South Australia over the 1987-1989 growing seasons. Occurence of fungal species and the root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus neglectus) was assessed, and related to the appearance and severity of symptoms on the roots. Field experiments were supplemented with innoculation tests in the glasshouse and laboratory.
19
McLaughlin, Michael John. "Phosphorus cycling in soil under wheat-pasture rotations /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm1615.pdf.
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Ritson, Peter. "Growth, yield and carbon sequestration of pinus pinaster established on farmland in south-western Australia /." Connect to thesis, 2004. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001319.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, School of Forest and Ecosystem Science,Institute of Land and Food Resources, 2005.Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 253-263).
21
Weggler-Beaton, Karin M. "The beneficial and detrimental effects of sewage sludge applications in South Australia." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw4113.pdf.
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De, Barro Paul Joseph. "Ecology of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the low rainfall wheat belt of South Australia." Adelaide Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Waite Institute, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21616.
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1 v.Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Crop Protection, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, 1992
23
Wiese, Jacobus Daniel. "The effect of crop rotation and tillage practice on soil moisture, nitrogen mineralisation, growth, development, yield and quality of wheat produced in the Swartland area of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80027.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was done during 2010 and 2011 as a component study within a long-term crop rotation/soil tillage trial that was started in 2007 at the Langgewens Research Farm near Moorreesburg in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of crop rotation and soil tillage on the soil moisture content, mineral-N levels of the soil, leaf area index, chlorophyll content of the flag leaf, biomass production, grain yield and grain quality of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L). The experimental layout was a randomised complete block design with a split-plot treatment design replicated four times. Wheat monoculture (WWWW), lupin-wheatcanola- wheat (LWCW) and wheat-medic (McWMcW) crop rotation systems were included in this study and allocated to main plots. This study was confined to wheat after medic/clover, wheat after canola and wheat monoculture. Each main plot was subdivided into four sub-plots allocated to four tillage treatments namely: Zero-till (ZT) – soil left undisturbed until planting with a star-wheel planter No-till (NT) – soil left undisturbed until planting and then planted with a no-till planter Minimum-till (MT) – soil scarified March/April and then planted with a no-till planter Conventional-till (CT) – soil scarified March/April, then ploughed and planted with a no-till planter. Soil samples were collected every two weeks from just before planting until before harvest, from which gravimetric soil moisture and total mineral-N (NO3--N and NH4+-N) were determined. Plant samples were collected every four weeks until anthesis, starting four weeks after emergence. From these leaf area index and dry-matter production were determined. Chlorophyll content and light interception were measured at anthesis. At the end of the growing season the total biomass, grain yield and grain quality was determined. Crop rotations which included medics (McWMcW) or canola/lupins (LWCW) led to higher mineral-N content of the soil at the start of the 2011 growing season when compared to wheat monoculture, but did not have an effect on soil moisture. Conservation tillage (minimum- and no-till) practices resulted in higher soil moisture whilst conventional-till resulted in the highest mineral-N content for 2010. There was however no differences in mineral-N content between tillage methods for 2011, whilst soil moisture content was affected in the same way as the previous year. Both crop rotation and tillage influenced crop development and biomass production. In general, increased soil disturbance together with wheat after medics and wheat after canola resulted in better development of the wheat crop with regards to dry matter production and leaf area index. The positive effect of medic and canola rotations was also evident on chlorophyll content and light interception. Grain yield was positively influenced by wheat after medics and wheat after canola, with both systems out-yielding wheat monoculture in 2010 and 2011. Minimum- and no-till resulted in the highest grain yield in both years. Crop rotation and tillage practice showed no clear trends with regards to grain quality. This illustrated the important effect of environmental conditions during grain-filling. Environmental factors such as rainfall and temperature had significant effects in both years of the study, but the importance and advantages of crop rotation, especially with a legume crop such as medics included, was evident even though this component study was done early in terms of the long-term study. The positive effect of implementing conservation tillage practices such as minimum- and no-till were also clearly shown in results obtained throughout this experiment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie is gedurende 2010 en 2011 uitgevoer as ‘n deelstudie van ‘n langtermyn grondbewerking- en wisselbouproef op die Langgewens proefplaas naby Moorreesburg in die Wes-Kaap Provinsie van Suid-Afrika. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die effek van grondbewerking en wisselbou op grondvog, minerale stikstof in die grond, blaaroppervlakindeks, chlorofilinhoud van die blare, graanopbrengs en -kwaliteit van lente koring (Triticum aestivum L) te kwantifiseer. Die eksperiment is uitgelê as ‘n volledig lukrake blokontwerp met ‘n verdeelde perseel ontwerp met vier herhalings. Wisselboustelsels wat aan hoofpersele toegeken is sluit koring monokultuur (WWWW), lupien-koring-kanola-koring (LWCW) en medic-koring (McWMcW) in. Grondbewerking is toegeken aan subpersele. Die grondbewerkingsbehandelings het ingeslui: Zero-bewerking (ZT) – die grond is onversteurd gelaat en koring is met ‘n sterwielplanter geplant, Geen-bewerking (NT) – die grond is onversteur gelaat tot en met planttyd waar koring met ‘n geenbewerking (no-till) planter geplant is, Minimum-bewerking (MT) – die grond is in Maart/April met ‘n tandimplement bewerk en met ‘n geen-bewerking planter geplant, Konvensionele-bewerking (CT) – die grond is in Maart/April met ‘n tandimplement bewerk die grond is in Maar/April geploeg met ‘n skaarploeg en met ‘n geenbewerking planter geplant. Grondmonsters is elke twee weke versamel van net voor plant tot net voor oes. Vanaf die versamelde monsters is die grondwaterinhoud grawimetries bepaal en ook die totale minerale stikstofinhoud (NO3--N en NH4+-N). Plantmonsters is vierweekliks versamel beginnende vier weke na opkoms tot en met antese. Blaaroppervlakindeks en biomassaproduksie is bepaal. Die chlorofilinhoud en ligonderskepping is tydens antese bepaal. Aan die einde van die groeiseisoen is totale