Dissertations / Theses: 'Wheat grain'

1

Ottman, Michael. "Wheat and Barley Varieties for Arizona 2010." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/147013.

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Ottman, Michael J. "Wheat and Barley Varieties for Arizona 2011." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/225875.

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3

Ottman, Michael J. "Wheat and Barley Varieties for Arizona 2012." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/248911.

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4

Ottman, Michael J. "Wheat and Barley Varieties for Arizona 2013." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/305109.

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5

Zahedi, Morteza. "Physiological aspects of the responses of grain filling to high temperature in wheat." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phz19.pdf.

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"June 2001." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 217-248). The effects of a sustained period of moderately high temperature on physiological and biochemical aspects of grain development were investigated in wheat cultivars grown under controlled environment conditions. The effect of variation in plant nutrition on the responses of cultivars to high temperature was also studied.

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6

Ugalde, Trelawney David. "Transport of substrate within the wheat grain /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phu26.pdf.

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7

Tonkin, Rebecca Elizabeth. "The influence of seeding density and environmental factors on grain quality of main stems and tillers of wheat in South Australia (with special reference to prime hard quality wheat) : a thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht6654.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Discipline of Soil and Land Systems, 2004.
"November 2004" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-189). Also available online.

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8

Caley, Clare Yvonne. "Termination of grain growth in cereals." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27746.

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9

Knowles, T., T. Doerge, L. Clark, and E. Carpenter. "Effects of Residual and Fertilizer Phosphorus on Durum Wheat Production and Wheat Stem Phosphate Levels." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201072.

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Collecting additional data to calibrate and refine current guidelines for interpreting soil and plant test values is an ongoing need in Arizona. An experiment was conducted at the Safford Agricultural Center during the 1987 -89 crop years to evaluate the response of 'Aldura' durum wheat to a range of residual soil and fertilizer P levels. Maximum grain yields exceeding 5,500 lbs./A were obtained by banding 50 lbs. P₂O₅/A as triple superphosphate with the seed at planting in 1988. Residual P front phosphorus fertilizer applications up to 80 lbs. P₂O₅/A had no significant effect on grain yields of the succeeding wheat crop. Basal stem PO₄-P tissue analysis seemed reliable in monitoring P nutrition of durum wheat during the vegetative growth period. Observed critical levels of POD P in basal stem tissue for durum wheat at the 3-4 leaf, joint and boot growth stages were 2000, 1200 and 500 ppm, respectively.

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10

Ottman, M. J., and S. H. Husman. "Nitrogen Fertilizer Movement in Wheat Production, Higley." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201420.

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11

Ottman, M. J., and S. H. Husman. "Nitrogen Fertilizer Movement in Wheat Production, Yuma." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201421.

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12

Ottman, M. J., and B. R. Tickes. "Nitrogen Fertilizer Movement in Wheat Production, Roll." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201429.

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Labeled nitrogen fertilizer (N-15) was applied to wheat to determine fertilizer nitrogen movement in the soil at harvest. Most of the labeled fertilizer recovered in the soil was found in the surface few feet. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer detected below S feet was minimal.

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13

Aitken, Karen S. "Genetic analysis of grain protein content in wheat." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357308.

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14

Wanchoo-Kohli, Aakriti. "The role of gibberellin in wheat grain development." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41368/.

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The plant hormone gibberellin (GA) is known to influence grain size and flour quality, flowering, development and germination in wheat. GA also induces the production of α-amylase by the aleurone layer and premature production of this enzyme during development results in degraded starch in the mature grain. While GA is proposed to have a negative effect on flour quality, it is essential for early grain development and these effects are separated both temporarily and spatially in the grain. It was the aim of this project to further understand the role GA plays in wheat grain development and in order to achieve this constructs were designed to alter GA metabolism or signalling in the seed-coat, endosperm, embryo or aleurone of developing wheat grains. In plants where GA content was manipulated in the developing endosperm it was shown that GA produced by this tissue is involved in regulating grain size and morphology. This was demonstrated by the differences observed between the transgenics and their nulls in grain size, hardness index and moisture content. Additionally, in these lines no differences were observed in the α-amylase levels, implying that GA produced by the endosperm might not be influencing the production of this enzyme. However, GA insensitivity introduced in the embryo and aleurone layers did not display the hypothesised phenotypes and was inconclusive in determining the role of GA signalling in grain development. During this project a reliable qPCR based method using TaqMan assays was also developed to determine zygosity of transgenic plants in the T1 generation. This method was successful in reducing the number of generations required to select homozygous material compared to more conventional methods.

