Journal articles on the topic 'Wheat genotypes'
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Razavifar, Zeynab, Hassan Karimmojeni, and Fatemeh Ghorbani Sini. "Effects of wheat-canola intercropping on Phelipanche aegyptiaca parasitism." Journal of Plant Protection Research 57, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2017-0038.
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AbstractParasitic weeds especiallyPhelipanche aegyptiacadecrease severely the production of canola. This study evaluated the effect of intercropping different wheat genotypes with canola onPhelipanche aegyptiacagrowth. Ten wild wheat genotypes with different ploidy levels including TRI11712, TRI19322, TRI18664, TRI19652, TRI565, TRI15593, TRI12911, TRI11554, TRI17606, TRI7259P and seven cultivated bread wheats, namely: Falat, Chamran, Alamut, Baiat, Kavir, Sepahan, Alvand in addition to a canola cultivar called Zarfam were studied. The results revealed that intercropping of canola with wheat could significantly reduce broomrape growth depending on the type of wheat genotype. A significant genetic variation of allelopathic activity in wheat was observed, indicating the contribution of multiple genes conferring the allelopathic trait. TRI565 and TRI12911, TRI15593, TRI18664, TRI19652, TRI17606, TRI19322, and TRI7259 genotypes showed strong inhibitory effects and can be considered as potential allelopathic genotypes to suppress broomrape. The inhibitory potential of wild wheat genotypes was stronger than cultivated wheat genotypes. Alamut, Baiat, Alvand, Sepahan, and TRI11712 possessed strong stimulatory effects on broomrape germination. Such genotypes may be valuable as trap crops for depleting the Egyptian broomrape seed bank.
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Stenglein, Sebastian A., María I. Dinolfo, Germán Barros, Fabricio Bongiorno, Sofía N. Chulze, and María V. Moreno. "Fusarium poae Pathogenicity and Mycotoxin Accumulation on Selected Wheat and Barley Genotypes at a Single Location in Argentina." Plant Disease 98, no. 12 (December 2014): 1733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-14-0182-re.
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Fusarium poae is a relatively weak pathogen with increasing importance in cereal grains, principally due to its capacity to produce several mycotoxins. In this study, we evaluated the pathogenicity and toxin accumulation of individual F. poae isolates on wheat and barley under natural conditions for 3 years. Analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences for year–genotype, year–isolate, genotype–isolate, and year–genotype–isolate interactions for both incidence and disease severity. Based on contrast analysis, ‘Apogee’ was more susceptible than the other wheat genotypes, wheat genotypes were more susceptible than barley genotypes, durum wheat genotypes were more susceptible than bread wheat genotypes, and barley genotype ‘Scarlett’ had greater symptom development per spike than the other barley genotypes. Neither HT-2 nor T-2 toxins were detected in the grain samples. However, high levels of nivalenol were found in both wheat and barley samples. The increased reported isolation of F. poae from wheat and barley and the high capacity of this fungus to produce nivalenol underlie the need for more studies on F. poae–host interactions, especially for barley.
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T, Bayisa. "Stability Analysis of Bread Wheat Genotypes Using the AMMI Stability Model at Southeast Oromia." Food Science & Nutrition Technology 7, no. 1 (2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/fsnt-16000277.
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Ethiopia is the largest wheat producer in Sub- Saharan Africa. The productivity of wheat has increased in the last few years in the country, but low as compared to other countries. This low productivity is attributed to a number of factors including biotic, abiotic, shortage of high yielding and stable varieties. The objective of the present study is to identify high yielding and stable genotype. A total of twenty genotypes including Dambal (st. check) and Mada walabu (Local check) were evaluated for two cropping season 2017 and 2018 at four locations: Sinana, Agarfa, Goba and Gololcha. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. The result of combined analysis of variance showed high significant differences for genotypes, environment and GE interaction. The result of AMMI analysis indicated that 36.3 %, of the total variability was justified by environment, 28.6% by genotypes and 34.9% by GE interaction whereas IPCA 1 and IPCA 2 explained 74.2% from the total GE. Based on GSI a single criteria for stability and high grain yield, genotypes G9, G1, G14,G10, G15 and G12 have the smallest genotype stability index which means they were stable and high yielding genotype. The best genotype with respect to environment Gololcha 2017 and Gololcha 2018 was genotype G10. Genotypes G3 and G17 were better adapted to environments Agarfa 2017. G12 is high yielder stable across tested locations. Therefore this genotype was identified as candidate genotypes to be verified for possible release.
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Islam, M. S., T. Halder, J. Hossain, F. Mahmud, and J. Rahman. "GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum) OF BANGLADESH." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 28, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v28i2.29957.
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A field study was conducted to select suitable genotype(s) for varying planting dates and to compare the average performance of the genotypes in different environments. The experiment was conducted at the farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh with ten (nine Triticum aestivum and one Triticum turgidum) wheat genotypes. The genotypes were planted at three different dates during November 2012 to March 2013. Analysis of variance for the genotypes showed significant variation which revealed the presence of considerable amount of genetic variability among different genotypes. Significant genotype x environment interaction was obtained for all studied characters and those were tested against pooled error. Environment + (genotype ^ environment) component and genotype ^ environment (linear) component also showed significant variation and the genotypes performed differently in different environments. Except pooled deviation of linear components of genotype-environment interaction were significant for all the characters. So the differences in stability for different characters were due to the linear response and not for non-linear function. Considering all the characters, genotypes G4, G6, G9 performed better in overall environments. The genotype G10 performed better in poor condition whereas G7 performed better in favorable environment. Among three different sowing dates, optimum sowing (sowing at 20 November, 2012) performed better for most of the genotypes and gradually decreased with late sowing.
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Mohabbati, F. "Effects of salinity on syntethic wheat genotypes." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 41, Special Issue (July 31, 2012): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6189-cjgpb.
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Al-Maaroof, Emad Mahmood Al-Maaroof, and Asoda Mohammed Nori Nori. "Yellow rust development on different wheat genotypes." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 2ndInt.Conf.AGR, Special Issue (February 6, 2018): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10664.
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Lukács, A., G. Pártay, T. Németh, S. Csorba, and C. Farkas. "Drought stress tolerance of two wheat genotypes." Soil and Water Research 3, Special Issue No. 1 (June 30, 2008): S95—S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10/2008-swr.
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Biotic and abiotic stress effects can limit the productivity of plants to great extent. In Hungary, drought is one of the most important constrains of biomass production, even at the present climatic conditions. The climate change scenarios, developed for the Carpathian basin for the nearest future predict further decrease in surface water resources. Consequently, it is essential to develop drought stress tolerant wheat genotypes to ensure sustainable and productive wheat production under changed climate conditions. The aim of the present study was to compare the stress tolerance of two winter wheat genotypes at two different scales. Soil water regime and development of plants, grown in a pot experiment and in large undisturbed soil columns were evaluated. The pot experiments were carried out in a climatic room in three replicates. GK Élet wheat genotype was planted in six, and Mv Emese in other six pots. Two pots were left without plant for evaporation studies. Based on the mass of the soil columns without plant the evaporation from the bare soil surface was calculated in order to distinguish the evaporation and the transpiration with appropriate precision. A complex stress diagnosis system was developed to monitor the water balance elements. ECH<sub>2</sub>O type capacitive soil moisture probes were installed in each of the pots to perform soil water content measurements four times a day. The irrigation demand was determined according to the hydrolimits, derived from soil hydrophysical properties. In case of both genotypes three plants were provided with the optimum water supply, while the other three ones were drought-stressed. In the undisturbed soil columns, the same wheat genotypes were sawn in one replicate. Similar watering strategy was applied. TDR soil moisture probes were installed in the soil at various depths to monitor changes in soil water content. In order to study the drought stress reaction of the wheat plants, microsensors of 1.6 mm diameter were implanted into the stems and connected to a quadrupole mass spectrometer for gas analysis. The stress status was indicated in the plants grown on partly non-irrigated soil columns by the lower CO<sub>2</sub> level at both genotypes. It was concluded that the developed stress diagnosis system could be used for soil water balance elements calculations. This enables more precise estimation of plant water consumption in order to evaluate the drought sensitivity of different wheat genotypes.
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De Almeida, J. L., and G. Dos Santos Portes Silva. "Predicting cookie wheat germplasm performance." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 47, Special Issue (October 20, 2011): S178—S181. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3276-cjgpb.