biomassa, graan opbrengs asook graankwaliteit bepaal. Wisselboustelsels, wat medics (McWMcW) of kanola/lupine (LWCW) ingesluit het, het ‘n hoër minerale stikstofinhoud aan die begin van die 2011 groeiseisoen getoon. Wisselbou het egter geen effek op grondvog gehad nie. Minimum- en geenbewerking het ‘n hoër grondvoginhoud tot gevolg gehad, terwyl die persele onder konvensionele bewerking ‘n hoër minerale stikstof inhoud gehad het in 2010. In 2011 was daar geen verskille in die minerale stikstofinhoud tussen verskillende die bewerkingsmetodes nie en grondvog gedurende 2011 is op dieselfde wyse as in 2010 beïnvloed. Beide wisselbou en bewerkingsmetode het ‘n invloed gehad op gewasontwikkeling en biomassaproduksie. Die algemene tendens was dat, soos grondversteuring toegeneem het in die koring na medics en koring na kanola, het beter gewasontwikkeling plaasgeving met betrekking tot droëmassaproduksie en blaaroppervlakindeks. Die positiewe effek van wisselbou is ook waargeneem in die chlorofilinhoud van die blare en die ligonderskeppingspotensiaal van die blaredak. Graanopbrengs is positief beïnvloed deur die wisselboustelsel, met beide koring na medics en koring na kanola wat hoër graanopbrengste as koring monokultuur vir beide jare gelewer het. Die hoogste graanobrengs is ook gekry onder die minimumen geen-bewerkingsbehandelings vir 2010 en 2011. Wisselbou en bewerkingsmetodes het geen duidelike invloed op koringkwaliteit gehad nie. Dit is ‘n weerspieëling van die belangrike invloed van omgewingsfaktore gedurende die korrelvulstadium van koring. Omgewingsfaktore soos reënval en temperatuur het betekenisvolle effekte in beide jare van die studie gehad, maar die belang van ‘n wisselbou wat ‘n stikstofbinder soos medics insluit, was reeds in hierdie vroeë stadiums van die langtermynproef opvallend. Die positiewe effek van minimum- en geen-bewerking was ook duidelik sigbaar gedurende die verloop van die studie.
The Western Cape Agricultural Trust for the opportunity and the finances to do this study
24
Derafshi, Mohammadali H. "The effect of depth of placement of phosphorus fertiliser on the growth and development of field peas." Title page, contents and anstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd427.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 190-212. This thesis reports on the results of 3 glasshouse and 3 field experiments. The glasshouse experiments measure the effects of depth of placement and level of phosphorus (P) on the growth of field peas (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alma). The results of all the experiments suggest that placing P fertiliser 4-5 cm below the seed of field pea crops will be beneficial in terms of nodulation, P uptake, grain yield and grain P concentration.
25
Sawyer, Wayne, University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and School of Education and Early Childhood Studies. "Simply growth? : a study of selected episodes in the history of Years 7-10 English in New South Wales." THESIS_CAESS_EEC_Sawyer_W.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/379.
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Calls for increased attention to subject-specific histories have been somewhat insistent in the last two decades. An important emphasis in these calls has been for attention to the history of the 'preactive curriculum' as represented, for example, in Syllabus documents. English has been a particular case in these arguments- a case which often revolves around defining the subject itself. Others have argued further that subject-specific history is usually centred in detailed local, historical studies of the recent past. In attempting to address these issues, this study sets out to answer the questions: 1/. How was Years 7-10 English defined from the early 1970s to the early 1990s in NSW? 2/. What was the relationship between the concepts 'English' and 'literacy' in NSW in the given period? The study focuses specifically on constructions of English in Syllabus documents, professional journals, textbooks and examinations. The particular methodology used to address the study questions is an in-depth study of two selected years during, viz. 1977 and 1992, accompanied by detailed discussion of contextual aspects of these years.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
26
Vilizzi, Lorenzo. "Age, growth and early life history of Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in the River Murray, South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and synopsis only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phv711.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Zoology, 1998?Addendum and erratum pasted onto back fly leaf. Copy of author's previously published work inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-215).
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Pearse, Stuart James. "Carboxylates in the rhizosphere of canola, wheat, lupins and pulses : their role in P acquisition from sparingly soluble forms." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0069.
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[Truncated abstract] Native Australian soils contain very low amounts of phosphorus. The soils of southwestern Australia are ancient and highly weathered. Consequently, the availability of phosphorus in these soils is too low for cropping purposes, so the application of P is necessary to maintain productivity. When P is applied to soil, typically as soluble superphosphate, it tends to be transformed to increasingly less soluble forms over time. Sparingly soluble forms of soil P are relatively inaccessible to Triticum aestivum; however, many grain legumes have a higher P-acquisition efficiency, allowing them to access pools of soil P that T. aestivum cannot. The P-acquisition efficiency of some grain legumes has been attributed in part to their ability to release large quantities of carboxylates, coupled with the development of cluster roots for species such as Lupinus albus. There are a number of unexplained observations in terms of the P-acquisition efficiency of grain legume species and the way that those species respond to P fertilisation. This PhD project aimed to study carboxylate release from a range of crop species, and investigate its role in variation among species for acquisition of phosphorus from sparingly soluble forms (chapter 1). ... L. albus (chapter 5). There was considerable variation in P acquisition among accessions. The variation cannot be attributed to differences in carboxylate release, cluster-root development or whole root system rhizosphere extract pH as measured in this study. We hypothesise that the variation might be attributed to differences in the ratio of release of protons and other cations localised around cluster roots. In conclusion studies of carboxylate exudation and sparingly soluble forms should use more than a single form if the aim is to draw generalised conclusions on P-uptake efficiency from sparingly soluble forms. Comparative studies of a range of species are a useful tool for enhancing our understanding of root physiology. While the benefit of carboxylates for providing access to poorly soluble P has been demonstrated, questions remain as to potential other roles for carboxylates, particularly in species that do not form cluster roots. Variation in P uptake among accessions of L. albus is present, and more work on proton release and ion balance of root clusters is necessary to understand intraspecific variation.
