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Li, Haipeng, Qingdong Yuan, Yingyuan Wu, and Xuebin Wang. "Ray-tracing-based time-domain wideband fractional delay beamforming for underwater acoustic positioning." MATEC Web of Conferences 283 (2019): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928305001.
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Underwater acoustic positioning systems are essential for underwater vehicles positioning and navigation. In this paper, a time-domain wideband fractional delay beamforming (WFDB) technique is proposed to improve underwater localization capability of planar arrays. In our method, digital delay lines are combined with adaptive-finite-impulse-response filters to achieve high accuracy beamforming results and reduce the design burden of the WFDB systems. Further, the beamforming results are used in the ray-tracing method to eliminate curvature effect of sound rays caused by the inhomogeneity of water, and therefore improving the computation accuracy of target position. We further develop a hexagonal planar array of 30 elements to verify the WFDB method in an indoor experimental pool. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method could successfully mitigate the ray bending problem and accurately estimate the position of targets in low SNR condition.
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Bhardwaj, Neelkanth, Parul Chopra, Asha Rani, and Shivangi Agarwal. "Extraction of EMG signal in a software compatible format from an online database using WFDB package." Perspectives in Science 8 (September 2016): 767–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pisc.2016.06.083.
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Khalaf, Akram Jaddoa, and Samir Jasim Mohammed. "Verification and comparison of MIT-BIH arrhythmia database based on number of beats." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 4950. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp4950-4961.
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<span lang="EN-US">The ECG signal processing methods are tested and evaluated based on many databases. The most ECG database used for many researchers is the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. The QRS-detection algorithms are essential for ECG analyses to detect the beats for the ECG signal. There is no standard number of beats for this database that are used from numerous researches. Different beat numbers are calculated for the researchers depending on the difference in understanding the annotation file. In this paper, the beat numbers for existing methods are studied and compared to find the correct beat number that should be used. We propose a simple function to standardize the beats number for any ECG PhysioNet database to improve the waveform database toolbox (WFDB) for the MATLAB program. This function is based on the annotation's description from the databases and can be added to the Toolbox. The function is removed the non-beats annotation without any errors. The results show a high percentage of 71% from the reviewed methods used an incorrect number of beats for this database.</span>
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Eichorn, Naomi, and Sidney Donnan. "Word-Final Disfluencies in a School-Age Child: Beneath the Tip of the Iceberg." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 52, no. 4 (October 18, 2021): 967–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_lshss-21-00005.
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Purpose Disfluencies associated with stuttering generally occur in the initial position of words. This study reviews data from a school-age child with an atypical stuttering profile consisting predominantly of word-final disfluencies (WFDs). Our primary goals were to identify patterns in overt features of WFDs and to extend our understanding of this clinical profile by focusing on aspects of stuttering that lie beneath the surface. Method Analyses explored the patterns and distributions of the child's observable stuttering behaviors, in addition to his awareness, perceptions, and subjective experience of stuttering. Results Findings indicated that the WFD profile consists of relatively consistent and distinct overt features. We also found that, in many ways, the child perceived the impact of his disfluencies much like other children who stutter, even though his disfluencies manifested in a less common form. Conclusion Findings suggest the need for increased awareness of the varied forms stuttering may take in order to ensure accurate diagnosis, clear communication to clients and parents, and timely access to appropriate intervention.
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Small, Donna M., Declan F. Doherty, Caoifa M. Dougan, Sinéad Weldon, and Clifford C. Taggart. "The role of whey acidic protein four-disulfide-core proteins in respiratory health and disease." Biological Chemistry 398, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2016-0262.
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Abstract Members of the whey acidic protein (WAP) or WAP four-disulfide-core (WFDC) family of proteins are a relatively under-explored family of low molecular weight proteins. The two most prominent WFDC proteins, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and elafin (or the precursor, trappin-2), have been shown to possess multiple functions including anti-protease, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties. It is therefore of no surprise that both SLPI and elafin/trappin-2 have been developed as potential therapeutics. Given the abundance of SLPI and elafin/trappin-2 in the human lung, most work in the area of WFDC research has focused on the role of WFDC proteins in protecting the lung from proteolytic attack. In this review, we will outline the current evidence regarding the expanding role of WFDC protein function with a focus on WFDC activity in lung disease as well as emerging data regarding the function of some of the more recently described WFDC proteins.
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Xue, Yucong, Jian Ge, and Yifan Fan. "Heat and moisture transfer in wall-to-floor thermal bridges and its influences on the insulation performance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012216.
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Abstract The moisture modifies the characteristics of heat transfer in building envelopes. Multiple factors, including the distinct hygric properties of various material, gravity, etc., affect the moisture content, resulting in a non-uniform distribution of water vapour in different parts of the envelope (e.g. column, beam, the main part of exterior walls). Usually, the more water vapour in a material, the higher the thermal conductivity, resulting in more heat transfers here. Moreover, condensation easily occurs where there is wet, marking such parts have risks both on structural safety and mould growth. The wall-to-floor thermal bridge (WFTB) occupies the largest area among all kinds of thermal bridges that formed by frame structures. In this study, we aimed to quantify the influence on heat loss through WFTB when the moisture transfer in envelopes is considered. The average apparent thermal resistance of WFTB (R TB, ave) was defined to access the insulation performance of WFTB in practical application. The results of transient numerical simulation indicated that when the moisture transfer is considered, the insulation performance of building envelopes decreases significantly, while the adverse effect of WFTB on heat insulation becomes less pronounced. The results indicated that the measures of insulation for WFTB should be reconsidered when the moisture transfer is considered.
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Karlsen, Micaela, Gail Rogers, Akari Miki, Alice Lichtenstein, Sara Folta, Christina Economos, Paul Jacques, Kara Livingston, and Nicola McKeown. "Theoretical Food and Nutrient Composition of Whole-Food Plant-Based and Vegan Diets Compared to Current Dietary Recommendations." Nutrients 11, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030625.
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Public interest in popular diets is increasing, in particular whole-food plant-based (WFPB) and vegan diets. Whether these diets, as theoretically implemented, meet current food-based and nutrient-based recommendations has not been evaluated in detail. Self-identified WFPB and vegan diet followers in the Adhering to Dietary Approaches for Personal Taste (ADAPT) Feasibility Survey reported their most frequently used sources of information on nutrition and cooking. Thirty representative days of meal plans were created for each diet. Weighted mean food group and nutrient levels were calculated using the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) and data were compared to DRIs and/or USDA Dietary Guidelines/MyPlate meal plan recommendations. The calculated HEI-2015 scores were 88 out of 100 for both WFPB and vegan meal plans. Because of similar nutrient composition, only WFPB results are presented. In comparison to MyPlate, WFPB meal plans provide more total vegetables (180%), green leafy vegetables (238%), legumes (460%), whole fruit (100%), whole grains (132%), and less refined grains (−74%). Fiber level exceeds the adequate intakes (AI) across all age groups. WFPB meal plans failed to meet the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)s for vitamin B12 and D without supplementation, as well as the RDA for calcium for women aged 51–70. Individuals who adhere to WFBP meal plans would have higher overall dietary quality as defined by the HEI-2015 score as compared to typical US intakes with the exceptions of calcium for older women and vitamins B12 and D without supplementation. Future research should compare actual self-reported dietary intakes to theoretical targets.
