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Devrifqi, Uray Muhammad, and Muhammad Imbarothur Mowaviq. "Rancang Bangun Pembangkit Listrik Hybrid Tenaga Surya dan Bayu Untuk Simulasi Pompa Aerator Kolam 25 W." SUTET 11, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/sutet.v11i1.1455.
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Energi Listrik adalah salah satu energi yang sudah menjadi kebutuhan primer bagi masyarakat. Dalam produksi energi listrik, dibutuhkan pembangkit tenaga listrik yang dalam produksinya tidak merugikan lingkungan yang ada di sekitar. Oleh karena itu teknologi pengembangan pembangkit listrik ramah lingkungan yang sering disebut dengan sebutan EBT ( Energi Baru Terbarukan ) sedang digencarkan, simulasi penggabungan antara PLTS dan PLTB menjadi satu kesatuan sistem hibrida dengan mode off-grid dapat menjadi salah satu solusi alternatif dari permasalahan diatas. Sistem dirancang dengan alur dari pembangkit tenaga surya dan angin dijadikan menjadi satu melalui controller hybrid 700 W, kemudian dari controller akan disalurkan menuju baterai dengan tegangan 12V dan dari baterai akan diteruskan ke beban pompa aerator kolam 25 W dengan pengkonversian tegangan dari 12 V ke 220 V menggunkan bantuan inverter. Dari Hasil monitoring data logger, energi rata – rata per hari yang dapat dihasilkan oleh PLTS adalah kisaran sebesar 316,84 Wh. Sedangkan energi rata – rata per hari yang dapat dihasilkan oleh PLTB adalah kisaran sebesar 67,77 Wh. Lalu pada Hasil monitoring IoT, didapatkan energi rata – rata yang dapat digunakan beban dalam kisaran waktu 14,2 jam adalah sebesar 242,25 Wh. Terdapat energi sisa sebesar 142,36 Wh yang dapat disimpan ke dalam baterai.
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Myung, Seung-Taek, and Ji Ung Choi. "Mn-Rich P′2-Na0.67[Ni0.1Fe0.1Mn0.8]O2 As High-Energy-Densityand Long-Life Cathode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 4 (December 22, 2023): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-024580mtgabs.
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P′2-type Na0.67[Ni0.1Fe0.1Mn0.8]O2 is introduced as a promising new cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) that exhibits remarkable structural stability during repetitive Na+ de/intercalation. The O-Ni-O-Mn-O-Fe-O bond in the octahedra of transition-metal layers is used to suppress the elongation of the Mn-O bond and to improve the electrochemical activity, leading to the highly reversible Na storage mechanism. A high discharge capacity of ≈220 mAh g−1 (≈605 Wh kg−1) is delivered at 0.05 C (13 mAg−1) with a high reversible capacity of ≈140 mAh g−1 at 3 C and excellent capacity retention of 80% over 200 cycles. This performance is associated with the reversible P′2–OP4 phase transition and small volume change upon charge and discharge (≈3%). The nature of the sodium storage mechanism in a full cell paired with a hard carbon anode reveals an unexpectedly high energy density of ≈542 Wh kg−1 at 0.2 C and good capacity retention of ≈81% for 500 cycles at 1 C (260 mAg−1).
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Jackson, Bradford E., Marc E. Emerson, Lisa P. Spees, Chris D. Baggett, Hayley N. Morris, Ana I. Salas, Angelo Moore, et al. "Abstract B106: Assessing racial disparities in the receipt of quality care in the most prevalent cancers in American Indians." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 12_Supplement (December 1, 2023): B106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp23-b106.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION Previous SEER-Medicare analyses reported lower receipt of guideline concordant care for American Indian (AI) compared with White (WH) patients across several cancers. While large scale assessments are informative, there is a need to assess cancer outcomes and develop interventions at a level closer to communities. To address this gap, we assessed measures of quality care in AI and WH breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer patients. METHODS We assembled novel cohorts of AI and WH patients from the North Carolina (NC) cancer registry, the state with the largest AI population east of the Mississippi River. Eligible patients were diagnosed with breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers who linked to public and private insurance claims with continuous enrollment (2003-2019). Measures were assessed within 1 year of diagnosis unless stated otherwise. Breast cancer measures included receipt of: (1) HER2 testing within 3 months of diagnosis [NQF #1878]; (2) Tamoxifen/Aromatase Inhibitors for Stage I-III ER/PR+ [NQF #220]; (3) radiation among stage I-III breast conserving surgery or mastectomy patients [NQF #0219]. Stage II-III colorectal cancer measures included receipt of: (1) carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) testing; (2) surveillance colonoscopy; and (3) computed tomography (CT) among resected patients [NCCN 2.2023 COL-8]. We assessed receipt of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in the first 15 months after prostate cancer diagnosis to monitor disease recurrence. Poisson regression adjusting for sex, urbanicity, insurance type, and age at diagnosis was used to estimate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing the receipt of care between AI and WH patients. RESULTS The sample sizes of AI patients differed across measures, ranging from 104 colorectal to 554 prostate cancer patients. Evidence of disparity was mixed for the breast cancer measures. AI breast cancer patients less frequently received HER2 testing within 3 months of diagnosis (AI=61% vs WH=71%), although adjustment attenuated this association (RR=0.90; CI: 0.81-1.01). Among stage I-III breast cancer patients, AIs more frequently received radiation within 1 year of surgery (AI=75% vs WH=71%) compared with WH patients (RR=1.11; CI: 1.01-1.21). Across colorectal cancer measures, AI patients performed as well or better than WH patients. Notably, AI patients more frequently received CEA testing (AI=71% vs WH=59%), a difference that persisted after adjustment (RR=1.17; CI: 1.03-1.32). AI prostate cancer patients received PSAs less often in the 15 months following diagnosis (AI=82% vs WH=88%) than WH patients (RR=0.96; CI: 0.93-1.00). CONCLUSIONS The magnitude and direction of AI/WH disparities in receipt of quality cancer care differed across measures. Racial misclassification is a challenge in AI health outcomes research, which may misrepresent the experience of AIs. Nevertheless, our findings provide insight into specific areas of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer care where local tailored interventions can be focused to improve care equity. Citation Format: Bradford E. Jackson, Marc E. Emerson, Lisa P. Spees, Chris D. Baggett, Hayley N. Morris, Ana I. Salas, Angelo Moore, Yadurshini Raveendran, Clare Meernik, Tomi Akinyemiju, Rachel Denlinger-Apte, Ronny A. Bell, Stephanie B. Wheeler. Assessing racial disparities in the receipt of quality care in the most prevalent cancers in American Indians [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B106.
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Ben Ayed, Layla, Wenli Yang, Giovanni Widmer, Vitaliano Cama, Ynes Ortega, and Lihua Xiao. "Survey and genetic characterization of wastewater in Tunisia for Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Cyclospora cayetanensis and Eimeria spp." Journal of Water and Health 10, no. 3 (May 30, 2012): 431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2012.204.
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The microbial diversity of wastewater used for irrigation and fertilization was assessed using specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to detect and genotype several pathogenic protists including Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Cyclospora spp., Eimeria spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi. A total of 220 wastewater samples (110 raw, 110 treated) and 12 sludge samples were collected from 2005 to 2008 from 18 treatment plants located throughout Tunisia. Except for Cyclospora, which was detected only once, E. bieneusi (61%), G. duodenalis (28%), Cryptosporidium spp. (27%) and Eimeria spp. (45%) were frequently observed in wastewater and sludge. Sequencing of PCR products showed that C. hominis, C. andersoni, G. duodenalis sub-assemblage A-II and E. bieneusi genotypes D and IV were the most prevalent. An analysis of the distribution of 209 internal transcribed spacer sequences of E. bieneusi originating from wastewater at the 18 treatment plants showed a similar genetic diversity, regardless of the geographical location. The identification of these parasite species and genotypes and of host-specific Eimeria species indicates that the microbial quality of wastewater was impacted by humans, livestock and rodents. Given the public health risks that some of these parasites represent, guidelines on wastewater usage are needed to minimize human exposure to these pathogens.
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Scheller, Maximilian, Axel Durdel, Alexander Frank, and Andreas Jossen. "Model-Based Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Solid-State Batteries: Impact of Laser-Ablated Geometrical Structures." Batteries 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2024): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries10110392.
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Due to challenges in manufacturing composite cathodes with oxide solid electrolytes, new cell concepts are emerging in which the infiltration of solid-polymer electrolyte (SPE) into 3D cathode pore structures improves capacity retention and cycling stability. However, the performance limitation and the resulting practical relevance of such a hybrid concept have not yet been analyzed and discussed. This study investigates the impact of laser-ablated geometric structures on the performance of hybrid solid-state batteries (SSBs). A Doyle–Fuller–Newman modeling approach is developed and parameterized for structured hybrid SSBs that incorporate a PEO/LiTFSI SPE and an LLZO ceramic separator, as well as NMC-811 and Li-metal for the positive- and negative-electrode active materials. Comparison between structured and planar cell designs reveals significant rate capability improvements in structured designs due to reduced diffusion and interfacial charge transfer polarization. A sensitivity analysis of geometric structure parameters shows further potential for performance improvement in terms of specific capacity and energy density. However, current constriction effects in the LLZO separator can deteriorate the rate capability. A more general perspective is then taken by analyzing the impact of changing SPE parameters. An energy density of 128 Wh kg−1 at 1C, and 220 Wh kg−1 at 1C with improved SPE parameters is achieved in the best case, approaching the target of 250 Wh kg−1, which is currently achieved for conventional Li-ion batteries.