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Compared to the large effort spent developing Brazilian bread wheat cultivars, relatively few soft wheat cultivars for cookie flour were released in this country in the recent years. The objective of this study is to propose a model to predict wheat cultivars with improved manufacturing quality for the cookie industry while maintaining production for the growers. A database was compiled originally with 1674 entries with field, milling and flour quality parameters from the year 2000 to 2008 crop seasons. The critical specifications of 14 commercial cookie flours were compared and it was determined that the variables farinograph water absorption appeared in 14 out of 41 specifications (34.1%), alveograph strength appeared in 13 out of 41 specifications (31.7%), wet gluten appeared in 11 out of 41 specifications (26.8%), alveograph tenacity appeared in two out of 41 specifications (4.9%), and alveograph dough extensibility appeared in one out of 41 specifications (2.5%). Using frequency percentages as model coefficients a Brazilian Cookie Wheat Score Model was proposed:<br />BCWS =ABS × 0.341 + W × 0.317 + WG × 0.268 + P × 0.049 + L × 0.025. The ideal score for a wheat genotype to be classified as cookie wheat for the Brazilian market is within the optimum interval from 56.1 to 81.2. To validate this model and its proposed interval, 277 wheat entries from the 2008 crop year were tested under the following conditions: first, wheat genotypes that yielded less than the average of bread wheat genotypes were discharged; second, wheat genotypes without the full set of values for the model variables were discharged. Twenty wheat genotypes, out of 277, were within the optimum interval and were proposed as wheat genotypes to produce cookie flour. The validation results indicated that, using the BCWS Model, along with the established conditions, a wheat breeder will have 75% chance of finding a potential cultivar with acceptable cookie functionality from a set of experimental lines.
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G, Alemu. "Genotype X Environment Interaction for Quality Traits in Advanced Bread Wheat Genotype in Ethiopia." Food Science & Nutrition Technology 4, no. 2 (March 14, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/fsnt-16000176.
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The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of GEI and its magnitude on the grain quality of bread wheat genotypes in Ethiopia. 15 bread wheat genotypes were evaluated using RCBD with four replications at six different locations in Ethiopia during 2017/18 cropping season. Combine Analysis of variance showed highly significant (P<0.001) differences among genotype, environment and GEI for investigated quality traits except GEI shows non-significant difference in dry gluten and gluten index. The environment contributed more than 50% only in PC (83.6%) and HLW (56.1%). The three components, G, E and GxE made almost similar contribution to most of the quality traits (WG, DG and GI), although the contribution of the environment was a little higher. Hardness index was determined mainly by the genotype (69.3%). The contribution of GxE was higher than that of genotype in all quality traits except in HDI and GI, again indicating the important role of GxE in the determination of wheat quality traits. Genotype ETBW9045 and ETBW8065 gave the best value of protein in the favorable means (15.05% and 14.75%) respectively. The Hidase had the highest value of wet gluten (58.2%) and dry gluten (24.38%) in average for all investigated locations (58.2%). GGE biplot declared ETBW9045 (#10) and ETBW8065 (#6) genotypes as stable in all quality. These two genotypes ETBW9045 (#10) and ETBW8065 (#6) are recommended for wide adaptation and for crossing. This study demonstrates success in wheat breeding for improved quality in bread wheat. The study also provides information on the combined stability of improved quality of the nationally important bread wheat genotypes. Therefore, the results of this study could be valuable for national bread wheat breeding programs to develop new varieties with high stable grain quality.
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SIAL, N. Y., M. FAHEEM, M. A. SIAL, A. R. ROONJHO, F. MUHAMMAD, A. A. KEERIO, M. ADEEL, S. ULLAH, Q. HABIB, and M. AFZAL. "EXOTIC WHEAT GENOTYPES RESPONSE TO WATER-STRESS CONDITIONS." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 54, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.7.
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Drought is the most devastating abiotic stress which has significantly threatened global wheat production. The recent study was designed to evaluate the performance of eight exotic wheat lines through the Drought Spring Bread Wheat Yield Trial (DSBWYT), along with a local drought-tolerant check cultivar, Khirman, under water-stressed conditions based on agronomic and yield-related traits. The experiment was conducted during cropping season 2019–2020 in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tando Jam, Pakistan. The analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference among the genotypes for all studied traits. The genotype DSBWYT-8 possessed better agronomic traits and growth features like early growth vigor and early ground cover. On the other hand, the genotype DSBWYT-4 performed better in yield and yield-related traits like main spike yield, grains per spike, and 1000-grains weight. Both genotype revealed excellent plot grain yield and harvest index and were not significantly different from each other. The cluster analysis grouped all the genotypes into three clades. The drought-tolerant local check cultivar Khirman clustered with genotypes DSBWYT-2, DSBWYT-4, and DSBWYT-8 thus, this clade can be regarded as drought tolerant. The second cluster comprised of two genotypes, i.e., DSBWYT-1 and DSBWYT-5, which performed relatively low as compared to genotypes present in the drought-tolerant cluster, whereas the genotypes DSBWYT-3, DSBWYT-6, and DSBWYT-7 clustered together to represent low yielding genotypes under drought condition as compared with the check cultivar Khirman. Based on these results, the genotypes DSBWYT-2, DSBWYT-4, and DSBWYT-8 can be recommended as the drought-tolerant genotypes.
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Friesen, Lyle F., Anita L. Brûlé-Babel, Gary H. Crow, and Patricia A. Rothenburger. "Mixed model and stability analysis of spring wheat genotype yield evaluation data from Manitoba, Canada." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 96, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2015-0252.
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In western Canada and in many agricultural areas around the world, new crop genotypes are evaluated over a number of locations and years in multi-environment trials (MET) to investigate yield, yield stability, agronomic, and quality characteristics, with the ultimate goal to predict future genotype performance in commercial fields. This evaluation informs decisions about the commercial value of new crop genotypes, with a primary user of this information being farmers. Currently in many regions of Canada as the first step in analysis of this MET data, values usually are expressed as a percentage of a designated check genotype value at each site-year (trial), usually followed by a relatively simplistic statistical analysis of this percentage data. There are a number of problems with this traditional approach including selection of an appropriate check genotype or genotypes, and the necessary consistent performance of the check genotype over a number of locations and years. Following the recent approach of other countries and jurisdictions, MET spring wheat genotype yield data (kg ha−1) that had been collected from 2000 to 2009 from various locations in Manitoba, Canada were subjected to mixed model statistical analysis. The results of the mixed model analysis compared very favourably to the historical traditional approach, and proved to be superior in situations such as a specific year in the dataset (2007) when the designated check genotype performed anomalously poorly. These results indicated that as little as five trial sites in a single year provided sufficient data for reliable prediction of a new genotype’s yield performance, given a background dataset comprised of approximately 45 spring wheat genotypes tested over eight years. The wheat genotype yield data also was subjected to estimation of several different stability measures to investigate differences in yield stability between genotypes in the dataset. Results indicated relatively stable yield performance for most genotypes over a range of site-years (environments).
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MAY, K. W., and R. J. MORRISON. "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PLOT BORDERS ON GRAIN YIELDS IN BARLEY AND WHEAT." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps86-006.
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Ten genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and 10 genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown with four types of plot borders (control, same genotype as the plot; unbordered; winter wheat; spring barley/wheat) to study the influence of plot borders on the ranking for yield of cereal genotypes. Plot yields increased as border competition decreased. However, the ranking of the different genotypes was not influenced by the type of plot border, except when a highly competitive barley genotype was used as a border with wheat. It was concluded that the type of plot border was of relatively little importance in selection for yield, as long as the border was not more competitive than the plot.Key words: Barley, wheat, plot borders, yield, plant competition, varietal ranking
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Rawson, HM, and JM Clarke. "Nocturnal Transpiration in Wheat." Functional Plant Biology 15, no. 3 (1988): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9880397.
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Over the night, stomata of wheat leaves took several hours to reach their most closed position and began to open some hours before dawn. The pattern and amount of night transpiration was changed by current vapour pressure deficit (VPD) but not by VPD or transpiration during the previous day. Mean night transpiration per unit VPD was unchanged by current VPD. Night transpiration of whole plants increased linearly with VPD though genotypes differed significantly in amount. The most profligate genotype transpired at 50 g m-2 leaf h-1 at a VPD of 30 mbar which was twice the rate of the most thrifty genotype. Attempts were made to estimate the proportion of night transpiration occurring through the stomata and the cuticle by three methods: comparisons of stressed and unstressed leaves, wilting patterns of detached leaves, and transpiration rates of detached leaves in ABA solutions. The methods gave equivalent rankings of the genotypes and similar absolute values for the 'cuticular component', which contributed 13-50% of total night transpiration. We conclude that transpiration could exceed 0.5 mm per night in unstressed crops, though this would be considerably reduced by selection of genotypes with both low cuticular and low stomatal transpiration.
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Uddin, Md Saleh, Md Sultan Alam, Nasrin Jahan, Kazi Md Wayaz Hossain, and Md Ali Newaz. "Genotype x environment interaction of wheat genotypes under salinity environments." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 3, no. 1 (April 14, 2017): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v3i1.32034.