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Hughes, MD, Joy D., Matthew C. Hernandez, MD, Donald H. Jenkins, MD, Mariela Rivera, MD, FACS, Mark D. Sawyer, MD, FACS, Justin D. Kreuter, MD, James R. Stubbs, MD, and Martin D. Zielinski, MD, FACS. "Survey of medical center employees’ willingness and availability to donate blood in support of a civilian warm fresh whole blood program." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2019.0321.
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Objectives: In military settings, utilizing warm fresh whole blood (WFWB) was associated with reduced mortality; however, there are multiple challenges for administering WFWB to civilians. The authors aimed to determine barriers to hospital employees emergently donating to civilian WFWB programs.Methods: We surveyed hospital employee willingness to donate emergently, familiarity with blood donation, and queried baseline demographics. The electronic survey was disseminated to a random sample of employees. Descriptive and univariate analyses were performed.Results: Three thousand surveys were sent; 883 were returned (28 percent). The majority of respondents were female (n = 630, 71 percent). Respondent familiarity with WFWB donation included very/somewhat familiar (n = 381, 43 percent) and somewhat-not/notat- all familiar (n = 356, 40 percent). Most were definitely or somewhat willing to emergently donate (n = 660, 75 percent). Four hundred and sixty would drive from home to donate (52 percent). The majority worked day-time shifts (n = 754, 85 percent). In regards to donation history, 366 (41 percent) had donated blood more than ten times, but 138 (16 percent) had never donated. Barriers to emergent donation were identified (55 percent), with the most common being childcare responsibilities (n = 242; 27 percent).Conclusions: Hospital employees are willing to donate WFWB emergently, but program implementation must address donor availability and logistical barriers. Future research should assess feasibility of a civilian WFWB program by determining regulatory challenges, development of a quality system for emergency donations, assessment of optimal workforce structure, potential impact to the general blood inventory, as well as patient and community perspectives regarding untested blood units.
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Bingle, Colin D. "Towards defining the complement of mammalian WFDC-domain-containing proteins." Biochemical Society Transactions 39, no. 5 (September 21, 2011): 1393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0391393.
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WFDC (whey/four-disulfide core)-domain-containing proteins are defined by the possession of one or more 40–50 amino acid domains that include eight conserved cysteine residues linked by four characteristic intramolecular disulfide bonds. Some also contain other structural domains, whereas in many the WFDC-domain is the only domain present. The WFDC-domain is not limited to mammals but is widespread across all lineages. There is increasing evidence to suggest that mammalian WFDC-domain-containing proteins are undergoing rapid molecular evolution and as might be expected they exhibit low levels of sequence similarity coupled with multiple examples of species-specific gene acquisition and gene loss. The characteristic structural domain (that is generally encoded by a single exon) makes these proteins relatively easy to identify in databases. This review will outline the repertoire of such domains within the mouse, but similar principles can be applied to the identification of all proteins within individual species.
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Sah, PL, K. Ahmad, MK Gupta, K. Dhungel, RK Gupta, and S. Ansari. "Wooden foreign bodies in soft tissue: role of tissue harmonic sonography." Health Renaissance 11, no. 3 (January 18, 2014): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i3.9650.
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Background: Wooden foreign bodies (WFB) are usually not detectable on radiography. Ultrasound is a useful tool for detection and localization of WFB. Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy of tissue harmonic sonography in detection of WFB and describe the imaging features of WFB on tissue harmonic imaging. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 28 patients with history of wooden (wood/thorn/bamboo) foreign body prick with tissue harmonic sonography. Results: The WFB was detected on ultrasonography in all 28 patients (100%) which was confirmed on surgery or follow up study. All WFB were echogenic casting strong posterior acoustic shadowing with or without surrounding hypoechoic halo. Conclusion: Tissue harmonic imaging is useful tool for detection and localization of retained WFB. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i3.9650 Health Renaissance 2013;11(3):267-269
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Lundwall, Åke, and Adam Clauss. "Genes encoding WFDC- and Kunitz-type protease inhibitor domains: are they related?" Biochemical Society Transactions 39, no. 5 (September 21, 2011): 1398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0391398.
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We have previously demonstrated that the genes of SCPs (semen coagulum proteins) and the WFDC (whey acidic protein four-disulfide core)-type protease inhibitor elafin are homologous in spite of lacking similarity between their protein products. This led to the discovery of a locus on human chromosome 20, encompassing genes of the SCPs, SEMG1 (semenogelin I) and SEMG2, and 14 genes containing the sequence motif that is characteristic of WFDC-type protease inhibitors. We have now identified additional genes at the locus that are similarly organized, but which give rise to proteins containing the motif of Kunitz-type protease inhibitors. Here, we discuss the evolution of genes encoding SCPs and describe mechanisms by which they and genes with Kunitz motifs might have evolved from genes with WFDC motifs. We can also demonstrate an expansion of the WFDC locus with 0.6 Mb in the cow. The region, which seems to be specific to ruminants, contains several genes and pseudogenes with Kunitz motifs, one of which is the much-studied BPTI (bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor).
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Kim, Peter, Matthew Arnold, and Jasmine Gunti. "Five-Month Trial of Whole-Food Plant-Based Diet in a Patient With Coexisting Myasthenia Gravis and Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 15, no. 3 (February 16, 2021): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827621993748.
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Introduction: Nutritional intervention, such as a whole-food plant-based (WFPB) diet, is suggested to improve symptoms of autoimmune disorders. Its effects on neuromuscular junction (NMJ) diseases are less known. Case Description: A 56-year-old female with a combined myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome presented with persistent musculoskeletal weakness and pain, fatigue, and diminished concentration. Methods: A WFPB diet was implemented for 5 months in this case study. Functionality, biometrics, and quality of life were assessed at regular intervals via blood work, vital signs, and patient surveys. Results: After 10 weeks, 2 medications were de-prescribed due to improvement in blood glucose levels and blood pressure readings. Neuromuscular symptoms lessened as measured by the Myasthenia Gravis Illness Index. Weight loss of 18.7 pounds was achieved. No deterioration in physical activity was reported throughout the 5-month trial of WFPB diet. Discussion: Our results have implications that an individualized dietary strategy may be considered as one component of management of NMJ diseases. The effects of WFPB diet on NMJ diseases remain inconclusive.
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Imken, Arne A. P., Burkhard Plinke, and Carsten Mai. "Characterisation of hardwood fibres used for wood fibre insulation boards (WFIB)." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 79, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-021-01698-y.