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Sánchez, Héctor, Katherine Domenech, Gerardo Rivera, Melvin Pagán, Américo Casas, Paul F. Randel, and Gladycia Muñiz. "Comparison of body dimensions between normal and double muscled Senepol heifers." Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 101, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v101i1.14291.
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Different body dimensions were compared between 16 normally muscled (NM) and 16 heterocygous double muscled (DM) Senepol heifers. Body weight (BW), withers height (WH), hip height (HH), thorarcic perimeter (TP), barrel (BA), shoulder to pin bone distance (SPD), and the internal pelvic width (PW), height (PH), and area (PA) were recorded in each heifer. Also included were the relationships of BW/body dimensions, except for dimensions PW and PH. Data were analyzed by the GLIMMIX and CORR procedures of SAS. The respective genotypes MN and DM did not differ (P>0.10) in BW (415 and 434 kg), WH (both 113 cm), HH (both 120 cm), TP (both 175 cm), B A (209 and 214 cm), B W/B A (1.99 and 2.03 kg/cm), SPD (both 147 cm), PW (both 13 cm), PA (212 and 220 cm2), and BW/PA (1.96 and 1.98 kg/cm2). However, DM heifers tended to present (P<0.10) higher values than NM heifers for BW/WH, BW/HH, BW/SPD, and PH by margins of 0.14 kg/cm, 0.15 kg/cm, 0.12 kg/cm, and 0.59 cm, respectively. Moreover, the BW/TP value was 0.09 kg/cm greater (P<0.05) in the DM than in NM heifers. The correlations between different pairs of body dimensions were lower in the DM than in the NM heifers. These results suggest that the enhanced musculature visually observed in DM heifers must be accompanied by hypotrophy of other body organs and tissues, but not including the pelvic region. This compensatory effect minimizes the posibility of observing differences in body dimensions in vivo between DM and NM heifers.
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Sebayang, Abdi Hanra, Aditya Pangestu, and Rico Aditia Prahmana. "UNJUK KERJA MOTOR BENSIN GENERATOR-SET BERBAHAN BAKAR CAMPURAN BIOETANOL NIRA TEBU." Scientific Journal of Mechanical Engineering Kinematika 7, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/sjmekinematika.v7i2.233.
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Peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar minyak terjadi setiap tahunnya, hal ini disebabkan oleh peningkatan jumlah penduduk. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, dikembangkan bahan bakar alternatif seperti bioetanol. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen untuk menganalisis unjuk kerja motor SI silinder tunggal berbahan bakar campuran bioetanol. Bioetanol dihasilkan dari nira tebu melalui fermentasi dengan bantuan bakteri Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Komposisi campuran bahan bakar yang digunakan adalah 5% bioetanol+95% Premium (Ron 88), 5% bioetanol+95% Pertalite (Ron 90) dan 5% bioetanol+95% Pertamax (Ron 92) yang kemudian dianalisis kinerja genset motor bensin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Premium sebesar 240,9 W memperoleh daya tertinggi dari campuran bioetanol. Konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik berkurang, diperoleh untuk Premium sebesar 1,417 kg/Wh, dan daya campuran bioetanol tertinggi diperoleh untuk Pertalite. Hasilnya menunjukkan daya tertinggi 218,67 W dan torsi 0,803 Nm. Efisiensi termal diperoleh sebesar 38,711% untuk Pertalite. Campuran bioetanol Pertamax memiliki tenaga dan torsi masing-masing 220 W dan 0,875 Nm. Sedangkan nilai konsumsi bahan bakar yang diperoleh adalah 1,573 kg/Wh, dan efisiensi termal campuran adalah 42,524%. Hasil dari penelitian ini akan memberikan wawasan tentang potensi penggunaan campuran bioetanol untuk aplikasi mesin generator dan menawarkan jalur untuk penelitian selanjutnya dalam rasio bioetanol yang berbeda untuk mewujudkan manfaat signifikan dari mesin generator untuk mesin pembakaran dalam.
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Hu, Hao, Xiaogang Sun, Wei Chen, Jie Wang, Xu Li, Yapan Huang, Chengcheng Wei, and Guodong Liang. "Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors Using Boron Nitrogen Double-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Conductive Additive." Nano 14, no. 07 (July 2019): 1950080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292019500802.
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were doped by ammonium borate as the sources of nitrogen and boron. Under the protection of Ar gas, boron-nitrogen doped CNTs were prepared through nitriding and boronization at high temperature. It is a conductive additive. Then, the obtained CNTs were mixed with activated carbon (AC), SP, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and cellulose fiber to prepare electrodes. With all the materials, a symmetric electric double-layer supercapacitor (EDLC) was assembled. Next, the materials and electrodes were also characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The factors, chemical connections, and specific surface area of the CNTs were analyzed by X-ray energy spectrum analysis (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), as well as a specific surface area and porosimetry analyzer (BET). In addition, the electrochemical performances of electric double-layer capacitors were tested with the help of cyclic voltammetry, constant-current charging and discharging, and so on. From the results, we can make a conclusion, that is, both B and N atoms were added into the CNTs and formed bonds successfully with carbon atoms mutually. Besides, the specific surface area is about 1.5 times than that of the CNT. When the charge/discharge current density reaches 50[Formula: see text]mA/g, we can find that the mass specific capacitance of the capacitor can run up to 32.19[Formula: see text]F/g. Also, we observe that the maximum power density is close to 220[Formula: see text]W/kg (700[Formula: see text]mA/g), and the energy density can arrive 9.31[Formula: see text]Wh/kg (50[Formula: see text]mA/g). Based on the impedance test, the electrodes are characterized with low impedance. After 2000 cycles, the boron-nitrogen doped double-layer capacitors maintain a capacitance retention ratio of above 95%. Its power density can still achieve 220[Formula: see text]W/kg when the energy density keeps at 3.46[Formula: see text]Wh/kg. In other words, the electrochemical performance functions of the electric double-layer capacitors are enhanced while the CNTs serve as the electrodes.
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Saeed, Muhammad Sajid. "Investigating the Extent to Which Personality Traits and Demographics Affect Job Satisfaction." Business and Management Horizons 4, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v4i1.9535.
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The primary concern of this paper is to investigatethe extent to which three variables (i.e. personality traits, demographic variables, and job satisfaction) are interrelated with each other and what effect they have on each other in relation to the UK retail sector. The four different types of retail stores i.e. Tesco, Primark, Ikea and WH Smith were selected for survey purpose to minimise the class biasness.Total 300 close-ended questionnaires were distributed and 220 responses were obtained.The findings reveal that ‘Neuroticism’ is negatively associated with job satisfaction as well as with ‘Extraversion’. However, it is positively correlated with other three personality groups including ‘Agreeableness’, ‘Conscientious’, and ‘Openness’. On the other hand, ‘Openness to experience’ has a negative relationship with ‘Agreeableness’.It is also found from the ranking analysis that employees with ‘Agreeableness’ and ‘Conscientiousness’ personalities are more successful in their career and consequently they are more satisfied with their jobs.
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Anisa, Zuffa, and Erwanto Erwanto. "POTENSI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA AIR HUJAN PLTAH SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI LISTRIK PIRANTI ELEKTRONIK RUMAH TANGGA." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 15, no. 2 (August 15, 2024): 1053–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/jrm.v15i2.1671.
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Bibliometric analysis studies of researchers about the use of rainwater as electrical energy are still very few. There is still no utilization of rainwater which is directly used for electrical energy. Analysis of the capacity of the electrical energy requirements of electronic devices shows that the electrical energy requirements for several types of laptops and mobile phones range from (3 – 18) milliwatts per second mWs or (11.02 – 63.13) watt-hour Wh. So that this mini hydropower can be used to turn on LED lights 220 V AC, laptops, and cellphones. Gutters at home that drain water when it rains have a much larger water discharge capacity than a miniature hydropower plant, of course, have enormous potential in independently supplying household electrical energy needs. In which the electrical energy can be used directly or stored in a power saver energy such as Accu, or power bank.
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Pandur, Zdravko, Marin Bačić, Marijan Šušnjar, Matija Landekić, Mario Šporčić, Branimir Jambreković, and Kruno Lepoglavec. "Energy Consumption and Cutting Performance of Battery-Powered Chainsaws." Forests 14, no. 7 (June 28, 2023): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14071329.
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The aim of this research is to measure the energy consumption and compare the cutting performance of three types of battery-powered chainsaws (Stihl MSA 200, Stihl MSA 220, and Stihl MSA 300). Tested chainsaws were powered by two different battery packs (Stihl AP 300 S and Stihl AP 500 S) with different energy capacity and output current when cutting two wooden beams, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) with different densities and moisture content. Energy consumption was measured using a multimeter built-in battery charger housing, and consumed energy was noted in watt-hours. Each individual cut was recorded with an action camera at 60 frames per second, and the duration of the cuts recorded in centiseconds was observed on the obtained recordings. Results show significant differences in energy consumption and cutting duration between individual chainsaw/battery combinations. Energy consumption ranged from 2.45 to 4.50 Wh per cut for beech (Stihl MSA300E_AP500S and Stihl MSA220_AP300S, respectively) and from 3.10 to 5.00 Wh per cut for black locust (Stihl MSA300M_AP500S and Stihl MSA220_AP500S, respectively). Duration of the cut ranged from 3.48 to 9.24 s per cut for beech (Stihl MSA300M/H_AP500S and Stihl MSA220_AP300S, respectively) and from 3.74 to 9.35 s per cut for the black locust (Stihl MSA300M_AP500S and Stihl MSA220_AP300S, respectively). In general, it can be concluded that more powerful chainsaw/battery combinations (Stihl MSA300_AP500S) consumed less energy per cut and had better cutting performance (shorter cut). In that regard, more powerful chainsaws had greater cutting efficiency, i.e., more cuts on one charge (battery) but shorter cutting time on one charge. The effect of tree species (fresh-sawed beech/air-dried black locust) on energy consumption and cutting performance is absent on the most powerful chainsaw/battery combinations. Today, lithium-ion batteries still have 70 times less energy density than petrol. However, if there is a significant increase in the energy density of the batteries in the coming times, battery chainsaws will most certainly displace petrol chainsaws from use in the future.
