Academic literature on the topic 'Wetu telu'
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Journal articles on the topic "Wetu telu"
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Hariati, Sri. "Dinamika Transisi Komunitas Wetu Telu Dalam Keyakinan Pelaksanaan Syari’at Islam." Jatiswara 34, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jatiswara.v34i2.207.
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Tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah Untuk mengetahui keberadaan komunitas Wetu Telu dan mengetahui bagaimana dinamika transisi komunitas Wetu Telu dalam pelaksanaan keyakinan syar’at Islam. Di Dusun sangiang Desa kumbang Kecamatan masbagik Lombok timur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian empiris dengan subyek penelitian antara lain, tokoh adat Wetu Telu, tokoh agama Wetu Telu dan masyarakat Wetu Telu serta tokoh agama, tokoh masyarkat wetu lima dan aparatur desa seperti kadus, kepala desa. Komunitas Wetu Telu yang ada di Dusun Sangiang Desa Kumbang Masbagik saat ini masih dalam proses verifikasi kepelaksanaan syari’at Islam, keberadaan mereka sangat minoritas tapi sebagian mampu bertahan di atas masifnya proses verifikasi oleh para pendakwah.
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Muliadi, Muliadi, and Didin Komarudin. "THE ISLAMIC CULTURE OF “WETU TELU ISLAM” AFFECTING SOCIAL RELIGION IN LOMBOK." EL HARAKAH (TERAKREDITASI) 22, no. 1 (June 16, 2020): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/el.v22i1.7384.
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This writing is motivated by a very abundant religious culture in Indonesia, including the phenomenon found in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara which is famous for “Wetu Telu Islam”. It contains the religious system filled with ceremonies and rituals which are accompanied by special symbols that have certain meanings. The method used in this paper is historical descriptive, by systematically explaining the history of the people of Lombok, the cultural patterns of “Wetu Telu Islam”, including its historical figures, doctrine, development, and existence. Then the writer uses structural semiology in analyzing the meaning of symbol elements found in the religious rituals of “Wetu Telu Islam” in Lombok. “Wetu Telu Islam” according to the people of Lombok is a very perfect Islam as it is built from two solid dimensions, namely dzohir and ihsan. For that reason, “Wetu Telu Islam” for them is the teachings of Sufism which emphasize the spirit, and soul. It is the spirit of holistic Islamic teachings, namely: shari’a, thoriqot, haqiqot, and ma‘rifat. Everything is building up, mutually reinforcing, and inseparable.Tulisan ini bermuara dari budaya agama yang sangat berlimpah di Indonesia, termasuk fenomena yang ditemukan di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat yang terkenal dengan “Islam Wetu Telu”. Sistem keagamaan yang terkandung di dalamnya sarat upacara dan ritual yang disertai simbol-simbol khusus bermakna tertentu. Metode yang digunakan dalam makalah ini adalah deskriptif historis, yaitu secara sistematis menjelaskan sejarah masyarakat Lombok, pola-pola budaya “Islam Wetu Telu”, termasuk tokoh sejarah, doktrin, perkembangan dan keberadaannya. Kemudian penulis menggunakan semiologi struktural dalam menganalisis makna elemen simbol yang ditemukan dalam ritual keagamaan “Islam Wetu Telu”di Lombok. “Islam Wetu Telu” menurut masyarakat Lombok adalah Islam yang sangat sempurna karena dibangun dari dua dimensi yang kuat, yaitu dzohir dan ihsan. Karena itu, “Islam Wetu Telu” bagi mereka adalah ajaran tasawuf yang menekankan hati dan jiwa. Ini adalah semangat ajaran Islam holistik, yaitu: syariah, thoriqot, haqiqot, dan ma’rifat. Semuanya membangun, saling menguatkan, dan tak terpisahkan.
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ANIQ, AHMAD FATHAN. "LOMBOK ISLAM IN THE EYES OF ANTHROPOLOGISTS." ALQALAM 28, no. 2 (August 31, 2011): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v28i2.1372.