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15

Day, A. D., M. A. Solomon, M. J. Ottman, and B. B. Taylor. "High Rates of Sewage Sludge in Wheat Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201070.

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A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, to study the effects of sewage sludge loading rates on the vegetative growth, yield, and heavy metal contents of wheat grain and straw. Vegetative growth, grain and straw yields were similar whether wheat was fertilized with the recommended rate of inorganic N (112 kg/ha) or equivalent amounts of plant-available N from sewage sludge. Sewage sludge loading rates higher than three times the recommended plant- available N level delayed maturity and decreased wheat stands in the seedling stage; however, grain and straw yields were similar for all sewage sludge loading rates. Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in wheat grain and straw and in the soil following each harvest were low and similar for all fertilizer treatments.

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16

Hogg, Andrew Charles. "Puroindolines their control over wheat grain hardness and influence on milling and bread baking traits /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/hogg/HoggA04.pdf.

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Wheat grain is sold based upon several physiochemical characteristics, one of the most important being grain texture. Grain texture in wheat directly affects many end use qualities such as milling yield, break flour yield, and starch damage. The Hardness (Ha) locus located on the short arm of chromosome 5D is known to control grain hardness in wheat. This locus contains the puroindoline a (pina) and puroindoline b (pinb) genes. All wheats to date that have mutations in pina or pinb are hard textured, while wheats possessing both the 'soft type' pina-D1a and pinb-D1a sequences are soft. Furthermore, it has been shown that complementation of the pinb-D1b mutation in hard spring wheat can restore a soft phenotype. Here, the first objective was to identify and characterize the effect the puroindolines have on grain texture independently and together. The second objective was to determine which milling bread baking characteristics are affected by the seed specific over-expression of puroindolines. To accomplish both of these objectives a hard red spring wheat, possessing the pinb-D1b mutation, was transformed with 'soft type' pina and pinb, creating transgenic isolines that have added pina, pinb, or pina and pinb. Northern blot analysis of developing control and transgenic lines indicated that grain hardness differences were correlated with the timing of the expression of the native and transgenically added puroindolines. The addition of PINA decreased grain hardness less than the reduction seen with added PINB. Friabilin abundance was correlated with the presence of both 'soft type' PINA and PINB and did not correlate well with total puroindoline abundance. Selected T3 lines were grown in a field trial with two replications under dry and irrigated field conditions. Harvested grain was then milled and baked. Lines transformed with the puroindolines exhibited decreased total flour yields and increased break flour yields, yielding flour with lower protein and ash content. Decreases in loaf volume, mixograph absorption, and crumb grain scores were also observed in transgenic lines. These results demonstrate that the puroindolines can be used to profoundly influence grain hardness and a variety of milling and bread baking traits in wheat.

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17

Stapley, Andrew G. F. "Diffusion & reaction in wheat chains." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390002.

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18

Clark, L. J., and R. E. Cluff. "Feed Wheat Variety Demonstration in Graham County, 1989." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201013.

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Two wheat varieties were grown in Graham county as a follow -up to a previous field demonstration. AC79-97, a red wheat developed by the University of Arizona for the Safford area, yielded 6719 pounds per acre, compared with 6359 pounds per acre for Super-X. The protein differential made the crop values even more important than the yield comparison. AC79-97 produced $454 per acre, compared to $423 for Super-X. Using two year's data, AC79-97 produced 85 more pounds of protein per acre than Super-X, with a protein supplement replacement value of $28 per acre.