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Öztürk, Burak, and Fuat Kara. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Machinability and Energy Consumption of Cast Iron Depending on Cooling Rate." Machines 13, no. 2 (January 23, 2025): 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13020084.
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Cooling rates in cast iron significantly impact its microstructure, leading to bainitic transformation instead of ferritic structures, resulting in microstructures with higher pearlite content and even cementite formation. Consequently, this transformation causes hardness values to vary between 160 and 320 HB, directly affecting the material’s machinability. Energy efficiency has become a critical focus in sustainable production techniques and cost-effective machining processes. This variation directly influences machinability, with higher hardness generally improving surface quality. Energy efficiency in machining is crucial for sustainable production, and Specific Cutting Energy Consumption (SCEC) has become a key metric in evaluating machinability. Using genetic algorithms (GA) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM), this study optimized machining parameters for energy consumption and surface finish. GA results indicated that a cutting speed of 200 m/min and a feed rate of 0.15 mm/rev minimized surface roughness to 1.359 Ra while reducing Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) from 3.25 to 2.83 Wh/mL. The lowest surface roughness (1.0 µm) was observed at a hardness of 320 HB, with the same cutting parameters. RSM analysis identified optimal parameters as a cutting speed of 150–200 m/min, a feed rate of 0.2 mm/rev, and a hardness of 220–245 HB, balancing energy efficiency and surface quality. ANOVA showed that cutting speed and feed rate contributed to 30% of the surface roughness variability and 45% of the energy consumption variability.
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Hafiz, Imran Al, Teguh Arfianto, and Waluyo Waluyo. "PLTS Hybrid Power Plant Design – 3000 VA Fuel Generator in the Tourism Village of Cilintung Garut Village." REKA ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (June 3, 2022): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/rekaelkomika.v3i2.70-79.
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This study discusses the design of a 3000 VA PLTS-BBM hybrid power generation system in the tourist village of Kampung Cilintung Situgede Karangpawitan Garut. This is necessary because an energy tourism area will be built there, and it requires an adequate supply of electricity. PLTS is the main electricity supplier combined with the uses of fuel generators to harnest solar radiation in the area. The determination of the initial power energy requirement is 3000 VA or 2550 watts for 18 hours of use so that the energy required is 45900 Wh. The rating of the device used is 48 V. The number of solar panels are 14 panels connected in series-parallel, using 24 units of battery. The generator used is a gasoline generator with a four-stroke engine having a capacity of 3000 W with an electrical output of 220 V AC. The design process also makes use of the PVSyst application. The design of this solar module will be realized in form of a powerhouse to supply the entire tourist village area.
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Mohan Verma, Narendra, Arun Kumar Sah, and Sanjeev Kumar Maurya. "Evaluation of G2350A Polymorphism of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Gene in Chronic Kidney Disease." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 15, no. 1 (March 25, 2018): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2618.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) becomes a major problem for world health. Numerous studies have documented that the polymorphisms in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene may contribute to an individual risk for the loss of kidney function. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible relationship between ACE G2350A gene polymorphism and the risk of CKD in Uttar Pradesh population. A total of 379 (159 CKD patients and 220 healthy controls) subjects were recruited for this study. All subjects were genotyped for G2350A polymorphism by PCR-RFLP method. The significant differences were reported between CKD patients and control groups in height, BMI, WC, WH ratio, SBP, DBP, FBS, serum creatinine, eGFR, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL (p < 0.05); while there was no difference in weight, WC, HC and VLDL. The frequency of AA genotype and A-allele were significantly higher in healthy controls than to patients. Conclusively, this study showed that the G2350A polymorphism may not contribute to CKD risk. Further investigations are warranted in larger sample size to confirm our results.
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Li, Fujie, Chao Wang, and Xiu Song Zhao. "Sodium-Ion Storage Properties of Thermally Stable Anatase." Energy Material Advances 2022 (October 6, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9876319.
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Anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a potential anode material for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs). However, the low electronic conductivity and sluggish ion diffusion kinetics at high rate hamper its practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate a sol-gel approach to the synthesis of thermally stable anatase nanoparticles with a carbon shell as anode materials for NIBs. A sample calcined at 750 °C (designated as H-750TiO2@C) exhibits high-rate capability and excellent stability against cycling with no capacity loss after 2000 cycles at 1 A g-1. In situ X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy characterization results reveal a nearly zero-strain characteristic of the anatase phase during charge/discharge processes. In situ transmission electron microscopy, ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope characterization results of samples collected at different charged and discharged states suggest that the anatase phase undergoes an irreversible sodiation-activation during the initial discharge process to form a sodiated-TiO2 phase. A full cell assembled with H-750TiO2@C as the anode and Na3V2(PO4)3 as the cathode delivers an energy density of 220 Wh kg-1, demonstrating H-750TiO2@C is a potential anode material for NIBs.
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Hong, Zi Jian, Zi Long Tang, Yu Xing Xu, Ye Hong, Ao Tan, and Zhong Tai Zhang. "Mixtures of TiO2·0.2H2O and LiFePO4 as Li-ion Battery Cathode Materials." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 1592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.1592.
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Mixtures of TiO2•0.2H2O (HTO) and LiFePO4 were prepared via three main composite methods: 2-2 series model, 2-2 parallel model and 3-3 model. HTO had been reported to exhibit high specific capacity (~200 mAh/g at 1 C) as well as excellent cycle property, whereas its voltage plateau was too low (about 1.7 V vs. Li) as a cathode material. LiFePO4 was a promising cathode material for its high voltage plateau (about 3.4 V vs. Li), low cost and high specific capacity (~150 mAh/g at 1 C). However, because of its low conductivity, the rate property as well as cycle property was limited. The mixtures of HTO and LiFePO4 were considered to combine the advantages of both materials. By comparison, the 2-2 parallel model excelled in both rate property and cycle property. Its specific capacity can reach as high as 220 mAh/g with a high specific energy of 450 Wh/Kg at 0.1 C. Even after cycled 200 times at 2 C, the capacity can still be higher than 100 mAh/g. CV measurements and a combined constant current and constant voltage tests supported a two plateaus process for 2-2 parallel model. The charge-discharge voltage gap increased for the 2-2 parallel composites, which was supposed to be related to the interface. In general, the specific energy was much higher than HTO while the specific capacity as well as cycle property was much better than LiFePO4 as a cathode material. .
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Raza, Arsalan, Yong Qiang Zhu, Zaigham Nasir Khan, Muhammad Ali, Danish Khan, and Abdul Hameed. "Solar Powered Water Pump Lifting Agriculture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.193.
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Because of the energy crisis in Pakistan farmers are getting serious difficulties in irrigating their crops under such increasing diesel costs. There is a need to facilitate the farmers in alternative ways of powering their water pumps. There are lots of alternative ways, powering water pump, but most economical way is the solar pumping which can bring great outcomes in Farmers of Pakistan whom are facing serious difficulties in irrigating their crops under such severe energy crisis and ever increasing diesel costs. According to one estimate, In Pakistan more than 1Million pumps are in use, out of which 750,000 are diesel driven pumps. If we replace 25% diesel pumps by solar pumps, we can save about 3570 MW of electricity. In this paper 220 W motor is used to operate two days without sunshine or power from the PV panels, 40Wh was required daily as back up, supply a minimum of 880 Wh. Since this is a 12 V system, 880Wh/12V = 73.3 Ah was employed A battery bank should be at least 73.3 Ah, here, since the controller selected had a deep discharge protection at less than 30% of battery capacity, a bank of at least 105 Ah was required. For this project a 105 Ah battery was used as backup and all the simulation is done in the matlab.
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Kim, Yong-Ha. "WH-Less WH-Questions and the Syntax of WHY." Studies in Modern Grammar 121 (March 30, 2024): 25–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14342/smog.2024.121.25.
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This study is concerned with a very peculiar phenomenon in Korean in which WH-questions do not apparently have any WH-phrases but show typical WH-prosodies. This phenomenon has first been reported in Y.-H. Kim (2020), who provides a plausible analysis based on Ko’s (2006) CMH (CP-Modifier Hypothesis). This study is a kind of sequel to his (2020) research, which has the problem of poor experimental data. We, thus, carried out a neatly designed experiment with a number of subjects, and have found out that Y.-H. Kim’s (2020) analysis is indeed verified and can be said to be on the right track. We discuss the results of the experiment and their implications.
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Gao, Yue, Shu Chen, Jason Jolly, Shengfei Wang, Guanbin Wu, Mengyao Zhu, Tiantian Chen, et al. "Resilient and Confined Polymer Microlattices for Low-Swelling, Pressure-Free Lithium Metal Pouch Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 7 (November 22, 2024): 776. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-027776mtgabs.