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AbstractWood fibre insulation boards (WFIB) are typically made from softwood fibres. However, due to the rapid decrease in softwood stands in Germany, the industry will be forced to adapt to the wood market. Therefore, alternative approaches for the substitution of softwood with hardwood will be needed in the fibre industry. The objective of this paper is to address the characterisation of hardwood fibres regarding their availability for the WFIB industry. The physico-mechanical properties of WFIB are significantly determined by the length of the fibres. Longer softwood fibres usually generate higher strength properties and a lower thermal conductivity than shorter hardwood fibres. In this paper, the potential application of hardwood fibres (up to 20,500 μm long) produced in a refiner by thermo-mechanical pulping (TMP) to WFIB production was examined. The scanner-based system FibreShape was used for the automatic optical analysis of the geodesic length distribution of fibres. The analysed hardwood fibres contained significantly more dust and were shorter than respectively produced softwood fibres, limiting their applicability for WFIB production. Thus, two analytical approaches were chosen to receive longer fibres and less dust: (1) blending hardwood fibres with supporting softwood fibres (20%, 50 and 80% proportion of softwood), and (2) mathematical fractionation of hardwood fibres based on the fibre length to remove all particles smaller than 500 μm. It was concluded that the practical fractionation seems to be economically and ecologically challenging and that blending hardwood fibres with at least 50% softwood fibres offers a promising approach, which should be further studied.
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McGoey-Smith, Kate J., Caldwell B. Esselstyn, and Andrew David McGoey-Smith. "Reversal of Pulmonary Hypertension, Diabetes, and Retinopathy after Adoption of a Whole Food Plant-Based Diet." International Journal of Disease Reversal and Prevention 1, no. 2 (September 18, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/ijdrp.2019v1n2a41.
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BACKGROUND: The whole food plant-based (WFPB) diet has been shown to be successful in reversing and preventing cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancers. Here we report a case study of a patient showing significant reversal of both pulmonary hypertension (PH) and retinopathy, and total reversal of type 2 diabetes. This occurred 15 months after switching from a flexitarian diet to a WFPB diet. Furthermore, these reversals have now been maintained for a period of over six years without the use of targeted pharmaceutical interventions nor daytime oxygen. In particular, the patient’s six-minute walk test (6MWT) mean distance, visual acuity, and A1c measurements changed from 220 m, 20/200 ft and 15% respectively within three months of PH diagnosis to 409 m, 20/46 ft and 5.6% at 15 months after commencement of the WFPB diet. A total of 6 right heart catheterization procedures were performed: her mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was 55 mmHg on the day of diagnosis and her last mPAP measurement was 40 mmHg, which was taken towards the beginning of the WFPB diet period. The reversals reported herein have been now maintained for a period of 6 years, without the use of targeted pharmaceuticals nor daytime oxygen. Although the patient was treated to several combinations PH drug interventions, spanning all three available biological pathways for promoting vasodilation, none of these combinations of drugs was as effective as the WFPB diet alone on her quality of life.CASE HISTORY: A 51-year-old Caucasian female voluntarily admitted herself in February 2007 to a local acute care facility exhibiting symptoms of type 2 diabetes, significant edema in her lower extremities; dyspnea at rest with exertion and during sleep, recurrent syncope, and neuropathic pain in both feet. Immediately after admission, the patient was treated with metformin and replaglinide to control her diabetes. In December 2007, the patient was diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and commenced a series of targeted therapeutic drug interventions to treat her IPAH while consuming a flexitarian diet. None of these drug combinations was successful in improving her 6MWT result beyond 369m. After commencing two of thepharmaceutical interventions she experienced adverse side effects: loss of visual acuity to the point of legal blindness, 80 lb of fluid retention within 2 months. After five years post diagnosis of IPAH, the patient commenced consuming a WFPB diet that resulted in the disease reversals detailed above.CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of a WFPB diet resulted in better treatment outcomes for IPAH, retinopathy, and type 2 diabetes for the patient in this study compared with targeted drug interventions. is observation adds credence to the hypothesis that a WFPB diet is a viable method of ameliorating symptoms for PH patients. It is also consistent with recent animal model studies on ameliorating PH with consumption of dietary nitrates and a short-term clinical trial. While these data are hypothesis generating, a prospective clinical trial, including both 6MWT and cardiopulmonary hemodynamic measurements, is needed to fully demonstrate the efficacy of a WFPB diet on PH patient health.
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Zhan, Fu Yu, Wei Yang, and Zhi Xian Zhang. "Probabilistic Method to Determine Widespread Fatigue Damage Average Behavior of Fleet." Applied Mechanics and Materials 444-445 (October 2013): 1508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.444-445.1508.
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Widespread Fatigue Damage (WFD) issue is a major threat to the structural integrity of the aging aircrafts, So WFD assessment is a key measurement and necessary task to ensure the continuing airworthiness. A methodology using probabilistic framework to assess WFD was developed. The major feature of this method is that a stochastic process which is introduced to crack initiation and crack growth as well as yield stress and fracture toughness. Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) was incrementally calculated using Finite Element Method (FEM). Numerical studies were performed for panels with five holes using Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). The WFD Average Behavior, include inspection, monitoring and repair period, was presented, and the convergence of the MCS was also discussed. The effectiveness of this methodology was verified by comparing the experimental data. This approach simulated and evaluated the WFD behavior and got the relative statistic data, which provided a practical engineering method for WFD evaluation.
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Tsvetkov, M. K., K. Y. Stavrev, K. P. Tsvetkova, P. V. Ivanov, and M. S. Iliev. "The WG WFI Plate Database (WFPDB): Present Status." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 161 (1994): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900047653.
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The present status of the work on the creation of a Wide-Field Plate Database is reported. It is planned to collect the available information for about 1.5 million plates from 187 wide-field instruments in 71 institutes/observatories. The source data are from 213 plate catalogues, 65 of them in computer-readable form. The structure and content of the Wide-Field Plate Database, now including 51 observation catalogues with more than 300,000 plates, is presented.
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Jakše, Boštjan, Barbara Jakše, Stanislav Pinter, Jernej Pajek, and Nataša Fidler Mis. "Characteristics of Slovenian Adults in Community-Based Whole-Food Plant-Based Lifestyle Program." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2020 (August 1, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6950530.