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Genotypes x environment interaction as well as stability of performance were determined for grain yield and yield contributes of 12 wheat genotypes under four salinity levels of environments (control, 8, 12, 16 dS/m). Significant genotype-environment interaction (linear) for days to heading, plant height, number of spikes per plant and grains per spikes, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant at 1% level of probability when tested against pooled deviation. Both the environment (linear) and genotype x environment (linear) components of variation for stability were also significant indicating that prediction of the genotypes on the environment appeared feasible for all the characters. The variance due to pooled deviation was significant for only days to heading. Considering all the three stability parameter, genotype G11 was found most stable among all the genotypes for grain weight of wheat. Among the genotypes G11, G22, G24, G33 and G40 were most desirable for yield per plant. The genotype G32 showed more responsiveness to changing environment and was suited only for highly favorable environments. Based on three stability parameters, G11, G22 and G37 were the most stable and desirable genotypes with reasonable good yield among the all.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2017, 3(1): 38-43
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MEENA, S. L., and D. L. SPARKES. "Resource use efficiency of different wheat species under drought stress." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 9 (September 25, 2018): 1349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i9.83336.
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Genotypes of modern bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) produced significantly more grain yield over spelt (Triticum spelta L.) and emmer (Triticum dicoccum) genotypes of ancient wheat. Grain yield was more in bread wheat genotype than the spelt and emmer wheat species because of its higher harvest index. All three bread wheat genotypes had significantly higher harvest index over rest of genotypes while spelt had over both the genotypes of emmer wheat species. Grain/chaff ratio was the maximum in Einstein followed by Spelt, Xi19 and Claire. 1000-grain weight was higher in spelt followed by bread wheat and then emmer genotype. Einstein had maximum grain yield and harvest index among all genotypes. Water use efficiency was higher in emmer and spelt than bread wheat. The maximum water was transpired by Xi19 and least by Spelt SB in given period of time. Emmer and Emmer SB had maximum water-use efficiency followed by Spelt SB and then Einstein, Xi19 and Claire. The water-use efficiency ofEmmer, Emmer SB and Spelt SB were significantly higher over Claire. Emmer and spelt genotypes used irrigation water more efficiently than bread wheat genotypes. Linear regression between plant height and water used showed that emmer and emmer SB attained higher plant height consuming less quantity of water while it was reverse in bread wheat genotypes. The similar regression was observed for biomass production.The radiation-use efficiency of emmer and emmer SB were significantly higher over all three bread wheat, i.e. Einstein, Claire and Xi19 and Spelt SB.Traits highlighted to be useful, such as water and-radiation- use efficiencies, could be introgressed into modern bread wheat by making crosses with these related species.
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Biberdzic, Milan, Midrag Djordjevic, Sasa Barac, Nebojsa Deletic, and Slavisa Stojkovic. "Productivity of some winter wheat genotypes." Genetika 37, no. 2 (2005): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0502131b.
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Yields given by different genotypes are affected by many factors, but mostly by genotype, climatic conditions and applied growing practice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish productivity of many winter wheat genotypes in southern Serbia, through macro-trials. The results showed the difference of grain yield mean between the investigated seasons, and that difference amounted about 1300 kg/ha. The average yield was the highest in cultivars Toplica, Stamena, Evropa, NS-rana 5, and Renesansa. The lowest grain yield was given by cultivars Tina, Sara, Sreca, and Mina.
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Wardofa, Gadisa A., Hussein Mohammed, Dawit Asnake, and Tesfahun Alemu. "Genotype X Environment Interaction and Yield Stability of Bread Wheat Genotypes in central Ethiopia." Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 7, no. 2 (November 3, 2019): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/pbg.007.02.2847.
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The present study was conducted to interpret Genotype main effect and GEI obtained by AMMI analysis and group the genotype having similar response pattern over all environments. Fifteen bread wheat genotypes were evaluated by RCBD using four replications at six locations in Ethiopia. The main effect differences among genotypes, environments, and the interaction effects were highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) for the total variance of grain yield. Results of AMMI analysis of mean grain yield for the six locations showed significant differences (P0.001) among the genotypes, environments and GEI. The environment had the greatest effect with the environmental sum of squares (35.28%) than the genotypes (33.46%) and GEI (31.45%) effect. The AMMI analysis for the IPCA1 captured 46.1% and the IPCA2 explained 28.6%. The two IPC cumulatively captured 74.7% of the sum of square the GEI of bread wheat genotypes, when the IPCA1 was plotted against IPCA2. The genotype ETBW8075, ETBW8070 and ETBW9470 were unstable as they are located far apart from the other genotypes in the biplot when plotted on the IPCA1 and IPCA2 scores. The ETBW8078, ETBW8459, Hidase and ETBW8311 were genotype located near to the origin of the biplot which implying that it was stable bread wheat genotypes across environments. There is closer association between Lemu and ETBW8065 which indicate similar response of the genotypes to the environment. The best genotype with respect to location Kulumsa was ETBW9470, ETBW8075 was the best genotype for Dhera, ETBW8070 was the best genotype for Holeta while ETBW9466 was the best genotype for Arsi Robe. Arsi Robe and Kulumsa is the most favorable environment for all genotypes with nearly similar yield response for grain yield.
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Ellouze, Walid, Chantal Hamel, Asheesh K. Singh, Vachaspati Mishra, Ron M. DePauw, and Ron E. Knox. "Abundance of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal taxa associated with the roots and rhizosphere soil of different durum wheat cultivars in the Canadian prairies." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 64, no. 8 (August 2018): 527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2017-0637.
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Understanding the variation in how wheat genotypes shape their arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in a prairie environment is foundational to breeding for enhanced AM fungi–wheat interactions. The AM fungal communities associated with 32 durum wheat genotypes were described by pyrosequencing of amplicons. The experiment was set up at two locations in the Canadian prairies. The intensively managed site was highly dominated by Funneliformis. Genotype influenced the AM fungal community in the rhizosphere soil, but there was no evidence of a differential genotype effect on the AM fungal community of durum wheat roots. The influence of durum wheat genotype on the AM fungal community of the soil was less important at the intensively managed site. Certain durum wheat genotypes, such as Strongfield, Plenty, and CDC Verona, were associated with high abundance of Paraglomus, and Dominikia was undetected in the rhizosphere of the recent cultivars Enterprise, Eurostar, Commander, and Brigade. Genetic variation in the association of durum wheat with AM fungi suggests the possibility of increasing the sustainability of cropping systems through the use of durum wheat genotypes that select highly effective AM fungal taxa residing in the agricultural soils of the Canadian prairies.
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Rajkovic, S., and N. Dolovac. "Common bunt (Tilletia tritici) in different wheat genotypes." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 42, Special Issue (August 1, 2012): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6224-cjgpb.
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Bhoite, Roopali N., Ping Si, Katia T. Stefanova, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, and Guijun Yan. "Identification of new metribuzin-tolerant wheat (Triticum spp.) genotypes." Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 5 (2017): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17017.
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Herbicide-tolerant wheats are preferred for effective weed management. Rapid phenotyping and effective differential dose are vital for the identification of tolerant genotypes among large quantities of genetic resources. A sand-tray system has been developed to enable rapid assessment of metribuzin damage in wheat seedlings. In total, 946 wheat genotypes were evaluated for metribuzin tolerance by using this system under control and metribuzin-treated conditions. SPAD chlorophyll content index (CCI) offered a non-destructive and rapid analysis of leaf chlorophyll content in wheat seedlings. The application rate for 50% reduction in SPAD CCI (I50) was 3.2-fold higher in the current tolerant genotype (Eagle Rock) than the susceptible genotype Spear. A confirmed dose of 800 g a.i. ha–1 could differentiate between metribuzin-tolerant and -susceptible lines. The experimental design with two-directional blocking followed by statistical analysis to model the spatial variation was instrumental in selecting potential tolerant or susceptible genotypes. Metribuzin reduced chlorophyll by 51.4% in treated seedlings. The overall adjusted mean SPAD CCI ranged from 13.5 to 42.7 for control (untreated) plants and from 0.1 to 29.9 for treated plants. Through repeated validation, nine genotypes had higher chlorophyll content after metribuzin treatment and significantly (P < 0.05) outperformed the tolerant Eagle Rock, whereas 18 genotypes had significantly (P < 0.05) higher chlorophyll reduction than the susceptible Spear. The top five tolerant and susceptible genotypes were selected for a genetic study of metribuzin tolerance. Domesticated forms of tetraploid and hexaploid wheats had higher tolerance to metribuzin, which suggests that the level of domestication and higher ploidy level contributes to metribuzin tolerance. The new sources of tolerance will accelerate breeding for metribuzin tolerance.
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Galovic, Vladislava, Zorana Kotaranin, and Srbislav Dencic. "In vitro assessment of wheat tolerance to drought." Genetika 37, no. 2 (2005): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0502165g.