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Automotive and consumer applications require batteries that last longer, recharge faster, and readily integrate into mass-manufactured battery packs. Of the available cell packaging designs, pouch cells with lithium (Li) metal anodes are attractive because they can achieve ~95% packaging efficiency, allow size and shape flexibility, and have high theoretical specific energy. Li metal anodes, however, suffer from dramatic thickness increases as they are cycled, which leads to pouch cell swelling of up to 220% by volume. Although current Li metal pouch cells incorporate alternative electrolytes, protective layers, and current collectors to prevent Li dendrite growth and stabilize the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), high initial external pressures of 54 to 1,000 kPa are required to suppress cell swelling and maintain stable Li deposition. Maintaining a high pressure is impractical in most applications, requires considerable extra mass and volume not accounted for in reported battery metrics, and increases the complexity of cooling. Despite these applied pressures, Li pouch cells still swell at least 39%, which is far from commercial requirements of less than 10%, causes serious safety issues, and makes integration incompatible with most electric devices. In a cell with 39% swelling, the Li anode swells up to 300% so that the final anode volume is four times the initial volume and the volumetric capacity is 33% of Li’s 2093 mAh cm-3 theoretical capacity, which is lower than the volumetric capacity of lithiated graphite (790 mAh cm-3). Additionally, these challenges are escalated in high-capacity and high-rate Li metal pouch cells. New Li electrode designs that provide control over interfacial chemistry while accommodating the extreme mechanics of Li plating and etching are required to break current technical bottlenecks for practical Li metal batteries. This talk will report the use of architected polymer microlattices that combine chemical and mechanical functions to enable high-rate, swelling-free, and pressure-free Li anodes and anode-less pouch cells. The 3D printed gyroidal polymer contains Li+ affinitive sites that accelerate Li+ transport and the gyroidal microgeometry is highly resilient and confines Li growth. Unlike prior Li anodes and porous Li scaffolds that need an SEI layer across large surface areas, 89% of the Li surface in the gyroid is covered by the polymer and the microgeometry is optimized so the remaining Li-electrolyte interface is protected by a LiF-rich SEI layer generated by F donating groups on the polymer. We study the LiF generated at the polymer and show that it moves up to 100 micrometers across the Li surface to enhance the anode stability. We also show how the combined chemical, mechanical, and geometric control allows dense and void-free Li metal to grow into complex 3D shapes. In a 5 mAh cm-2 pouch cell with zero external pressure, we demonstrate swelling-free Li deposition at 5-30 mA cm-2, or 1–6 C-rates, for over 100 cycles. Li deposition efficiency was 99.86% in a carbonate electrolyte with an areal capacity of 10 mAh cm-2 and 10 mA cm-2 current density. The Li anode achieved a 1,580 mAh cm-3 volumetric capacity. A 366 Wh kg-1 anode-less Li metal pouch cell (15.4 Ah) incorporating polymer microlattices on copper as the anode and a LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC) cathode achieved over 333 cycles with 80% capacity retention. The final cell swelling was below 2%. Insights into the excellent performance of these batteries can provide new paths towards achieving high rate and long life Li metal pouch cells with zero swelling. Figure Caption: Polymer microlattice enabling pressure-free and swelling-free Li metal pouch cells. a, During Li deposition, the growth and merging of Li particles generate voids even under a pressure of 54-1,000 kPa, causing cell swelling of 39-220%. b, Polymer microlattices confine Li deposition in the gyroidal channels through chemical interactions and mechanical resilience. The polymer contains -NH2 or CH2CH2O- groups to accelerate Li+ transport and -SO2F to generate LiF to protect the remaining Li surface. The crosslinked polymer is highly resilient and restrains Li for dense deposition. c,d,Cycling stability (a) and voltage profiles (b) of an anode-less Li metal pouch cell, presenting a cell-level energy density of 366 Wh kg-1. NMC was used as the cathode. e, The measurement of cell thickness upon cycling. 6 sampling points were collected. Figure 1
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Chambers, Matthew S., Ethan Self, Beth L. Armstrong, and Jong Keum. "Exploring a New, Scalable Synthesis Route to Disordered Rock Salt (DRX) Cathode Materials." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 2 (August 9, 2024): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-012189mtgabs.
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The global demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is ever-increasing as many nations seek to achieve a net carbon neutrality by the late 2030s. LiNi x Mn y Co1–x–y O2, (NMC) is one of the most widely-used Li-ion cathode active materials. Despite its excellent performance (e.g., reversible capacities up to ~220 mA h g–1 and 500+ cycles), NMC contains both Ni and Co, which are expensive and have vulnerable supply chains. Li-excess disordered rock salt (DRX) materials are promising new cathode materials that utilize earth-abundant transition metals such as Mn and Ti. Through a combination of cationic and anionic charge compensation, DRX materials can attain specific energies ≥700 Wh kg–1. Doping F– into the DRX structure (Li1+x Mn y Ti2–1–x–y O2–z F z ) has been reported to improve the material’s cycling stability. Despite their promising properties, most DRX cathodes are prepared through solid-state synthesis routes which require high-energy milling, provide little-to-no control over the particle morphology, and are difficult to scale. In this work, we developed a scalable combustion synthesis route (the glycine nitrate process) to produce high purity, high performance DRX cathodes. More specifically, we prepared two DRX precursors with nominal compositions of Li1.2Mn0.5Ti0.3O1.95 and Li1.2Mn0.7Ti0.1O1.85. When the precursors were heated under Ar to 1000 °C for 1 – 4 h, only 50% Li1.2Mn0.5Ti0.3O1.95 adopted a DRX structure, and no DRX formed for Li1.2Mn0.7Ti0.1O1.85. However, adding LiF to the precursors facilitates DRX phase formation during annealing and yields high purity DRX powders with the nominal compositions Li1.25Mn0.5Ti0.3O1.95F0.05 and Li1.35Mn0.7Ti0.1O1.85F0.15. In situ X-ray diffraction was employed to study the synthesis process, revealing DRX begins to form at just 600 °C, which is much lower than traditional solid-state routes. Furthermore, electrochemical tests on the Li1.35Mn0.7Ti0.1O1.85F0.15 cathode reveal these materials attain excellent performance with initial reversible capacities up to 215 mA h g–1 and stable cycling performance. These promising results demonstrate that combustion synthesis is a viable method for the scale-up of DRX materials. This research was conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and was sponsored by the Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) under the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). Some measurements were conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
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Duan, Shuhui, Meiying Zhou, Wen Zhang, Jianwei Shen, Rui Qi, Xiangrong Qin, Hao Yu, Chuanmin Zhou, Qing Hu, and Xue-Jie Yu. "Seroprevalence and asymptomatic carrier status of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan City and other places of China." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): e0008975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008975.
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Wuhan City (WH) in China was the first place to report COVID-19 in the world and the outbreak of COVID-19 was controlled in March of 2020 in WH. It is unclear what percentage of people were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and what percentage of population is carriers of SARS-CoV-2 in WH. We retrospectively analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibody positive rates in 63,107 healthy individuals from WH and other places of China using commercial colloidal gold detection kits from March 6 to May 3, 2020. Statistical approaches were utilized to explore the difference and correlation for the seropositive rate of IgG and IgM antibody on the basis of sex, age group, geographic region and detection date. The total IgG and IgM antibody positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 was 1.68% (186/11,086) in WH, 0.59% (226/38,171) in Hubei Province without Wuhan (HB), and 0.38% (53/13,850) in the nation except for Hubei Province (CN), respectively. The IgM positive rate was 0.46% (51/11,086) in WH, 0.13% (51/38,171) in HB, and 0.07% (10/13,850) in CN. The incidence of IgM positive rates in healthy individuals increased from March 6 to May 3, 2020 in WH. Female and older age had a higher probability of becoming infected than males (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.08–1.65) or younger age (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.06–4.78). The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was relatively low in WH and other places of China, but it is significantly high in WH than other places of China; a large amount of asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2 existed after elimination of clinical cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan City. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 may exist in a population without clinical cases for a long period.
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Nunes, Jairo. "Edge Features and Multiple Wh-Questions." Cadernos de Linguística 2, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 01–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25189/2675-4916.2021.v2.n1.id316.
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Building on Chomsky’s (2000) proposal that A’-movement is triggered by an EPP-type of feature added to phase heads and Bošković’s (2007) proposal that the relevant feature is to be found on the moving element itself, Nunes (2020) has argued that these two apparently conflicting views ultimately instantiate different grammatical options available at UG. He shows that much of the crosslinguistic variation regarding single wh-questions hinges on whether edge features (features that trigger successive cyclic A’-movement) are lexically associated with wh-elements or phase heads and whether the edge features are intrinsically valued or unvalued. In this paper, I extend this approach to multiple wh-questions, showing that these factors also derive the basic typology of multiple wh-questions found in natural languages.
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Kédochim, Flore, and Simone Guesser. "On the readings of pourquoi in wh-questions." Revista Linguíʃtica 16, Esp. (November 7, 2020): 206–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2020.v16nesp.a38048.