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Tonkin, Rebecca Elizabeth. "The influence of seeding density and environmental factors on grain quality of main stems and tillers of wheat in South Australia (with special reference to prime hard quality wheat) : a thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht6654.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Discipline of Soil and Land Systems, 2004."November 2004" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-189). Also available online.
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Stewart, Kathryn. "High temperature felsic volcanism and the role of mantle magmas in proterozoic crustal growth : the Gawler Range volcanic province /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs8488.pdf.
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Rayner, Gerard Michael 1958. "Comparative ecology of four Pittosporum species from contrasting rainfall regimes in south-eastern Australia." Monash University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5625.
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Biddulph, Thomas Benjamin. "Mechanisms of dormancy, preharvest sprouting tolerance and how they are influenced by the environment during grain filling and maturation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0168.
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[Truncated abstract] Wheat is the main crop in Australia and there are stringent quality requirements. Preharvest sprouting induced by rainfall between maturity and harvest lowers grain quality from premium to feed grades and reduces yield. Wheat production has expanded into the southern Western Australian region where preharvest sprouting occurs in ~1 in 4 seasons and development of more preharvest sprouting tolerant genotypes is required. The main mechanism for improving preharvest sprouting tolerance is grain dormancy. There is genetic variation for dormancy based in the embryo and seed coat but dormancy is complex and is influenced by environmental conditions during grain filling and maturation. Screening and selecting for preharvest sprouting tolerance is problematic and the level of tolerance needed for regions which differ in the level of dormancy they impose, requires clarification. The research presented here aims to answer the underlying question for breeders of how much dormancy is required for preharvest sprouting tolerance in contrasting target environments of the central and coastal wheat belt regions of Western Australia. In the central and coastal wheat belt regions, field trials with modified environments were used to determine the environmental influence on dormancy. Water supply (without directly wetting the grain) and air temperature were modified during grain development in a range of genotypes with different mechanisms of dormancy to determine the influence of environment on dormancy. ... Genotypes with embryo dormancy were consistently the most preharvest sprouting tolerant, even though this dormancy was influenced by the environmental conditions in the different seasons. Pyramiding the embryo component with the specific seed coat component and/or awnless head trait removed some of the environmental variation in preharvest sprouting tolerance, but this was generally considered excessive to the environmental requirements. The methods developed here, of field imposed stresses may provide a valuable tool to further understand the influence of environment on the regulation of dormancy, as different phenotypes can be made with the same genotype. Moisture stress, sudden changes in water supply or high temperatures during the late dough stages influenced dormancy phenotype and should be considered and avoided if possible when selecting locations and running trials for screening for genetic differences in preharvest sprouting tolerance. In the Western Australian context, the embryo component of dormancy appeared to be sufficient and should be adopted as the most important trait for breeding for preharvest sprouting tolerance.
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Pretorius, Theresa. "Efficacy of rhizobacteria for growth promotion and biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani on wheat in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31229.
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Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are found in the rhizosphere and directly
contribute to nutrient availability and plant growth. Due to the global move away form reliance
on chemical fertilisers and crop protection products, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
(PGPR) and their application for improving crop production is receiving much attention. In the
current work the selected PGPR isolates from the University of Pretoria PGPR Culture
Collection were evaluated on wheat seedlings for their ability to promote seedling growth and
control of selected root diseases.
The ability of the PGPR to control root and crown rot of wheat caused by Fusarium
oxysporum, F. graminearum and Rhizoctonia solani was evaluated in greenhouse pot trials.
In addition the seedling tray assay was also evaluated as a means to screen PGPR for
biocontrol. Under the test conditions, the seedling tray assay was unsuccessful as a method
to screen the PGPR for biocontrol of wheat root pathogens. In the greenhouse pot trials
several isolates were able to improve the growth of wheat seedlings cultivated in pathogen
inoculated soil.
For growth promotion the bacterial isolates were assessed in greenhouse trials. Following
initial selection trials further analyses were conducted with selected isolates to determine
what effect the PGPR inoculum dose and fertiliser application has on growth promotion
efficacy. The isolates T06, T07, T11, T13, T19, T21, T23 and T24 were most effective in
promoting the growth of wheat seedlings in the greenhouse. The dose response and fertiliser
trials indicated that these factors do affect isolate activity.
To facilitate understanding of the isolates and their activities, the isolates that performed well
in the greenhouse were identified through 16S rRNA sequence data and selected modes of
action determined. The isolates were predominantly Bacilli, from the genera Bacillus,
Lysinibacillus and Paenibacillus. In vitro assessments revealed that the isolates have a wide
spectrum of activity, including phosphate solubilisation, indole acetic acid production, growth
in nitrogen free media, inhibition of pathogens in dual culture, chitinase production and
siderophore production.
A selection protocol was developed to assist with the selection of the best isolates. Based on
ratings given for the greenhouse and in vitro assay the top performing isolate were selected.