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Analyzed in this paper were the in vitro effects of drought stress in 13 genotypes of winter wheat, one genotype of spring wheat, and three Triticale genotypes of different geographic origin. Callus tissue was induced from immature zygotic embryos (10-15 days after pollination) on a modified MS nutrient medium. After two weeks, callus tissue was transplanted onto the same medium enriched with 5% high-molecular polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000), which was used as the stress agent to produce the effect of drought chemically. A control group of calluses was grown on an identical medium but without PEG. After four weeks of growing calluses on these mediums, we assessed callus mass survival ability of the genotypes before the transplantation as well as percentage reduction of callus fresh weight after the transplantation onto the nutrient medium with 5% PEG. Statistically significant differences were found among the genotypes in their response to the induced stress. The best survival ability before the transplantation was found in the genotype Mexicol20 (83%), while the lowest was recorded in Slavija (11.3%). Culture growing under stress conditions significantly reduced callus fresh weight in all of the genotypes. The lowest decrease of the callus mass relative to control was recorded in Rozofskaja (14.4%) and the highest in Miranovska (58.4%), indicating the genotypes' tolerance levels towards drought stress.
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Musilová, M., V. Trojan, T. Vyhnánek, and L. Havel. "Genetic variability for coloured caryopses in common wheat varieties determined by microsatellite markers." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 49, No. 3 (September 9, 2013): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/160/2012-cjgpb.
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Products made from wheat are the most important components of the human diet, and could also become a source of functional foods and feed ingredients, e.g. minerals, vitamins and/or phytochemicals. The caryopses of certain wheat genotypes contain antioxidants, i.e. anthocyanins or carotenoids, which cause purple, blue or yellow coloration. The first step before the introduction of these traits into individual wheat cultivars is the characterization of relationships and the possibility of new gene combinations. In this study, relationships among 24 genotypes with different types of caryopsis colour were investigated by means of microsatellite markers. Using 44 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers it was possible to detect a total of 184 alleles; on average, approximately 4 alleles were detected at a microsatellite locus. Using a set of 5 SSR markers (Xgwm636, Xbarc077, Xwmc262, Xgwm397 and Xwmc219) with PIC (polymorphic information content) values higher than 0.70, it was possible to differentiate among all the genotypes analysed. A dendrogram was created on the basis of all SSR markers, and showed that the genotypes were divided into two groups. Three, and one genotype with purple and blue caryopsis, respectively, belonged to one cluster, while the remaining twenty formed the second, greater cluster, which was subdivided into 2 sub-clusters: one of them involved genotypes with blue caryopses, and the other those with yellow and red caryopses. The genotype of tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum), as a possible donor of genes responsible for blue caryopses, was also classified. These results can be used in wheat breeding programmes aimed at the selection of functional foodstuffs.
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Kurnia, Theresa Dwi, Nugraheni Widyawati, Djoko Murdono, and Endang Pudjihartati. "KARAKTER AGRONOMI GENOTIPE GANDUM (Triticum Aestivum L.) PADA LAHAN TROPIS DATARAN RENDAH DI INDONESIA." Agric 28, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/agric.2016.v28.i1.p95-104.
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<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Development of tropical wheat that suitable to low altitude is important in Indonesia. Aims of the research was to determine agronomic traits and select of wheat genotypes adaptive to tropical lowland. Three years study was conducted by planting ten wheat genotypes in Tlogoweru village, Guntur Subdistrict, Demak, Central Java at the altitude + 20 meters above sea level, from 2013 to 2015. From ten wheat genotypes planted in 2013, five wheat genotypes were considered adaptive, i.e., ALTAR, BASRIBEY, LAJ3302, OASIS and SELAYAR. In 2014 four genotypes were selected, they are ALTAR, BASRIBEY, LAJ3302 and OASIS. Finnaly, in 2015 genotype ALTAR was prominent candidate for the lowland tropical wheat varieties in study site. Among genotypes ALTAR had highest plant height, seed weight per panicle, number of seeds per panicle, number of productive tillers and yield estimates.</p>
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Otayk, Soleman M. Al. "Response of some wheat genotypes to different salinity levels of Irrigated water." MAY 2020, no. 13(01): 2020 (May 20, 2020): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/poj.13.01.20.p2268.
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Salinity is one of the major constraints for crop production across the world. Saudi Arabia is dominated with desert environment with high salinity in the central region of the country. Therefore, salinity has a limiting factor for cereal crops in this region. The objective of this study was to assess the productivity and quality characters for some wheat (Triticum aestivum L) genotypes under different salinity levels of Irrigated water (control, 4000, 8000 ppm NaCl). The experiment was conducted during 2011 and 2012 seasons. The trial was conducted under greenhouse environmental condition at Qassim University Agricultural Research and Experimental Station during 2011 and 2012 seasons. Twenty wheat genotypes including: 5 genotypes from ICARDA, 7 genotypes from Pakistan, 5 Australian genotypes, one American genotype (Yocora Rojo), one Egyptian genotype (Sakha 93) and one local genotype (Sama) were used in this study. Results from wheat genotype trial showed a significant difference (p<0.05) for all traits due to increased salinity in irrigation water from 4000 to 8000 ppm. There was a significant difference between the varieties for plant height, 1000-kernel weight, number of kernels spike-1 and Na for grain and straw. The interaction effect was significant in number of spikes, 1000-kernel weight and Na for grain and hay and Na / K cereal. The results showed that Auqab 2000, Bhan 2000 and Shaka 93 have the highest yield at high level of salt and Sis 13, P2 and Local were the least in yield. Moreover, the results of principle component analysis (PCA) indicated that the superior wheat genotypes for grain yield under salt stress in the two seasons (Auqab 2000, Bhan 2000, Yocara Rojo and Sakha 93) are clustered in group D. These genotypes can be considered as salinity resistant varieties. The maximum reduction over control under salt stress was recorded in Australian genotypes (P6 and P9) and local genotype 'Sama'.
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Kadkol, Gururaj Pralhad, Jess Meza, Steven Simpfendorfer, Steve Harden, and Brian Cullis. "Genetic variation for fusarium crown rot tolerance in durum wheat." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): e0240766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240766.
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Tolerance to the cereal disease Fusarium crown rot (FCR) was investigated in a set of 34 durum wheat genotypes, with Suntop, (bread wheat) and EGA Bellaroi (durum) as tolerant and intolerant controls, in a series of replicated field trials over four years with inoculated (FCR-i) and non-inoculated (FCR-n) plots of the genotypes. The genotypes included conventional durum lines and lines derived from crossing durum with 2–49, a bread wheat genotype with the highest level of partial resistance to FCR. A split plot trial design was chosen to optimize the efficiency for the prediction of FCR tolerance for each genotype. A multi-environment trial (MET) analysis was undertaken which indicated that there was good repeatability of FCR tolerance across years. Based on an FCR tolerance index, Suntop was the most tolerant genotype and EGA Bellaroi was very intolerant, but some durum wheats had FCR tolerance indices which were comparable to Suntop. These included some conventional durum genotypes, V101030, TD1702, V11TD013*3X-63 and DBA Bindaroi, as well as genotypes from crosses with 2–49 (V114916 and V114942). The correlation between FCR tolerance and FCR-n yield predictions was moderately negative indicating it could be somewhat difficult to develop FCR-tolerant genotypes that are high yielding under low disease pressure. However, FCR tolerance showed a positive correlation with FCR-i yield predictions in seasons of high disease expression indicating it could be possible to screen for FCR tolerance using only FCR-i treatments. These results are the first demonstration of genetic diversity in durum germplasm for FCR tolerance and they provide a basis for breeding for this trait.
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AKBAR, F., G. SUBKHAN, Z. ALI, M. ALI, B. ALI, K. KHAN, S. ALI, et al. "EVALUATION OF STRESS SELECTION INDICES FOR MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 54, no. 5 (December 31, 2022): 1016–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.5.5.
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The research carried out under irrigated conditions during 2017–2018 estimated stress selection indices for morphological studies in wheat. Twenty wheat genotypes along with two checks (Pakhtunkhwa-2015 and Pirsabak-13) planted at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak Nowshera, Pakistan, had two sowing dates, i.e., regular plantation made on 24 November and late plantation on 25 December 2017, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Nine stress tolerance indices, viz., tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), harmonic mean (HM), stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress intensity (SI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), and yield stability index (YSI) served as the basis for computation on each trait and every genotype under stress and non-stress conditions. Grain yield demonstrated a positive relationship with MP, GMP, HM, and STI under stress and non-stress conditions, which can serve as a better indicator for testing tolerant wheat genotypes. Overall, the maximum value of MP, HM, GMP, and STI, for days to heading displayed in genotype CDRI-PV-1: 113.00, 112.12, 112.56, 1.30; days to maturity in genotype PS-28 with 151.00, 149.24, 150.11, 1.28; for plant height in genotype PS-28 with 108.00, 107.94, 107.88, 1.27: for grain yield in cultivar PS-34 with 3983.89, 3958.96, 3934.18, 2.25, and for biological yield in genotype PS-23 with 11250.00, 10999.44, 10754.46, and 1.80, which specify that they are most stable and tolerant genotypes across both the planting conditions. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for most traits. Based on stress selection indices and mean performance in this experiment, PS-23, PS-33, PS-34, and PS-28 genotypes showed the best performance, and genotype Inq-91/FS(f8) resulted as the most stable performance and tolerance in stress conditions compared with other genotypes in stress selection indices. These genotypes could be beneficial in future wheat breeding programs to enhance the grain yield stability in bread wheat.
