Journal articles: 'Whale Rider'

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Tayal, U. "Whale Rider." BMJ 327, no. 7412 (August 23, 2003): 455—a—455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7412.455-a.

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Figueroa, Esther. "Whale Rider (review)." Contemporary Pacific 16, no. 2 (2004): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2004.0044.

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Hokowhitu, Brendan. "Understanding Whangara: ‘Whale Rider’ as Simulacrum." MEDIANZ: Media Studies Journal of Aotearoa New Zealand 10, no. 2 (2007): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/medianz-vol10iss2id65.

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Uthaman, Arya. "Film as a Mirror: Redefining Witi Ihimaera’s The Whale Rider." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 11 (November 28, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i11.10127.

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This article attempts to discuss the cultural and comparative analysis between the visions in the novel The Whale Rider and the cinematic adaptation of the same. The novel and the cinema concentrated on the central character in the film Paikea and her struggles to break out of the hyper masculine orthodox visions of her grandfather Koro. It would then try to understand the implications of the cinema and its visions on gender and its reverberation and how it resonate the modern world in the cultural and political landscape of the present New Zealand and modern people. Maori culture of New Zealand also plays a big role in this novel and cinema. It connects its people both with each other and with the land. In the cinematic version we can see the traditional story is incorporated into the modern setting. The film used so many strategies, these includes extending the myth, re-applying it, or subverting it. But both film and the cinema tries to convey the main social issue the function of woman in a world controlled by men.

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Heejung Cha. "Crossing Mythical Boundaries and Homing in Witi Ihimaera’s The Whale Rider." Journal of English Language and Literature 56, no. 2 (July 2010): 277–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15794/jell.2010.56.2.005.

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Lythberg, Billie, Jennifer Newell, and Wayne Ngata. "Houses of stories: the whale rider at the American Museum of Natural History." Museum and Society 13, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 189–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/mas.v13i2.326.

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In April 2013, fifteen members of the Māori tribal arts group Toi Hauiti travelled to New York to reconnect with their carved wooden ancestor figure, Paikea, at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH). They gave educational presentations to school groups, museum staff and members of the public about Paikea and the whare kōrero , or house of stories, which Paikea had adorned as a gable figure.Through a discussion anchored in the importance of taonga (ancestral treasures), this paper describes embodied forms of knowledge used by Paikea’s descendants to know him in his absence, and introduce him to diverse audiences. Its foci are: museum education in multicultural contexts; learning by doing through the use of interactive activities; and community outreach and museum education. In addition, it discusses the challenges to protocols and opportunities for learning offered to AMNH staff through this engagement, and examines the impact it had son Toi Hauiti members themselves.

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Beck, Bernard. "The Sea Around Us: Social Climbing in Seabiscuit, Whale Rider, and Finding Nemo." Multicultural Perspectives 6, no. 2 (April 2004): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327892mcp0602_5.

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Oliver Haag and Danica Ĉerĉe. "Witi Ihimaera’s The Whale Rider in Slovene, Dutch, and German Translation." Antipodes 29, no. 2 (2015): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/antipodes.29.2.0251.

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De Souza, Pascale. "Maoritanga in Whale Rider and Once Were Warriors: a problematic rebirth through female leaders." Studies in Australasian Cinema 1, no. 1 (January 2007): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/sac.1.1.15_1.

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데럭존맥거번. "Ihimaera’s The Whale Rider: Thematic and Narrative Differences Between the Novel and the Film Version." New Korean Journal of English Lnaguage & Literature 56, no. 4 (November 2014): 171–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25151/nkje.2014.56.4.010.

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Wojcik-Andrews, Ian. "Elder Quests, Kid Ventures, and Kinder Quests." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2013): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2013.050205.

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Films for young audiences today, particularly those deemed multicultural such as Whale Rider or Up, combine two journeys or quests, those of an elderly person and those of a young child. These films and others, such as The Secret of Roan Inish, represent a new genre called Kid Quests. This article examines the history, defining features, and cultural worth of kid quests and discusses their value and relevance to topics current in diversity studies such as age.

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Shormann, David, Marc in het Panhuis, and Luca Oggiano. "Field Research and Numerical CFD Analysis of Humpback Whale-Inspired Shortboard Fins." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049158.

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Compared to other Olympic sports, little research exists on competitive shortboard surfing—especially research comparing field and numerical data. In this paper, GPS sensors with 9-axis motion sensors were used to collect data on nearly 2000 surfed waves. Data were collected from four surfers of differing skill levels, ranging from intermediate/advanced (Level 6) to top-ranked professional (Level 9). The results revealed a positive correlation between surfer skill level and roll/pitch/yaw rates during a cutback. Some surfers used two different fin types: a standard commercial fin (C), and a 3D-printed, humpback whale-inspired fin (RW). Statistically significant cutback performance improvements were seen when surfers used the RW fin. Because of the skill level differences suggested by the field data, dynamic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed to simulate cutback maneuvers at three different rotation rates (roll/pitch/yaw). Sustained resultant forces relative to the rider direction were lower for RW fins during the turn, suggesting a less-skilled surfer could generate faster and more powerful turns using RW fins. Field results also confirmed that a skill Level 8 surfer performed closer to skill Level 9 when using RW fins, but not control fins. Surfers experienced more stability using RW fins, and CFD results confirmed RW’s ability to dampen the effects of turbulent flow.

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du Plooy, Belinda. "Sacred Subtexts: Depictions of Girls as Christ Figure and Holy Fool in the Films Moana and Whale Rider." Feminist Theology 30, no. 1 (September 2021): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09667350211031152.

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Christ figures and holy fools are familiar religious symbols often repeated and adapted in film making. They have historically most often been depicted as male, and among the slowly growing body of female filmic christ figures, they are usually depicted as adult White women. In this article, I consider two films, Niki Caro’s Whale Rider and Disney’s Moana, in which young Indigenous girls are depicted within this trope. I engage in close reading of the films, in relation to Anton Karl Kozlovic’s theoretical framework for structural characteristics of the filmic christ figure, as I focus my discussion here on the christological symbolism of the two female child figures in these films, while also folding this back to the long-standing religious and literary tradition of the holy fool. The aim of this article is to contribute to the growing body of critical and theoretical work about the representation and reading of women and religion in film.