Spider diagrams were then constructed to visually represent each isolate’s performance. The
following best performing isolates were selected as a) T10 (Bacillus cereus) for control of R.
solani, b) T28 (Bacillus cereus) for control of F. oxysporum, c) T31 (Bacillus cereus) for
control of F. graminearum, d) T13 (Bacillus sp. / Bacillus pumilus) for growth promotion of
wheat and e) T29 (Paenibacillus alvei) as the most versatile isolate.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
MSc
Unrestricted
33
Jenkins, Sommer. "Ecophysiological principles governing the zonation of puccinellia (Puccinellia ciliata) and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) on saline waterlogged land in south-western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0133.
Full textAbstract:
Puccinellia (puccinellia ciliata) and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) often show ecological zonation in saline landscapes, with puccinellia occurring in less elevated more saline/waterlogged locations, and tall wheatgrass occurring in more elevated less saline/waterlogged locations. The aims of this study were to: (a) characterize the observed ecological zonation at a field site, (b) quantify the effects of variables likely to explain growth differences of the two plants in glasshouse experiments, and (c) identify and compare anatomical and physiological mechanisms that explain these zonation patterns. At an experiment in the field near Kojonup (0522824E, 6244579N), puccinellia was found to colonise the lower more severely salinised and waterlogged zones of the landscape, with tall wheatgrass occupying the higher less affected zones. These differences in zonation were clearly associated with variance in soil salinity and water-table depth. Glasshouse experiments in soil revealed that low pH values, low calcium concentrations and variation in salinity alone did not explain the ecological zonation observed in the field. However, there was a substantial difference in the responses of the two plant species to waterlogging in combination with salinity. Puccinellia grew better under saline waterlogged conditions than tall wheatgrass, which was associated with better regulation of Na+ and K+ under saline/waterlogged conditions than in tall wheatgrass. Under non-saline conditions, waterlogging (hypoxia) decreased shoot weights in puccinellia by 15% and in tall wheatgrass by 20%. Similar growth results were obtained in nutrient solution culture, where waterlogging was simulated by lowering the oxygen in solutions through bubbling with N2 gas. Under saline hypoxic conditions, puccinellia, compared to tall wheatgrass, showed increased growth and maintenance of selectivity of K+ over Na+ across adventitious roots. Solution experiments revealed adaptive traits responsible for conveying better growth and ion maintenance present in puccinellia, but not tall wheatgrass, such as inducement of a barrier to radial oxygen loss in the basal regions of adventitious roots (not previously reported in the literature for puccinellia), formation of root aerenchyma and packing of cortical cells and suberin deposition in hypodermal and endodermal root cell layers. These results should assist in targeting pasture species, and predicting their growth response, in saline and waterlogged landscapes. Further work on examining the genetic material of puccinellia is warranted in order to identify genes that could be transferred into crop plants to convey salt and waterlogging tolerance.
34
Benton, Rachel Yvette. "A petrological, geochemical and isotopic investigation of granitoids from the Olary Province of South Australia : implications for proterozoic crustal growth /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09S.B/09s.bb4782.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (B. Sc.(Hons.))--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 1995.National Grid Reference (SI 54-2) 1:250 000. Two folded maps in pocket inside back cover. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-68).
35
Wu, Jiale. "Environmental factors affecting the survival and growth of western king prawn, Penaeus latisulcatus, under aquaculture conditions in Spencer Gulf, South Australia." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envw959.pdf.
Full text
36
Worth, David John. "Reconciliation in the forest? : an exploration of the conflict over the logging of native forests in the south west of Western Australia." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040804.161830.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past 30 years in Western Australia (WA), there has been a heated debate about the future use of the remaining temperate old-growth forests of karri and jarrah in the south-west of the State. This debate revolved around policy proposals from two social movements: one social movement wanted to preserve as much of the remaining old-growth forests as possible, and an opposing social movement supported a continued sustainable logging of the forests for hardwood products. This research project undertook a comparative case study analysis of Australia (TCA) on the pro-logging side and Liberals For Forests (LFF) on the anti-logging side. It drew on a macro-level European theoretical approach (New Social Movement theory) and a US organizational approach (Resource Mobilisation Theory). The study also investigated the extent to which these two social movement organisations (SMOs) had been effective in
Over the past 30 years in Western Australia (WA), there has been a heated debate about the future use of the remaining temperate old-growth forests of karri and jarrah in the south-west of the State. This debate revolved around policy proposals from two social movements: one social movement wanted to preserve as much of the remaining old-growth forests as possible, and an opposing social movement supported a continued sustainable logging of the forests for hardwood products. This research project undertook a comparative case study
analysis of one WA organisation from each of these two social movements- Timber Communities Australia (TCA) on the pro-logging side and Liberals For Forests (LFF) on the anti-logging side. It drew on a macro-level European theoretical approach (New Social Movement theory) and a US organizational approach (Resource Mobilisation Theory). The study also investigated the extent to which these two social movement organisations (SMOs) had been effective in influencing the development of State forest policy. For this purpose Schumakers (1975) framework for judging the political effectiveness of social movements was used. The key research problem investigated in this thesis is why these two SMOs continued to debate the forest policy issue after more than 30 years of public controversy?
Interviews with a key range of stakeholders were the key research method of this study. Additionally, an investigation into important economic and social changes in the south west was undertaken using census and other data between 1971 and 2001 and this was supported by an historical analysis of the timber industry in WAs south west. Finally, a 3-year study of the reporting of forest issues by two local and one national newspaper was completed. The 1998-2000 period was chosen for the newspaper analysis as this was when the new Regional Forest Agreement was being finalised.
This research shows that new values toward the old-growth forests developed among the WA public over the past 30 years and this has created an unbridgeable policy gap between those such as the TCA who wanted the past policies to continue and those such as the LFF who wanted to preserve the remaining native forests. ABS data confirm that the south-west region of WA changed dramatically between 1970 and 2000 as the wine and tourism industries developed and that these changes were different to those occurring in the other wine regions and non-city areas of Australia. As the population increased in this region, a key segment attracted by these new employment opportunities were middle class, well-educated people with new values toward the natural environment.