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The literature on wh-items such as why in English points out that this element can be associated with two readings, reason and purpose. Following Reinhart’s (2003) typology for causal relations between two events, Tsai (2008) assumes that the semantics of reason involves a relation called Enable, according to which one event is a necessary condition for the other. On the other hand, purpose reading involves a Motivate relation, in which one event either enables or causes the other, mediated by a mental state. Semantic and syntactic restrictions suggest that reason/Enable and purpose/Motivate are readings that involve different syntactic positions, the first being related to the CP system, and the second to the vP area. With regard to the French wh-item pourquoi, there are few studies that address this issue. According to these studies, the reason/Enable reading is the only possible reading for pourquoi. In order to deepen the matter in question, this work investigated the interpretation properties of pourquoi through a non-chronometric offline experimental study. The results show that this wh-item can have a purpose/Motivate reading in addition to a reason/Enable reading in interrogative sentences.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------SOBRE AS LEITURAS DE POURQUOI EM INTERROGATIVAS WH-A literatura sobre sintagmas-wh como o why do inglês aponta que esse elemento pode veicular dois tipos de leitura, de razão e de propósito. Seguindo a tipologia de Reinhart (2003) para relações causais entre dois eventos, Tsai (2008) assume que a semântica de razão envolve uma relação chamada Habilitação, segundo a qual um evento é uma condição necessária para o outro. Por outro lado, a leitura de propósito envolve a relação de Motivação, segundo a qual um evento habilita ou causa o outro, sendo mediado pelo estado mental de um sujeito agente. Restrições semânticas e sintáticas sugerem que razão/Habilitação e propósito/Motivação são leituras que envolvem diferentes posições sintáticas, sendo a primeira relacionada ao sistema CP, e a segunda ligada à área do vP. No que diz respeito a pourquoi, são poucos os estudos que tratam do assunto. Segundo esses estudos, apenas a leitura de razão/Habilitação é veiculada por esse elemento. Com o objetivo de aprofundar essa questão, o presente trabalho investigou as propriedades interpretativas de pourquoi através de um estudo experimental off-line não cronométrico. Os resultados mostram que esse sintagma, além de veicular a intepretação de razão/Habilitação, pode também apresentar a leitura propósito/Motivação em sentenças interrogativas.---Original em inglês.
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Usman, Bashir, and Baba-Kura Alkali Gazali. "A Minimalist Account of Wh-Movement in Fulfulde." Language and Semiotic Studies 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lass-2020-060105.
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Brown, Aaron E., Jessica M. M. Adams, Oliver R. Grasham, Miller Alonso Camargo-Valero, and Andrew B. Ross. "An Assessment of Different Integration Strategies of Hydrothermal Carbonisation and Anaerobic Digestion of Water Hyacinth." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 16, 2020): 5983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225983.
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Water hyacinth (WH) is an invasive aquatic macrophyte that dominates freshwater bodies across the world. However, due to its rapid growth rate and wide-spread global presence, WH could offer great potential as a biomass feedstock, including for bioenergy generation. This study compares different integration strategies of hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) and anaerobic digestion (AD) using WH, across a range of temperatures. These include (i) hydrochar combustion and process water digestion, (ii) hydrochar digestion, (iii) slurry digestion. HTC reactions were conducted at 150 °C, 200 °C, and 250 °C. Separation of hydrochars for combustion and process waters for digestion offers the most energetically-feasible valorisation route. However, hydrochars produced from WH display slagging and fouling tendencies; limiting their use in large-scale combustion. AD of WH slurry produced at 150 °C appears to be energetically-feasible and has the potential to also be a viable integration strategy between HTC and AD, using WH.
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Ashoka Sahadevan, Suchithra, Sulay Saha, Shrihari Sankarasubramanian, and Vijay K. Ramani. "Pyrochlore Electrocatalyst for Cathodes in Potassium-Oxygen Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 7 (August 28, 2023): 2878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0172878mtgabs.
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Metal−oxygen (M−O2) batteries promise some of the highest theoretical energy densities amongst battery systems (Li-O2 ~3458 Wh/kg, Na-O2 ~1605 Wh/kg, K-O2~935 Wh/kg). Despite the high energy density, Li-O2 batteries suffer critical challenges such as high overpotential, limited cycle life and low practical capacities.1 In this context, K−O2 batteries received greater attention as it exhibits the lowest charge/discharge overpotentials (50 mV), high stability and reversibility of the superoxide product (KO2) formed via a single electron transfer reaction. This is in contrast to the higher charge overpotentials (1000 mV/200 mV) and peroxides products formed in Li–O2/Na–O2 batteries.2 The choice of DMSO as an electrolyte for K-O2 batteries, due to its high donor number and KO2 production was previously studied in our group.3,4 In this work, 1M potassium triflate in DMSO is used as electrolyte and different platinum and pyrochlore-based electrocatalyst (Pb2Ru2O7-x) are studied to enhance oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. The charge-discharge polarization was further studied using a symmetric cell with carbon felt and Pb2Ru2O7−x coated carbon felt using DMSO-based K+ electrolytes. The cathode electrodes are characterized using Raman and SEM-EDX. Chem Rev. 2020, 120, 6626–6683; 2. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2020, 11, 7849–7856; 3. J. Phys. Chem. C 2018, 122, 19319–19327; PNAS. 2019, 116, 14899-14904 Figure 1
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Motaleb, K. Z. M. Abdul, Brigita Abakevičienė, and Rimvydas Milašius. "Development and Characterization of Bio-Composites from the Plant Wastes of Water Hyacinth and Sugarcane Bagasse: Effect of Water Repellent and Gamma Radiation." Polymers 15, no. 7 (March 23, 2023): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15071609.
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Plant waste is a huge source of natural fibers and has great potential in the field of reinforced polymer composites to replace the environmentally harmful synthetic composites. In this study, fibers were extracted from water hyacinth (WH) petiole and sugarcane bagasse (SB) to make nonwovens by wet-laid web formation, and reinforced on the polyester (P) and epoxy (E) resins to make four types of composites namely, water hyacinth nonwoven reinforced epoxy (WH + E), water hyacinth nonwoven reinforced polyester (WH + P), sugarcane bagasse nonwoven reinforced epoxy (SB + E) and sugarcane bagasse nonwoven reinforced polyester (SB + P) composites. Water repellent (WR) on the nonwovens and gamma radiation (GR) on the composites were applied to improve the hydrophobicity and mechanical properties, such as tensile strength (TS), elongation at break and tensile modulus (TM) of the composites. The morphological structure of the fiber surfaces and tensile fractures were analyzed by SEM. FTIR spectra showed changes in functional groups before and after treatment. XRD analysis exhibited an increase in crystallinity for gamma-irradiated composites and a decrease in crystallinity for WR-treated composites compared to untreated composites. The SB composites (SB + E, SB + P) and polyester composites (WH + P, SB + P) showed higher water absorbency and lower mechanical properties than the WH composites (WH + E, WH + P) and epoxy composites (WH + E, SB + E), respectively. Hydrophobicity improved significantly by approximately 57% (average) at a concentration of 10% WR. However, TS and TM were reduced by approximately 24% at the same concentration. Thus, 5% WR is considered an optimum concentration due to the very low deterioration of TS and TM (<10%) but significant improvement in hydrophobicity (~39%) at this dose. On the other hand, GR treatment significantly improved TS, TM and hydrophobicity by 41, 32 and 25%, respectively, and decreased Eb% by 11% at a dose of 200 krd. However, mechanical properties and hydrophobicity deteriorated with further increase in dose at 300 krd. Thus, 200 krd is considered the optimum dose of GR.
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Gupta, Vijeta, Mukesh Kumar, Vikram Singh, Lakshmi Chaudhary, Shikha Yashveer, Ravika Sheoran, Mohinder Singh Dalal, et al. "Genotype by Environment Interaction Analysis for Grain Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.) em.Thell) Genotypes." Agriculture 12, no. 7 (July 11, 2022): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12071002.
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Genotype environment interaction and stability performance were investigated on grain yield per plot in eight environments during Rabi (here, rabi means that a crop has been grown in Rabi season: crops that are sown in winter and harvested in spring in the Indian subcontinent) 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 using 100 diverse wheat genotypes. Research was conducted at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana in India. The analysis of variance revealed that genotype, environment and their interaction had a highly significant effect on the yield as reflected in Eberhart and Russel model and The Eberhart and Russell model indicated the suitability of the genotypes WH 1142, PBW 661, PBW 475 and DBW 17 with high mean, bi > 1 and non-significant deviation from regression to favorable environment, whereas the genotypes UP 2660 and DBW 88 with high mean, bi < 1 and non-significant deviation from regression were found suitable for poor environment. The Additive Main Effects and Multipicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis of variance for grain yield per plot across the environments showed that 26.41% of the total variation was attributed to genotypic effects, 70.22% to environmental effects and 3.37% to genotype × environment interaction effects. AMMI biplot study indicated the genotypes PBW 750, DPW 621-50, WH 542, PBW 486, PBW 661 and WH 1192 stable across the environments as they did not exert strong interactive forces; hence, they were selected as potential candidates for possible release in the study areas. Furthermore, the which-won–where model indicated the adaptation of genotypes PBW 706, PBW 769, DBW 116, WH 1157, WH 789 and WH1186 to first mega-environment and genotypes DBW 16, WH 1152, WH 1105 and PBW 503 in the second. These genotypes could be utilized in breeding programs to improve grain yield in bread wheat and may be used as stable breeding material for commercial cultivation.
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Ademola, Janet A., and Oluwaferanmi R. Ojeniran. "Radon-222 from different sources of water and the assessment of health hazard." Journal of Water and Health 15, no. 1 (November 7, 2016): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2016.073.
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Water samples collected from different sources were analysed for radon concentrations in order to evaluate the health effect associated with radon in water. The radon concentrations were in the range of 3.56–98.57, 0.88–25.49, 0.73–1.35 and 0.24–1.03 Bq.L−1 for borehole, well, packaged and utility water, respectively. Samples from boreholes had the highest radon concentrations with about 67% being higher than the threshold value of 11.1 Bq.L−1 recommended by the USEPA. The mean annual effective dose (AED) due to ingestion for adult, child and infant ranged from 8.71 × 10−3 to 0.831 mSv.y−1 for the different sources. The mean AED calculated for consuming water from boreholes and wells for the three age groups were higher than the recommended reference dose level of 0.1 mSv.y−1. The mean AED due to inhalation of radon in drinking water was negligible, ranging from 0.13 to 6.20 μSv.y−1. The health burden associated with radon in water in the study is through ingestion of water directly from boreholes.
