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1

Leckie, Dale A., Hugh Morgans, G. J. Wilson, and A. R. Edwards. "Mid-Paleocene dropstones in the Whangai Formation, New Zealand—evidence of mid-Paleocene cold climate?" Sedimentary Geology 97, no. 3-4 (July 1995): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(95)00016-2.

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Rabe, Claudio, Raul Correa Rechden Filho, Jesus Pastor Salazar, Fernando Della Pasqua, Giovanni Chaves Stael, and Luiz Antonio Pierantoni Gamboa. "Brittleness modeling selects optimum stimulation zone in shaly source rocks in the Whangai Formation, New Zealand." AAPG Bulletin 105, no. 2 (February 2021): 329–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/07202018194.

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3

Rogers, Karyne M., Hugh E. G. Morgans, and Gary S. Wilson. "Identification of a Waipawa Formation equivalent in the upper Te Uri Member of the Whangai Formation ‐ implications for depositional history and age." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 44, no. 2 (June 2001): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2001.9514943.

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양은희. "Towards ‘Korean Cosmopolitanism’: Kim Whanki and Whanki Museum." Korean Journal of Arts Studies ll, no. 19 (March 2018): 279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.20976/kjas.2018..19.013.

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Blattner, Katharina, Garry Nixon, Chrystal Jaye, and Susan Dovey. "Introducing point-of-care testing into a rural hospital setting: thematic analysis of interviews with providers." Journal of Primary Health Care 2, no. 1 (2010): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc10054.

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INTRODUCTION: Hauora Hokianga Enterprises Trust, an integrated Primary Health Organisation (PHO), which provides primary and intermediate/secondary care to a remote rural community, introduced point-of-care (POC) testing at Rawene Hospital in June 2008. Previously, all laboratory tests were undertaken in Whangarei, with a one to three day turn-around for results. This study aimed to identify the perceived impact of POC testing on clinicians and the community. METHOD: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 13 health professionals working at Rawene Hospital. The qualitative data analysis computer programme Atlas.ti v5.2 was used to assist the thematic analysis. FINDINGS: Three overall themes captured the main issues with introducing POC testing: (1) POC testing increased clinicians’ confidence, certainty and assurance in their daily practice; (2) POC testing improved diagnostic certainty and this impacted on patients and their families/whanau; (3) the challenges associated with POC testing included increased workload, pressure to up-skill, over-testing, and continuing professional education gaps. CONCLUSION: POC testing is an invaluable technological adjunct for improving clinical decisions and culturally safe care provided to a remote rural community, but it brings challenges to care providers in managing higher workloads and pressures to up-skill. POC testing can improve the acute medical care (access and quality) provided to an economically-deprived, predominantly Maori, rural community. KEYWORDS: Hospitals, rural; point-of-care systems; rural health
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Macdonald, Margaret. "A Year in Whangarei." British Journal of Perioperative Nursing (United Kingdom) 13, no. 1 (January 2003): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045890301300105.

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Ever felt like spreading your wings and exploring nursing in a place or culture very different from your own? Margaret Macdonald shows us that it can be done and that many worthwhile experiences can be obtained, allowing a fresh perspective on our own healthcare system.
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7

Supp, Georg. "Ra whanau koa." physiopraxis 11, no. 04 (April 24, 2013): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1345281.

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8

Turner, Wayne. "You Are My Whanau." Energy Engineering 107, no. 3 (March 2010): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01998591009709873.

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Turner, Wayne. "You Are My Whanau." Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment 29, no. 4 (March 11, 2010): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10485231009709878.

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Laszlo, J., M. Jefferies, and C. Patel. "East Grinstead and Whanau." British Dental Journal 229, no. 12 (December 2020): 761–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-2518-2.

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11

Clark, P. J., P. G. Long, and K. C. Harrington. "Mycorrhizal fungi in Whangarei avocado orchards." New Zealand Plant Protection 55 (August 1, 2002): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2002.55.3980.