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Joyce, Hester. "Out from nowhere: Pakeha anxieties in Ngati (Barclay, 1987), Once Were Warriors (Tamahori, 1994) and Whale Rider (Caro, 2002)." Studies in Australasian Cinema 3, no. 3 (January 2009): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/sac.3.3.239_1.

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Joyce, Hester. "A Sting in the Tale: Quirky New Zealand Films." Media International Australia 117, no. 1 (November 2005): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0511700107.

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New Zealand films face the dual pressures of succeeding internationally while satisfying the cultural criteria imposed by state funding agencies. In an attempt to reach larger audiences, one response has been to adopt Hollywood models of storytelling. The genre constraints, goal-oriented protagonist and restorative narrative structure that these models demand are at odds with the specifics implied by the term ‘a New Zealand film’. Local filmmakers favour the contrary elements of open-ended narratives, eccentric protagonists and paradoxical endings. This paper compares the structural elements of four New Zealand films — Smash Palace (Roger Donaldson, 1981), Utu (Geoff Murphy, 1982), Heavenly Creatures (Peter Jackson, 1994) and Whale Rider (Niki Caro, 2003) — and explores the innovative and sometimes unconventional narrative solutions reached by filmmakers while negotiating a Hollywood paradigm within a local context.

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Buchmann, Anne. "Advancing Social Sustainability in Film Tourism." Tourism Review International 16, no. 2 (November 1, 2012): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427212x13485031583812.

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Film tourism research has produced numerous case studies but little theoretical development. As an example, many film tourism studies report social impacts and further sustainability issues in a trend mirroring the wider tourism literature. This article presents a theoretical approach analyzing the potential and realization of sustainable film tourism. It introduces the notions of social sustainability and discusses its adaptation, concentrating on the case studies of Whale Rider and Lord of the Rings tourism. For this, the study also refers to literature and previous case studies into organizations demonstrating sustainable vision and/or behavior in the contemporary New Zealand film tourism industry. The article argues the need to adapt currently existing frameworks to film tourism theory and practice.

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Shormann, David, Luca Oggiano, and Marc in het Panhuis. "Numerical CFD Investigation of Shortboard Surfing: Fin Design vs. Cutback Turn Performance." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049132.

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The surfing performance of two shortboard fin types with surface features were compared to a standard (control) fin with a smooth surface using dynamic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The fins with surface features included designs with a partially grooved and serrated surface (CR), and humpback whale-inspired fins with tubercles and other features (RW). Surfboard roll, pitch and yaw during cutback maneuvers were simulated based on field data from surfers of intermediate, expert and professional (WCT) skill level surfing on ocean waves. Sustained resultant forces relative to the rider direction were significantly different between fin types, and lowest for RW at WCT-level rotations. CFD results also revealed RW’s ability to dampen effects of turbulent flow. RW fins were always the last to stall during a turn, and always exhibited the most gradual stall. CR fins had significantly lower pre-turn drag, and the highest mean resultant forces during the turn. Overall, CR fins appear best for forward acceleration and hold on the wave, while RW fins appear best for maneuverability and stability.

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Vhatkar, Kapil Netaji, and Girish P. Bhole. "Improved rider optimization for optimal container resource allocation in cloud with security assurance." International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications 16, no. 3 (June 29, 2020): 235–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-12-2019-0094.

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Purpose The containerization application is one among the technologies that enable microservices architectures, which is observed to be the model for operating system (OS) virtualization. Containers are the virtual instances of the OS that are structured as the isolation for the OS atmosphere and its file system, which are executed on the single kernel and a single host. Hence, every microservice application is evolved in a container without launching the total virtual machine. The system overhead is minimized in this way as the environment is maintained in a secured manner. The exploitation of a microservice is as easy to start the execution of a new container. As a result, microservices could scale up by simply generating new containers until the required scalability level is attained. This paper aims to optimize the container allocation. Design/methodology/approach This paper introduces a new customized rider optimization algorithm (C-ROA) for optimizing the container allocation. The proposed model also considers the impact of system performance along with its security. Moreover, a new rescaled objective function is defined in this work that considers threshold distance, balanced cluster use, system failure, total network distance and security as well. At last, the performance of proposed work is compared over other state-of-the-art models with respect to convergence and cost analysis. Findings For experiment 1, the implemented model at 50th iteration has achieved minimal value, which is 29.24%, 24.48% and 21.11% better from velocity updated grey wolf optimisation (VU-GWO), whale random update assisted LA (WR-LA) and rider optimization algorithm (ROA), respectively. Similarly, on considering Experiment 2, the proposed model at 100th iteration attained superior performance than conventional models such as VU-GWO, WR-LA and ROA by 3.21%, 7.18% and 10.19%, respectively. The developed model for Experiment 3 at 100th iteration is 2.23%, 5.76% and 6.56% superior to VU-GWO, WR-LA and ROA. Originality/value This paper presents the latest fictional optimization algorithm named ROA for optimizing the container allocation. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that uses the C-ROA for optimization.

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Yu, Haining, Hongli Zhang, and Xiangzhan Yu. "Hail the Closest Driver on Roads: Privacy-Preserving Ride Matching in Online Ride Hailing Services." Security and Communication Networks 2020 (June 12, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4948387.

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Online ride hailing (ORH) services enable a rider to request a driver to take him wherever he wants through a smartphone app on short notice. To use ORH services, users have to submit their ride information to the ORH service provider to make ride matching, such as pick-up/drop-off location. However, the submission of ride information may lead to the leakages of users’ privacy. In this paper, we focus on the issue of protecting the location information of both riders and drivers during ride matching and propose a privacy-preserving online ride matching scheme, called pRMatch. It enables an ORH service provider to find the closest available driver for an incoming rider over a city-scale road network, while protecting the location privacy of both riders and drivers against the ORH service provider and other unauthorized participants. In pRMatch, we compute the shortest road distance over encrypted data by using road network embedding and partially homomorphic encryption and further efficiently compare encrypted distances by using ciphertext packing and shuffling. The theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that pRMatch is accurate and efficient, yet preserving users’ location privacy.

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Zhang, Zeliang, Kang Xiaohan, Mohd Nor Akmal Khalid, and Hiroyuki Iida. "Bridging Ride and Play Comfort." Information 12, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12030119.