The interview and newspaper article data clearly showed that the debate in WA in the late 1990s over the proposed RFA provided a new political opportunity for the anti-logging movement to raise their concerns and to establish a renewed public debate about the appropriateness of the WA forest policies. This came at a time when the traditional policy power of the timber industry stakeholders and the government department in charge of the forests (Conservation And Land Management) had been dramatically diminished. The combination of these factors led to the election of the new ALP government and the introduction of a new, non-logging policy for WAs old-growth native forests.
37
Sarre, G. A. "Age compositions, growth rates, reproductive biology and diets of the black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri in four estuaries and a coastal saline lake in south-western Australia." Murdoch University, 1999. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060818.135836.
Full textAbstract:
The aims of the studies undertaken for this thesis on the black bream
Acanthopagrus butcheri, a species which is confined to estuaries, were to determine the
following. (1) The age compositions, growth rates, reproductive biology and diets of the
populations of this species in four different estuaries (Swan River, Moore River,
NomaluplWalpole and Wellstead estuaries) and a landlocked saline lake (Lake Clifton)
and (2) the seasonal and regional distributions of this species within one estuary (Swan
River Estuary). Acanthopagrus butcheri were collected at regular intervals from
nearshore, shallow (< 2 m) and offshore, deeper (> 2.5 m) waters of the permanently open
Swan River Estuary and intermittently open Moore River Estuary on the lower west coast
of Australia and from the permanently open Nomalup/Walpole Estuary and normally
closed Wellstead Estuary on the southern coast of Western Australia. One hundred
A. butcheri were also obtained from a landlocked, coastal saline lake (Lake Clifton), 90 km
south of the Swan River Estuary. Sampling employed seine nets, composite gill nets and
rod and line.
In the Swan River Estuary, black bream typically occur in the saline reaches of the
tributary rivers which constitute the upper estuary. However, during heavy freshwater
discharge in winter, many individuals are swept downstream into the basins that constitute
the middle estuary. These fish migrate back into the upper estuary in spring and the larger
fish spawn in this region between the middle of spring and early summer. Although
smaller fish tend to remain in the upper estuary during summer as salinities increase, the
larger fish migrate further upstream where salinities are lower. The salinities in which
A. butcheri spawned in the different systems ranged from as low as 5.5 - 6.8 %CJin the
Moore River Estuary to as high as 40.7 - 45.2 %O in the Wellstead Estuary.
The use of marginal increment analyses demonstrated that the opaque zones
revealed in otoliths by sectioning are formed annually and could thus be used for ageing
individual fish and that the opaque zones visible in whole otoliths prior to sectioning could
be used for ageing fish up to six years old. The number of annuli on scales did not
provide a reliable estimate of age. The structure of the age compositions in the four
estuaries varied, presumably reflecting differences in fishing pressure and, in one case, the
lack of recruitment in some years. The growth rates of A. butcheri in the four estuaries
and landlocked lake differed, which is probably related to variations in one or more of the
following; water temperature, density of fish, salinity and the type of food available.
The monthly trends exhibited by gonadosomatic indices and the prevalence of
different gonadal maturity stages and mature oocytes demonstrate that spawning typically
occurs in spring and early summer. The frequent occurrence of yolk vesicle, yolk granule
oocytes and post-ovulatory follicles in the ovaries of some mature fish provides strong
circumstantial evidence that A. butcheri is a multiple spawner, i.e. spawns more than once
during each breeding season. Estimates of the minimum total fecundity ranged between
9.07 x lo4 and 7.09 x lo6, with a mean of 1.58 x lo6. Variations amongst the lengths and
ages at first maturity in three of the estuarine populations of A. butcheri could apparently
be attributed to the influence of variations in growth rate.
Female and male Acanthopagrus butcheri both possess an ovotestis, a feature
characteristic of the Sparidae. There is strong circumstantial evidence that, once a member
of this species reaches maturity, it can be considered a rudimentary hermaphrodite, i.e. it
possesses either functional ovaries and far smaller and immature testes or functional testes
and immature ovaries of variable size. There was no evidence that this species undergoes
either a protogynous or protandrous sex change.
Acanthopagrus butcheri can consume various benthic and epibenthic prey,
including crustaceans, polychaetes, molluscs and teleosts, and can also ingest considerable
volumes of algae. However, the dietary compositions of A. butcheri in the four estuaries
and Lake Clifton differed markedly, whch, together with information on the biota in those
systems, indicate that A. butcheri feeds on those prey items that are most abundant in their
environment. Yet, there is also evidence that, in any given system, A. butcheri will focus on
a particular prey, even when other prey, which are regularly consumed in considerable
volume in other systems, are abundant. The dietary compositions of A. butcheri in each
estuary underwent ontogenetic changes, which would reduce the potential for intraspecific
competition for food resources.
38
Sacranie, Sattar Farouk. "An investigation on the effect of Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov) population growth and feeding damage on selected barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars under ambient and elevated CO2." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/50311.