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Hokowhitu, Brendan. "Understanding Whangara: ‘Whale Rider’ as Simulacrum." MEDIANZ: Media Studies Journal of Aotearoa New Zealand 10, no. 2 (2007): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/medianz-vol10iss2id65.

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13

Hutchison, Abigail. "The Whanganui River as a Legal Person." Alternative Law Journal 39, no. 3 (September 2014): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x1403900309.

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14

Choi, Jin-Ho, ByulHaNa Lee, Mengmeng Gu, Ug-Yong Lee, Myung-Su Kim, Seok-Kyu Jung, and Hyun-Sug Choi. "Course of fruit cracking in ‘Whansan’ pears." Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 61, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13580-019-00200-1.

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15

Spencer, Gregory, and Jeremy Skipworth. "Forcing Family Involvement in Patient Care: Legislative and Clinical Issues." Australasian Psychiatry 15, no. 5 (October 2007): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10398560701435838.

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Objective: Families have an important role in the recognition and treatment of mental illness in their family members. However, the extent to which families are consulted during compulsory assessment processes has received little attention. In 2000, mandatory family/whanau consultation was introduced in New Zealand. This paper reviews the extent of family consultation during compulsory assessment and surveys clinicians’ views and experience. Method: All applications for compulsory assessment in a representative sample of districts were audited over a 2-month period. An email survey of clinicians investigated changes in their practice since the introduction of mandatory family consultation, their views and training experiences. Results: A total of 283 compulsory assessments were audited; 187 (66.1%) family/whanau consultations occurred and were completed by the assessing doctor 82.1% of the time. Of the remaining assessments, 12 did not appear consistent with the legally permitted exceptions to mandatory consultation. Some 88.6% of clinicians were aware of the legislative requirements about consultation. A significant percentage (54.7%) believed their practices had altered following legislative change. Conclusion: Family/whanau consultation occurred in the majority of compulsory assessments. The introduction of mandatory consultation with family/whanau may have improved clinical practice in this regard, although training and guidelines issued at a similar time are also likely to have contributed to the change in practice.
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Chen, Bin, Quan Yuan, and Ji Luo. "Fiber-Spiral Microstructures of Bamboo and Biomimetic Research." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.657.

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The microstructures of a whangee (a kind of bamboo) were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It showed that the whangee is a kind of natural cellular biocomposite consisting of countless bamboo cells. The bamboo cells are columnar and all of them are parallel with the surface of the bamboo. The observation also showed that the walls of the bamboo cell are a kind of fiber-reinforced biocomposite with bamboo fiber-spiral mcirstructure. Based on the SEM observation, a kind of biomimetic composite with the fiber-spiral structure was fabricated. The fracture toughness of the composite was investigated and compared with that of the conventional composite with parallel-fiber structure. It showed that the fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite is markedly larger than that of the conventional composite.
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Rāwiri, Āneta Hinemihi. "Te Awa Tupua, Indigenous Law and Decolonisation." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 53, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 431–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v53i3.7998.

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Worldwide, Indigenous peoples are building an emerging area of law which can be described as Indigenous jurisprudence. Indigenous jurisprudence is firmly grounded in a legal philosophy that conveys an Indigenous consciousness of all life existing as expressions of sacred life energy. All life, including people, are also children and grandchildren of Grandfather Universe and Grandmother Earth. All life are therefore close and revered kin who coexist interdependently. This article describes the Indigenous law that underpins the Te Awa Tupua Agreement. For Whanganui Iwi, the agreement is a first step towards decolonising New Zealand and its nation state. Decolonisation will be achieved when the natural world determines New Zealand's constitutional framework, and New Zealand's nation state and our Whanganui Iwi nationhood—and our respective legal and governance systems—coexist interdependently.
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18

McMenamin, John, Rick Nicholson, and Ken Leech. "Patient Dashboard: the use of a colour-coded computerised clinical reminder in Whanganui regional general practices." Journal of Primary Health Care 3, no. 4 (2011): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc11307.