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19

Winans, S. S., M. J. Ottman, and T. A. Doerge. "Wheat and Durum Variety Trial in Poston, 1989." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201069.

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20

Ottman, M. J., and M. T. Rogers. "Small Grain Variety Evaluation at Yuma, 1999." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/205174.

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Small grain varieties are evaluated each year by industry and University of Arizona personnel. The purpose of these tests is to characterize varieties in terms of yield and other attributes. Variety performance varies greatly from year to year and several site-years are necessary to adequately characterize the yield potential of a variety. The results contained in this report will be combined with results from previous years in a summary available from Arizona Cooperative Extension.

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21

Clark, L. J., and E. W. Carpenter. "Small Grain Variety Trials Safford Agricultural Center, 1998." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208278.

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Small plot replicate trials were established to test ten barley varieties, twenty one durum wheat varieties and seven varieties of bread/feed wheat. Yields were exceptionally high in 1998 which were attributed to overall growing conditions for the plants. Gustoe was the highest yielding barley variety with a yield of 8412 pounds per acre, YU894-162 (Western Plant Breeders) was the highest yielding durum wheat with a yield of 7986 pounds per acre and RSI 5 (Resources Seeds Inc.) was the highest yielding feed wheat. These varieties yielded 1458, 966 and 713 pounds per acre more than the number two varieties for barley, durum wheat and wheat, respectively.

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22

Holloway, R. E. "Zinc as a subsoil nutrient for cereals /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh7454.pdf.

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23

Poustini, Kazem. "The effect of salinity on grain filling in wheat." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46511.

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24

Wade, James C. "Summary of 1990 Estimated Cost of Growing Wheat in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201346.

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25

Biddulph, Thomas Benjamin. "Mechanisms of dormancy, preharvest sprouting tolerance and how they are influenced by the environment during grain filling and maturation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) /." Connect to this title, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0168.

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26

Gupta, Avtar Krishan. "Two-stage drying of wheat and barley." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/603.

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The results of a theoretical and experimental investigation into the drying of wheat and barley in two stages with an intervening rest period are presented. The reduction in drying time, excluding rest period, has been determined in comparison with the conventional continuous drying for various drying requirements. The effect of airflow rate and the temperature difference between grain and air on the reduction in moisture content and the time required to cool the grain during dryeration is also included. The moisture diffusion equation was solved numerically assuming a spherical grain. The variable grid spacing, Crank-Nicolson approximation technique and the Gauss-Seidel iterative procedure was employed. The theoretical predictions were compared with experimental results. The drying and resting was performed on a thin layer at a temperature of 60°C. An automatic micro-computer based system was developed to record and store the experimental data. The results indicate that the moisture redistribution during resting is well advanced after a period of two hours for wheat and one hour for barley. The extent of redistribution was measured by the increase in drying rate observed as the rest period was extended. An optimum moisture content for commencing resting is specified, which is a function of initial, final and equilibrium moisture contents. This optimum was chosen to minimise the actual drying time. There is good agreement between the theoreticaaand experimental predictions. It was found that the incorporation of a surface resistance into the diffusion model improves the description of the experimental results. The results enable a drying strategy to be specified that reduces the actual drying time by as much as 39%. - iv For dryeration experiments, the grains pre-heated to different temperatures were put into a well insulated aluminium cylinder and aerated at various airflow rates. An airflow rate of about 60-120 m3/hr/m3 of grain was found to be optimum. The moisture reduction during cooling was observed to be 0.65 to 0.78% (db) per 10°C temperature difference. It was noticed that moisture reduction also depends on initial moisture content of the grain. The practical implications of two-stage drying are discussed.

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27

Clark, Lee J., and E. W. Carpenter. "Small Grain Variety Trials Safford Agricultural Center, 2000." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204101.

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Small plot replicate trials were established to test thirteen durum wheat varieties, seven varieties of bread/feed wheat and nine varieties of barley. Platinum was the leading durum wheat variety with a yield of 4550 pounds per acre and Experimental BR 4836 from World Wide Wheat the highest yielding bread/feed wheat variety with 5893 pounds per acre. Patti was the highest yielding barley variety with a yield of 4724 pounds per acre.