Full textAbstract:
The Russian wheat aphid (RWA) (Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov) is a major pest of cultivated small grains. It is particularly devastating because of is high reproductive rate which results in the growth of large populations which become damaging to its host plants. Development of resistant barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars is complicated as resistance is polygenic. As a result, the industry remains at risk now that the RWA has spread throughout South Africa. It has, as recently as, 2013, been identified in the SW Cape, which was previously geographically isolated. This is South Africa‟s principle barley growing region. Now a potentially huge problem exists. Therefore, it is imperative that an alternative to pesticide use is found. Testing potential innate resistance in barley cultivars is thus, critical. In this thesis, I present data on four barely cultivars where I have examined their resistance/ lack of resistance to three known RWA biotypes, RWASA1, RWASA2 and RWASA3. The barley varieties used were two economically important South African malt barley cultivars (S5 and SSG 564) along with two potentially RWA resistant Afghan accessions (CIho 4125 and CIho 4159). The RWA biotype population growth rates on each of the plants were determined over a 14 day period. The aim was to establish baseline data of the effects of RWA population growth on the host plants under ambient CO2 (380 – 400 ppm) conditions. The extent of RWA feeding damage was investigated at the cell level by examining saliva deposition and cell disruption using Transmission Electron Microscopy; at the tissue/vascular level using fluorescence microscopy, to determine the extent of callose formation; at a whole leaf level by recording percent chlorosis and leaf roll; and finally, at a whole plant level by measuring biomass loss.The experiments were repeated under elevated CO2 (450 ppm) to model any changes in RWA/plant interaction with respect to future climate change. The effects of an elevated CO2 environment and RWA feeding on host plant foliar N and C:N ratio were compared to ambient CO2 conditions, to provide a clearer picture of the potential nutrient drain that a feeding RWA colony exacts on its host. Of the varieties tested, the CIho accessions performed better than the two SA barley cultivars as the CIho accessions appeared to express a mild antibiosis resistance response as RWA populations, particularly those of RWASA1, were smaller than those observed on either S5 or SSG 564. In addition, less damage was evident in the two CIho accessions due to RWA feeding. II RWASA2 was the most virulent of the three RWA biotypes tested, followed by RWASA3 while RWASA1 was the least virulent. Under elevated CO2 conditions, RWA feeding damage was exacerbated but the trend of biotype virulence remained the same. Higher aphid population sizes were recorded under elevated CO2, meant that even the more resistant CIho accessions were overcome by the increased demand made by the larger aphid colonies on the host plants. The % foliar N data showed that under elevated CO2 aphid-free control plants had increased N levels in their leaves. Increased “food” supply (as shown by the increased N levels) therefore allowed significantly larger aphid populations to develop on the plants exposed to elevated CO2, due to improved nutrient status of the phloem sap taken up by RWA. The knock-on effect of a higher aphid population was increased cell disruption as a result of extensive probing, extensive formations of wound callose, with the result that phloem damage impeded nutrient flow through the vascular tissues which contributed to chlorosis and (eventually plant) death. The major conclusion from this study is that even a mild CO2 elevation resulted in an increase aphid population which may pose a severe and very real threat to a barley crop. Therefore, without effort to identify and deploy resistant barley cultivars, it could well be possible that future barley cultivation in South Africa may no longer be viable.
39
Huveneers, Charlie. "The ecology and biology of wobbegong sharks (Genus Orectolobus) in relation to the commercial fishery in New South Wales, Australia." Thesis, Electronic version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/198.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis by publication.Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University (Division of Environmental & Life Sciences, Graduate School of the Environment), 2007.
Bibliography: p. 267-303.
General introduction -- Redescription of two species of wobbegongs (Chondrichthyes: Orectolobidae) with elevation of Orectolobus halei Whitley 1940 to species level -- Using recreational scuba-divers to survey the relative abundance and distribution of wobbegong sharks (Family: Orectolobidae) in New South Wales, Australia -- Observations of localised movements and residence time of wobbegong sharks (Orectolobus halei) at Fish Rock, New South Wales, Australia -- Length-frequency distribution, length-length, mass-mass and mass-length relationships of wobbegong sharks (Genus Orectolobus) commercially fished in New South Wales, Australia -- Quantitative diet assessment of wobbegong sharks (Genus Orectolobus) in New South Wales, Australia -- Reproductive synchrony of three sympatric species of wobbegong shark (Genus Orectolobus) in New South Wales, Australia -- Age and growth of wobbegong sharks (Genus Orectolobus) in New South Wales, Australia.
In New South Wales, Australia, wobbegong sharks (Orectolobidae) have been commercially targetted by the Ocean Trap and Line Fishery since 1991. A catch decrease of ca. 50% in a decade lead to concern over the sustainability of the fishery and to wobbegongs being listed as vulnerable in NSW under the World Conservation Union Red List assessment. The aim of this research was to investigate wobbegong biology and ecology in relation to its fishery to provide essential data and information for sustainable management of the woggegong fishery. Biological data was obtained from 904 wobbegongs collected from commercial fishing boats, using setlines and lobset pots and by scuba diving. previously two species of wobbegongs were known to occur in NSW: the spotted wobbegong (Orectolobus maculatus) and the ornate wobbegong (O. ornatus). This study discovered a new species (O. halei) described as a subspecies by Whitley (1940), but which had been syonymised with O> ornatus due to a lack of taxonomic investigation.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
307 p. ill., some col., maps
40
Arumugam, Phillip T. "An experimental approach to golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) fry-zooplankton interactions in fry rearing ponds, south-eastern Australia /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha793.pdf.
Full text
41
Coppa, Isabel Patricia Maria, and Isabel coppa@csw com au. "The use of remote sensing data for broad acre grain crop monitoring in Southeast Australia." RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070201.095831.
Full textAbstract:
In 2025, there will be almost 8 billion people to feed as the worlds population rapidly increases. To meet domestic and export demands, Australian grain productivity needs to approximately triple in the next 20 years, and this production needs to occur in an environmentally sustainable manner. The advent of Hi-tech Precision Farming in Australia has shown promise in recent time to optimize the use of resources. Most
42
Sarre, Gavin A. "Age compositions, growth rates, reproductive biology and diets of the black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri in four estuaries and a coastal saline lake in south-western Australia." Sarre, Gavin A. (1999) Age compositions, growth rates, reproductive biology and diets of the black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri in four estuaries and a coastal saline lake in south-western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1999. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/290/.