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INTRODUCTION: Clinical reminders have been shown to help general practice achieve an increase in some preventive care items, especially if they identify a patient’s eligibility for the target item, prompt clinicians at the right time, provide a fast link to management tools and facilitate clinical recording. WRPHO has introduced the Patient Dashboard clinical reminder and monitored its impact on health targets. Aim: This paper reports the impact of a computerised colour-coded clinical reminder on achieving agreed health targets in Whanganui regional practices. METHODS: Patient Dashboard was developed from previous versions in Auckland and Northland and provided to Whanganui regional practices with Primary Health Organisation (PHO) support. The Dashboard was linked with existing and new clinical management tools which automatically updated clinical records. Data from practices was pooled by Whanganui Regional Primary Health Organisation and target achievement rates reported over 15 months. RESULTS: Over the initial 15 months of Patient Dashboard use, recording of smoking status increased from 74% to 82% and of alcohol use from 15% to 47%. Screening for diabetes increased from 62% to 74%, cardiovascular risk assessment from 20% to 43%, cervical screening from 71% to 79%, and breast screening from 60% to 80%. DISCUSSION: Patient Dashboard was associated with increased performance indicators both for those targets which were part of a PHO programme and for targets without additional support. KEYWORDS: Reminder systems; quality indicators, health care; preventive health services; mass screening
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19

Lynes, Laura Shay. "Rights of Nature and Legal Personhood to Bison in Canada." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 114 (2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2021.13.

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Laura Shay Lynes's presentation focused on the rights of nature and the extent to which it could be used in climate change litigation. One prominent example is the grant of legal personhood to the Whanganui River in New Zealand.
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20

Conway, Kim, Megan Tunks, Wendy Henwood, and Sally Casswell. "Te Whanau Cadillac—A Waka for Change." Health Education & Behavior 27, no. 3 (June 2000): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019810002700308.

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21

Talapusi, Faautu. "I am the Whanua, a Poetic Meditation." Ecumenical Review 60, no. 4 (October 2008): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-6623.2008.tb00677.x.

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22

Bauer, Winnifred. "The Wanganui/Whanganui Debate: A Linguist's View of Correctness." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 42, no. 2 (August 1, 2011): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v42i2.5138.

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A decision was taken in 2009 by the Minister of Land Information that the official spelling of the city formerly spelled Wanganui should henceforth be Whanganui, although a period of grace was given for the change-over. Nonetheless, there is still a good deal of opposition to the change from residents, particularly expressed on many occasions by the outspoken mayor at the time, Michael Laws. This article was originally delivered as a seminar during Māori Language Week 2009, before the decision was taken. It seeks to explore the complex issues that underlie such a decision, and thus to shed light on why the issue is still so controversial. With the success of the case against Wanganui, it is clear that this will not be the last instance where a Māori community seeks legal overthrow of the spelling of a name: already the case of Rimutaka versus Remutaka is being debated.
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23

Makgill, Robert A., James D. Gardner-Hopkins, and Natalie R. Coates. "Trans-Tasman Resources Limited v. Taranaki-Whanganui Conservation Board." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 35, no. 4 (September 23, 2020): 835–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10036.

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Abstract On 3 April 2020, the Court of Appeal delivered a judgment quashing a decision to approve a seabed mining proposal within New Zealand’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ). This article discusses the judgment’s background, its references to the law of the sea and other international law, and the Court of Appeal’s four key findings. These findings include that the seabed mining approval: (a) failed to ensure protection of the marine environment from pollution; (b) failed to favour caution and protection where information is uncertain or inadequate; (c) failed to integrate decision-making between the EEZ and territorial sea; and (d) failed to adopt an approach to effects consistent with indigenous rights. The article concludes with some observations on the judgment’s relevance to State practice and seabed mining under international law.
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Evans, David J. A., and James D. Hansom. "The Whangie and the landslides of the Campsie Fells." Scottish Geographical Magazine 114, no. 3 (November 1998): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00369229818737050.

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25

Winslett, Marianne. "Kyu-Young Whang speaks out." ACM SIGMOD Record 36, no. 3 (September 2007): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1324185.1324192.