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The notion of comfort with respect to rides, such as roller coasters, is typically addressed from the perspective of a physical ride, where the convenience of transportation is redefined to minimize risk and maximize thrill. As a popular form of entertainment, roller coasters sit at the nexus of rides and games, providing a suitable environment to measure both mental and physical experiences of rider comfort. In this paper, the way risk and comfort affect such experiences is investigated, and the connection between play comfort and ride comfort is explored. A roller coaster ride simulation is adopted as the target environment for this research, which combines the feeling of being thrill and comfort simultaneously. At the same time, this paper also expands research on roller coaster rides while bridging the rides and games via the analogy of the law of physics, a concept currently known as motion in mind. This study’s contribution involves a roller coaster ride model, which provides an extended understanding of the relationship between physical performance and the mental experience relative to the concept of motion in mind while establishing critical criteria for a comfortable experience of both the ride and play.

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Gaddala, Kaladhar, and P. Sangameswara Raju. "Optimal location of UPQC for power quality improvement: novel hybrid approach." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 6 (February 13, 2020): 1519–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-04-2019-0113.

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Purpose In general, the optimal reactive power compensation could drastically enhance the performance of distributed network by the reduction of power loss and by enhancement of line loadability and voltage profile. Till now, there exist various reactive power compensation models including capacitor placement, joined process of on-load tap changer and capacitor banks and integration of DG. Further, one of the current method is the allocation of distribution FACTS (DFACTS) device. Even though, the DFACTS devices are usually used in the enhancement of power quality, they could be used in the optimal reactive power compensation with more effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach This paper introduces a power quality enhancement model that is based on a new hybrid optimization algorithm for selecting the precise unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) location and sizing. A new algorithm rider optimization algorithm (ROA)-modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) in fitness basis (RMPF) is introduced for this optimal selections. Findings Through the performance analysis, it is observed that as the iteration increases, there is a gradual minimization of cost function. At the 40th iteration, the proposed method is 1.99 per cent better than ROA and genetic algorithm (GA); 0.09 per cent better than GMDA and WOA; and 0.14, 0.57 and 1.94 per cent better than Dragonfly algorithm (DA), worst solution linked whale optimization (WS-WU) and PSO, respectively. At the 60th iteration, the proposed method attains less cost function, which is 2.07, 0.08, 0.06, 0.09, 0.07 and 1.90 per cent superior to ROA, GMDA, DA, GA, WS-WU and PSO, respectively. Thus, the proposed model proves that it is better than other models. Originality/value This paper presents a technique for optimal placing and sizing of UPQC. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work that introduces RMPF algorithm to solve the optimization problems.

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Pham, Anh, Italo Dacosta, Bastien Jacot-Guillarmod, Kévin Huguenin, Taha Hajar, Florian Tramèr, Virgil Gligor, and Jean-Pierre Hubaux. "PrivateRide: A Privacy-Enhanced Ride-Hailing Service." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2017, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popets-2017-0015.

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AbstractIn the past few years, we have witnessed a rise in the popularity of ride-hailing services (RHSs), an online marketplace that enables accredited drivers to use their own cars to drive ride-hailing users. Unlike other transportation services, RHSs raise significant privacy concerns, as providers are able to track the precise mobility patterns of millions of riders worldwide. We present the first survey and analysis of the privacy threats in RHSs. Our analysis exposes high-risk privacy threats that do not occur in conventional taxi services. Therefore, we propose PrivateRide, a privacy-enhancing and practical solution that offers anonymity and location privacy for riders, and protects drivers’ information from harvesting attacks. PrivateRide lowers the high-risk privacy threats in RHSs to a level that is at least as low as that of many taxi services. Using real data-sets from Uber and taxi rides, we show that PrivateRide significantly enhances riders’ privacy, while preserving tangible accuracy in ride matching and fare calculation, with only negligible effects on convenience. Moreover, by using our Android implementation for experimental evaluations, we show that PrivateRide’s overhead during ride setup is negligible. In short, we enable privacy-conscious riders to achieve levels of privacy that are not possible in current RHSs and even in some conventional taxi services, thereby offering a potential business differentiator.

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Paiman, Noor Faradila, Solah Mohd Syazwan, Ariffin Aqbal Hafeez, Mohd Hafzi Mohd Isa, Rahman Mohd Khairudin, Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi, Hamzan Azhar, Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim, and Norlen Mohamed. "Prevalence of Carrying Multiple Pillion Riders on the Route to School." Advanced Engineering Forum 10 (December 2013): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.10.351.

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A cross-sectional observation surveys was carried out among 6 to 12 years old child pillion riders travelling to and from schools by motorcycle. The study focused on prevalence of multiple child pillion riders, to determine the relationship between child pillion riders safety helmet compliance and their seating position and foot peg utilization. A total of 701 riders and 913 school children were observed. Riders safety helmet use rate was significantly higher (66.8%) than as compared to child pillion rider helmet use (14.7%) with OR=11.7 (95%CI 9.2-14.9). It was observed that 29.1% riders were carrying more than one child pillion riders; with female rider are more likely to carry more than one pillion rider (OR=1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.2). Observation on utilization of foot peg showed that back motorcycle pillion rider (BP) were more likely to use foot peg as compared to middle motorcycle pillion rider (MP) (OR=11.7, 95%CI 7.8, 17.5). Safety helmet use by child pillion rider on the route to school is generally low. Furthermore, there was a significant difference for child pillion rider safety helmet use compliance according to seating position. Children who were seated in the middle are less likely to use safety helmet. Rear child pillion riders had higher chance to utilize motorcycle foot peg. To increase the prevalence of helmet use and safety of children, there is a need for public awareness campaigns on the safety benefits of safety helmets use among school children and ergonomically designed motorcycle while riding.

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McCole, S. D., K. Claney, J. C. Conte, R. Anderson, and J. M. Hagberg. "Energy expenditure during bicycling." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.2.748.