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Objective. Adopting a plant-based diet (PBD) and lifestyle is healthy, sustainable, and increasingly popular, while also demanding. Individuals might face challenges to maintain this lifestyle. We aimed to determine the anthropometric values and lifestyle factors and motives of adults to adopt a whole-food, plant-based (WFPB) lifestyle by joining our ongoing, community-based, WFPB lifestyle program 0.5–10 years ago. Methods. We measured body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage status (BF%) using bioimpedance. Lifestyle status was obtained by standardized electronic questionnaires. For evaluating the motives for following strict PBD, the participants were asked to rank 8 different motives (i.e., 8: the most-, 1: the least important). Setting. A cross-sectional study in Slovenia. Participants. A total of 151 healthy adults with an average age of 39.6 years (SD: 12.5 years). Results. The participants had an average BMI of 23.9 kg/m2 (SD: 3.8 kg/m2) and an average BF% of 22.3% (SD: 7.3%), were physically very active, with an average Long International Physical Activity Questionnaire (L-IPAQ) score of 5541.2 metabolic equivalents (METs) min/week (SD: 4677.0 METs min/week), having good sleep quality, with an average Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score of 2.7 (SD: 1.8), perceiving low stress, and with an average Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) score of 0.29 (SD: 0.1). We discovered no significant differences in lifestyle between participants who were involved in our WFPB lifestyle program for short, medium, or long periods of time. The motives for WFPB lifestyle included health benefits (score: 7.9/8), body mass management (6.3), eating to satiety (4.9), convenience (4.3), environmental concerns (4.1), affordability (3.7), animal ethics (3.6), and religious reasons (1.1). Conclusion. A WFPB lifestyle program for any length of time that includes an extensive support system provides favorable, long-term lifestyle changes.
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Menendez, Hector M., and Luis O. Tedeschi. "97 Impact of Regionalized Forage Quality and Quantity and Feed Grain Water Use on the Daily Texas Beef Cattle Water Footprint and Supply Chain Efficiency." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.068.
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Abstract Livestock water use sustainability is a growing concern in the beef cattle sector. The Water Footprint Assessment (WFA) method has been used to quantify the water footprint (WF) of beef products but does not suggest any specific management strategies to decrease the WF of beef cattle (WFB) within and across the beef supply chain. The WFB is primarily influenced by forage and grain production water uses (m3/t), which are directly linked to dry matter (kg/d) and water intake (L/d) and cattle growth (kg/d). Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the alteration of forage quality and above-ground biomass production (t/ha) of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), in addition to published WF estimates for corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) production (m3/t) on the daily Texas WFB. A dynamic Texas Beef Water Footprint Model (TXWFB) was developed to predict WFB, using the System Dynamic methodology and equations from the Ruminant Nutrition System (RNS) and Beef Nutrient Requirements (NASEM) models. Results indicated that forage and crop biomass production is a high-leverage solution to offset the daily Texas WFB (%∆ = -55 to 130). The alteration of forage TDN had less of an impact on the Texas WFB (%∆ = -39 to 17). An ANOVA with a Tukey Posthoc test indicated that all WFB scenarios were significantly different (P < 0.05) except for the low versus base TDN under low water use conditions scenario. The variability in the use of green and blue waters for grains indicated that the final WFB, in the feedlot phase, may be lower than the WFB in the cow-calf or stocker stages under certain efficiency conditions. Identification of high and low-leverage solutions may help Texas cattle stakeholders implement systemic strategies that aid in the efforts for sustainable beef water use.
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Rushing, James W., Anthony P. Keinath, and Wilton P. Cook. "Postharvest Development and Transmission of Watermelon Fruit Blotch." HortTechnology 9, no. 2 (January 1999): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.9.2.217.
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Watermelon fruit blotch (WFB) symptoms did not appear on healthy watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai] fruit placed in contact with the diseased surface of other fruit and stored at either 52 or 68 °F (11 or 20 °C) for 1 week. After 3 weeks in storage, some WFB transmission was observed and the frequency of transmission was greater at 68 than 52 °F. Surface abrasion of either the healthy fruit, diseased fruit, or both fruit did not promote transmission of WFB compared with unabraded controls. Some healthy fruit harvested from a field with diseased fruit developed very minor symptoms of WFB in postharvest storage, but the symptoms were not severe enough to cause market problems. Harvesting appeared to halt the spread of WFB symptoms on individual fruit with less than ≈10% of the fruit surface affected at harvest. If care is taken during harvest and grading to exclude diseased fruit, and if proper precooling and subsequent temperature management is implemented for marketable fruit, WFB does not appear to be of concern for the marketing of watermelons.
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Adisa, Toyin Ajibade, Ellis L. C. Osabutey, and Gbolahan Gbadamosi. "The implications of work-family balance among dual-earner couples." Career Development International 22, no. 4 (August 14, 2017): 351–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-09-2016-0154.
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Purpose The implications of the work-family balance (WFB) of dual-earner couples are well known; however, the extant literature on this topic has failed to adequately explore the context of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), specifically Nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of the WFB of dual-earner couples in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach This paper employs a qualitative methodology in order to explore the effect of couples’ dual-earner status on their WFB in an African context by using Nigerian medical practitioners as the empirical focus. Findings The findings reveal that the dual-earner status provides some respite from financial hardship and improves family finances, which subsequently enhances WFB. However, the dual-earner status also has negative impacts on WFB in terms of work performance, dysfunctionality, and associated societal problems. Originality/value This paper provides insights into the WFB of dual-earner couples in the non-western context of SSA, highlighting the previously unexplored implications of dual-earner status in the context of SSA.
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Menendez, H. M., and L. O. Tedeschi. "The characterization of the cow-calf, stocker and feedlot cattle industry water footprint to assess the impact of livestock water use sustainability." Journal of Agricultural Science 158, no. 5 (July 2020): 416–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859620000672.
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AbstractPerception of freshwater use varies between nations and has led to concerns of how to evaluate water use for sustainable food production. The water footprint of beef cattle (WFB) is an important metric to determine current levels of freshwater use and to set sustainability goals. However, current WFB publications provide broad WF values with inconsistent units preventing direct comparison of WFB models. The water footprint assessment (WFA) methodologies use static physio-enviro-managerial equations, rather than dynamic, which limits their ability to estimate cattle water use. This study aimed to advance current WFA methods for WFB estimation by formulating the WFA into a system dynamics methodology to adequately characterize the major phases of the beef cattle industry and provide a tool to identify high-leverage solutions for complex water use systems. Texas is one of the largest cattle producing areas in the United States, a significant water user. This geolocation is an ideal template for WFB estimation in other regions due to its diverse geography, management-cultures, climate and natural resources. The Texas Beef Water Footprint model comprised seven submodels (cattle population, growth, nutrition, forage, WFB, supply chain and regional water use; 1432 state variables). Calibration of our model replicated initial WFB values from an independent study by Chapagain and Hoekstra in 2003 (CH2003). This CH2003 v. Texas production scenarios evaluated model parameters and assumptions and estimated a 41–66% WFB variability. The current model provides an insightful tool to improve complex, unsustainable and inefficient water use systems.
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Adair, Kathleen E., and Rodney G. Bowden. "Ameliorating Chronic Kidney Disease Using a Whole Food Plant-Based Diet." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 6, 2020): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041007.