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26

Madsen, Anni, Jan-Pieter Buylaert, and Andrew Murray. "Luminescence dating of young coastal deposits from New Zealand using feldspar." Geochronometria 38, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13386-011-0042-5.

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Abstract A new measurement protocol has been tested on K-feldspars from Whanganui Inlet and Parengarenga Harbour, New Zealand. A Single Aliquot Regenerative (SAR) dose protocol, using two successive infrared (IR) stimulations (post-IR IR SAR protocol) is setup for these young (<1000 years) coastal sediments. Significant anomalous fading (g2days=7 %/decade) is observed using the conventional IR signal measured at 50°C. In contrast, the fading rate of the IR signal measured at elevated temperature (150°C) after the IR stimulation at 50°C (a post-IR IR signal) is not significant (g2days≤ 1 %/decade). Surprisingly low residual infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) signals were observed for a surface sample, suggesting that accurate ages as young as ∼50 years can be obtained for these recent deposits. IRSL ages ranging between 48±6 years and 1050±50 years are obtained from six samples, indicating that sediment accumulation has occurred at the two sites during the last millennia, despite a falling trend in relative sea-level in Whanganui Inlet and a stable relative sea-level at Parengarenga Harbour.
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Shin, Sa-Bin. "Musical Spatio-temporality in Whanki Kim’s Abstract Art." Humanities Contents 60 (March 31, 2021): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18658/humancon.2021.03.89.

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Shinhwan Kwak. "Jeon-Woo’s critical interpretation of Lee-Whang’s Neo- Confucian theories." Studies in Confucianism 39, no. ll (May 2017): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18216/yuhak.2017.39..005.

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Wells, R. D. S., W. N. Vant, and J. S. Clayton. "Inorganic suspensoids and submerged macrophytes in Lake Whangape, New Zealand." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 23, no. 4 (December 1988): 1969–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1987.11899829.

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Spörli, K. B., and Rebecca E. Harrison. "Northland Allochthon infolded into basement, Whangarei area, northern New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 47, no. 3 (September 2004): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2004.9515065.

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Rendel, J. M., A. D. Mackay, and P. N. Smale. "The value of legumes to a Whanganui hill country farm." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 79 (January 1, 2017): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.555.

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There is interest in the sheep and beef sector in lifting the legume content of hill pastures. This interest is tempered by the uncertainty of the benefits and how much farmers can afford to spend to achieve them. The objective of this study was to quantify the value to a hill country farm of differing proportions of legumes in a mixed species pasture using AgInform® (Integrated Farm Optimisation and Resource Allocation Model). AgInform® is a multi-year farm systems model, adapted so that the legume proportion of pasture as it influences pasture growth and animal performance through its influence on diet could be included as variables in the model. Three levels of legume (Low, Base and High) in a mixed pasture were modelled. The model predicts that increasing the legume proportion increases farm profitability although not in a linear manner with increasing legume proportion. This analysis provides an indication of the investment that hill country farmers can afford to increase the legume proportion in mixed pastures. Keywords: farm systems, legume, variability, AgInform®, multi-year
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Yang, J. Y., and G. Krishna. "HP10 LAPAROSCOPIC RESECTION OF SUBMUCOSAL GASTRIC LESIONS ? THE WHANGAREI EXPERIENCE." ANZ Journal of Surgery 77, s1 (May 2007): A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04122_10.x.

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Nagappan, Ramesh, Tom Riddell, Neville Maiden, Janet Barker, and Sarah Lindsay. "Mobile ICU for Transport of Critically Ill—The Whangarei Experience." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 14, S1 (March 1999): S41—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00033719.

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Kennedy, D. M., and R. Paulik. "Estuarine shore platforms in Whanganui Inlet, South Island, New Zealand." Geomorphology 88, no. 3-4 (August 2007): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.11.007.

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Aigwi, Itohan Esther, Temitope Egbelakin, and Jason Ingham. "Efficacy of adaptive reuse for the redevelopment of underutilised historical buildings." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 36, no. 4 (August 13, 2018): 385–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-01-2018-0007.