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This study was designed to measure the O2 uptake (VO2) of cyclists while they rode outdoors at speeds from 32 to 40 km/h. Regression analyses of data from 92 trials using the same wheels, tires, and tire pressure with the cyclists riding in their preferred gear and in an aerodynamic position indicated the best equation (r = 0.84) to estimate VO2 in liters per minute VO2 = -4.50 + 0.17 rider speed + 0.052 wind speed + 0.022 rider weight where rider and wind speed are expressed in kilometers per hour and rider weight in kilograms. Following another rider closely, i.e., drafting, at 32 km/h reduced VO2 by 18 +/- 11%; the benefit of drafting a single rider at 37 and 40 km/h was greater (27 +/- 8%) than that at 32 km/h. Drafting one, two, or four riders in a line at 40 km/h resulted in the same reduction in VO2 (27 +/- 7%). Riding at 40 km/h at the back of a group of eight riders reduced VO2 by significantly more (39 +/- 6%) than drafting one, two, or four riders in a line; drafting a vehicle at 40 km/h resulted in the greatest decrease in VO2 (62 +/- 6%). VO2 was also 7 +/- 4% lower when the cyclists were riding an aerodynamic bicycle. An aerodynamic set of wheels with a reduced number of spokes and one set of disk wheels were the only wheels to reduce VO2 significantly while the cyclists were riding a conventional racing bicycle at 40 km/h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Hildrew, A. G. "Whole river ecology: spatial scale and heterogeneity in the ecology of running waters." River Systems 10, no. 1-4 (September 18, 1996): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/lr/10/1996/25.

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Eisersiö, M., L. Roepstorff, M. Rhodin, and A. Egenvall. "A snapshot of the training schedule for 8 professional riders riding dressage." Comparative Exercise Physiology 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep140024.

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The aim of this study was to document and categorise riding sessions, carried out by professional riders, by describing the riding sessions according to gait, ridden track, lateral movements, rider position in the saddle and rein length. These data were then analysed relative to horse and rider characteristics, e.g. educational level of horse and rider, time in training and laterality of the horse. Eight professional riders riding 3 familiar horses each participated in the study and the riders were asked to demonstrate their normal routine for flatwork/dressage with each horse. The whole training session was video recorded. Video recordings were scrutinised and data were categorised and analysed. Mixed models were used for the statistical analysis, including rider as random effect. The median length of the riding sessions were 31 min. The riders spent 38% of the riding session at the walk, 39% at the trot, 8% at left lead canter and 9% at the right lead canter. The riders devoted 28-29% of the riding session to riding straight, turning left and turning right and 8% to riding lateral movements. The ridden exercises performed and the duration of the exercises was to a large extent connected to the educational level of the horse and its time in training with the rider. More work at the canter and lateral movements at the trot were included for upper level horses compared to lower level horses. Horses in training for more than one year, compared to less than one year, were ridden for longer durations at the canter and shorter durations at the trot. The disposition of riding sessions needs further investigation. In particular, large scale epidemiological studies of orthopaedic injuries need to consider the daily riding sessions in detail.

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Woodcock, Kathryn, and Janet Tsao. "“Rider Responsibility” and Amusement Ride Accidents: An Observational and Consensus Study of Rider Behaviours." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 19 (September 2005): 1800–1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901910.

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“Rider responsibility” regulations will oblige riders to comply with rules and safety features and to abide by the range and limits of their abilities. This study observed rider errors and analysed inspectors' reports of undesirable rider and operator behaviours. In most errors, provisions for error prevention and error capturing were ineffective, although error tolerance prevented most injury. While inspectors used a discourse of violation to describe undesirable behaviour, the observed errors were goal oriented and made sense in the rider's task or possible mental model. “Rider responsibility” obligations may not eliminate the contextual aspects of the errors resulting in deviation from the existing safety rules.

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Powell, Jaemin, Oliver Stroh, and Geb W. Thomas. "Hardware Design for an Electro-Mechanical Bicycle Simulator in an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment." International Journal of Virtual Reality 18, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2018.18.2.2903.

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Roughly 50,000 people are injured in bicycle collisions with motor vehicles each year. The Hank Bicycle Simulator provides a virtual environment to study and reduce this risk by safely investigating the interaction of bicycle riders and traffic, particularly for bicyclists crossing streets. The bicycle simulator design focuses on the bicycle and rider inertia, the predominant dynamic element for riders moving from a stopped position. The Hank Bicycle Simulator's flywheel provides instantaneous inertial response while a servomotor provides simulated wind resistance to pedaling. This work describes the simulator design and a validation experiment that compares the simulator performance to theoretical predictions. The Hank Bicycle Simulator achieved initial acceleration with less than 0.20% error at realistic rider weights. The observed terminal velocity achieved less than 3.75%, with smaller errors for heavier riders. This allowed the rider to cross a street with about a 60 ms time difference between the simulator and a real-life rider. The Hank Bicycle Simulator was also validated through various physical experiments measuring the system inertia, the time delay of the electrical components, and overall system performance. Such careful system validation for a mechanical feedback system is relatively rare in simulation research and is unique among previous reports of bicycle simulators.

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Shahare, Bhavesh, Shivani Chawde, Rakesh Gudafwar, Harshada Pal, Purvi Bobade, and Shyam Bawankar. "IoT based Smart Motor Cycle Helmet." March 2021 3, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jei.2021.1.002.

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The main purpose of this paper is to urge the two wheeler motor cycle riders to wear a helmet. In India, most of the death cases occur due to the two wheeler accidents. In most of the cases, rider suffers head injuries, which leads to death. In order to reduce the number of accidents, this research work proposes a smart helmet, which will be very useful for the two-wheeler riders. In general, two-wheeler accidents occur due to the high consumption of alcohol by the rider. The proposed smart helmet ensures the safety of the rider, while driving on the road. The proposed model comprises of an alcohol detection, accident identification, location tracking, hands-free device, solar powered module and fall detection. The proposed smart helmet will be connected to the ignition. Henceforth, if the rider does not wear a helmet, the ignition will not be triggered to start the two-wheeler. For handling an emergency situation, GSM module is used to send an alert message to the registered mobile number.

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Engell, M. T., E. Hernlund, A. Byström, A. Egenvall, A. Bergh, H. Clayton, and L. Roepstorff. "Head, trunk and pelvic kinematics in the frontal plane in un-mounted horseback riders rocking a balance chair from side-to-side." Comparative Exercise Physiology 14, no. 4 (December 7, 2018): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep170036.