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YILDIRIM, Mehmet, Ferhat KIZILGECI, Cuma AKINCI, and Onder ALBAYRAK. "Response of Durum Wheat Seedlings to Salinity." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 43, no. 1 (May 23, 2015): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4319708.
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Salinity is an important source of abiotic stress, limiting crop performance in most arid and semi-arid areas of the world. This research was conducted to determine the effects of salinity on physiological parameters of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes. The research was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory at the Agriculture Faculty of Dicle University. The study consisted of one durum wheat commercial cultivar, five local cultivars and four advanced genotypes. There were three replications in a split-plot experimental design. Genotypes were germinated in four NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 mM) in plastic boxes. There were statistically assured significant differences among the genotypes for all salt concentrations and all observed parameters (coleoptile length, seedling length, root length, seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight, seedling dry weight, root dry weight, germination rate and seedling vigor). There was significant decrease in all examined parameters depending on the increase of salt concentration. The ‘Sorgul’ genotype was most tolerant to salinity, in terms of root length and root dry weight, whereas ‘Altintoprak 98’ was most tolerant as measured by the impact of salinity on coleoptile length, seedling fresh weight, germination rate and seedling vigour. The ‘Beyaziye’ genotype was the most sensitive to salinity-induced stress. The results from this study demonstrated differences among durum wheat genotypes for seedling parameters measured in the presence of salinity stress.
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Zubair, Muhammad. "The performance of potential wheat genotypes across diverse environments of Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 58, no. 06 (November 1, 2021): 1769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/21.1226.
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In Pakistan, wheat used as a staple food that provides necessary nutrients and has a wide adaptation in different environments. A set of 18 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were tested at 23 different locations (Environments) in all over Pakistan. The AMMI biplot analysis was used to identify the genotypes performance across the environments and Genotype Environment Interaction (GEI). The G5 and G6 genotypes performed excellent across the 23 environments, therefore their yield performance are stable at all locations of Pakistan during 2015-16. While, G4, G5, G11, G17 performed very well at all locations during 2016-17. The performance of G5 genotype remains stable in both year of study at all locations so we strongly recommend for cultivation in any region of Pakistan. The G1 (E13), G16 (E14), G11 (E2), G3 & G5 (E18), G14 (E15, E19), and G7, G10 (E10) these genotypes perform well in specific environment and so respective genotypes recommended for specific region where performance remains excellent. The selection of ideal environment in which performance of genotypes are excellent. The three environments (E4, E1 and E10) are best environment in which all genotypes perform very well during both years of study
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Mohammadi, Mohtasham, Peyman Sharifi, and Rahmatollah Karimizadeh. "Stability Analysis of Durum Wheat Genotypes by Regression Parameteres in Dryland Conditions." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 5 (2014): 1049–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462051049.
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The objectives of this study were to estimate genotype × environment (GE) interaction effects and to determine the stable durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum Desf.) genotypes for grain yield in warm winter areas of Iran. Twenty durum wheat genotypes, including 18 experimental lines and two local checks were evaluated during three cropping seasons (2004–2006) at five research sites. The combined analysis of variance indicated that the main effects of location and genotype and interaction effects of genotype × year, genotype × location and genotype × year × location were highly significant for grain yield. GE interaction was analyzed using linear regression techniques. There was considerable variation for grain yield among both genotypes and environments. Stability was estimated using the Eberhart and Russell method. Stability analysis of grain yield in different environments showed that the variance of genotypes and genotypes × environment (linear) interactions were significant. Due to the stability analysis, genotype 12 (D68-1-93A-1A//Ruff/Fg/3/Mtl-5/4/Lahn) indicated relatively minimum value for S2d and a b-value close to unity and hence, it may be considered stable for grain yield in all of the environments. The results showed that G10 (Bcr//Memo/goo) also favor for its stability in high yielding environments. The broad sense heritability was 77%, indicating selection should give a good response for grain yield.
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Clarke, J. M., and R. M. DePauw. "Residue production of semidwarf and conventional wheat genotypes." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-099.
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Crop residues are important components of conservation tillage systems, but little information is available on genotypic differences in residue production, particularly with regard to the differences between semidwarf and conventional (tall) genotypes. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of genotype and environment on height and non-grain residue production of semidwarf and conventional-height wheat (Triticum spp.). Locally adapted semidwarf and conventional height common (T. aestivum L.) and durum (T. turgidum L. var. durum) wheat genotypes were grown in up to three environments (fallow, irrigation, and stubble) during the years 1983 to 1988, and 1991. Residue yields of semidwarf and conventional genotypes, and of short and tall conventional genotypes, were compared within and between wheat classes. Within classes, residue yield of semidwarf genotypes tended to be lower (P < 0.05) than that of conventional genotypes. Residue yield of the semidwarf HY320 from the high yielding Canada Prairie Spring class was similar to that of the conventional Canada Western Red Spring cultivar Neepawa. Within the conventional height group, the tallest genotypes tended to have higher residue yields than the shortest genotypes, although the differences were not consistent. Residue yield differences among genotypes were associated with variation in grain yield, plant height, and harvest index. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., T. turgidum L. var. durum, harvest index, plant height.
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Vyhnánek, T., and J. Bednář. "Detection of the varietal purity in sample of harvested wheat and triticale grains by prolamin marker." Plant, Soil and Environment 49, No. 3 (December 10, 2011): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4096-pse.
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In 1997 and 1998 we used samples of harvested grain to verify the possibility of distinguishing 14 winter wheat genotypes and six triticale genotypes and detecting the impurity on the basis of the detection of polymorphism of prolamin kernel proteins using the methods of the PAGE ISTA. On the basis of the identity index two sister prolamin lines with different percentage of participation, which was based on the weather conditions of the year of harvest, were discovered in seven wheat genotypes (Astella, Brea, Hana, Ilona, Siria, Sofia and Šárka) and two triticale genotypes (Tornádo and KM 779). A foreign genotype was detected in the Hana and Astella varieties. The identity index of the impurity to the Astella and Hana variety (i.e. ii = 0.28 and ii = 0.20, respectively) was considerably lower. In an unknown genotype (impurity) we detected the gliadin block Gld 1B3, which is the genetic marker of rye translocation T1BL.1RS, the Sr31 gene of resistance to black rust, higher cold resistance and the marker of poor baking quality (presence of secalin genes). The results proved the potential practical application of the method of electrophoretic detection of polymorphism of prolamin proteins as markers of impurities of foreign genotypes in a seed sample.
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Akcura, M., Y. Kaya, S. Taner, and R. Ayranci. "Parametric stability analyses for grain yield of durum wheat." Plant, Soil and Environment 52, No. 6 (November 17, 2011): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3438-pse.
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Grain yield of 15 durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes consisting of 13 cultivars and 2 advanced lines, tested in a randomized complete block design with four replications across 8 environments of Central Anatolian Region of Turkey was analyzed using nine parametric stability measures. The objectives were to assess genotype-environment interactions (GEI), determine stable genotypes, and compare mean grain yield with the parametric stability parameters. To quantify yield stability, nine stability statistics were calculated (b<sub>i</sub>, S<sup>2</sup><sub>di</sub>, R<sub>i</sub><sup>2</sup>, W <sub>i</sub><sup>2</sup>, σ<sub>i</sub><sup>2</sup>, S<sup>2</sup><sub>i</sub>, α<sub>i</sub> and λ<sub>i</sub>). Yilmaz-98, Cakmak-79, Kiziltan-91, Selcuklu-97 and C-1252 were more stable cultivars, which had 9, 8, 6, 6, 6 out of all 9 stability statistics used, respectively. Especially, among these cultivars, Yilmaz-98 and Cakmak-79 were the most stable cultivars. Furthermore, three-dimensional plots of mean response versus each stability statistic were shown to visually evaluate the yield potential and stability estimates of the genotypes. Genotype mean yield (–x) was significantly positively correlated to the regression coefficient (b<sub>i</sub>), environmental variance and genotype to the environmental effects (α<sub>i</sub>), indicating that high grain yielding genotypes had larger values b<sub>i</sub>, S<sup>2</sup><sub>i</sub>, and α<sub>i</sub>, S<sup>2</sup><sub>i</sub>, W <sub>i</sub><sup>2</sup>, CV<sub>i</sub>, α<sub>i</sub> and b<sub>i</sub>, were significantly correlated, indicating that they measured similar aspects of stability
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Putnik-Delic, Marina. "Resistance to Puccinia triticina at different stages of wheat." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 116 (2009): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0916183p.