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Purpose Most provincial town centres in New Zealand typically feature old and vacant historical buildings, the majority of which possess heritage values. The growing perception that it is cheaper to repurpose vacant historical buildings rather than demolishing and rebuilding them is one of the factors that have made the adaptive reuse approach so popular. However, will this also be the case for provincial town centres in New Zealand? The purpose of this paper is to identify and explore the key factors that could influence the efficacy of adaptive reuse, and check for significant differences in the effect that each perceived factor would have on the adaptive reuse efficacy as a justifiable resilient and sustainable approach towards the regeneration of a major provincial town centre in New Zealand that is currently experiencing inner-city shrinkage. Design/methodology/approach A focus group workshop was conducted with 22 stakeholders involved in an existing town centre regeneration agenda for Whanganui. Closed-ended questionnaires were administered to the workshop participants to measure their opinions regarding the efficacy of the adaptive reuse approach for the regeneration of Whanganui’s town centre. The participant mix comprised a combination of structural engineers, quantity surveyors, architects, estate valuers, building owners/developers, legal representatives, heritage representatives and local government council representatives. Findings The study reported a high proportion of respondents that strongly agreed to the positive impacts of adaptive reuse with regards to the discussed priority aspects, hence, justifying the efficacy of the approach, towards delivering a vibrant town centre for Whanganui. Also, the Friedman’s analysis suggests that no significant differences existed among all perceived adaptive reuse efficacy criteria by the workshop participants, therefore justifying the approach. Originality/value This paper’s originality pertains to the practicality of changing the use of vacant historical buildings in Whanganui, which is one of New Zealand’s major provincial town centres, to renegotiate resilience and sustainable urban regeneration for the area.
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Anderson, Yvonne, Greg Taylor, Cameron Grant, Ross Fulton, and Paul Hofman. "The Green Prescription Active Families programme in Taranaki, New Zealand 2007–2009: Did it reach children in need?" Journal of Primary Health Care 7, no. 3 (2015): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc15192.

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INTRODUCTION: The Green Prescription Active Families (GRxAF) programme focuses on overweight/ obese children and adolescents, and is family/whanau based. It is an intervention supporting lifestyle changes through weekly sessions (nutrition advice and/or physical activity), and goal setting for the family/whanau for up to 12 months. AIMS: To describe the GRxAF programme in Taranaki and evaluate its reach and engagement, especially for those most at risk of obesity. METHODS: Participant files for each referred child from May 2007 to December 2009 were reviewed. Baseline demographic data, programme graduation information, and weekly activity session attendance were collected. RESULTS: Of the 109 participants during the audit period, 39% were Maori, 57% New Zealand European (NZE), 3% Pacific, and 1% Other ethnicity. Mean age at entry was 10 (range 4–17) years. Mean duration of programme involvement was five (range 0–12) months. Overall, 33/60 (55%) of the participants completing the programme during the audit period graduated, having made steps towards healthy lifestyle change. In comparison with NZE (68%), a smaller proportion of Maori (40%) graduated (p=0.04). In comparison with those who attended no sessions, participants who attended any sessions were more likely to make positive changes (OR=3.65, 95% CI 1.24–10.8). DISCUSSION: GRxAF in Taranaki met a need for some obese/overweight children, but not for all families/whanau, especially those over-represented in childhood obesity statistics. Programme delivery for Maori requires improvement, and assessment of readiness to make lifestyle change as an enrolment criteria for all participants is recommended. KEYWORDS: Adolescent; child; nutrition; obesity; physical activity; treatment
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Lindsay Barr, Tremane, and John Reid. "Centralized decentralization for tribal business development." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 8, no. 3 (August 5, 2014): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-10-2012-0054.