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For efficient rider-horse communication, the rider needs to maintain a balanced position on the horse, allowing independent and controlled movements of the rider’s body segments. The rider’s balance will most likely be negatively affected by postural asymmetries. The aims of this study were to evaluate inter-segmental symmetry of movements of the rider’s pelvis, trunk, and head segments in the frontal plane while rocking a balance chair from side to side and to compare this to the rider’s frontal plane symmetry when walking. Frontal plane rotations (roll) of the pelvis, trunk and head segments and relative translations between the segments were analysed in twenty moderately-skilled riders seated on a balance chair and rocking it from side to side. Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected using motion capture video. Principal component analysis and linear regression were used to evaluate the data. None of the riders displayed a symmetrical right-left pattern of frontal plane rotation and translation in any of their core body segments. The intersegmental pattern of asymmetries varied to a high degree between individuals. The first three principal components explained the majority of between-rider variation in these patterns (89%). A significant relationship was found indicating that during walking, when foot eversion was present on one side, pelvic/trunk roll during rocking the chair was asymmetric and larger to that same side (P=0.02, slope=0.95 in degrees). The inter-individual variation in the rider’s intersegmental strategies when rocking a balance chair was markedly large. However, there was a significant association to the rider’s foot pattern while walking, suggesting consistent intra-individual patterns over multiple situations. Although further studies are needed to confirm associations between the findings in this study and rider asymmetry while riding, riders’ postural control can likely be improved and this may enhance their sport performance.

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Farmer-Day, C., M. Rudd, J. Williams, H. M. Clayton, and D. J. Marlin. "Rider reported factors influencing choice of stirrup length in dressage, showjumping and eventing, and para equestrianism." Comparative Exercise Physiology 14, no. 4 (December 7, 2018): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep180024.

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The main functions of a saddle are to improve rider stability and comfort, with the stirrups providing support for the rider’s legs. The criteria upon which riders base their choice of stirrup length for different equestrian disciplines does not appear to have been reported. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the factors that play a role in a rider’s choice of stirrup length for different equestrian and para-equestrian disciplines. An online questionnaire consisting of open and closed demographic questions, and 28 Likert scale questions related to factors which are anecdotally associated with stirrup length was distributed via social media horse pages. Respondents were asked to identify factors that influenced their decision making when setting their stirrup length in dressage, showjumping and eventing (dressage, showjumping and cross-country phases). 2,183 participants took part in this study, the majority were female (97%; n=2,131). 8% of the sample (n=184) categorised themselves as para-equestrians. Most respondents (n=1,200) identified themselves as dressage riders (amateur: 89%, n=1,068; professional: 11%, n=132), 665 riders engaged in showjumping (amateur: 87%, n=579; professional: 13%, n=86) and a further 393 riders selected eventing as their primary discipline (amateur: 89%, n= 350; professional: 11%, n=43). All riders consistently ranked feel of stirrups once mounted, how stable stirrups feel once moving and type of saddle being used as the three most important factors when deciding stirrup length across the disciplines. Dressage riders were more greatly influenced by the factors investigated when setting stirrup length then either showjumping or event riders (Kruskal Wallis: P<0.04). For eventing participants, exercise type, safety, saddle type and rider stability were key factors influencing stirrup length selection between different phases of the competition. These factors were generally ranked as more important for the dressage/flatwork phase compared to showjumping or cross country schooling (Kruskal Wallis: P<0.01). Stirrup length is likely to affect rider comfort, performance and safety while having relatively less effect on the horse’s well-being, therefore it is not surprising that riders from all disciplines placed high emphasis on factors related to the rider and saddle.

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Teixeira-Neto, A. R., G. C. Ferraz, A. R. C. Moscardini, G. M. Balsamão, J. C. F. Souza, and A. Queiroz-Neto. "Alterations in muscular enzymes of horses competing long-distance endurance rides under tropical climate." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 60, no. 3 (June 2008): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352008000300004.

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This study tried to monitor the alterations of muscle enzymes activity - creatinokinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) - in a group of horses that participated of 70 and 100km distance rides in five competitions of an annual endurance championship under tropical climate. Pre ride levels (U/l) were 245.13±9.84 for CK, 496.61±14.76 for LDH, and 328.95±8.65 for AST. When compared to these levels, the results revealed a significant decrease in all enzymes activities in the first moment of the rides. Peak levels, significantly different, were reached, immediately after rides by CK (413.591±50.75); 24 hours post rides by LDH (628.61±33.30); and 48 hours after rides by AST (389.89±16.96). Monitoring of recovery period revealed different behavior among enzymes activities with CK values returning to pre ride values (279.61±23.05) 24 hours post rides, while LDH and AST values returned to pre ride values (505.25±33.78 and 359.35±24.90, respectively) 72 hours post rides. These data revealed different alterations in concentration of muscular enzymes in endurance horses directly related to the duration of the effort.

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DeVivo, Antonio, and Paolo Forti. "Natuturingan Cave (Puerto Princesa Underground River, Palawan, Philippines): an astonishing ecosystem to be preserved while improving tourism." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementary Issues 62, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg_suppl/2021/0691.

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Goldstein, Steven J., and Stein B. Jacobsen. "REE in the Great Whale River estuary, northwest Quebec." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 88, no. 3-4 (May 1988): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(88)90081-7.

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Ridge, Emily E., Ron Gill, and Courtney L. Daigle. "66 Future-proofing the feedyard workforce: Survey of Texas beef cattle stockpeople indicates positive attitudes towards animals and the workplace while highlighting opportunities for improvement." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_1 (July 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.005.

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Abstract A survey was administered to Texas cattle feedyard employees (n = 111) from 31 different operations measuring stockperson perception, job satisfaction, and socioeconomic status using Likert statements and multiple-choice questions. Differences among employment roles (manager, pen rider, processor, doctor) were evaluated using a Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a Multiple Comparison procedure. Managers more strongly agreed that “beef cattle are not dirty” than doctors (P = 0.03) and that “cattle behavior is affected by the way we treat them” than pen riders (P = 0.002) or processors (P = 0.01). Managers were less likely than doctors, pen riders and processors to believe they have too many cattle to look after (P = 0.05, P = 0.006 and P = 0.01, respectively). Pen riders reported less confidence in performing euthanasia than doctors (P = 0.02) and managers (P = 0.02), and, along with processors, agreed that cattle were not always euthanized in a timely manner (P = 0.02 and P = 0.02, respectively). While all roles viewed Holstein cattle unfavorably (P < 0.001), processors viewed them more positively than pen riders (P = 0.05) and managers (P = 0.001). Socioeconomic results showed that Texas feedyards have a dedicated, passionate workforce, with 43% of participants having worked in the industry for 9+ years and 49% of participants working at cattle feedyards because they enjoy working with animals. Unfortunately, it was evident that stockpeople are underpaid (57% of participants making between $10–15/hr) and overworked (76% of participants working 50+ hrs/wk). Survey responses identified critical role-dependent knowledge gaps and biases. A disconnect was observed among compensation, workload, and the duration of time stockpeople spend interacting with cattle. Increasing industry investment in feedyard employees and providing breed-specific and employee role-specific education may promote an encouraging workplace that ensures cattle experience good welfare.