Full textAbstract:
The aims of the studies undertaken for this thesis on the black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri, a species which is confined to estuaries, were to determine the following. (1) The age compositions, growth rates, reproductive biology and diets of the populations of this species in four different estuaries (Swan River, Moore River, NomaluplWalpole and Wellstead estuaries) and a landlocked saline lake (Lake Clifton) and (2) the seasonal and regional distributions of this species within one estuary (Swan River Estuary). Acanthopagrus butcheri were collected at regular intervals from nearshore, shallow (> 2 m) and offshore, deeper (< 2.5 m) waters of the permanently open Swan River Estuary and intermittently open Moore River Estuary on the lower west coast of Australia and from the permanently open Nomalup/Walpole Estuary and normally closed Wellstead Estuary on the southern coast of Western Australia. One hundred A. butcheri were also obtained from a landlocked, coastal saline lake (Lake Clifton), 90 km south of the Swan River Estuary. Sampling employed seine nets, composite gill nets and rod and line.
In the Swan River Estuary, black bream typically occur in the saline reaches of the tributary rivers which constitute the upper estuary. However, during heavy freshwater discharge in winter, many individuals are swept downstream into the basins that constitute the middle estuary. These fish migrate back into the upper estuary in spring and the larger fish spawn in this region between the middle of spring and early summer. Although smaller fish tend to remain in the upper estuary during summer as salinities increase, the larger fish migrate further upstream where salinities are lower. The salinities in which A.butcheri spawned in the different systems ranged from as low as 5.5 - 6.8 %CJin the Moore River Estuary to as high as 40.7 - 45.2 %O in the Wellstead Estuary.
The use of marginal increment analyses demonstrated that the opaque zones revealed in otoliths by sectioning are formed annually and could thus be used for ageing individual fish and that the opaque zones visible in whole otoliths prior to sectioning could be used for ageing fish up to six years old. The number of annuli on scales did not provide a reliable estimate of age. The structure of the age compositions in the four estuaries varied, presumably reflecting differences in fishing pressure and, in one case, the lack of recruitment in some years. The growth rates of A. butcheri in the four estuaries and landlocked lake differed, which is probably related to variations in one or more of the following; water temperature, density of fish, salinity and the type of food available.
The monthly trends exhibited by gonadosomatic indices and the prevalence of different gonadal maturity stages and mature oocytes demonstrate that spawning typically occurs in spring and early summer. The frequent occurrence of yolk vesicle, yolk granule oocytes and post-ovulatory follicles in the ovaries of some mature fish provides strong circumstantial evidence that A. butcheri is a multiple spawner, i.e. spawns more than once during each breeding season. Estimates of the minimum total fecundity ranged between 9.07 x lo4 and 7.09 x lo6, with a mean of 1.58 x lo6. Variations amongst the lengths and ages at first maturity in three of the estuarine populations of A. butcheri could apparently be attributed to the influence of variations in growth rate.
Female and male Acanthopagrus butcheri both possess an ovotestis, a feature characteristic of the Sparidae. There is strong circumstantial evidence that, once a member of this species reaches maturity, it can be considered a rudimentary hermaphrodite, i.e. it possesses either functional ovaries and far smaller and immature testes or functional testes and immature ovaries of variable size. There was no evidence that this species undergoes either a protogynous or protandrous sex change. Acanthopagrus butcheri can consume various benthic and epibenthic prey, including crustaceans, polychaetes, molluscs and teleosts, and can also ingest considerable volumes of algae. However, the dietary compositions of A. butcheri in the four estuaries and Lake Clifton differed markedly, whch, together with information on the biota in those systems, indicate that A. butcheri feeds on those prey items that are most abundant in their environment. Yet, there is also evidence that, in any given system, A. butcheri will focus on a particular prey, even when other prey, which are regularly consumed in considerable volume in other systems, are abundant. The dietary compositions of A. butcheri in each estuary underwent ontogenetic changes, which would reduce the potential for intraspecific competition for food resources.
43
Sarre, Gavin Ayrton. "Age compositions, growth rates, reproductive biology, and diets of the black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri in four estuaries and a coastal saline lake in south-western Australia." Connect to this title online, 1999. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060818.135836.
Full text
44
Lord, Andrew P. D. "IGF transfer from blood to tissue: comparison of IGF-I with analogs that bind poorly to binding proteins, using a vascular perfusion model : a thesis submitted to the University of Adelaide, South Australia, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy /." Title page, abstract and table of contents, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl866.pdf.
Full text
45
Sri, Agung I. Gusti Ayu Mas. "Studies on pod and seed growth of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under rainfed conditions with emphasis on the effects of water stress and high temperature." Title page, contents and summary only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phS7738.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 158-176. Yield variation of faba bean in southern Australia is associated with seasonal and site variation in stress levels during podsetting and podfilling. This study examined the development of pods and seed growth in the field; quantified the effects of water stress and temperature on pod and seed development; quantified the importance of stem and podwall dry matter to seed growth and seed yield and examined the importance of genotype to these responses.
46
Lemmey, Andrew Bruce. "Effects of insulin-like growth factors (IGFS) on recovery from gut resection in rats : a thesis submitted to the University of Adelaide, South Australia for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." 1992, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl554.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-213) Shows that IGF-I peptides are effective in diminishing post-surgical catabolism and enhancing adaptive gut hyperplasia in rats recovering from massive small bowel resection.
47
Bhat, Shambhu Shankar. "Physiological and agronomic evaluation of responses of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes to water and high temperature stresses : developing screening techniques /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb5754.pdf.
Full text
48
McKenzie, Jane, and janemckenzie@malpage com. "Population demographics of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri)." La Trobe University. Zoology Department, School of Life Sciences, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20080509.121141.