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Purpose – The purpose of this research was to identify and create a decentralized development system specific for the whanau (family) and hapu/runanga (sub-tribe) members of Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu. In New Zealand, a number of Maori tribes have negotiated compensation with the New Zealand Government for past injustices. These assets are typically centralized within iwi (tribal) corporate structures to protect and grow the asset base on behalf of tribal constituents. This centralization of assets has caused political tension within tribes. Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides a case study of whanau/hapu-level businesses facilitated by the post-settlement iwi – Ngāi Tahu – to demonstrate how each level can work synergistically to encourage multi-level economic development in a way that matches cultural patterns and expectations. Participant action research theory and practice was utilized by researchers from Toitu Te Kainga (Regional Development Unit of Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu) between 2008 and 2012. This was informed by an Enterprise Facilitation person-centred perspective and a Kaupapa Māori philosophy of respect and empowerment of the participants needs. Findings – This paper argues that while a certain level of centralization is required, to ring-fence and protect tribal assets at an iwi (tribal) level, the benefits gained by that centralization can then be utilized to provide a springboard for decentralized economic development at the whanau (family) and hapu (sub-tribe) levels. Originality/value – This new indigenous development system is referred to as the symbiotic development model and is an original outcome of this research paper. The paper concludes that tribal economic development in the post-settlement era in New Zealand needs to combine aspects of both centralization and decentralization.
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Slater, Tania, Anna Matheson, Cheryl Davies, Huia Tavite, Triny Ruhe, Maureen Holdaway, and Lis Ellison-Loschmann. "'It's whanaungatanga and all that kind of stuff': Maori cancer patients’ experiences of health services." Journal of Primary Health Care 5, no. 4 (2013): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc13308.

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INTRODUCTION: There are unacceptable ethnic differences in cancer survival in Aotearoa/New Zealand. For people with cancer, quality of life and survival are shaped by access to care, but research on Maori access to, and through, cancer care is limited. Internationally, research has shown that primary care plays an important role in providing patient-centred, holistic care and information throughout the cancer care journey. Additionally, Maori health providers provide practical support and facilitate access to all levels of health care. Here we describe the cancer journeys of Maori patients and whanau and identify factors that may facilitate or inhibit access to and through cancer care services. METHODS: Twelve Maori patients affected by cancer and their whanau (family) in the lower North Island took part in face-to-face semi-structured interviews exploring their experiences of cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment, survival and palliative care. FINDINGS: Three key areas were identified that impacted upon the cancer care journey: the experience of support; continuity of care; and the impact of financial and geographic determinants. CONCLUSION: Primary care plays a key role in support and continuity of care across the cancer journey. Alongside interpersonal rapport, a long-term relationship with a primary health provider facilitated a more positive experience of the cancer care journey, suggesting that patients with a ‘medical home’ are happier with their care and report less problems with coordination between services. Positive, longstanding relationships with general practitioners and Maori health providers assisted patients and whanau with the provision and understanding of information, alongside practical support. KEYWORDS: Cancer; family; health services, indigenous; Maori health; primary health care cancer
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MoonJoon Kim, Haewon Shim, and 하창순. "Comparative study of Lee Whang's SimHak(心學) and Adler·Roger's psychology." Studies in Philosophy East-West ll, no. 50 (December 2008): 339–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15841/kspew..50.200812.339.

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김성은. "Esther Whang's Rural Work and Campaign for Wwomen in the 1930s." Christianity and History in Korea ll, no. 35 (September 2011): 141–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18021/chk..35.201109.141.

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41

Pettigrew, Wendy, and Mark Southcombe. "The End of the Wooden Shop: Wanganui Architecture in the 1890s." Architectural History Aotearoa 4 (October 31, 2007): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v4i0.6747.