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Ten wheat genotypes were tested for resistance characteristics to Puccinia triticina. Infection intensity in the field was evaluated at different growth stages, and time of spike appearance and leaf senescence were recorded. At seedling stage, under the controlled conditions of greenhouse, latency period, infection frequency and reaction type were determined. Resistance characteristics at different wheat growth stages were strongly correlated. Correlation coefficient between LP x RT x IF and AUDPC values, was 0.828. The highest coefficients of correlation between particular resistance characteristics and maximal intensity in the field were determined with the last evaluation in the field (0.665, 0.476 and 0.834). Time of spike appearance was very variable for different genotypes, whereas leaf senescence was recorded concomitantly for near all genotypes. The exception was Rusalka, as the most resistant in the field. All genotypes included in this three-year long experiment expressed stability with respect to infection intensity at different growth stages. Genotype Timson showed the highest level of resistance according to all tested characteristics, while genotype Pkb krupna showed the lowest.
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Bornhofen, Elesandro, Giovani Benin, Lindolfo Storck, Leomar Guilherme Woyann, Thiago Duarte, Matheus Giovane Stoco, and Sergio Volmir Marchioro. "Statistical methods to study adaptability and stability of wheat genotypes." Bragantia 76, no. 1 (March 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.557.
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ABSTRACT The sensitivity of wheat crop to environmental variations frequently results in significant genotype (G) x environment (E) interaction (GEI). We compared statistical methods to analyze adaptability and stability of wheat genotypes in value for cultivation and use (VCU) trials. We used yield performance data of 22 wheat genotypes evaluated in three locations (Guarapuava, Cascavel, and Abelardo Luz) in 2012 and 2013. Each trial consisted of a complete randomized block design with three replications. The GEI was evaluated using methodologies based on mixed models, analysis of variance, linear regression, multivariate, and nonparametric analysis. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to verify similarities in the genotype selection process by different methodologies. The Annicchiarico, Lin and Binns modified methodologies, as well as the Harmonic Mean of the Genetic Values (HMGV) allowed to identify simultaneously highly stable and productive genotypes. The grain yield is not associated with Wricke, Eberhart and Russell stability parameters, scores of the first principal component of the AMMI1 method, and GGE biplot stability, indicating that stable genotypes are not always more productive. The data analyzed in this study showed that the AMMI1 and GGE biplot methods are equivalent to rank genotypes for stability and adaptability.
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Firdausya, Andina Fabrini, Nurul Khumaida, and Dan Sintho Wahyuning Ardie. "Toleransi Beberapa Genotipe Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) Terhadap Kekeringan pada Stadia Perkecambahan." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 44, no. 2 (October 4, 2016): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v44i2.13484.
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ABSTRACT<br /><br />Drought is a major abiotic stress impeding wheat production world wide. Selection of potentially drought tolerant genotypes are necessary for wheat improvement. The objective of this study was to test the tolerance level of nine wheat genotypes to drought stress at germination stage. Assesment at germination stage using osmoticum solution is an effective method for selecting tolerant genotypes to drougt stress in a short period of time. The experiment was arranged on a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was wheat genotype consisted of Nias, Selayar, Dewata, H-20, Munal, SBD, SBR, S-03, and YMH. The second factor was concentration of PEG 6000 consisted of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%. Observation variables were germination percentage, shoot length, root length, number of root, number of leaf, seedling fresh weight, and seedling dry weight. Increasing level of PEG concentration inhibited the growth of wheat seedling. Based on the highes R2 value on the regression analysis, relative root length can be used as selection character. Based on RD50 value of relative root length, 15% PEG was determined concentration to select drought tolerant on wheat genotypes. Nias genotype was identified as tolerant genotype, while SBD, S-03, YMH, and Munal were identified as drought sensitive genotypes.<br /><br />Keywords: abiotic stress, osmotic potential, Polyethylene Glycol, RD50, relative root length
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Omrani, Ali, Saeed Omrani, Manoochehr Khodarahmi, Seyed Habib Shojaei, Árpád Illés, Csaba Bojtor, Seyed Mohammad Nasir Mousavi, and János Nagy. "Evaluation of Grain Yield Stability in Some Selected Wheat Genotypes Using AMMI and GGE Biplot Methods." Agronomy 12, no. 5 (May 7, 2022): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051130.
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Wheat Triticum aestivum L. is one of the most important agricultural products, and meets the highest nutritional needs of humans in various countries. This study aims to evaluate the compatibility and stability of 25 wheat genotypes for two crop years in five regions (Karaj, Qazvin, Isfahan, Varamin and Damavand) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of variance analysis in the additive main effects and multiplication interaction (AMMI) method showed that the effect of genotype and the genotype × environment interaction in the first, second, and mean two crop years had a significant difference at the level of one percent probability. Based on the results obtained from the first and second principal components, G8, G4 and G22 genotypes were identified as superior genotypes. Isfahan was an ideal environment for this study. The results obtained from the comparison of the Duncan method showed that G14, G12, and G1 genotypes had suitable ranks. Graphical analysis was used to study the genotypes of wheat and the environment, and the genotype × environment interaction. Based on the ranking genotypes in the first and second principal components and an average of two years, G2 and G21 genotypes were identified as high yielding, and G21 genotypes as stable. G18 and G23 genotypes were selected as the best genotypes in all three experimental periods, based on the multidimensional diagram. The results of the ideal genotype diagram were G12 and G21 genotypes; and based on the results of the ideal environment diagram, Damavand and Varamin environments were identified as ideal environments. AMM1 covered 69.6% and AMMI2 75.6% of the data variance in the first year of the experiment. In the second crop year, 78.1% of the total variance of the data was explained based on the AMMI1, and 71.1% based on the AMM2.
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Díaz De León, J., R. Escoppinichi, R. Zavala-Fonseca, T. Castellanos, M. Röder, and A. Mujeeb-Kazi. "Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of salt-tolerant wheat genotypes." Cereal Research Communications 38, no. 1 (March 2010): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/crc.38.2010.1.2.
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Ahmad, R., A. Tanveer, J. C. Stark, and T. Mustafa. "Yield Potential and Stability Indices as Methods to Evaluate Sprung Wheat Genotypes under Drought." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 4, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol4iss2pp53-59.
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Selection for drought tolerance typically involves evaluating genotypes for either high yield potential or stable performance under varying degrees of water stress. Field Studies were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to assess methods for evaluating genotypes with combined high yield potential and stability, in both years, 12 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum. L.) genotypes were grown under two irrigation levels (well-watered and stressed) imposed between tillering and anthesis with a line-source sprinkler irrigation system. Drought susceptibility index (the ratio of the yield of genotype in drought to the yield of the same genotype in well watered conditions standardized by the mean yield of all genotypes in drought and well watered conditions) and relative yield (yield of an individual genotype under drought divided by the yield of the highest yielding individual genotype in a population under drought) values were used to describe yield stability and yield potential of the 12 spring wheat genotypes. There were year-to-year variations in drought susceptibility index (DSI) and relative yield (RY) values within genotypes and changes in genotypic rankings within years. The DSI values ranged from 0.42 to 1.24 in 1992 and from 0.51 to 1.59 in 1993. The mean RY were 0.79 and 0.86 in 1992 and 1993, respectively. The DSI did not provide a good indication of yield potential as some genotypes has DSI < 1 but RY lower than average under water-stressed conditions. The RY (higher than average) under water stress was a good indicator of yield potential of a genotype per se but gave no indication of yield stability. The plots of DSI vs. RY values were found useful in identifying genotypes with high yield potential and relatively stable yield performance under different moisture regimes.
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Uddin, MS, N. Jahan, and MA Monim. "Growth and salinity tolerance of wheat genotypes at early vegetative stage." Progressive Agriculture 28, no. 1 (June 9, 2017): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v28i1.32853.
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Growth and salinity tolerance study of wheat genotypes were conducted at regional agricultural research station to evaluate the selected wheat genotypes against salinity and to classify the wheat genotypes in different salt tolerant group. The experiment was carried out with 12 wheat genotypes under semi-controlled environment (inside plastic greenhouse) and natural light in a randomized complete block (RCBD).The materials were evaluated under control (non-saline) and 16 dS/m salinity level. A significant variation among the genotypes was observed for shoot length under both environments. The lowest reduction (2%) was found from G11 followed by G40 (4%). The genotypes showed differences in production of total shoot dry matter (TDM) at both non-saline and saline conditions. The relative TDM per plant (% TDM to control condition) appears that three genotypes (G24, G33and G40) produced 90% RTDM. Salt tolerant genotype was found to be less affected at high salinity and could be produced better TDM compared to other genotypes. Three genotypes G24, G33 and G40 exhibited tolerant category. The distribution pattern of the genotypes into various salinity tolerance groups indicates that the overall pattern of behaviors of the genotypes tested remain fairly constant under two methods (based on RTDM and visual scoring).Progressive Agriculture 28 (1): 12-17, 2017
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Chachar, Zaid, N. A. Chachar, Q. I. Chachar, S. M. Mujtaba, G. A. Chachar, and Sadaruddin Chachar. "IDENTIFICATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANT WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 2 (February 29, 2016): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i2.2016.2830.