Full textAbstract:
Assessment of trophic interactions between increasing populations of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) and fisheries in southern Australia is limited due to a lack of species specific demographic data and an understanding of the factors influencing population growth. To establish species specific demographic parameters a cross-sectional sample of New Zealand fur seal females (330) and males (100) were caught and individually-marked on Kangaroo Island, South Australia between 2000 and 2003. The seals were aged through examination of a postcanine tooth, which was removed from each animal to investigate age-specific life-history parameters. Annual formation of cementum layers was confirmed and accuracy in age estimation was determined by examination of teeth removed from individuals of known-age. Indirect methods of assessing reproductive maturity based on mammary teat characteristics indicated that females first gave birth between 4-8 years of age, with an average age at reproductive maturity of 5 years. Among reproductively mature females, age-specific reproductive rates increased rapidly between 4-7 years of age, reaching maximum rates of 70-81% between 8-13 years, and gradually decreased in older females. No females older than 22 years were recorded to pup. Age of first territory tenure in males ranged from 8-10 years. The oldest female and male were 25 and 19 years old, respectively. Post-weaning growth in females was monophasic, characterised by high growth rates in length and mass during the juvenile growth stage, followed by a gradual decline in growth rates after reproductive maturity. In contrast, growth in males was biphasic and displayed a secondary growth spurt in both length and mass, which coincided with sexual and social maturation, followed by a rapid decline in growth rates. Age-specific survival rates were high (0.823-0.953) among prime-age females (8-13 yrs of age) and declined in older females. Relative change in annual pup production was strongly correlated with reproductive rates of prime-age females and adult female survival between breeding seasons.
49
Bellamy, Robyn Lyle, and robyn bellamy@flinders edu au. "LIFE HISTORY AND CHEMOSENSORY COMMUNICATION IN THE SOCIAL AUSTRALIAN LIZARD, EGERNIA WHITII." Flinders University. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070514.163902.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
Social relationships, habitat utilisation and life history characteristics provide a framework which enables the survival of populations in fluctuating ecological conditions. An understanding of behavioural ecology is critical to the implementation of Natural Resource Management strategies if they are to succeed in their conservation efforts during the emergence of climate change. Egernia whitii from Wedge Island in the Spencer Gulf of South Australia were used as a model system to investigate the interaction of life history traits, scat piling behaviour and chemosensory communication in social lizards.
Juveniles typically took ¡Ý 3 years to reach sexual maturity and the results of skeletochronological studies suggested longevity of ¡Ý 13 years. Combined with a mean litter size of 2.2, a pregnancy rate estimated at 75% of eligible females during short-term studies, and highly stable groups, this information suggests several life history features.
Prolonged juvenile development and adult longevity may be prerequisite to the development of parental care. Parental care may, in turn, be the determining factor that facilitates the formation of small family groups. In E. whitii parental care takes the form of foetal and neonatal provisioning and tolerance of juveniles by small family or social groups within established resource areas. Presumably, resident juveniles also benefit from adult territorialism. Research on birds suggests that low adult mortality predisposes cooperative breeding or social grouping in birds, and life history traits and ecological factors appear to act together to facilitate cooperative systems.
E. whitii practice scat piling both individually and in small groups. Social benefits arising from signalling could confer both cooperative and competitive benefits. Permanent territorial markers have the potential to benefit conspecifics, congenerics and other species. The high incidence of a skink species (E. whitii) refuging with a gecko species (N. milii) on Wedge Island provides an example of interspecific cooperation. The diurnal refuge of the nocturnal gecko is a useful transient shelter for the diurnal skink. Scat piling may release a species ¡®signature¡¯ for each group that allows mutual recognition.
Scat piling also facilitates intraspecific scent marking by individual members, which has the potential to indicate relatedness, or social or sexual status within the group. The discovery of cloacal scent marking activity is new to the Egernia genus. E. Whitii differentiate between
their own scats, and conspecific and congeneric scats. They scent mark at the site of conspecific scats, and males and females differ in their response to scent cues over time. Scat piling has the potential to make information concerning the social environment available to dispersing transient and potential immigrant conspecifics, enabling settlement choices to be made.
This thesis explores some of the behavioural strategies employed by E. whitii to reduce risks to individuals within groups and between groups. Scents eliciting a range of behavioural responses relevant to the formation of adaptive social groupings, reproductive activity, and juvenile protection until maturity and dispersal are likely to be present in this species. Tests confirming chemosensory cues that differentiate sex, kin and age would be an interesting addition to current knowledge. The interaction of delayed maturity, parental care, sociality, chemosensory communication and scat piling highlights the sophistication of this species¡¯ behaviour.
An alternative method for permanently marking lizards was developed. Persistence, reliability and individual discrimination were demonstrated using photographic identification and the method was shown to be reliable for broad-scale application by researchers. Naturally occurring toe loss in the field provided a context against which to examine this alternative identification method and revealed the need to further investigate the consequences of routine toe clipping, as this practice appears to diminish survivorship.
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Cooper, David Seth. "Genetics and agronomy of transient salinity in Triticum durum and T. aestivum." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/59204.
Full textAbstract:
Title page, table of contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library.Transient salinity in soils is characterised by high concentrations of salts in the subsoil. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. Var. durum) is less tolerant of transient salinity than locally developed bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties, and this results in reliable durum production being restricted to relatively unaffected soils. Field trials were conducted to assess the relative impact of transient salinity, boron toxicity and bicarbonate on crop production and highlighted the importance of combining tolerance to all three subsoil constraints into varieties intended for widespread adoption; and if the area of durum production is to be expanded. The Na exclusion locus from the landrace Na49 was found to improve the adaptation of durum to sites affected by transient salinity and is now being intogressed into a wide range of breeding material.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture and Wine, 2005