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The 1890s was a decade of remarkable progress in Whanganui. The depression of the 1880s was over. The town became an important port and distribution centre with railway connections to Wellington and New Plymouth as well as wharves at Castlecliff and in town. Alexander Hatrick began his riverboat service on the river enabling tourists from all over the world to travel the "Rhine of New Zealand." The colonial town developed culturally. The Technical School of Design was established in 1892, the public museum opened a few years later and the library was extended. The local MP, John Ballance, was Premier until his death in 1893; his state funeral and that in 1898 of the Māori chief, Te Keepa Rangihiwinui, were defining moments in Whanganui's history. A 40-year building boom began, starting with the replacement of old town centre premises dating from the 1860s and earlier. In 1890 there were two architects in town, but only one with recognized qualifications: Alfred Atkins, FRIBA. Having been in practice with Frederick de Jersey Clere in the 1880s, Atkins' practice blossomed in the 1890s. He was architect to both the Education and Hospital Boards at a time of major commissions and advisor to the Borough Council. He designed the museum and a large warehouse and bond store for Sclanders of Nelson and organized the architectural competition for what is now known as The Royal Whanganui Opera House. This paper examines these and other buildings together with some "gentlemen's residences" as examples of the Victorian architecture which characterizes Whanganui today. During the 1890s the Borough Council continued to grapple with the problem of fires in town. The arguments raged over the merits of building in wood versus brick. This paper looks at the evolution of the Council's eventual designation in 1898 of a downtown "brick area" with bylaws requiring at least brick side walls on all new buildings. The era of building permits began and the erection of new brick walls heralded the end of the wooden shop. The brick buildings that followed changed the character of Whanganui's townscape.
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42

Poutu Morice, Margaret, Alayne Mikahere-Hall, Wiremu Woodard, Cherry Pye, Anna Hinehou Fleming, Verity Armstrong, Anna Poutu Fay, and Zoe Poutu Fay. "Waka Oranga: Personal Reflections." Ata: Journal of Psychotherapy Aotearoa New Zealand 23, no. 2 (February 27, 2020): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9791/ajpanz.2019.05.

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Being part of the journey of Waka Oranga has been deeply meaningful for all members and their whanau. Below are personal reflections from a range of members of the rōpū and their whānau, in which the writers explore the experience and meaning of their connection to and with this remarkable psychotherapy rōpū.
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NanJiYun. "Between Dongyang-ism and Oxidentalism: Early Works of Kim Whanki." Korean Bulletin of Art History ll, no. 46 (June 2016): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15819/rah.2016..46.115.

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44

Kidd, Jacquie, Veronique Gibbons, Ross Lawrenson, and Wayne Johnstone. "Pounamu: A whanau ora approach to health care for Maori." Journal of Primary Health Care 2, no. 2 (2010): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc10163.

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45

Rees, Callum, Julie Palmer, and Alan Palmer. "Tephrostratigraphic constraints on sedimentation and tectonism in the Whanganui Basin, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 63, no. 2 (November 24, 2019): 262–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2019.1691611.

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46

Strack, Mick. "Land and rivers can own themselves." International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 9, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-10-2016-0016.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe and critically review the new tenure arrangements that have been established to recognise Māori relationship with land (Te Urewera) and river (Whanganui River), to ascribe them their own legal personality. Design/methodology/approach The paper describes the development of the legal arrangements in Aotearoa, New Zealand, for Treaty settlements with Māori, and documents the various forms of rights and divisions of space that are changing the face of property institutions. Findings The paper finds that the acknowledgement of land and nature as having their own legal status and, therefore, owned by themselves is bold and innovative, but is still not a full recognition of customary tenure. The recognition of rivers as indivisible entities is stated but not clearly implemented. Practical implications Māori interests and authority are now more clearly articulated, and Māori may expect to be able to engage in customary practices and restore their traditional relationships with their land more explicitly. Social implications The avoidance of an ownership regime has tempered public concerns about issues such as ownership of flowing water. The formalities are still being completed in the case of the Whanganui River, so the full implications are yet to be felt. Originality/value This is an innovative development in tenure arrangements seen by some as providing for the rights of nature, but actually responding to the rights of the Indigenous people. This article may inform others about possible models for more diverse tenure arrangements elsewhere.
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Rodgers, Christopher. "A new approach to protecting ecosystems." Environmental Law Review 19, no. 4 (December 2017): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461452917744909.