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28

Harper, John, and David K. Parsons. "Small Grain Variety Yield Comparisons, Maricopa Agricultural Center." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200517.

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29

Clark, Lee J., and Keller F. Ellsworth. "Small Grain Variety Trials, Safford Agricultural Center, 2004." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203874.

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Small plot replicate trials were established to test fifteen durum wheat varieties and thirteen varieties of barley (including six malting varieties from Colorado). Duraking from World Wide Wheat was the leading durum wheat variety with a yield just over two tons per acre. Max barley variety from World Wide Wheat was the highest yielding barley variety with a yield over two and three quarters tons per acre. A multi-year summary is also provided in this paper.

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30

Clark, L. J., and E. W. Carpenter. "Small Grain Variety Trials, Safford Agricultural Center, 1999." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/205160.

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Small plot replicate trials were established to test thirteen durum wheat varieties, nine varieties of bread/feed wheat, and five varieties of barley. Trump was the leading durum wheat variety with a yield of 3470 pounds per acre. Stander, a variety from Resources Seeds Intl in California, was the top producing wheat variety with a yield of 5780 pounds per acre and Max produced the highest barley yield with 5792 pounds per acre. Except for the durum varieties, most varieties in the study produced reasonable yields in 1999.

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31

Islam-Faridi, M. Nurul. "Genetical studies of grain protein and developmental charcters in wheat." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235917.

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32

Ngobese, Peter Thembinkosi. "The economics of large scale wheat production in Zimbabwe /." This resource online, 1987. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02272007-092406/.

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33

Clark, L. J., and E. W. Carpenter. "Durum Wheat Variety Trials on the Safford Agricultural Center, 1994." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201434.

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34

Lotfollahi, Mohammad. "The effect of subsoil mineral nitrogen on grain protein concentration of wheat." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl882.pdf.

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Copy of author's previously published work inserted. Bibliography: leaves 147-189. This project examines the uptake of mineral N from the subsoil after anthesis and its effect on grain protein concentration (GPC) of wheat. The overall objective is to examine the importance of subsoil mineral N and to investigate the ability of wheat to take up N from the subsoil late in the season under different conditions of N supply and soil water availability. Greenhouse experiments investigate the importance of subsoil mineral N availability on GPC of wheat and the factors that contribute to the effective utilisation of N. The recovery of N from subsoil, the effect of split N application on GPC and short term N uptake by the wheat at different rooting densities are also studied.

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35

Tickes, Barry. "Wheat Variety Demonstrations." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200502.

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36

Ottman, Michael J. "Seeding Rate Effects on Durum Grain Protein Concentration." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204099.

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It has been observed in other wheat growing regions that stands that are thin rarely have problems with low grain protein. The purpose of this study was to determine if this is indeed the case in Arizona. A study was conducted at Maricopa where the durum varieties Duraking, Minos, and Turbo were sown at rates from 30 to 360 lbs seed/acre. Seeding rate had no effect on grain protein or yield in this study. The reported effects of thin stands on grain protein may be related to low yield rather than seeding rate per se.

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37

Day, Arden, Rex Thompson, and Spencer Swingle. "Effects of Dried Sewage Slude on Barley Grain Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200487.

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A four-year experiment was conducted at the Mesa Agricultural Center to study the use of dried sewage sludge from the City of Phoenix as a source of plant nutrients in the commercial production of barley grain. The objective was to compare the effects of sewage sludge and commercial fertilizer on barley growth, grain yield, and quality. Three fertilizer treatments were used: (1) suggested rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in Arizona, (2) dried sewage sludge to supply plant-available N in amounts equal to the suggested rate, and (3) N, P, and K from inorganic fertilizers in amounts equal to those in sewage sludge. Characteristics of barley growth, grain yield, and quality were similar for the three fertilizer treatments. Barley can utilize the fertilizer nutrients in dried sewage sludge in the production of grain as effectively as it can utilize the fertilizer nutrients in inorganic fertilizer.