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Novel approaches to ameliorating chronic kidney disease (CKD) are warranted as most patients are undiagnosed until they begin displaying symptoms of kidney failure. There is increasing evidence that a whole food plant-based (WFPB) diet may offer benefits that slow the progression of CKD, decrease the incidence cardiovascular disease, decrease rates of diabetes and obesity, and reduce inflammation and cholesterol, which in turn can delay kidney failure and the initiation of dialysis. While animal-based protein ingestion promotes an acidic environment, inflammation and renal hyperfiltration, study authors report plant-based protein can be alkaline-producing and anti-inflammatory and can contain renoprotective properties. Although there may be benefits to adopting a WFPB diet, macronutrient and micronutrient content should be carefully considered and adjusted to avoid malnutrition in CKD patients. Further research needs to be done in order to establish the biological plausibility and feasibility of a WFPB in individuals with diagnosed CKD.
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Kwon, Kyeongnam, Sungyon Kim, Sunjoo Lee, Chungeun Kwon, Kyunngwon Seo, and Seongkyun Im. "Analysis of Crown Fire Transition and Spread over Various Pine Trees Using Wildland–Urban Interface Fire Dynamic Simulator." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.4.31.
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The crown fire of various pine trees was investigated using a wildland–urban interface fire dynamics simulator (WFDS). The effects of wind speeds and the spatial distances between fuels on crown fire ignition and spread were investigated. The average 30-year values of atmospheric conditions in March and April were used as the reference conditions to represent the climatic conditions for the wildfire season. As the wind speed increases, crown fire initiation is promoted, and the intensity and spread rate of the crown fire increase. The effects of the spatial distance on the crown fire depend on the wind speed and fuel conditions. The results show that a computational fluid dynamics tool using physics-based models, such as the WFDS, can predict the crown fire ignition and spread behaviors for domestic pine trees. However, further studies are required for other vegetation and domestic atmospheric conditions to validate the applicability of the WFDS on domestic fuels.
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Haque, Md Jamirul. "Knowledge Diversity and Employee Outcomes." International Journal of Knowledge-Based Organizations 11, no. 4 (October 2021): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkbo.2021100102.
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This research investigates the impact of perceived knowledge diversity (PKD) on job outcomes such as job satisfaction (JS) and job performance (JP). Next, this study also explores the moderating role of workforce diversity management (WFDM) on the relationship between PKD and employee job outcomes (EJO). SPSS and AMOS-SEM are used to analyze the data. The findings show that PKD is positively related to JS and negatively associated with JP. WFDM moderates the relationship between PKD and EJO (JS and JP). There are many studies related to diversity and its management, but most of the studies are from an American perspective that deals with diversity related to age, gender, race, ethnicity, etc. (surface-level diversity). The study in diversity in knowledge, value, personality, belief, etc. (deep-level diversity) is scanned in the literature. This study aims to address this void, particularly investigating knowledge diversity in research by establishing how WFDM moderates the relationship between PKD and employee outcomes.
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Mohaupt, V., G. Crosnier, R. Todd, P. Petersen, and T. Dworak. "WFD and agriculture activity of the EU: first linkages between the CAP and the WFD at EU Level." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 1 (July 1, 2007): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.448.
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Within the “WFD and agriculture activity” both communities agreed to co-operate during implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and further development of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) at EU, Commission and the Member States levels. In intensive discussions including two congresses and biannual working group meetings, seven information reports were produced. Rural Development programmes are unanimously considered to be very powerful instrument to support WFD implementation. However, limited budgets, combined with the large extent of agricultural pressures will considerably restrain the results this instrument might deliver. Limited effects are also expected from the cross-compliance standards, mainly because: the standards do not cover all WFD aspects, and the existing legislation is not implemented with the same rigour in all the Member States. WFD provides additional powerful tools (River Basin Management Planning and Water Pricing discussion) to improve the situation, but the timetables of WFD and CAP do not fit each other. The activity should be continued with an intensive discussion on case and success stories in all the mentioned tools informing both policy areas for the planned evaluation of cross-compliance in 2007, and a mid-term evaluation on rural development in 2009.
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Söderasp, Johanna, and Maria Pettersson. "Before and After the Weser Case: Legal Application of the Water Framework Directive Environmental Objectives in Sweden." Journal of Environmental Law 31, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 265–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqz003.
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Abstract The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) prescribes environmental objectives and an adaptive water governance system. This article analyses the Swedish implementation of the WFD through a review of high-profile Swedish court cases regarding the application of the WFD environmental objectives in individual authorisation processes for water operations. The selection of court cases represents both the time before and after the Court of Justice of the European Union’s Weser case in 2015. The results indicate an inertial tendency in the legal application of the WFD environmental objectives in Swedish courts, including a reluctance to fully apply EU law as interpreted by the CJEU. The overall conclusion is that traditional legal certainty aspects often trump flexibility and a high level of environmental protection as desired in the adaptive water governance system of the WFD. This raises questions about judicial preconceptions and the procedural autonomy of the Member States vis-à-vis the ‘effet utile’ of EU law through judicial implementation.
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Pretus, Clara, Nafees Hamid, Hammad Sheikh, Ángel Gómez, Jeremy Ginges, Adolf Tobeña, Richard Davis, Oscar Vilarroya, and Scott Atran. "Ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal interactions underlie will to fight and die for a cause." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 14, no. 6 (May 6, 2019): 569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz034.
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AbstractWillingness to fight and die (WFD) has been developed as a measure to capture willingness to incur costly sacrifices for the sake of a greater cause in the context of entrenched conflict. WFD measures have been repeatedly used in field studies, including studies on the battlefield, although their neurofunctional correlates remain unexplored. Our aim was to identify the neural underpinnings of WFD, focusing on neural activity and interconnectivity of brain areas previously associated with value-based decision-making, such as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). A sample of Pakistani participants supporting the Kashmiri cause was selected and invited to participate in an functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) paradigm where they were asked to convey their WFD for a series of values related to Islam and current politics. As predicted, higher compared to lower WFD was associated with increased ventromedial prefrontal activity and decreased dorsolateral activity, as well as lower connectivity between the vmPFC and the dlPFC. Our findings suggest that WFD more prominently relies on brain areas typically associated with subjective value (vmPFC) rather than integration of material costs (dlPFC) during decision-making, supporting the notion that decisions on costly sacrifices may not be mediated by cost-benefit computation.
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Ramos, Vanessa, Nuno Formigo, and Rodrigo Maia. "Environmental Flows Under the WFD Implementation." Water Resources Management 32, no. 15 (November 26, 2018): 5115–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-018-2137-8.
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Brils, Jos. "Including sediment in European River Basin Management Plans: twenty years of work by SedNet." Journal of Soils and Sediments 20, no. 12 (September 17, 2020): 4229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02782-1.