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Rani, Sarita, Suresh Kumar, Virender Singh, and Jagdish Parshad. "Assessing varietal tolerance and weed control effectiveness of metribuzin-based herbicide mixtures in wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, no. 6 (February 23, 2022): 737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i6.111327.
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A field experiment was conducted during 2014–15 and 2015–16 at Research Farm of Department of Agronomy,CCSHAU, Hisar. The experiment comprised five wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties (WH 1105, HD 2967, DPW621-50, WH 1124 and DBW 17) in main plots and six weed management practices, viz. metribuzin (210 g/ha),metribuzin + fenoxaprop (150 + 100 g/ha), metribuzin + pinoxaden (150 + 40 g/ha), metribuzin + clodinafop (150+ 45 g/ha), weed free and weedy check in sub-plots was conducted in split-plot design with three replications. Thepopulation and dry matter accumulation of weeds were not affected by wheat varieties. Wheat variety WH 1105resulted in maximum grain yield and remained at par with HD 2967 and DPW 621-50, but statistically superior toDBW 17 and WH 1124. Minimum population of grassy and total weeds and dry matter accumulation by them wasobserved with metribuzin + fenoxaprop, being at par with other two combinations of metribuzin. But, the densityand dry matter of broad leaved weeds was minimum with metribuzin alone (210 g/ha). Among herbicidal treatments, metribuzin + fenoxaprop (150 + 100 g/ha) remained superior with maximum grain yield
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Zhang, Xia, Zong Shou Cai, and Jian Wen Ruan. "Effects of Compressing Pressure, Screen Size and Moisture Content on Pellets Density of Water Hyacinth." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.63.
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Water hyacinth (WH) has been one the most troublesome caused by invasive species in the warm regions over the world. However, it has the potential to be compressed into biomass pellets as a local source of substitute and renewable solid fuel in the future. The method and preparation of comperssing WH pellets were investigated in this study using a compressing apparatus in the lab. WH samples were ground by a hammer mill with three different screen sizes (2.0, 3.0and 4.0mm), compressed with five levels of compressing forces (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000N) at three levels of moisture content (10%, 15% and 20% wb). The density of each sample pellets was calculated and recorded. The effects of compressing pressure, screen size and moisture content on pellets density were analyzed depending on the statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was found in this study that all the three factors except screen size affected WH pellets density significantly, high quality of WH pellets in terms of high pellets density can be obtained under a compressing pressure about 80MPa and at a moisture contnet about 15% (wb).
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Abdulla, Ahmad M., Tracy W. Lin, and Kathleen M. Rospenda. "Workplace Harassment and Health." Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 65, no. 11 (November 2023): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000002915.
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Objective We examine relationships between workplace harassment (WH) and onset of health conditions over a 23-year period. Methods Participants were surveyed at seven points between 1997–2006 and again in 2020. Regression analyses (n = 921) assessed effects of chronic WH exposure on onset or recent health conditions by 2020. Results Growth mixture modeling revealed infrequent and chronic classes of generalized workplace harassment (GWH; 33.39% chronic) and sexual harassment (SH; 32.32% chronic). Prevalence of health conditions ranged from 3.71% for myocardial infarction to 43.06% for hypertension. Analysis via propensity score matching showed chronic WH class membership increased odds of coronary heart disease (GWH, odds ratio [OR] = 3.42, P < 0.05), arthritic/rheumatic conditions (SH, OR = 1.56, P < 0.05), and recent migraine (SH, OR = 1.68, P < 0.05). Conclusions Workplace harassment is associated with coronary heart disease, arthritic/rheumatic conditions, and migraine. Worker health can be protected through strengthening and enforcing organizational and social antiharassment policies and laws.
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Deenadayalan, Vaishali, Siri Chandana Swarna, Jay Vakil, Junglee Kim, Ekrem Turk, and Shweta Gupta. "Racial disparities and clinical outcomes among cancer patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A nationwide analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): e18568-e18568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e18568.
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e18568 Background: The novel SARS COV2 pandemic highlighted existing racial disparities in US healthcare. The impact was further amplified in the cancer community. We studied the racial disparities in the clinical outcomes of cancer patients who were hospitalised with COVID-19 infection. Methods: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) 2020 was queried to identify adult patients (Age > 18 years) admitted for COVID with underlying cancer using the ICD-10 codes. Study population was stratified based on race (White vs African Americans vs Hispanics). Primary outcomes included mortality, length of stay (LOS), and total hospitalization charges (THC). Secondary outcomes included prevalence of pulmonary embolism (PE), ICU admission, acute respiratory failure (ARF), blood transfusion, and sepsis. Statistics were performed using multivariate linear and logistic regression using STATA v17. Results: There were 53,465 adult admissions for COVID in cancer patients. Among them 30,605 (58.8%) were White (WH), 9580 (18.4%) were African Americans (AA), 8225 (15.8%) were Hispanics (HISP). HISP and AA were significantly younger compared to WH (61.7 vs 65.8 vs 72.4, p < 0.001). HISP had lowest Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) compared to whites (50.4% vs 67.7%, p < 0.001). AA had highest rates of all medical comorbidities except dyslipidemia and COPD which was higher in WH. Of the 8135 (15.2%) patients that died during the admission, 60% (N = 4880) were WH, 17.1% (N = 1390) were AA whereas 13.5% (N = 1100) were HISP. Compared to WH, HISP had a higher odds of mortality (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.03-1.48; p = 0.022), there was no difference in the odds of mortality between WH and AA. The LOS was increased for AA and HISP compared to WH (9.1 vs 9.44 vs 7.78 days, p < 0.001). The total hospitalization charges was also higher for AA and HISP compared to WH ($90,680 vs $123,894 vs $74,126, p < 0.001). HISP patients had higher odds of requiring intubation, blood transfusion, shock and sepsis than WH. Conclusions: Despite being significantly younger with lower comorbidity burden, HISP, had an increased odds of mortality compared to WH patients. Contrary to reported literature (PMID: 35344045), there was no significant difference in the odds of mortality between WH and AA. Further studies are needed to explore the reasons for high mortality in HISP patients. [Table: see text]
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Camphor, H. S., S. Nielsen, Z. Bradford-Hartke, K. Wall, and R. Broome. "Retrospective epidemiological analysis of SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance and case notifications data – New South Wales, Australia, 2020." Journal of Water and Health 20, no. 1 (October 18, 2021): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.275.
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Abstract This epidemiological study analysed SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance and case notifications data to inform evidence-based public health action in NSW. We investigated measures of association between SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments detected in wastewater samples (n = 100) and case notifications (n = 1,367, as rates per 100,000 population) within wastewater catchment areas (n = 6); and evaluated the performance of wastewater testing as a population-level diagnostic tool. Furthermore, we modelled SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragment detection in wastewater given the case notification rate using logistic regression. The odds of a viral detection in wastewater samples increased by a factor of 5.68 (95% CI: 1.51–32.1, P = 0.004) with rates of one or more notified cases within a catchment. The diagnostic specificity of wastewater viral detection results was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.69–0.97); the overall diagnostic sensitivity was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.33–0.56). The probability of a viral detection result in wastewater exceeded 50% (95% CI: 36–64%) once the case rate within a catchment exceeded 10.5. Observed results suggest that in a low prevalence setting, wastewater viral detections are a more reliable indicator of the presence of recent virus shedding cases in a catchment, than non-detect results are of the absence of cases in a catchment.
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Trang, Do Thuy, Wim van der Hoek, Phung Dac Cam, Khuong Thanh Vinh, Nguyen Van Hoa, and Anders Dalsgaard. "Low risk for helminth infection in wastewater-fed rice cultivation in Vietnam." Journal of Water and Health 4, no. 3 (April 1, 2006): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2006.013.
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This study was done to assess the risk of helminth infection in association with wastewater-fed rice cultivation in an agricultural setting of Nam Dinh city, Vietnam. In a cross sectional survey data were collected for 202 households in a commune where wastewater was used for irrigation and for 201 households in a commune that used river water. Parasitological examination was conducted on single stool samples obtained from 1,088 individuals aged ≥15 years from the households. The irrigation water used in both communes was enumerated for helminth eggs and thermotolerant coliforms. The prevalence of infection with Ascaris spp., Trichuris spp., and hookworm was 42.2%, 19.9% and 10.5% respectively, with an overall prevalence of infection with any helminth of 53.4%. Surprisingly, the prevalence of infection with Ascaris and Trichuris was lower among people exposed to wastewater (containing 40–200 helminth eggs/l and 104 thermotolerant coliforms/100 ml) compared to people exposed to river water that contained lower worm egg and bacterial numbers. Poor sanitation and hygiene practices and not using protective measures were important independent risk factors for helminth infection. For hookworm infection, no significant difference was observed between the wastewater exposed and unexposed groups. Children living in the wastewater use area had a significantly better nutritional status than those in the area using river water. This suggests a generally higher welfare level of the wastewater use area. In conclusion, this study showed no evidence that rice cultivation with wastewater poses a risk for helminth infection. More detailed studies are needed on the reduction of fecal indicators and helminth eggs in peri-urban wastewater-irrigated rice culture systems and on the relative importance of wastewater irrigation compared to other risk factors for human helminth infection such as poor sanitation and poverty.
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Kim Dong, Nguyen Thi, and Nguyen Van Thu. "Effects of using Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes L.) in the Diet of Swamp Buffaloes on Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Environment, Purine Derivatives, and Nitrogen Retention." Journal of Buffalo Science 12 (April 28, 2023): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.03.