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Sasak adalah kelompok suku terbesar di Lombok. Mereka terbagi ke dalam dua kelompok,yaitu Wetu Telu dan Waktu Lima. Waktu Lima adalah sebuah komunitas yang mendefinisikan diri sebagai penganut Islam ortodoks. Sedangkan Watu Telu adalah komunitas suku sasak marjinal yang memiliki kepercayaan yang dianggap sinkretik karena mereka masih mempercayai roh-roh nenek moyang mereka. Akan tetapi, sekitar delapan dekade yang lalu, sebagian muslim Lombok masih menjadi penganut Islam Wetu Telu. Perubahan yang sangat cepat ini mengundang banyak sarjana untuk melakukan penelitian tentang hubungan sosial dan keberagamaan masyarakat Lombok. Secara khusus, mereka tertarik untuk mengkqji pembagian antara Wetu Telu dan Waktu Lima.Artikel ini merupakan kajian literatur yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji relasi kuasa antara Wetu Telu, Waktu Lima dan pemerintah. Artikel ini mencoba meninjau konflik-konflik yang timbul dari hubungan-hubungan tersebut. Selanjutnya, artikel ini juga akan mengkaji perubahan paradigma S uku Sasak dan paradigma pemerintah dalam memandang posisi Wetu Telu. Untuk memahami hal tersebut, penulis akan mencoba menggali kajian-kajian antropologi mengenai masyarakat. Banyak literatur yang sudah membahas mengenai masyarakat Wetu Telu dan Waktu Lima. Untuk menganalisis data, penulis menggunakan metode induktif dan metode deskriptif analitis.Kata Kunci: Sasak, islamisasi, konflik, polarisasi, relasi kuasa
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Purna, Made. "MERAJUT PLURALISME DI DESA LINGSAR, KECAMATAN LINGSAR, LOMBOK BARAT, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT." Forum Arkeologi 33, no. 2 (November 4, 2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/fa.v33i2.670.
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Lingsar village on the island of Lombok is unique. It has two places of worship, a temple and kemaliq, and also perang topat which is respected by the Balinese ethnic of Hindu and Wetu Telu Islam Sasak tribe. This village also has a tradition that unites Hindu and Islam Wetu Telu, in the form of slamatan and a joint funeral. The main reference used in carrying out daily life and tradition by the two ethnic groups, and the two devotees, is to materialize state the pluralist attitude as a pace of mutual respect and tolerance. The purpose of this research is to describe the existence of Hindu and Islam Wetu Telu symbols as a worship media, and to find out society’s perceptions to pluralism in Taman Lingsar temple. This research uses a qualitative method. Primary data were obtained by observation and interviews with village officials, religious leaders, humanists, from the Hindu and Muslim Wetu Telu. Secondary data were collected from library sources. The result informs that the life of people in Lingsar Village is harmonious, with mutual respect, from the perceptions of Hindu and Islam Wetu Telu symbols. These symbols, both physical and nonphysical, are part of a symbol system that builds synergistic relationships, a religious social order between Hindu and Islam Wetu Telu in Lombok. Desa Lingsar di Pulau Lombok memiliki keunikan utama yaitu terdapat dua tempat ibadah, pura dan kemaliq serta perang topat yang dihormati bersama antara umat Hindu dari suku bangsa Bali dan Islam Wetu Telu dari suku bangsa Sasak. Selain itu desa ini juga memiliki tradisi yang menyatukan antara umat Hindu dengan Islam Wetu Telu, yaitu berupa tradisi slamatan dan pemakaman bersama. Rujukan utama yang dipakai dalam menjalankan kehidupan seharihari dan menjalankan tradisi tersebut oleh kedua suku bangsa dan dua umat tersebut, adalah dengan mewujudnyatakan sikap pluralis sebagai langkah saling menghormati dan toleran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan keberadaan simbol-simbol agama Hindu dan Islam Wetu Telu sebagai media pemujaan, dan untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat tentang pluralisme di Pura Taman Lingsar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data primer didapat dengan cara observasi dan wawancara dengan aparat desa, tokoh agama, budayawan, dari umat Hindu dan Islam Wetu Telu. Sedangkan data sekunder dikumpulkan dari sumber-sumber pustaka. Hasil penelitian menginformasikan bahwa kehidupan masyarakat di Desa Lingsar harmonis, dengan saling menghargai dan menghormati satu sama lain, dari hasil persepsi terhadap simbol-simbol agama Hindu dan Islam Wetu Telu. Simbol-simbol tersebut baik berupa fisik maupun non fisik merupakan bagian dari sistem simbol yang membangun hubungan yang sinergis, membangun tatanan sosial religius antara umat Hindu dengan umat Islam Wetu Telu di Lombok.