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38

Clark, L. J., and E. W. Carpenter. "Wheat Irrigation Scheduling at the Safford Agricultural Center, 1989." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201075.

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Wheat irrigations were scheduled using two computer models and an infrared thermometer, using three critical threshold values. Yields from these plots were compared with plots scheduled by the farm manager. The highest yield was obtained by the computer model using evapotranspiration data taken from the local AZMET station; this corroborates results from the previous year. The crop coefficients and the irrigation model that have been developed over the past several years are very accurate for this area. The two lower threshold infrared treatments were second and third in yield and had lower water use efficiencies.

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39

Tickes, Barry R., and Stanley Heathman. "An Evaluation of Potential New Treatments for Canarygrass Control in Red Wheat." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201268.

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Canarygrass (Phalaris minor) has become an increasingly widespread weed in wheat grown in central and southwestern Arizona. Only two herbicides, Barban and Diclofop, have been used effectively to control this weed. The registration of Barban was dropped in 1989 and the labeled rate of Diclofop was lowered to marginal control levels in 1990. A test was conducted to evaluate potential new treatments for the control of canarygrass. One treatment; Puma at 1.14 lbs./A resulted in excellent control of this weed.

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40

McCallum, John Allan. "Biochemistry of phenolic compounds in wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Botany, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5723.

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Phenolic content, o-diphenol oxidase activity, flour colour and bread crumb colour have been examined for flour streams from a commercial flour mill and in flours and wholemeals of a number of New Zealand wheat cultivars. Phenolic content and o-diphenol oxidase activity varied significantly both between milling flour streams and between cultivars. Flour and bread crumb colour correlated significantly with phenolic content and o-diphenol oxidase activity in the milling flour streams. A similar relationship was also observed between o-diphenol oxidase activity and the colour of flour and bread prepared from several different cultivars. These observations are consistent with an involvement of o-diphenol oxidase and phenolics in the pigmentation of both wheat flour and bread. Commercial wheat bran has been found to contain low levels (<50 µg.g-1) of (+)catechin and soluble proanthocyanidins soluble in aqueous acetone. Detection of these compounds in crude extracts by conventional methods was complicated by the presence of methoxyhydroquinone glycosides and other interfering substances. Chromatographic studies indicated that, in addition to several dimeric proanthocyanidins, bran contains trimeric and/or other oligomeric proanthocyanidins. The oligomeric proanthocyanidins contained mostly prodelphinidin and some procyanidin units, whilst the dimeric proanthocyanidins may also contain some propelargonidin units. Two dimeric proanthocyanidins were isolated and tentatively characterized as catechin-(4α→)-catechin (procyanidin B3) and gallocatechin (4α→8)-catechin (prodelphinidin B3). These observations suggest that the flavanol content of wheat grain may be qualitatively similar to that of barley, although quantitatively much smaller. The identification of these compounds in mature wheat grain confirmed earlier reports of their presence in immature grain and supports the hypothesis that they contribute to seedcoat pigmentation. Changes in soluble phenolics and hydroxycinnamic acids and the activities of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC No. 4.3.1.5) and chalcone-flavanone isomerase (CHI E.C. 5.5.1.6) were examined during the development and maturation of several spring bread wheat cultivars. Activities of both PAL and CHI were high in the early milk stage of grain development and this activity was located principally in the testa and pericarp tissues. Comparison of enzyme activities at this stage indicated significant differences between red- and white-grained cultivars. These different patterns of activity also correlated with significant differences in germinability at maturity. It is suggested that the common association between red seedcoat pigmentation and dormancy may be related to differences in the regulation of phenolic biosynthesis in the immature seedcoat. Studies of the tissue distribution of enzyme activities suggested that phenolic biosynthetic activities were higher in the embryo during the dough stage of grain development. Chromatographic studies suggested that there were significant qualitative and quantitative changes in phenolic content during grain development and maturation. Changes in ferulic and other hydroxycinnamic acids indicated that these were subject to considerable turnover and metabolism during grain development.