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The present experiment aims to evaluate the effects of incremental levels of water hyacinth (WH) in Para grass (Brachiaria mutica) based on the diet on nutrient intake, digestibility, and nitrogen retention of growing swamp buffaloes. Four male buffaloes of 305 ± 8.40 kg were allocated in a 4x4 Latin square design. The treatments were 25, 50, 75, and 100% WH (DM basis), replacing the Para grass (PG) corresponding to WH25, WH50, WH75, and WH100 treatment. Urea-molasses cake was used to supply the dietary crude protein intake so that this was 210 g/100 kg live weight per day for all the treatments (DM basis). The results showed that although the dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and metabolizable energy (ME) intake were not significantly different (P>0.05) among the treatments, these were numerically higher for the WH50 treatment. Especially in the daily ME intake (MJ/k g LW) was 39.1, 43.4, 41.7, and 39.9 for the WH25, WH50, WH75, and WH100 treatments, respectively. With 50% WH replacing PG in the diet, it gave potential for better nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, and daily weight gain in the present study. In conclusion, WH could be used to replace PG in buffalo diet up to 100%. At a level of 50% replacement of WH to PG in the buffalo, the diet was optimum based on the utilization of nutrients and energy of WH, lower feed cost, and environmental improvement.
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SARITA RANI, SURESH KUMAR, V.S. HOODA, and SATISH KUMAR. "Bio-efficacy of metribuzin based herbicide mixtures on weeds and productivity of wheat." Indian Journal of Agronomy 66, no. 4 (October 10, 2001): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v66i4.2885.
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A field experiment was conducted during 201415 and 201516 at Hisar, Haryana, to study bioefficacy of metribuzin-based herbicide mixture on weeds and producitivty of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design comprising 5 wheat varieties WH 1105, HD 2967, DPW 621-50, WH 1124 and DBW 17 in main plots and 6 weed-management practices, viz. metribuzin (210 g/ha), metribuzin + fenoxaprop (150 + 100 g/ha), metribuzin + pinoxaden (150 + 40 g/ha) metribuzin + clodinafop (150 + 45 g/ha), weed-free and weedy check, in subplots, each replicated thrice. The wheat varieties did not affect the weed den- sity and weed dry-matter accumulation. Wheat variety WH 1105 resulted in the maximum grain, straw and biologi- cal yields, being statistically at par with HD 2967 and DPW 621-50, but significantly better over DBW 17 and WH 1124. Among the herbicides, the density of grassy and total weeds and their dry-matter accumulation at all stages were observed minimum with metribuzin + fenoxaprop which remained at par with other 2 combinations of metribuzin, whereas density and dry matter of broad-leaf weeds were found minimum with metribuzin alone (210 g/ha). Alone application of metribuzin resulted in the lowest grain yield of wheat as compared to all the other herbi- cidal treatments.
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Wei, Ting-Chi. "The Structure of Split Questions in Mandarin Chinese." Studies in Chinese Linguistics 41, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scl-2020-0001.
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AbstractThis article proposes a pro analysis for split questions (SQs) in Chinese, dissimilar to the biclausal account employing focus movement and deletion in Arregi 2010 and the one employing the silent head in Kayne 2015 and Tang 2015. SQ consists of a wh-clause and a tag clause. We argue that the entire SQ is an information/confirmation-seeking question, represented by a Speech Act Phrase (SAP)-shell structure (Speas and Tenny 2003; Oguro 2017, etc.) with wh-clause in its specifier and the tag in its complement. The tag of Chinese SQ is a base-generated clause, [pro (copula) tag ma/ne], composed of an empty subject pro, an optional copula, a tag, and a final particle, instead of being derived from a fully-fledged structure parallel to the wh-part akin to those of English and Spanish SQs. Such a pro analysis overcomes difficulties encountered in the other accounts regarding the distribution of the final particles and their clause-typing, the optionality of the copula, the ubiquitous uses of tag, the connectivity effects, and the island-insensitivity. Analytically, two seeming variants of SQ imply that the derivation of an SQ depends on whether its tag moves and whether a copula exists.
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Anderson, Ekaterina, Renda Soylemez Wiener, Brianne Molloy-Paolillo, Megan McCullough, Bo Kim, J. Irene Harris, Seppo T. Rinne, A. Rani Elwy, and Barbara G. Bokhour. "Using a person-centered approach in clinical care for patients with complex chronic conditions: Perspectives from healthcare professionals caring for Veterans with COPD in the U.S. Veterans Health Administration’s Whole Health System of Care." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (June 23, 2023): e0286326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286326.
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Background The largest nationally integrated health system in the United States, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), has been undergoing a transformation toward a Whole Health (WH) System of Care. WH Clinical Care, a component of this system, includes holistically assessing the Veteran’s life context, identifying what really matters to the Veteran, collaboratively setting and monitoring personal health and well-being goals, and equipping the Veteran with access to conventional and complementary and integrative health resources. Implementation of WH Clinical Care has been challenging. Understanding healthcare professionals’ perspectives on the value of and barriers and facilitators to practicing WH Clinical Care holds relevance for not only VHA’s efforts but also other health systems, in the U.S. and internationally, that are engaged in person-centered care implementation. Objectives We sought to understand perspectives of healthcare professionals at VHA on providing WH Clinical Care to Veterans with COPD, as a lens to understand the broader issue of WH Clinical Care for Veterans living with complex chronic conditions. Design We interviewed 25 healthcare professionals across disciplines and services at a VA Medical Center in 2020–2021, including primary care providers, pulmonologists, palliative care providers, and chaplains. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Key results Each element of WH Clinical Care raised complex questions and/or concerns, including: (1) the appropriate depth/breadth of inquiry in person-centered assessment; (2) the rationale for elicitation of what really matters; (3) the feasibility and appropriate division of labor in personal health goal setting and planning; and (4) challenges related to referring Veterans to a broad spectrum of supportive services. Conclusions Efforts to promote person-centered care must account for healthcare professionals’ existing comfort with its elements, advocate for a team-based approach, and continue to grapple with the conflicting structural conditions and organizational imperatives.
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Wongkittiporn, Abhinan. "Syntactic Functions and Pragmatic Aspects of Preposition Stranding and Preposition Pied-Piping with wh-Relativizers: Perspectives from English Novels." Asia Social Issues 16, no. 6 (May 10, 2023): e259457. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/asi.2024.259457.
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This study examines syntactic functions and pragmatic aspects of preposition stranding (PS) and preposition pied-piping (PP) with wh-relativizers as used in English novels. While previous studies focusing on the syntactic functions and pragmatic aspects of PS and PP with wh-relativizers selected the data from international corpora and academic research articles, this study contributes to the perspectives of English novels. The materials in this study were gathered from nine best-seller English novels (www.amazon.com). They are The Power of One (Courteney, 2007), Naked Lunch (Burroughs, 2016), Tenant of Wildfell Hall (Brontë, 2016), Middlemarch (Eliot, 2019), A Class of Kings (Martin, 2019), The Nature of Middle-Earth (Tolkien, 2021), Moby Dick (Melville, 2020), The Promise (Galgut, 2022) and Far from the Madding Crown (Hardy, 2022). Approximately 450,000 words of English novels provided 51 tokens, referring to sentences. The data analysis of PS and PP with wh-relativizers follows Radford’s (2009) generative grammar. The results in this study show that PP with wh-relativizers occurs at 92.16 percent, whilst the occurrences of PS in this study are only 7.84 percent. The syntactic functions of PP with wh-relativizers are always used as adjuncts. The higher frequency of PP with wh-relativizers in English novels is explained by markedness theory and standard English, whereas the lower frequency of PS is due to archaic form and spoken register. It is hoped that the results in this study will be useful for learners of English as a Second Language (ESL) and learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in terms of applying the use of PS and PP with wh-relativizers in writing English novels and writing English short stories accurately and appropriately.
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String, Gabrielle M., Eduardo Vargas Gutiérrez, and Daniele S. Lantagne. "Laboratory efficacy of surface disinfection using chlorine against Vibrio cholerae." Journal of Water and Health 18, no. 6 (November 13, 2020): 1009–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2020.199.
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Abstract Disinfecting surfaces with chlorine is commonly conducted in cholera outbreaks to prevent ongoing fomite-based transmission, yet evidence gaps have led to contradictory guidance. In this study, we tested the efficacy of spraying and wiping chlorine on five representatives non-porous and five porous surfaces to remove Vibrio cholerae. In total, 120 disinfection tests were run in replicate on carriers inoculated with 1.02 × 107–1.73 × 108V. cholerae CFU/cm2. Surfaces disinfected by spraying 0.2% chlorine had >3 log reduction value (LRV) on 7/10 and 9/10 surfaces at 1 and 10 min, respectively; and 2.0% chlorine on 9/10 and 10/10 surfaces at 1 and 10 min, respectively. Surfaces disinfected by wiping 0.2% chlorine had >3 LRV on 3/10 and 7/10 surfaces at 1 and 10 min, respectively; and 2.0% chlorine on 8/10 surfaces at 1 and 10 min. We found no significant differences between chlorine types (p < 0.05), higher reductions with spraying compared to wiping (p = 0.001), and lower reductions on porous compared to non-porous surfaces (p = 0.006 spraying and p < 0.001 wiping). Our results support using 0.2% chlorine sprayed on all surfaces, or wiped on most non-heavily soiled surfaces, and a 2.0% concentration on contaminated porous surfaces; and emphasize surfaces must be visibly wetted to achieve disinfection.