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Ridge, Emily E., Ron Gill, and Courtney L. Daigle. "15 Future-proofing the feedyard workforce: Survey of Texas beef cattle stockpeople indicates positive attitudes towards animals and the workplace while highlighting opportunities for improvement." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_1 (July 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.023.

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Abstract A survey was administered to Texas cattle feedyard employees (n = 111) from 31 different operations measuring stockperson perception, job satisfaction and socioeconomic status using Likert statements and multiple-choice questions. Differences among employment roles (manager, pen rider, processor, doctor) were evaluated using a Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a Multiple Comparison procedure. Managers more strongly agreed that “beef cattle are not dirty” than doctors (P = 0.03) and that “cattle behavior is affected by the way we treat them” than pen riders (P = 0.002) or processors (P = 0.01). Managers were less likely than doctors, pen riders, and processors to believe they have too many cattle to look after (P = 0.05, P = 0.006 and P = 0.01, respectively). Pen riders reported less confidence in performing euthanasia than doctors (P = 0.02) and managers (P = 0.02), and, along with processors, agreed that cattle were not always euthanized in a timely manner (P = 0.02 and P = 0.02, respectively). While all roles viewed Holstein cattle unfavorably (P < 0.001), processors viewed them more positively than pen riders (P = 0.05) and managers (P = 0.001). Socioeconomic results showed that Texas feedyards have a dedicated, passionate work force, with 43% of participants having worked in the industry for 9+ years and 49% of participants working at cattle feedyards because they enjoy working with animals. Unfortunately, it was evident that stockpeople are underpaid (57% of participants making between $10–15/hr) and overworked (76% of participants working 50+ hrs/wk). Survey responses identified critical role-dependent knowledge gaps and biases. A disconnect was observed among compensation, workload, and the duration of time stockpeople spend interacting with cattle. Increasing industry investment in feedyard employees and providing breed-specific and employee role-specific education may promote an encouraging workplace that ensures cattle experience good welfare.

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Hudon, Christiane. "Biological Events during Ice Breakup in the Great Whale River (Hudson Bay)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 2467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-246.

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The physical events and changes of abundance of freshwater and marine organisms were documented daily at the mouth of the Great Whale River to a distance of about 5 km in the freshwater plume extending in Hudson Bay. For the 2-wk period before, during, and after the ice breakup, water flow and concentration of coarse (>500 μm) particulate organic matter (CPOM) decreased, while transparency and temperature increased. The Great Whale River outflow to coastal Hudson Bay for that period was estimated to contain 8.8 t of CPOM and 1021 million insects (primarily simulids). Insect drift was positively related to river flow during daylight hours, whereas night drift intensified with receding flow values. The maximum drift of freshwater–anadromous fish larvae (coregonids and Lota lota) coincided with peak flow at ice breakup. A stratified under-ice freshwater plume isolated the freshwater drift material (CPOM, insect larvae, and fish larvae) from the marine community and increased the distance at which terrigenous material was exported into Hudson Bay. During the short period of ice breakup, the Great Whale River contributes substantial amounts of material, which probably stimulates biological production on the coast of Hudson Bay.

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Ganapathy, Venkatesh. "URBAN MOBILITY IN THE ERA OF SHARING ECONOMY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF SMARTPHONE APP BASED RIDESOURCING SERVICES." Journal of Global Economy 13, no. 4 (January 5, 2018): 268–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v13i4.476.

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The advent of sharing economy has led to the immense popularity of urban mobility services among riders across the world. Digital mapping of demand and supply of ride sourcing services has resulted in a win-win situation for the ride sourcing service supply chain that has fewer tiers compared to other service supply chains. Driver-partners are assured of regularity in income and a higher capacity utilization of their capital asset (the vehicle). Riders benefit from cheaper prices and the convenience of organizing a ride right from their doorstep. The transportation network companies like Ola and Uber earn a commission on every ride that provides a steady stream of revenues. Sustaining in the long run will need these companies to understand the satisfaction of riders and also the problems that they face so that service deficiencies can be improved upon. Understanding customer feedback will also enable state governments to relate to the challenges in urban mobility services. A survey was carried among the users of Ola cab services to understand their preferences and opinions about the cab services. The results of the study demonstrate that while gender-based differences do exist in matters of customer perceptions about the cab services, there is tremendous scope for improving cab services in the future.

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Piccolo, Lara, and Kathrin Kienapfel. "Voluntary Rein Tension in Horses When Moving Unridden in a Dressage Frame Compared with Ridden Tests of the Same Horses—A Pilot Study." Animals 9, no. 6 (June 6, 2019): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060321.

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Too much rein tension while riding may compromise the welfare of the horse. But who generates the tension on the reins—the horse or the rider? The primary aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the maximum rein tension that horses voluntarily maintain without a rider compared to rein tension with a rider. A secondary aim was to evaluate conflict behaviours in relation to rein tension. Thirteen horses were used, all fitted with customised “Animon” rein tension sensors (25 Hz, up to 600 N range), free-moving with side reins set in dressage competition frame with the noseline on the vertical. Rein tension was measured at the walk, trot, and canter in both directions in a round pen. The same horses were then ridden by their usual riders and completed the same task on a riding ground. Continuous video recordings were obtained to subsequently quantify the occurrence of conflict behaviours. The difference in mean maximum peak of rein tension with and without a rider for each gait was compared using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. Without a rider, rein tension was significantly lower (Wilcoxon T = 0, p < 0.01, 7.5 N ± 2.8 N) than with a rider (Wilcoxon T = 0, p < 0.01, 24.0 N ± 12.3 N). Regardless of the different rein tensions in the ridden exercise, all of the horses exhibited approximately the same amount of rein tension in the unridden exercise. The frequency of conflict behaviour was higher with a rider than without (11 ± 14 per minute vs. 2 ± 3 per minute; T = 4, p < 0.01).

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Deegan, Linda A., and Bruce J. Peterson. "Whole-River Fertilization Stimulates Fish Production in an Arctic Tundra River." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 1890–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-209.