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Abstract Purpose This paper describes the efforts made by SedNet—the European Sediment Network—to generate attention for the inclusion of sediment in River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs) under the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Materials and methods The SedNet response to key WFD implementation events is described using the “three-streams and windows-of-opportunities model” published by John Kingdon in 1995. Results and discussion SedNet was initially a response to the realization that the WFD—which came into force in 2000—largely neglected sediment. For SedNet, it was clear from the beginning that the WFD objectives can be achieved only if sediment is included in RBMPs. The SedNet efforts inspired the establishment of a sediment management concept for the Elbe river basin. That concept was used as a basis for the full inclusion of sediment in the second Elbe RBMP (2015–2021). SedNet experts are currently involved in the drafting of the WFD Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) sediment document which will be completed in 2021 and that will provide guidance about how to include sediment in RBMPs. Conclusions Since 2000, SedNet has persistently drawn attention to the need to include sediment in RBMPs. However, it was not until 2015 that the Elbe became the first European river basin to include sediment management fully in their RBMP. The 2021 WFD CIS sediment document and the focus on sediment in the Water Fitness Check in 2019 make it significantly more likely that the sediment will be included in the updates of WFD RBMPs in the near future.
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Scott, Aaron, Sinéad Weldon, and Clifford C. Taggart. "SLPI and elafin: multifunctional antiproteases of the WFDC family." Biochemical Society Transactions 39, no. 5 (September 21, 2011): 1437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0391437.
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SLPI (secretory leucoprotease inhibitor) and elafin represent the archetypal members of the WFDC [WAP (whey acidic protein) four disulfide core] family of proteins, and were originally characterized as protease inhibitors but have since been shown to possess a wider repertoire of activities. These functions include antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, suggesting that these proteins may play key roles in the innate immune response, and indicate the potential to develop some of these proteins as novel therapeutics. Susceptibility to host and bacterial protease cleavage may, however, limit the efficacy of recombinant protein therapies in diseases with a high protease burden such as CF (cystic fibrosis) lung disease. To overcome this problem, further refinement of the native proteins will be required to provide effective treatment strategies.
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Zhang, Chen, Haoyue Hu, Xiaoyan Wang, Yajuan Zhu, and Ming Jiang. "WFDC Protein: A Promising Diagnosis Biomarker of Ovarian Cancer." Journal of Cancer 12, no. 18 (2021): 5404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jca.57880.
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Вострикова, Galina Vostrikova, Филимонова, Olga Filimonova, Никулина, Nadezhda Nikulina, Дмитренков, Aleksandr Dmitrenkov, Никулин, and Sergey Nikulin. "tudy of the properties of the wood fiber board’s modified by a petro polymer resin." Forestry Engineering Journal 5, no. 2 (September 24, 2015): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11986.
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A technology for the modifying treatment of the wood fiber boards (WFB) by a solution of a petropolymer resin obtained from C9-fraction is considered. The technological process of modification of WFB included a number of operations on samples preparation, impregnation in a modifying composition and thermal hardening of the prepared composites. The process of the WFB modification was studied applying an experimental planning method based on a scheme of the greek-latin square of the forth order.
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Lyu, Yijing, Minmin Wang, Jiaqi Le, and Ho Kwong Kwan. "Effects of authentic leadership on work–family balance in China." Journal of Managerial Psychology 34, no. 2 (March 11, 2019): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-08-2018-0340.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of authentic leadership on the work–family balance (WFB) of followers by focusing on the mediating roles of leader–member exchange (LMX) and work-to-family enrichment (WFE) and the moderating role of traditionality in China.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using field survey research design. Participants included 206 employees in a pharmaceutical company in China.FindingsThe results indicate that LMX and WFE sequentially mediated the positive relationship between authentic leadership and WFB. In addition, traditionality strengthened the relationship between authentic leadership and LMX.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the integration of authentic leadership literature and the WFB model. This research also indicates that authentic leadership is a source of enhancing employees’ WFB. However, data are correlational and cross-sectional, which limits the ability to draw causal relationships.Practical implicationsThe findings reveal that authentic leadership is effective in inducing followers’ WFB. The value of traditionality can strengthen the effect of authentic leadership.Originality/valueThis study addresses unexplored theoretical predictions and provides new directions for authentic leadership and work–family research.
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Radosavljevic, Uros. "Conditions influencing waterfront development and urban actors capacity as a strategic response." Spatium, no. 17-18 (2008): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0818078r.
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This paper is primarily based on the research on existing waterfront development that occurred in last few decades of the XX century in Western Europe with potentials for waterfront development in the changed and transitional context that Serbia and Belgrade is going through: from centrally driven system to market oriented economy with the multi stakeholder arena in the processes of globalization - urban management and development paradigms change. The aim of the paper is to define and underline conditions influencing waterfront development (WFD); to examine who the urban actors are that trigger WFD and what strategies have been created by them for WFD as a response to those conditions. Conclusions will be drawn at the end from the Western European context that might be applicable for developing WFD strategy in Belgrade. .
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Bhalla, Abha, and Lakhwinder Singh Kang. "The Role of Personality in Influencing Work–Family Balance Experience: A Study of Indian Journalists." Global Business Review 21, no. 4 (June 27, 2018): 1037–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150918779157.
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While an increasing body of research has investigated the situational factors affecting balancing of work and family roles, there is still scarcity of research on the relationship between personal factors and work -family balance (WFB). Therefore, the purpose of this article is to estimate the effect of big five personality traits (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism) on the four dimensions of WFB i.e. work-to-family conflict [WFC], family-to-work conflict [FWC], work-to-family facilitation [WFF] and family-to-work facilitation [FWF] among Indian journalists. From the perspective of WFB, journalists are regarded as an interesting group that has rarely been examined by the scholars. The study validated the ‘fourfold WFB scale and ‘big five personality’ scale in the Indian context. Further, results revealed that big five personality variables emerged as significant predictor set for all the four dimensions of WFB. Unexpectedly, conscientiousness did not reduce WFC, given the unpredictable nature of journalism that pressurizes even a conscientious journalist to sacrifice his family life and work lousy hours. Openness behaved like a double-edged sword that escalate both conflict and facilitation experiences. However, extraversion did not increase facilitation experience for journalists. These findings suggest media organizations to conduct personality test for recruiting suitable candidates, whose personality traits make them best suited to the stressors of journalism profession. Moreover, knowledge of employees’ personality traits may increase the effectiveness of organizational interventions that aims to enhance employees’ WFB.
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Josefsson, Henrik. "Good Ecological Potential – A Credible Objective for Water Management?" Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 13, no. 2 (June 23, 2016): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01302004.
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It is notable that of the environmental objectives of the Water Framework Directive (wfd), good ecological potential has been given less attention. The Weser case has made it possible to establish a more detailed understanding of ‘ecological potential’. An analysis indicates that the main approach to implementing ‘ecological potential’, the non-wfd mitigation-measure approach, creates discontinuity among the environmental objectives, which the wfd reference method does not. Even if the mitigation-measure approach accommodates enhancements, bodies of water are still not classified in accordance with the wfd. If a body of water is incorrectly classified, both good ecological potential and the non-deterioration prohibition should not be binding, as the ‘ecological status’ has not been determined. Furthermore, two different and uncoordinated forms of ‘ecological potential’ establish diverging quality standards, and risk legal uncertainty and inconstancy among Member States.