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41

Al-Ghzawi, Abdul Latief Ali. "The physiological processes determining grain yield potential in winter wheat." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12885/.

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Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ) is the most important crop grown extensively in the UK. There is a gap between yield production and world demand for wheat. So, there is a need to fill this gap. The overall objective of the present study is to investigate the physiological determinants of grain yield potential in winter wheat grown in UK conditions using doubled-haploid lines derived from a cross between winter wheat varieties Rialto and Spark. These varieties are known from previous work to contrast for source and sink type traits and for the presence/absence of the 1 BL/ IRS translocation and the Rht-Dl b semi-dwarf allele. Three field experiments (at Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham 2003/4, 2004/5 and 2005/6) were conducted examining 25 DH lines of the Rialto x Spark population and the two parents. Two post-anthesis shading treatments (with and without shading) were applied to six genotypes (four DII lines and two parents) in 2003/4 and 2004/5. Two post anthesis de-graining treatments (with and without degraining) were applied to twelve genotypes (ten DH lines and two parents) in 2003/4 and 2004/5. Detailed measurements of grain growth were carried out on the two parents for five pre-determined grain positions within the ear. A range of physiological traits were measured, including developmental stages, light extinction coefficient, radiation interception, radiation-use efficiency (RUE), green area and biomass, stem water-soluble carbohydrate reserves, floret fertility, potential grain weight, grain filling rate and duration, final grain weight and combine grain yield. A source-sink balance model which quantified the source: sink balance during grain growth indicated that the four DH lines and the two parents were sink-limited during grain growth. The sink manipulation treatment (de-graining) generally confirmed the sink limitation in this population although small positive responses of grain growth to de-graining for a few lines indicated they may have been close to source limitation. Radiation-use efficiency measured as the regression slope of dry matter on accumulated PAR intercepted between onset of stem elongation and anthesis differed amongst genotypes in 2004,2005 and 2006. Pre-anthesis RUE was positively correlated with each of grains m2 and specific leaf weight (SLW). The 1BL/IRS translocation increased RUE significantly. The characterisation of the 25 DH lines in this study showed that the differences in grain yield were positively correlated with grains m'2 but not individual grain weight. There was positive correlation between stem WSC reserves and yield in one of the experimental seasons, 2006. The ten DH lines and the two parents differed in the length of the period between GS31 and GS61 by nine days. There was a positive correlation between the duration from GS31 to GS61 and radiation interception during this period which positively affecting grains m '2 Rate and duration of grain growth and final grain weight were assessed for five grain positions (G1 to G5) for Rialto and Spark under 50% shading and a control treatment. Rialto had heavier grains associated with a longer grain filling duration than Spark. The five grain positions had similar durations of grain filling but differed in final grain weight and rate of grain growth. Grains in the central spikelet (G1, G2 and G3) were sink-limited as they did not respond to de-graining. However, grains in the basal (G4) and apical (G5) spikelets were marginally source-limited since their final weight was increased by de-graining. These results suggest that breeders should consider selecting for extra grains in proximal grain positions in basal spikelets (e. g. G4) rather than in distal grain positions in central spikelets, because these grains in this position were heavier, had faster filling rate and had the ability to respond to extra assimilates later in the season. Harvest biomass was positively correlated with grain yield amongst the DH lines. So traits to improve biomass whilst maintaining harvest index may be important for future breeding progress. It is suggested that breeders might select for an extended duration between GS31 and GS61 and higher RUE (via high SLW) to improve grains M-2 and yield potential in future years. They also should select for higher stem carbohydrate reserves to increase source size alongside grain sink size.

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42

Landberg, Rikard. "Alkylresorcinols as biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intake /." Uppsala : Dept. of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200911.pdf.

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Moberly, Joseph. "Crop water production functions for grain sorghum and winter wheat." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32560.