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Increased growth rates for adult and young-of-the-year Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) were measured after the addition of fertilizer to an oligotrophic Alaskan tundra river. The strongest response to the fertilization was seen in young-of-the-year grayling; the adult response was more variable. Whole-river phosphorus fertilization of the Kuparuk River, Alaska, during 1985–90 resulted in a 1.4- to 1.9-fold increase in the size of age 0+ fish and a 1.5- to 2.4-fold increase in the weight gain of adult grayling in some years. Neutral lipid storage in adult grayling was increased 1.3- to 3.4-fold in the fertilized zone compared with that in fish from the control zone. There was no detectable difference between the zones in gonad mass, percent lipid in eggs, or egg size. These results suggest that autochthonous production is an important energy source for fish in tundra streams and that nutrient limitation of stream ecosystems affects the highest trophic levels. These findings have importance for understanding the function of river ecosystems, for assessing human impacts on rivers, and for managing fisheries.

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Mirsel, Robert. "PEMBONCENG GRATIS GERAKAN REFORMASI DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Ledalero 13, no. 2 (September 3, 2017): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.31385/jl.v13i2.73.239-262.

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Free-rider is one of the problems faced in many social movements. The problem is with those who benefit much from a social movement while never investing, or invest very little, into the movement; meanwhile those who invest and sacrifice much get almost nothing from it. This study is an attempt to explore whether or not there is a free rider phenomenon in the Reformation Movement in Indonesia. The findings of studies show that the Reformation Movement did not bring about significant change for most people in Indonesia except for the free riders: the politicians, top military officials, and big corporations (entrepreneurs) who were once part of the previous Suharto Regime. This study suggests that there should be change in the strategies and tactics of the movement to prevent a free rider problem and give more opportunities to people at the grassroots to benefit from the movement. <b>Kata-kata kunci :</b> Gerakan reformasi, agenda reformasi, pembonceng gratis, masalah pembonceng gratis, revitalisasi gerakan reformasi.

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Merwade, Venkatesh M., David R. Maidment, and John A. Goff. "Anisotropic considerations while interpolating river channel bathymetry." Journal of Hydrology 331, no. 3-4 (December 2006): 731–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.06.018.

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Vari, Richard P., Carl J. Ferraris Jr., and Mário C. C. de Pinna. "The Neotropical whale catfishes (Siluriformes: Cetopsidae: Cetopsinae), a revisionary study." Neotropical Ichthyology 3, no. 2 (June 2005): 127–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252005000200001.

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The catfishes of the subfamily Cetopsinae of the Neotropical family Cetopsidae are revised. Four genera, Cetopsidium new genus, Cetopsis, Denticetopsis, and Paracetopsis Bleeker are recognized as valid. Bathycetopsis, Hemicetopsis, and Pseudocetopsis are considered synonyms of Cetopsis and Paracetopsis Eigenmann & Bean and Cetopsogiton synonyms of Paracetopsis. Thirty-seven species are recognized in the Cetopsinae. Cetopsidium includes six species: C. ferreirai, new species, rio Trombetas; C. minutum, Essequibo River; C. morenoi, central and western portions of río Orinoco; C. orientale, coastal rivers of Suriname and French Guiana, and tentatively rio Tocantins and rio Xingu; C. pemon, new species, río Caura, río Caroni, río Meta, and rio Branco; and C. roae, new species, Rupununi River. Cetopsis includes 21 species: C. amphiloxa, río San Juan, río Atrato, and río Patia, western Colombia, and rivers of northwestern Ecuador; C. arcana, new species, rio Tocantins; C. baudoensis, río Baudo; C. caiapo, new species, rio Tocantins; C. candiru, Amazon basin; C. fimbriata, new species, río Truando; C. coecutiens, rio Amazonas, rio Tocantins, and río Orinoco; C. gobioides, upper rio São Francisco, rio Paraná, río Uruguay, and rio Juquiá; C. jurubidae, río Jurubidá; C. montana, new species, western portions of Amazon basin; C. motatanensis, Lago Maracaibo basin; C. oliveirai, Amazon basin; C. orinoco, río Orinoco, río Aroa, and río Yaracuy; C. othonops, río Magdalena and río Sinú; C. parma, western Amazon basin; C. pearsoni, new species, upper portions of rio Madeira; C. plumbea, western portions of rio Amazonas; C. sandrae, new species, rio Tapajós; C. sarcodes, new species, rio Tocantins; C. starnesi, new species, northwestern río de La Plata and southern rio Madeira; and C. umbrosa, new species, western río Orinoco. Cetopsis chalmersi is a synonym of C. gobioides. Cetopsis macroteronema is a synonym of C. plumbea. Denticetopsis includes seven species: D. epa, new species, rio Tocantins; D. iwokrama, new species, Siparuni River; D. macilenta, Potaro River; D. praecox, río Baria; D. royeroi, upper río Negro; D. sauli, upper río Negro; and D. seducta, new species, western portions of rio Amazonas and río Orinoco. Paracetopsis consists of three species: P. atahualpa, new species, río Tumbes, northwestern Peru, and río Zarumilla, southwestern Ecuador; P. bleekeri, río Guayas and río Santa Rosa, south-western Ecuador; and P. esmeraldas, new species, rivers of northwestern Ecuador. Cetopsis ventralis and C. occidentalis are synonyms of Paracetopsis bleekeri. A neotype is designated for Paracetopsis bleekeri. Lectotypes are designated for Cetopsis candiru, Cetopsis chalmersi, and Cetopsis plumbeus.

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D’Artibale, Emanuele, Jonathon Neville, and John B. Cronin. "Inertial stresses of national and international motorcycle circuit racing riders." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 15, no. 5-6 (July 8, 2020): 728–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954120941162.

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The forces on the human body associated with motorcycle racing are currently unpublished, and this study aimed at quantifying the negative and positive accelerations that circuit racers experience during real competitions via direct measurements in different classes of racing. Kinematical measurements of braking actions and corner exits during competitive laps were identified via GPS signal in 23 riders competing in 13 different circuits and categories (i.e. European Junior Cup 2016, national and world level 600 cc SuperSport). Fully equipped body mass of riders was measured and individual inertial forces were calculated. Riders in an entry-level class championship experienced 87 ± 11 brakes per race, while national and world SS600 class championships were found to have on average 144 ± 14 and 171 ± 28 brakes per race, respectively. For each braking action, the calculated inertial mean force acting on the rider centre of gravity was from 476 to 513 N on average, and peak forces doubling these values. Moreover, the mean inertial forces generated while accelerating to exit the corners were from 300 to 384 N on average, with the WSS class recording 33% larger accelerations compared to the entry category EJC. The findings of this study: suggest that international level riders experience positive and negative inertial loads considerable in volume, frequency and intensity; provide novel information enhancing the knowledge on the performance model for motorcycle circuit racing; and, offer a profile useful for the design of training programmes aiming at preparing riders for competition.