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Desi Anggraeni, Nuha, István Seres, and István Farkas. "Energetic analysis of semi-transparent photovoltaic module." E3S Web of Conferences 484 (2024): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448403001.
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Alternatives to traditional fossil-based energy generation are required to combat climate change and air pollution. Solar power has become increasingly appealing due to its infinite supply, ability to mitigate climate change, and non-polluting nature. The semi-transparent photovoltaics have a portion of the cell that allows light to pass through while the rest of the cell generates electricity. Energy analysis on semi-transparent photovoltaic is needed to determine their performance. The studied semi-transparent photovoltaic systems consist of ten modules combined in one panel and two separate panels. The system consists of 2x10 pieces 165 Wp Solarwatt Vision modules with 3,3 kWp capacity. The installation site’s location is the latitude 47.5946° N, 19.3619° E. The energy production of semi-transparent photovoltaics: The highest energy production per year was found in 2018 with a value of 3.18 MWh, followed by 2019, 2021, 2020, and 2017 with values of 2.76 MWh, 2.5 MWh, 2.31 MWh, and 1.68 MWh, respectively. The highest monthly energy production is found in April, May, June, and July, with values of 445618 Wh, 459812 Wh, 442955 Wh, and 496671 Wh, respectively. The further plan is to study PAR components under the modules.
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Amaechi, Mary, and Doreen Georgi. "On optional wh-/focus fronting in Igbo: A SYN-SEM-PHON interaction." Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 39, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 299–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2020-2017.
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Abstract This paper discusses surface optionality in focus fronting in the Benue-Congo language Igbo. A focused XP can occur in-situ or ex-situ. We argue that the optionality does not have its origins in the syntax: in fact, exactly one focused XP has to move to the designated focus position in the left periphery in the syntax. The alternation between in-situ and ex-situ rather arises at PF: either the lowest or the topmost copy of the focus chain is pronounced. The choice is determined by semantic-pragmatic factors, i. e., we see an interaction between PF and LF. This constitutes a challenge for a strict version of the Y-model of grammar.
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Martins, Ana Maria. "Some notes on postverbal subjects in declarative (and other non-wh-) sentences." Revista Diadorim 22, no. 3 (December 23, 2020): 98–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.35520/diadorim.2020.v22n3a37144.
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Marchand, Mathilde, Abdellatif Ghennioui, Etienne Wey, and Lucien Wald. "Comparison of several satellite-derived databases of surface solar radiation against ground measurement in Morocco." Advances in Science and Research 15 (April 18, 2018): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-15-21-2018.
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Abstract. HelioClim-3v4 (HC3v4), HelioClim-3v5 (HC3v5) and the radiation service version 2 of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS-Rad) are databases that contain hourly values of solar radiation at ground level. These estimated hourly irradiations are compared to coincident measurements made at five stations in Morocco. The correlation coefficients between measurements and estimates are similar for the three databases and around 0.97–0.98 for global irradiation. For the direct irradiation, the correlation coefficients are around 0.70–0.79 for HC3v4, 0.79–0.84 for HC3v5 and 0.78–0.87 for CAMS-Rad. For global irradiation, the bias relative to the average of the measurements is small and ranges between −6 and −1 % for HC3v4, −4 and 0 % for HC3v5, and −4 and 7 % for CAMS-Rad; HC3v4 and HC3v5 exhibit a tendency to slightly underestimate the global irradiation. The root mean square error (RMSE) ranges between 53 (12 %) and 72 Wh m−2 (13 %) for HC3v4, 55 (12 %) and 71 Wh m−2 (13 %) for HC3v5, and 59 (11 %) and 97 Wh m−2 (21 %) for CAMS-Rad. For the direct irradiation, the relative bias ranges between −16 and 21 % for HC3v4, −7 and 22 % for HC3v5, and −18 and 7 % for CAMS-Rad. The RMSE ranges between 170 (28 %) and 210 Wh m−2 (33 %) for HC3v4, 153 (25 %) and 209 Wh m−2 (40 %) for HC3v5, and 159 (26 %) and 244 Wh m−2 (39 %) for CAMS-Rad. HC3v5 captures the temporal and spatial variability of the irradiation field well. The performance is poorer for HC3v4 and CAMS-Rad which exhibit more variability from site to site. As a whole, the three databases are reliable sources on solar radiation in Morocco.
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Tovena, Lucia M. "A comparative corpus study on a case of non-canonical question." Linguistics Vanguard 8, s2 (January 1, 2022): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2020-0126.
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Abstract This paper concerns wh-interrogatives with French comment ‘how’ in their reason interpretation. Some of the peculiarities that make them non-canonical are the modified semantic type of the domain of the wh-item, which is closer to propositions than to ‘manners’, and a high base generation position. These questions are used by a speaker to put on hold a (possibly implicit) invitation from the interlocutors to admit the prejacent into the common ground, and tackle preconditions to admitting it. We aim to gain insight about the characterisation of reason-comment by testing potential constraints on its occurrences, using data about lack of subject-auxiliary inversion from corpora research. The paper reports on a survey that reveals that these questions facilitate the setting up a jousting discursive procedure, in monological texts. They are not among the characteristics of informal French.
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Casteel, Michael J., Charles E. Schmidt, and Mark D. Sobsey. "Chlorine inactivation of coliphage MS2 on strawberries by industrial-scale water washing units." Journal of Water and Health 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.065.
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Fruits and vegetables (produce) intended for minimal processing are often rinsed or washed in water. Chlorine and other sanitizers are used during washing to inactivate produce spoilage microbes, but such procedures may also inactivate pathogens epidemiologically linked to produce, such as hepatitis A virus (HAV). However, no information exists on the efficacy of chlorinated wash water to inactivate HAV and other viruses on produce in actual practice, because of obvious safety concerns. In contrast, coliphage MS2 (a bacterial virus) is commonly used as a surrogate for some pathogenic viruses and may be safely used in field studies. In the present investigation, strawberries seeded with MS2 were passed through industrial-scale water washing units operated with or without added sodium hypochlorite. MS2 on strawberries was inactivated by 68%, 92% and 96% at free chlorine (FC) concentrations of ≤2, 20 and 200 ppm in wash water, respectively. MS2 was detected in wash water containing ≤2 ppm FC in one trial, but was not detected in water containing 20 or 200 ppm FC. The presence and absence of MS2 in wash water containing various levels of FC highlight the importance of controlling sanitizer levels to prevent viral cross contamination of strawberries.
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Idrees, Muhammad, Ahmad Adnan, and Fahim Ashraf Qureshi. "Optimization of Sulfide/Sulfite Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Lactic Acid Production." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/934171.
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Potential of sodium sulfide and sodium sulfite, in the presence of sodium hydroxide was investigated to pretreat the corncob (CC), bagasse (BG), water hyacinth and rice husk (RH) for maximum digestibility. Response Surface Methodology was employed for the optimization of pretreatment factors such as temperature, time and concentration of Na2S and Na2SO3, which had high coefficient of determination (R2) along with low probability value (P), indicating the reliable predictability of the model. At optimized conditions, Na2S and Na2SO3remove up to 97% lignin, from WH and RH, along with removal of hemicellulose (up to 93%) during pretreatment providing maximum cellulose, while in BG and CC; 75.0% and 90.0% reduction in lignin and hemicellulose was observed. Saccharification efficiency of RH, WH, BG and CC after treatment with 1.0% Na2S at 130°C for 2.3–3.0 h was 79.40, 85.93, 87.70, and 88.43%, respectively. WH treated with Na2SO3showed higher hydrolysis yield (86.34%) as compared to Na2S while other biomass substrates showed 2.0–3.0% less yield with Na2SO3. Resulting sugars were evaluated as substrate for lactic acid production, yielding 26.48, 25.36, 31.73, and 30.31 gL−1of lactic acid with 76.0, 76.0, 86.0, and 83.0% conversion yield from CC, BG, WH, and RH hydrolyzate, respectively.
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Rouillard, Vincent, and Filipe Hisao Kobayashi. "Lexically triggered uniquenes in wh-questions: An argument from Brazilian Portuguese." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 31 (January 11, 2022): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v31i0.5125.
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Recent discussion on the source of uniqueness in English singular which-question has debated whether this is due to a general requirement that questions have a maximally informative true answer (Dayal 1996), or whether uniqueness islexically triggered by which (Hirsch & Schwarz 2020). We present novel data from Brazilian Portuguese which argue that at least some wh-interrogatives are lexical triggers for uniqueness.
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Delgado Fernandez, Nerea. "The intonation of Wh-questions in two Basque varieties." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (October 1, 2023): A40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0022732.
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This presentation examines the intonation of Wh-questions in two under-investigated varieties of Basque: North-central Gipuzkoan (Spain) and Labourdin (France). A total of 288 sentences elicited through a semi-spontaneous task were analyzed in Praat (Boersma and Weenek, 2018). As acoustic cues, we center on final tonal movements and lengthening, two aspects for which there is limited to no information for the varieties under study. Results for final contours in Gipuzkoa showed that 58.2% of sentences were produced with rising intonation (L* H% begin the most predominant contour), while the falling contour attested in other Basque varieties (L* L%) appeared in only 41.8% of cases. In Labourdin Basque, 77.3% of sentences were produced with a rising (L* H% also being the most prevalent configuration). Speakers, however, tended to produce risings of mid height. Regarding lengthening, this cue was more relevant in Gipuzkoan Basque. We will connect these novel findings to the intonational characteristics described in prior studies (Elordieta, 2003; Elordieta and Hualde, 2014; Duguine and Irurtzun, 2020). Moreover, since Basque in these territories is in contact with Spanish and French, a brief comparison across languages will also be included. This will be the first attempt at such a comparison.