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Climate change is emerging phenomena and causing frequent drought which lead to scaricity of water, which ultimately nagetively affecting wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) yield all around the world. The aim of this study was to explore the potential deought tolerant wheat genotypes for candidate genes exploration. This study was conducted during the year 2014-2015 at Plant Physiology Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA) Tandojam. The six wheat genotypes (cv. MT-1/13, MT-2/13, MT-3/13, MT-4/13 Chakwal-86 and Khirman) were investigated for their response at germination and seedling stage under different water stress treatments (0, -0.5, -0.75 and -1.0 MPa) in controlled conditions. The results of experiments with reference to genotypes revealed that genotype Chakwal-86 shows maximum seed germination (82.58 %), while the genotype Khirman shows maximum shoot length (7.23 cm), root length (15.1 cm), shoot fresh wt. (5.85 g 10-1shoots), root fresh wt. (3.45 g 10-1roots), shoot dry wt. (1.33 g 10-1shoots), root dry wt. (0.69 g 10-1roots). Among the genotypes tested Khirman and MT-4/13 are the tolerant genotypes had the potential to perform better under drought conditions, whereas MT-4/13 and Chakwal-86 were moderate tolerant under water stress conditions. Moreover, the genotypes i.e. MT-1/13 and MT-2/13 are the sensitive genotypes under drought environment. It is concluded from present in-vitro studies that osmotic stress significantly reduced the seed germination shoot/root length fresh and dry weight in all six wheat genotypes. The maximum reduction was found at higher osmotic stress induced by PEG-6000 (-1.0 MPa) significantly.
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György, Andrea, Beáta Tóth, Judit Óvári, and László Cseuz. "Population structure and genetic association studies in wheat." Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 5, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2016): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2016.1-2.44-47.
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To define genetic diversity and population structure among a collection of wheat cultivars and lines of mainly European origin, Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) technology was used to characterize a population of 95 bread wheat genotypes. In total, 860 of 960 tested markers were polymorphic and could be used for further analysis. Four subgroups of wheat genotypes were identified using Neighbor Joining (NJ) cluster analysis. Two of this subgroups comprised mainly varieties from Hungarian breeding programs (GrI, GrII); one subgroup contained varieties from Western Europe (Grill) and one contained varieties with various origin (GrIV). GrI mainly contained genotypes originated from crosses including GK Kincső (Arthur 71/Sava) as one of the parents, or derivatives of this genotype. The results of this study should provide valuable information for future association mapping studies using this wheat collection. Furthermore, the genetic diversity and distance data combined with specific genotype data can be used by breeders to guide selection of crossing parents.
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Ohki, Takehiro, Osamu Netsu, Hisayo Kojima, Junichi Sakai, Masatoshi Onuki, Tetsuo Maoka, Yukio Shirako, and Takahide Sasaya. "Biological and Genetic Diversity of Wheat yellow mosaic virus (Genus Bymovirus)." Phytopathology® 104, no. 3 (March 2014): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-13-0150-r.
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The biological and genetic diversity of Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) isolates in Japan was characterized. On the basis of wheat cultivar reactions, 14 WYMV isolates from various places were classified into pathotypes I, II, or III. These were distributed in central, northern, and southern areas of Japan, respectively. WYMV isolates comprised three genotypes (A, A′ and B) based on amino acid differences in RNA1 and two genotypes (a and b) based on amino acid differences in RNA2. A correlation was found between the WYMV RNA1-based genotype and pathotype, suggesting that factors associated with pathogenicity map to RNA1. Genotype Aa and A′a were distributed mainly in the central to southern areas of Japan, and genotype Bb was found in northern areas of Japan, as shown by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Chinese isolates YA and YZ were closely related to genotypes Bb and Aa, respectively. Wheat was introduced from China to Japan in the 4th and 5th centuries, and the two genotypes of WYMV might also have been introduced with the crop from China and later adapted to local wheat cultivars in Japan.
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Valizadeh, G. R., Z. Rengel, and A. W. Rate. "Wheat genotypes differ in growth and phosphorus uptake when supplied with different sources and rates of phosphorus banded or mixed in soil in pots." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 8 (2002): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01087.
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The growth response of wheat genotypes supplied with phosphorus fertiliser at different rates (banded or mixed throughout the soil) and sparingly soluble phosphorus sources (aluminium phosphate and iron phosphate) is not known. Eleven wheat genotypes and 1 rye genotype were tested at 3 rates of phosphorus fertiliser application (5, 10 and 20 mg P/kg soil) in a pot study. Another experiment compared 4 wheat genotypes at 2 rates of phosphorus application (deficient and sufficient) and 2 application methods (banding and mixing throughout the soil). The selected wheat genotypes were also used to investigate growth and root exudation response to iron phosphate and aluminium phosphate supply. Banding of phosphorus fertiliser increased the uptake of phosphorus and wheat growth compared with mixing phosphorus throughout the soil. Wheat genotypes did not differ significantly in growth and phosphorus uptake at the low rate of application. With increasing rates of phosphorus supply, the 2 phosphorus-fertiliser-responsive wheat genotypes (Wawht 2074 and Aroona) had significantly increased phosphorus uptake and root and shoot weights. When supplied with aluminium phosphate and iron phosphate, the 2 phosphorus-fertiliser-responsive genotypes had larger roots and higher concentration of phosphorus in the shoots and roots, while the phosphorus utilisation-efficient wheat genotypes (Westonia and Gutha) had higher shoot weights than phosphorus fertiliser-responsive ones. All wheat genotypes produced quantitatively and qualitatively similar root exudates in the iron phosphate, aluminium phosphate and zero-phosphorus treatments. The aluminium phosphate treatment caused genotypes to increase root exudation of oxalic anions, uptake of phosphorus and growth, compared with the iron phosphate treatment. It was concluded that the choice of genotypes for achieving increased wheat growth would depend on the phosphorus source in soil and the rate of application of phosphorus fertiliser.
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Ahmad, Ali, Zubair Aslam, Talha Javed, Sadam Hussain, Ali Raza, Rubab Shabbir, Freddy Mora-Poblete, et al. "Screening of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance through Agronomic and Physiological Response." Agronomy 12, no. 2 (January 23, 2022): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020287.
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Water scarcity is a major challenge to wheat productivity under changing climate conditions, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. During recent years, different agronomic, physiological and molecular approaches have been used to overcome the problems related to drought stress. Breeding approaches, including conventional and modern breeding, are among the most efficient options to overcome drought stress through the development of new varieties adapted to drought. Growing drought-tolerant wheat genotypes may be a sustainable option to boost wheat productivity under drought stress conditions. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim to screen different wheat genotypes based on stress tolerance levels. For this purpose, eleven commonly cultivated wheat genotypes (V1 = Akbar-2019, V2 = Ghazi-2019, V3 = Ujala-2016, V4 = Zincol-2016, V5 = Anaj-2017, V6 = Galaxy-2013, V7 = Pakistan-2013, V8 = Seher-2006, V9 = Lasani-2008, V10 = Faisalabad-2008 and V11 = Millat-2011) were grown in pots filled with soil under well-watered (WW, 70% of field capacity) and water stress (WS, 35% of field capacity) conditions. Treatments were arranged under a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. Data on yield and yield-related traits (tillers/plant, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, 100 grain weight, seed and biological yield) and physio-biochemical (chlorophyll contents, relative water content, membrane stability index, leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content) attributes were recorded in this experiment. Our results showed that drought stress significantly affected the morpho-physiological, and biochemical attributes in all tested wheat varieties. Among the genotypes, all traits were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in wheat genotype Faisalabad-2008, including biological yield (9.50 g plant−1) and seed yield (3.39 g plant−1), which was also proven to be more drought tolerant than the other tested genotypes. The higher biological and grain yield of genotype Faisalabad-2008 was mainly attributed to greater numbers of tillers/plant and spikelets/spike compared to the other tested genotypes. The wheat genotype Galaxy-2013 had significantly lower biological (7.43 g plant−1) and seed yield (2.11 g plant−1) than all other tested genotypes, and was classified as a drought-sensitive genotype. For the genotypes, under drought stress, biological and grain yield decreased in the order V10 > V2 > V1 > V4 > V7 > V11 > V9 > V8 > V3 > V6. These results suggest that screening for drought-tolerant genotypes may be a more viable option to minimize drought-induced effects on wheat in drought-prone regions.
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Pandey, Deepak, Hemant Kumar Chaudhari, Shesh Raman Upadhyay, Nutan Raj Gautam, Bhakti Ram Ghimire, Jiban Shrestha, and Dhruba Bahadur Thapa. "Participatory on-farm evaluation of wheat genotypes." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 2, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 312–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v2i1.26096.