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Master of Science
Agronomy
Robert Aiken
Xiaomao Lin
Productivity of water-limited cropping systems can be reduced by untimely distribution of water as well as cold and heat stress. The research objective was to develop relationships among weather parameters, water use, and grain productivity to produce production functions to forecast grain yields of grain sorghum and winter wheat in water-limited cropping systems. Algorithms, defined by the Kansas Water Budget (KSWB) model, solve the soil water budget with a daily time step and were implemented using the Matlab computer language. The relationship of grain yield to crop water use, reported in several crop sequence studies conducted in Bushland, TX; Colby, KS and Tribune, KS were compared against KSWB model results using contemporary weather data. The predictive accuracy of the KSWB model was also evaluated in relation to experimental results. Field studies showed that winter wheat had stable grain yields over a wide range of crop water use, while sorghum had a wider range of yields over a smaller distribution of crop water use. The relationship of winter wheat yield to crop water use, simulated by KSWB, was comparable to relationships developed for four of five experimental results, except for one study conducted in Bushland that indicated less crop water productivity. In contrast, for grain sorghum, experimental yield response to an increment of water use was less than that calculated by KSWB for three of five cases; for one study at Colby and Tribune, simulated and experimental yield response to water use were similar. Simulated yield thresholds were consistent with observed yield thresholds for both wheat and sorghum in all but one case, that of wheat in the Bushland study previously mentioned. Factors in addition to crop water use, such as weeds, pests, or disease, may have contributed to these differences. The KSWB model provides a useful analytic framework for distinguishing water supply constraints to grain productivity.

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Benbow, Harriet Rose. "Dissecting the genetic control of grain : weight in UK wheat." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702745.

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Wheat is one of the most economically important crop species in the world. It provides twenty percent of calories to a global population of seven billion people. However, genetic research of wheat is complicated as the genome is very large, full of repetitive sequences and comprised of three similar sub-genomes. During the course of this project, the genetic resources available for wheat drastically improved. The abundance of genome-specific SNP markers increased considerably, and 2014 saw the release of a chromosome-based draft sequence of the hexaploid wheat genome. The wealth of publicly-available SNP genotype information was exploited, to identify statistical associations between SNP markers and agronomically important traits, using two experimental populations: the Avalon x Cadenza doubled haploid mapping population, and the NIAB elite Multi-parent Advanced Generation Intercross (MAGIC) population. Genomewide association, and QTL analyses identified regions of interest on chromosomes 3D, 4B 4D, 5A, 5B and 6A. These regions contained SNPs which had an association with either grain yield; grain weight; grain width; grain length; grain surface area; or a combination of these traits. Furthermore, regions of chromosomes IB, 2A, 5B, 5D and 6A were of particular interest as they not only contained SNPs with a statistical association with a trait, they contained a transcript that had differential expression between plants with high and low thousand grain weight. These results suggest that although genetic diversity is limited, there is still potential for the identification of yield-increasing genes within elite wheat. Due to the lack of sequence information for wheat, few of the sequences of interest were annotated with gene or protein function. However, a set of putative candidate genes have been identified in both populations, which appear to be involved in plant growth and development. Of particular interest to the wheat breeding industry is the range of elite material studied. Over 80% of allelic diversity seen in elite UK wheat was captured by the two experimental populations, which, in total, represented 10 elite varieties. Therefore, there is a high chance that the SNPs identified in these populations are segregating in elite breeding material. Furthermore, a variety of hexaploid, tetraploid and diploid wheat material, including elite varieties; wheat relatives; and wild landraces have previously been screened with the majority of the SNPs used in this analysis. The SNP data is publicly available, making the results of this study immediately available for validation or introduction into breeding programmes.

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Ellis, Sybil Adeen. "The pathology of cereal blackpoint, its effects on grain quality and potential control." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337288.

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Cossani, Rial César Mariano. "Grain yield and resource use efficiency of bread wheat, barley and durum wheat under Mediterranean environments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8355.