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Benghuzzi, Ham, Christopher Powe, Dennis Watts, Todd Barrett, and Michelle Tucci. "MOTORCYCLE HELMET USE AND FATALITIES IN THE SOUTHEAST REGION OF THE USA." Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation 57, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34107/yhpn9422.04145.

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Introduction: The federal government estimates that per mile traveled in 2018, the number of deaths on motorcycles was nearly 27 times the number in cars. In the United States there is no universal helmet law. In twenty-two states, motorcycle helmets are entirely optional, while in nineteen states and the District of Columbia universal motorcycle helmets laws requiring helmets for all riders regardless of age are implemented and nine states only require younger motorcycle riders to wear a helmet, with varying age limits. Objectives: The overall objectives of this study were to evaluate the following: (1) number of fatalities (with and without helmet use), (2) fatality rate per motorcycle registration, (3) fatality percentage with age, (4) percent fatality due to alcohol impairment, and (5) location of collision impact to the rider in two southern states (Mississippi and Alabama) where helmet laws are established compared with a southern state (Florida) that only requires riders less than 20 years of age to be helmeted. Methods: Data from 2015-2018 were obtained from the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration Reporting System (FARS) and supplemented with state related and CDC data. Results: In all three states, the most common collision was a front-end impact. Mississippi had the highest percentage of motorcycle fatalities even with >80% of riders helmeted when the fatal accident occurred, followed by Florida motorcyclist who are only 50% of the time helmeted. In all three southern states similar percentage of fatalities were seen in each age group with higher fatalities associated with age range of 30-39 years. Conclusions: Variables such as helmet type, distance from a level 1 trauma center, poor roads, weather conditions, and visibility of the rider may also be factors that contribute to a higher incidence of fatality and need to be further investigated to improve motorcycle safety.

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Hofmann, Annette, and Gunnar Oldehaver. "Vertically Linked Industries, Product Quality and Minimum Quality Standards." German Economic Review 17, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geer.12067.

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Abstract This paper extends the seminal model of vertical product differentiation by Ronnen (1991) to a two-tier supply chain. While Ronnen considers the duopoly case, we add a vertical structure such that each downstream firm procures an input from a monopolistic upstream supplier. While simultaneous up- and downstream regulation in the form of a minimum quality standard restores Ronnen’s findings, if only one firm is regulated in the vertical chain, a free-rider effect results: all the bargaining power is given to the non-regulated member of the chain, which uses it to free-ride on the pressure exerted by the regulator onto the other member.

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Chmelnitsky, Elly G., and Steven H. Ferguson. "Beluga whale,Delphinapterus leucas, vocalizations from the Churchill River, Manitoba, Canada." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131, no. 6 (June 2012): 4821–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4707501.

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MUMTAZ, BABAR, Mahmood Ahmed, MUHAMMAD HUSSAIN KHAN, Ayesha Mahmood, and MOHAMMAD WASIF KHAN. "FREQUENCY OF HELMET USE AMONG MOTORCYCLE RIDERS IN RAWALPINDI." Professional Medical Journal 14, no. 04 (October 12, 2007): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2007.14.04.4834.

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Objective: To find the frequence of helmet use as a safety tool andto investigate how many of the motorcyclists are aware of the beneficial effects of using a helmet. Design: A crosssectional study. Place and Duration of Study: In Community Medicine Department of Foundation University MedicalCollege, Rawalpindi from March 2007 to September 2007. Material and Methods: A total of 1000 questionnaires wererandomly distributed among motorcyclists during visits to Lalkurti, Saddar and Karchi chowk in Rawalpindi. Inclusioncriteria included those motor bike rider volunteering to participate in the study.44 responses were invalid and the totalvalid responses were therefore 956. No incentive was offered for participation in the study and no individual follow- upwas possible. Results: From a total sample size of 956 riders 541 were putting on a helmet and 415 were without thehelmet. The frequence of helmet use was therefore 56.6% and that the use non user is 43.4%. A bog majority i.e 80.7%of the respondents left that use of helmet while riding a motorbike should be mandatory while only 19.3% left that itshould be the discretion of the riders.57.6% of the riders left that in case of pillion riding both the riders should put onthe helmet while 42.4% did not support the idea. Conclusion: The study implies that we need to enact and enforcepolicy intervention for mandatory use of helmet, effective traffic law enforcement and imparting awareness among ourmasses especially the younger generation to reduce Road Traffic Accidents. Print and electronic media should beutilize extensively to disseminate basic traffic knowledge at all levels of the society.

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Béland, Pierre. "The Beluga Whales of the St. Lawrence River." Scientific American 274, no. 5 (May 1996): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0596-74.

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Johnston, N. T., C. J. Perrin, P. A. Slaney, and B. R. Ward. "Increased Juvenile Salmonid Growth by Whole-River Fertilization." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 862–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-099.

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Nutrient concentrations, periphyton standing crop and size of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon (O, kisutch) fry increased after the fertilization of a nutrient-deficient stream with inorganic phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Whole-river fertilization of the Keogh River, British Columbia, during 1983–86 to increase summer average nutrient concentrations from < 1 μg P∙L−1 and 25 μg N∙L−1 to 10–15 μg P∙L−1 and 30–100 μg N∙L−1 resulted in five- to 10-fold increases in periphyton standing crops on artificial substrata and 1.4- to 2.0-fold increases in late-September salmonid fry weights. Diatoms and chlorophytes dominated the algal periphyton on artificial substrata at fertilized sites. Cyanophytes were unimportant despite low N:P ratios in some cases. Juvenile salmonids fed primarily on benthic insects. These results suggest that autochthonous primary production can be an important energy source in forested, middle-order streams, and indicate that the manipulation of autochthonous primary production can be a useful management tool to increase salmonid growth in nutrient-poor coastal streams.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Whale Rider'

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