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In wheat development programs, the evaluation and identification of superior genotypes is the first and leading step in a crop improvement program. Coordinated Farmer’s Field Trial (CFFT) was conducted during the three successive wheat growing season of 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13. In CFFT six different wheat genotypes were planted in different outreach sites of research stations of Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) at varying geographical regions. CFFT was conducted according to standard recommended practices of wheat at farmers’ field with different sets of genotypes for Terai and hill. In CFFT for Terai Tar and Lower valley (TTL) under timely sown irrigated (TSI) condition wheat genotype NL 1073 produced the grain yield of 3695 kg/ha and under the timely sown rainfed (TSR) that was 2738 kg/ha in 2010/11. In 2011/12, wheat genotype NL 1073 had the highest recorded grain yield of 3691 kg/ha in mid western region which was followed by check variety Vijay in CFFT-TTL in 2011/12 in the same region. Similarly in 2012/13, check variety Vijay showed the highest grain yield of 3818 kg/ha and 3044 kg/ha followed by NL 1094 (2938 kg/ha and 3468 kg/ha) in TSR and TSI environments, respectively. In CFFT for Mid and High Hill (MHH) WK 1204 had the highest grain yield of 3967 kg/ha in TSI which was followed by NL 1008 with the yield of 3890 in 2010/11. In 2011/12 the highest mean grain yield was observed in WK 1204 (4242 kg/ha) followed by BL 3872 (3922 kg/ha). Similarly, in 2012/13 NL 1008 was the best genotypes on the basis of grain yield (3297 kg/ha) followed by NL 1055 (3131 kg/ha) under CFFT-MHH.
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Cséplö, M., M. Csösz, M. Gál, O. Veisz, and G. Vida. "Seedling resistance to Stagonospora nodorum blotch in wheat genotypes." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 49, No. 2 (May 16, 2013): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/69/2011-cjgpb.
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In two independent experiments set up in the greenhouse the seedling resistance to Stagonospora nodorum blotch was investigated in 92 varieties, breeding lines and genotypes with a known genetic background. The greatest area under the disease progress curve calculated from lesion type was 37.06, while in the case of the most resistant genotype this value was 0.38. Many of the lines and varieties bred in Martonvásár proved to have excellent resistance in terms of both percentage of infected leaf area and lesion type. Observations indicate that, depending on the aim of the experiment, the efficient selection of breeding lines is possible in the seedling stage either on the basis of the area under the disease progress curve calculated for lesion types, or on the basis of lesion types scored 7, 11 or 14 days after inoculation.
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RACZ, Ionut, Diana HIRISCAU, Rozalia KADAR, and Ioana BERINDEAN. "PHENOTYPIC RESPONSE OF SPRING WHEAT PERSPECTIVE LINE GENOTYPES TO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS." LIFE SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 3, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.58509/lssd.v3i2.211.
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Spring wheat can be a viable alternative for satisfying the agri-food market. A performant genotype is characterized by high adaptability to different environmental conditions, high grain yield capacity, and yield stability. Three new spring wheat genotypes created at Agricultural Research and Development Station from Turda were tested in six different field conditions at the State Institute for Testing and Registration of Varieties Centres for plant physiological attributes, yield, and quality indices in comparation with Pădureni variety. Regarding the vegetation period, the new spring wheat varieties have the same growing season as the control genotype, with minor differences being observed for the generative stage. Thousand kernel weight has a large variability between test centers for all studied genotypes and in the hectolitre weight and grain yield. Based on the correlation coefficient the rainfalls from the second decade of May have a positive influence on the grain yield level, respectively the rainfalls from the second decade of June influenced negative hectolitre weight. Compared to the control genotype- Pădureni- the three new genotypes are productively superior with 21 to 33%. The quality indices for studied spring wheat genotypes are close to the control genotype which means that improvement of grain yield was achieved without sacrificing its quality.
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Jahan, Eisrat, Jeffrey S. Amthor, Graham D. Farquhar, Richard Trethowan, and Margaret M. Barbour. "Variation in mesophyll conductance among Australian wheat genotypes." Functional Plant Biology 41, no. 6 (2014): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp13254.
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CO2 diffusion from substomatal intercellular cavities to sites of carboxylation in chloroplasts (mesophyll conductance; gm) limits photosynthetic rate and influences leaf intrinsic water-use efficiency (A/gsw). We investigated genotypic variability of gm and effects of gm on A/gsw among eleven wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under light-saturated conditions and at either 2 or 21% O2. Significant variation in gm and A/gsw was found between genotypes at both O2 concentrations, but there was no significant effect of O2 concentration on gm. Further, gm was correlated with photosynthetic rate among the 11 genotypes, but was unrelated to stomatal conductance. The effect of leaf age differed between genotypes, with gm being lower in older leaves for one genotype but not another. This study demonstrates a high level of variation in gm between wheat genotypes; 0.5 to 1.0 μmol m−2 s−1 bar−1. Further, leaf age effects indicate that great care must be taken to choose suitable leaves in studies of genotypic variation in gm and water-use efficiency.
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Mahpara, Shahzadi, Aleena Zainab, Rehmat Ullah, Salma Kausar, Muhammad Bilal, Muhammad Imran Latif, Muhammad Arif, et al. "The impact of PEG-induced drought stress on seed germination and seedling growth of different bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): e0262937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262937.
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Wheat is an important crop, used as staple food in numerous countries around the world. However, wheat productivity is low in the developing world due to several biotic and abiotic stresses, particularly drought stress. Non-availability of drought-tolerant wheat genotypes at different growth stages is the major constraint in improving wheat productivity in the developing world. Therefore, screening/developing drought-tolerant genotypes at different growth stages could improve the productivity of wheat. This study assessed seed germination and seedling growth of eight wheat genotypes under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced stress. Two PEG-induced osmotic potentials (i.e., -0.6 and -1.2 MPa) were included in the study along with control (0 MPa). Wheat genotypes included in the study were ‘KLR-16’, ‘B6’, ‘J10’, ‘716’, ‘A12’, ‘Seher’, ‘KTDH-16’, and ‘J4’. Data relating to seed germination percentage, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoot, root/shoot length ratio and chlorophyll content were recorded. The studied parameters were significantly altered by individual and interactive effects of genotypes and PEG-induced osmotic potentials. Seed germination and growth parameters were reduced by osmotic potentials; however, huge differences were noted among genotypes. A reduction of 32.83 to 53.50% was recorded in seed germination, 24.611 to 47.75% in root length, 37.83 to 53.72% in shoot length, and 53.35 to 65.16% in root fresh weight. The genotypes, ‘J4’, ‘KLR-16’ and ‘KTDH-16’, particularly ‘J4’ better tolerated increasing osmotic potentials compared to the rest of the genotypes included in the study. Principal component analysis segregated these genotypes from the rest of the genotypes included in the study indicated that these can be used in the future studies to improve the drought tolerance of wheat crop. The genotype ‘J4’ can be used as a breeding material to develop drought resistant wheat genotypes.
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Kokhmetova, A. М., Sh Ali, Z. Sapakhova, and M. N. Atishova. "Identifcation of genotypescarriers of resistance to tan spot Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in common wheat collection." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 22, no. 8 (January 3, 2019): 978–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj18.440.
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Pyrenophora tritici-repentis(Ptr) is the causative agent of tan spot, one of the yield limiting diseases of wheat, rapidly increasing in wheat growing countries including Kazakhstan. The aim of this study was the identifcation of wheat genotypes with resistance to Ptr race 1 and race 5 and their hostselective effectors (toxins) Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB. A common wheat collection of 41 accessions (38 experimental and 3 controls) was characterized using the molecular markersXfcp623andXBE444541, diagnostic for theTsn1andTsc2genes conferring sensitivity to fungal toxins. The coincidence of the markerXBE444541with resistance to race 5 was 92.11 %, and with Ptr ToxB, 97.37 %. Genotyping results using the markerXfcp623confrmed the expected response to Ptr ToxA; the presence/absence of the markerXfcp623completely (100 %) coincided with sensitivity/resistance to race 1 and Ptr ToxA. This demonstrates the reliability of the diagnostic markerXfcp623for identifying wheat genotypes with resistance to the fungus and insensitivity to Ptr ToxA. The study of the reaction of wheat germplasm to the fungal inoculation and toxin infltration showed that out of 38 genotypes analyzed 30 (78 %) exhibited resistance to both race 1 and race 5, and insensitivity to toxins Ptr ToxA and ToxB. Of most signifcant interest are eight wheat genotypes that showed resistance/insensitivity both to the two races and two toxins. The results of phenotyping were reconfrmed by the molecular markers used in this study. Sensitivity to Ptr ToxB is not always correlated with susceptibility to race 5 and is dependent on the host’s genetic background of the wheat genotype, i. e. on a specifc wheat genotype. The results of the study are of interest for increasing the efciency of breeding based on the elimination of the genotypes with the dominant allelesTsn1andTsc2sensitive to the toxins Ptr ToxA and ToxB. The genotypes identifed will be used in wheat breeding for resistance to tan spot.