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Under Mediterranean environments water and nitrogen (N) are considered the two factors most strongly limiting crop productivity. Wheat (bread and durum) and barley are the main crops grown in dryland Mediterranean environments. Within the Mediterranean basin, wheat is usually cultivated in rotations with other crops under relatively humid zones while barley is sown as a monoculture in the driest zones. Reasons behind barley monoculture are based on an hypothetical barley yield advantage over wheat under stressed environments. However, information about direct comparison between wheat (bread or durum) and barley is not abundant for the Mediterranean basin (nor for other Mediterranean regions). Neither grain yield nor biomass production, water use, nitrogen use or their use efficiency have been compared for the three species to justify the preference of one of them in monoculture in the more scarce resource availability environments.
The main objective of the present thesis was to assess the response of wheat (bread and durum) and barley in terms of productivity to different water and nitrogen availabilities within the Mediterranean conditions of dryland cereal regions of Catalonia. Within the main objective two specific objectives were formulated (i) to provide empirical support to the generalized hypothesis of a better performance of barley than wheat under stress conditions, and (ii) to analyze if N fertilization could be a management tool to increase grain yield under stressful Mediterranean conditions for small grain cereals (in cases in which soil N were low). To fulfil the objectives data taken from a literature revision, and historical and regional data were analysed combined with those from five field experiments that were carried-out using different combinations of water and N availabilities for a typical well-adapted and representative cultivar of bread wheat, durum wheat and barley during 2003/04 to 2006/07 growing seasons in a typical dryland region of Catalonia where barley represent c. 80 % of the total cereal acreage.
Across all the experimental conditions grain yield of the three species varied widely from c. 1 to 10 Mg ha-1. Under the driest and poorest yielding conditions barley presented similar yields to wheat (bread and durum) using the experimental data, but also using the bibliographic, historical and regional data, indicating an unjustified barley monoculture in terms of productivity. Despite similar yield between durum wheat and barley a lower stability in grain weight was observed for the case of durum wheat. Neither water use or N use or their use efficiencies supported the hypothesised advantage of barley over wheat across the driest experimental conditions. Water availability and N fertilization modified grain yield, biomass and resource use efficiency. In the present thesis, it was evidenced with realistic field data for the first time that of the degree of co-limitation between factors (N and water in this case) may affect yields as well as water use efficiency of small grain cereals, which had been previously proposed but using simulation models for wheat production in Australia.

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Swan, Catlynn Gail. "Wheat puroindolines interact to control grain hardness and effect ruminal digestability of starch in cattle." Thesis, Montana State University, 2005. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2005/swan/SwanC0505.pdf.

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Clark, Lee J., and E. W. Carpenter. "Small Grain Variety Trials at the Safford Agricultural Center, 2002." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203863.

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Small plot replicate trials were established to test nineteen durum wheat varieties, three varieties of bread/feed wheat and six varieties of barley. D1856, an experimental, was the leading durum wheat variety, Cavalier from World Wide Wheat the highest yielding bread/feed wheat variety and Commander was the highest yielding barley. All three varieties were entries from World Wide Wheat. A three year summary is also provided in this paper.

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Clark, L. J., and E. W. Carpenter. "Small Grain Variety Trials at the Safford Agricultural Center, 2001." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/205411.

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Small plot replicate trials were established to test thirteen durum wheat varieties, four varieties of bread/feed wheat and six varieties of barley. Platinum, from World Wide Wheat, was the leading durum wheat variety with a yield of 3496 pounds per acre and YU 995-241, from Western Plant Breeders, the highest yielding bread/feed wheat variety with 5546 pounds per acre. #3 was the highest yielding barley variety with a yield of 6353 pounds per acre.

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Ottman, Michael. "Crop Coefficients for Estimating Small Grain Water Use, 2002." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203652.

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Crop coefficients are used to estimate water use from reference evapotranspiration values provided by weather stations. Two varieties of barley and durum were planted at the Maricopa Agricultural Center in late November and early January. Water use was estimated from neutron probe readings and crop coefficients were calculated by dividing water use by reference evapotranspiration. The crop coefficients calculated in this study peaked close to 1.2, similar to published values, except for the short season barley cultivar Barcott which had much lower values than the other cultivars.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Wheat grain'

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