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Farmaki, Polytimi. "Water Framework Directive (An “Open up” Tool for Public Participation in Water Policy)." Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing 3, no. 30 (October 5, 2021): 06–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52132/ajrsp.e.2021.301.
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The new EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60 prescribes an adaptive water governance system and has been the European Union's most comprehensive tool for the management and protection of water resources. This article analyses how WFD encourages the active involvement of “all interested parties” and represents how public participation has a key role in successful implementation. The aim of this paper is to understand the functioning and effectiveness of the new model introduced to address the lack of implementation of EU environmental rules, as WFD since its introduction in 2000, requires member states to design and implement river basin management plans via participatory processes. Moreover, we have identified that Common Implementation Strategy of WFD was designed as a tool for public participation and stakeholder involvement to river basin management planning and how participatory approaches are implemented as the new "governance" within the EU in the field of environmental policy.
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N. Moni, Syazwan, Edriyana A. Aziz, M. A. Malek, Nadiah Mokhtar, and Amirul A. Borhan. "Prediction of Blue Water Footprint Accounting for Water Treatment Plants in Kuantan River Basin." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22748.
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Water treatment plants (WTPs) in Kuantan river basin abstracts water from the blue water source, which is the Kuantan river. Therefore, by accounting the blue water footprint (WFb), the overall water consumption for all five WTPs namely; Sungai Lembing, Bukit Sagu, Panching, Semambu, and Bukit Ubi can be obtained. In order to predict the value, Backpropagation method is the best method to be used due to the historical data obtained from the WFb accounting for all five WTPs above. The objective of this study is to predict the overall blue water consumption for water treatment plants located along Kuantan river basin using Backpropagation method in artificial neural network. In this study, WFb has been accounted throughout all water treatment plants by using reference from water footprint manual. Then, the WFb will undergo a series of testing using application in MATLAB software in order to predict the future value based on historical data from 2015 until 2016. As a result, the total WFb accounting obtained was 190,543,378.2 m3/day, while the total maximum capacity of the WTPs was 189,654,000 m3/day. Hence, the prediction value that kept increasing will not be able to cater the future demand due to unstoppable urbanization.
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Jenita, Jenita, Asep Saepudin, Lucky Radi Rinandiyana, Tine Badriatin, and Ramon Arthur Ferry Tumiwa. "Online work from bali selama pandemi covid-19: model pemasaran daerah tujuan wisata." Jurnal Komunikasi Profesional 5, no. 4 (July 29, 2021): 305–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/jkp.v5i4.3887.
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The government formed the Work From Bali (WFB) initiative aimed at State Civil Apparatus (ASN) to help the tourism sector on the Island of the Gods to revive due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The government has decided to hold the Work From Bali (WFB) program in the Nusa Dua area of Bali. The Nusa Dua area of Bali is managed by a State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN), in particular the Indonesian Tourism Development Agency. This study aims to uncover the discourse on Work From Bali (WFB) news in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this research is critical discourse analysis by van Dijk. The unit of analysis of this research is Kompas.com online news related to Work From Bali (WFB) in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic in the period 27 May 2021 to 31 May 2021. The results show that the news discourse that appears related to Work From Bali (WFB) in In the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, there is an economic discourse in boosting tourism in Bali. However, these efforts still require re-examination so that social considerations do not arise that focus on activities that must be carried out in Bali.
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Latinopoulos, Dionissis, Pantelis Sidiropoulos, and Ifigenia Kagalou. "Gap Analysis Targeting WFD Monitoring and Pressure Mapping: Lessons Learned from “EcoSUSTAIN”, Interreg-MED Project." Proceedings 2, no. 11 (July 31, 2018): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110621.
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According to WFD, European countries shall establish monitoring programmes for water quality overview. In EcoSUSTAIN, an Interreg–MED project, Gap analysis, an approach that reveals the difference between current and desired level, was carried out, targeting five Mediterranean hydro-ecosystems covering “Monitoring Practices” and “Water Quality and Pressures”. Our goal is to investigate practicing deficiencies, as long as information lack and distance from desirable status, supporting water uses and WFD goals. Data was collected by literature research supported by questionnaires. The findings on both fields, revealed problematic areas dealing with the compliance with the WFD and several deficiencies in tackling pressures.
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Everbecq, Etienne, Aline Grard, Pol Magermans, and Jean-François Deliège. "Water Framework Directive and Modelling Using PEGOPERA Simulation Software." Journal of Modeling and Optimization 11, no. 1 (June 15, 2019): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jmo.2019.11.1.36.
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The Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) established a framework for community action in the field of water policy. To implement the WFD, the competent authorities for watershed management should use modelling techniques to establish, for example, the pressure/impacts relationship. The PegOpera modelling tool (composed of the water quality model Pegase and a friendly Graphical User Interface), has been developed in order to be compliant with the requirements of the WFD. Pegase is a physicochemical model describing the behaviour of whole river systems, at various scales, from tens to tens of thousands km². The specificity of the model is its ability to work at a high spatial resolution not only for small river basins (water body level), but also for large drainage networks. Already used by several basin management competent authorities, the PegOpera modelling tool proved to be an efficient tool for helping in surface water management from local up to the international district level and is therefore an operational numerical tool for WFD implementation.
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Field, Rowena J., Tara J. Field, Fereshteh Pourkazemi, and Kieron B. Rooney. "Experience of participants with chronic pain in a pilot randomized clinical trial using a ketogenic diet." Pain Management 12, no. 3 (April 2022): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pmt-2021-0084.
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Aim: To report the experience of chronic pain participants after a well-formulated ketogenic diet (WFKD) or whole-food diet (WFD). The quantitative outcomes for this trial have been published separately (clinical trial registration number ACTRN12620000946910). Patients & methods: The experience of 24 participants was evaluated after 12 and 24 weeks of dietary intervention using survey responses and open questions. Results & conclusion: Retention rates for the WFKD and WFD groups were 93 and 89%, respectively. Average adherence to the WFKD was 82% and to the WFD was 87%. The WFKD enjoyment was rated at 66 and 81% for the WFD group. The ease of adhering to the diet varied more widely for the WFKD group. Barriers included knowledge integration, time management, navigating social food environments and emotional attachment to eliminated foods. Facilitators included structured support and coaching, and comprehensive learning materials. The WFKD was shown to be a feasible and effective treatment option for chronic pain.
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Staněk, Vladimír, Krumm Semkov, Nikolai Kolev, and Georgii Paskalev. "Theoretical and experimental investigation of the function of the wall flow deflecting ring. A single ring." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 12 (1985): 2685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19852685.