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The Te Awa Tupua (Whanganui River Claims Settlement) Act 2017 settled the longest-running litigation over Maori land claims in New Zealand history. The Whanganui river is New Zealand’s longest navigable river, stretching from Mount Tongariro in the North Island to the Tasman Sea. The settlement, and the 2017 Act which implements it, confers legal personality on the river system, giving it a unique legal status that recognises not only the need to protect the ecosystem it represents, but also to provide a legal forum in which to implement Maori cultural and spiritual attitudes to the relationship of land and people. It can be argued this marks a new and innovative approach to protecting the environment, focusing at the ecosystem level and incorporating spiritual values in a manner unknown in environmental law in most Western legal systems. This is not, however, the first time that an approach based on principles found in the 2017 Act has been used in a New Zealand context. This article will consider the 2017 Act and its principal objectives, and set the legislation within the very distinctive context of the legal culture within which environmental law in New Zealand sits. It highlights differences of approach from those adopted in English law to similar problems of ecosystem management, and concludes by considering whether (and what) lessons can be drawn from this innovative approach for the wider environmental governance of the natural environment.
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Shim, Jin-Keong. "The Fantastic and Real in Whang Jungeun's Novels." Review of Korean Cultural Studies 49, no. 49 (February 2015): 479–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.17329/kcbook.2015.49.49.017.

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49

Fraser, T. J., D. R. Stevens, R. W. Scholfield, B. J. Nelson, A. J. Nelson, and S. M. Shortland. "Improved forages to enhance hill country sheep production." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 16 (January 1, 2016): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.16.2016.3234.

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Recently, sheep and beef farms in New Zealand have been out-competed for prime land by dairy and horticulture farming. This means that industry targets to increase sheep and beef production have to be achieved on farms with constraints on pasture production. They are increasingly restricted to hilly and other locations with variable climates and soils, and landscape constraints on farming practices. These challenges lead to the formation of two on farm projects within the Beef + Lamb New Zealand Demonstration Farm programme to improve production from permanent pastures on sheep and beef farms. The first of these was a 4 year evaluation at Whangara Farms North of Gisborne looking at improving forage supply on both noncultivatable hill and flat to easy country through spraying out existing vegetation and oversowing or direct-drilling with white clover and plantain. The second project at Aria in the King Country concentrated on improving the forage quality and quantity at critical times of the year. Clovers and plantain were established through cultivation. Both projects showed that forage and animal production increased after the introduction of clovers and plantain. However, plantain at Whangara did not persist beyond the fourth year from sowing. Poor white clover establishment at Aria resulted in substituting red and white clover for plantain from the second year with improved forage and animal performance. At both sites the costs associated with introducing new forages was repaid within the first 2 years. Keywords: hill country development, forage species, forage quality, whole farm systems
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Kurki, Visa A. J. "Can Nature Hold Rights? It's Not as Easy as You Think." Transnational Environmental Law 11, no. 3 (November 2022): 525–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102522000358.

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AbstractThe Rights of Nature movement has recently achieved significant successes in using legal personhood as a tool for environmental protection. Perhaps most famously, the Whanganui River in Aotearoa New Zealand was accorded legal personhood in 2017. These kinds of development have attracted plenty of scholarly interest, but few have scrutinized a foundational underlying question: Can natural areas, such as rivers, or other non-sentient natural entities actually be legal persons?The case of the Whanganui River is an example of the direct legal personhood model: it purports to grant legal rights to the river directly. Some other jurisdictions have set up legal persons to administer rivers, without declaring the rivers themselves to be legal persons: the indirect legal personhood model. This article offers legal-philosophical arguments for why legal personhood cannot be attributed to rivers directly.Normally, legal persons can hold claim-rights and be legally wronged. Some legal persons, such as human adults, can also be held legally responsible and exercise legal competences by entering into contracts. Natural entities cannot do any of these things. Hence, they cannot be legal persons directly; rather, their putative direct legal personhood will collapse into indirect legal personhood. Hence, treating natural entities as direct legal persons amounts only to a legal fiction. Such fictions may be justified for symbolic reasons. However, if environmental protection requires setting up a legal person to protect a natural entity, such protection in most cases can be realized without claiming that the natural entity itself would have become a legal person.
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