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Theoretical model has been formulated of the flow of liquid in a randomly packed trickle bed column equipped with special wall flow deflecting rings (WFDR). Solutions have been obtained of the model for the case of a single ring. Theoretical results have been compared with experimental distributions of liquid in a 188.6 mm in diameter column packed with 25 mm Raschig rings and equipped with a single WFDR. Reasonable agreement of the theory with experimental results has been found and the theory is felt to be important in the future for optimizations of the number, size and spacing of the WFDR's to be used in industrial columns to check the extent of the flow on the wall.
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Tsvetkov, Mucho K. "Sofia Sky-Archive Data Center: Photographic Plate Collections for Developing Countries." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x0000081x.
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The Sofia Sky Archive Data Center (SSADC) was developed on the base of the Wide-Field Plate Database (WFPDB – http://www.skyarchive.org) as a project of the Working Group on Sky Surveys, Commission 9 of the IAU, and is dedicated to saving plate collections. The center manages 12 PCs connected in a local computer network and a PDS 1010 microdensitometer donated by the European Southern Observatory. The main field of operation is the WFPDB development, plate digitization and image processing for different astronomical tasks in South- and East Europe (Russia, Ukraine, Armenia, etc.), and as a regional coordinator especially for the neighbour countries – Romania, Yugoslavia, Macedonia, Greece and Turkey. The main problem in the way of the WFPDB development is the creation of the computer-readable plate catalogues of the original logbooks because the speed of converting the logbooks in a computer-readable form is very low. The message is: we have to find the way to accelerate this important part of the project where the role of the developing countries in this direction should be very important. (Co-authors are: K. Tsvetkova, K. Stavrev V. Popov, H. Lukarski, A. Borisova, M-E. S. Michailov and G. Borisov of Sofia, Bulgaria, and S. Christov, Bulgarian South-West University).
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Tanaka, Yosisato. "Impressions on the 11th International Congress WFD." Japan Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics 32, no. 4 (1991): 428–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5112/jjlp.32.428.
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Bouleau, Gabrielle. "The WFD dreams: between ecology and economics." Water and Environment Journal 22, no. 4 (December 2008): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2008.00122.x.
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Schiavon, Ricardo Piorno, and Beatriz Barbuy. "The Near Infrared FeH Lines as Indicators of Surface Gravity of M stars." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 171 (1996): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900233597.
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We compute synthetic spectra in the region around 1 μm, including the Wing-Ford band (WFB) of Iron Hydride (FeH) in the calculations. This band is known to be a good indicator of surface gravities of M stars. Employing Kurucz model atmospheres, we study the response of the intensity of the WFB to atmospheric parameters and check our results against observations of M dwarfs. This study is part of an ongoing project which aims to investigate the M dwarf-to-giant ratio in galaxies, through a population synthesis method, exploring a number of spectral indicators in the near infrared, such as the WFB, the NaI, CaII and CO near infrared features.
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Engelen, Donné van, Christian Seidelin, Rob van der Veeren, David N. Barton, and Kabir Queb. "Cost-effectiveness analysis for the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive." Water Policy 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2008): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2008.041.
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The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) prescribes cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) as an economic tool for the minimisation of costs when formulating programmes of measures to be implemented in the European river basins by the year 2009. The WFD does not specify, however, which approach to CEA has to be taken by the EU member states. In this paper the lack of a standardised approach to CEA for the implementation of the WFD is taken as the point of departure. The aim of the paper is to discuss and evaluate two pragmatic approaches to CEA based on case studies recently performed in The Netherlands and Denmark. The case studies allow for the comparison of a quantitative and a qualitative approach to CEA at the water body and river basin level and for an evaluation of the approaches in terms of their practical applicability, their transparency and the extent to which they render sound results for decision-making. Conclusions are drawn with regard to the suitability of the two approaches for the implementation of the EU WFD.
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Myšiak, J., and K. Sigel. "Sources of uncertainty in economic analysis of the Water Framework Directive." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 6 (September 1, 2005): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0164.
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The Water Framework Directive (WFD) imposes a new approach to water resource management in the EU states. Uncertainty surrounding its implementation, however, could badly affect the achievement of the objectives set by the Directive. Although not directly linked to a set of techniques to deal with it, the WFD and accompanying guidance documents mention uncertainty as a relevant factor in implementing the WFD and especially in the context of economic analysis of water uses. In this paper we review several sources of uncertainty surrounding economic analysis focusing on uncertainty related to socioeconomic descriptors of river basins and water uses and uncertainty surrounding the selection of measures (WFD article 11). While a number of sources of uncertainty in socioeconomic descriptors of river basins and water uses are discussed, we argue that the transformation of this information into hydrological spatial units may turn out to be a real challenge for uncertainty assessment. For the choice of the most appropriate measures, we distinguish between uncertainty being ‘internalised’ in decisions (by using stochastic decision methods) and uncertainty stemming from the application of these methods.
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Skeffington, R. A., S. J. Halliday, A. J. Wade, M. J. Bowes, and M. Loewenthal. "Using high frequency water quality data to assess sampling strategies for the EU Water Framework Directive." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 1 (January 28, 2015): 1279–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-1279-2015.
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Abstract. The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires that the ecological and chemical status of water bodies in Europe should be assessed, and action taken where possible to ensure that at least "good" quality is attained in each case by 2015. This paper is concerned with the accuracy and precision with which chemical status in rivers can be measured given certain sampling strategies, and how this can be improved. High frequency (hourly) chemical data from four rivers in southern England were subsampled to simulate different sampling strategies for four parameters used for WFD classification: dissolved phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, pH and water temperature. These data sub-sets were then used to calculate the WFD classification for each site. Monthly sampling was less precise than weekly sampling, but the effect on WFD classification depended on the closeness of the range of concentrations to the class boundaries. In some cases, monthly sampling for a year could result in the same water body being assigned to one of 3 or 4 WFD classes with 95% confidence, whereas with weekly sampling this was 1 or 2 classes for the same cases. In the most extreme case, random sampling effects could result in the same water body being assigned to any of the 5 WFD quality classes. The width of the weekly sampled confidence intervals was about 33% that of the monthly for P species and pH, about 50% for dissolved oxygen, and about 67% for water temperature. For water temperature, which is assessed as the 98th percentile in the UK, monthly sampling biases the mean downwards by about 1 °C compared to the true value, due to problems of assessing high percentiles with limited data. Confining sampling to the working week compared to all seven days made little difference, but a modest improvement in precision could be obtained by sampling at the same time of day within a 3 h time window, and this is recommended. For parameters with a strong diel variation, such as dissolved oxygen, the value obtained, and thus possibly the WFD classification, can depend markedly on when in the cycle the sample was taken. Specifying this in the sampling regime would be a straightforward way to improve precision, but there needs to be agreement about how best to characterise risk in different types of river. These results suggest that in some cases it will be difficult to assign accurate WFD chemical classes or to detect likely trends using current sampling regimes, even for these largely groundwater-fed rivers. A more critical approach to sampling is needed to ensure that management actions are appropriate and supported by data.