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Mansyur, Zaenuddin. "Penerapan Ajaran Islam Wetu Telu di Tengah Ajaran Islam Waktu Lima: Upaya Melestarikan Kearifan Lokal Muslim Sasak." Religió: Jurnal Studi Agama-agama 9, no. 2 (September 20, 2019): 222–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/religio.v9i2.1206.
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Applying the concept of religious teaching, Muslim Waktu Lima in Lombok follows universal Islamic standard and reason as the main factor in determining attitude and behavior. However, Islam Waktu Lima does not maintain the concept of Islam Wetu Telu in a little way, such as the idea of ketemuk, membangar, nyunatang, ngurisang, mituk, nyiwak, bejango, dodotan, and sapuan. The practice of Islam Wetu Telu in the midst of Islam Waktu Lima tradition has been cultivated by several foundations. First, although the concept of Islam Wetu Telu differs from Islam Waktu Lima it represents a vehicle to maintain shared traditions between them. Second, in the process of transforming symbolic meaning within the practice of Islam Wetu Telu dan Islam Waktu Lima, there has been a common teaching performed based on rational logic, such as mituk, nyiwaan, and membangar. Third, the teaching of Islam Wetu Telu practiced by the adherents of Islam Waktu Lima was theologically based on the doctrines of the Qur’an and the Sunnah, like the tradition of ngurisang, and nyunatang. Fourth, the perfection of the concept of teaching received from their teachers and clerics is not yet complete. This paper aims to explain how Islam Waktu Lima accomodates Islam Wetu Telu teaching and concept within their everyday life.
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Wirata, I. Wayan. "A Study of Wetu Telu Syncretism in Lombok: Socio-Religious Approach." Soshum : Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 8, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/soshum.v8i1.774.
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Wetu Telu is a syncretism of belief prevalent in West Lombok region. Danghyang Dwijendra from Daha in East Java region is regarded as the founder of the Watu Telu cult. He came to the Island of Lombok to teach enlightenment. One of the Ashram where he developed Hindu teaching and religion was Suranadi, a beautiful holy place. That Ashram was encircled by holy water, which currently can still be used by the Hindu devotees in performing their sacred sacrifice (yajnya). This study is aimed at knowing social and religious aspects of Wetu Telu as cultural heritage. The data is obtained through literature review and in-depth interview with public figures. From the data analysis, it is obtained that the history and social background of the Sasak people who inhabit the island is a mix of ethnic groups and culture. With this background, Wetu Telu which is also the syncretism of Hindu, Buddha, Islam, and local culture has a composite nature by taking only important matters without leaving its original teaching. Wetu Telu is considered to be Lombok Hindu teaching; and Wetu Telu is as inseparable part of holy pilgrimage (dharma yatra) of Danghyang Nirartha to Lombok in giving enlightenment and spiritual happiness to the people of Lombok. With the existence of Wetu Telu, a new culture and identity is built. The interaction amongst different culture, religion, and ancestral custom stimulates the emergence of a new culture as a part of diffusion process, acculturation, and cultural adaptation in literature, art, as well as theology.
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Ribut, Gusti Ayu Santi Patni, Ida Bagus Gde Yudha Triguna, and I. Wayan Suija. "Didactic strategy of wetu telu cultural heritage on sasak tribe." International journal of linguistics, literature and culture 5, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v5n3.625.
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Wetu Telu culture is an indigenous culture of the Sasak tribe which is acculturation of Javanese, Balinese, and Islamic cultures. In religious practice, they are immersed in customs. According to Islam, WetuTelu culture is considered as an incomplete Islamic religion. But until now, the Wetu Telu culture still exists with its customs. This is an interesting phenomenon to be studied as a material for the dissertation "The Didactic Strategy of Wetu Telu Cultural Heritage on Sasak Tribe in Lembuak and Nyurlembang Village, Narmada Sub-district". This research used 3 theories; (1) cultural adaptation theory, to solve the first problem, (2) behaviorism theory, to solve the second problem, and (3) structural functionalism theory to solve the third problem. The data were in the form of qualitative data. They were collected by using: observation, interview, document study, and literature study. The findings of this study are The forms of the Wetu Telu culture which are still maintained today consist of ceremonies namely; Ritual life (gawe urip), Death Ritual (gawe pati), Art. Second, the strategy used to maintain the Wetu Telu culture is the Didactic Strategy of Cultural Heritage through Formal Education (social inquiry and expository), Informal (exemplary, habituation and advice) and Non-formal (Life skills education, youth education and women's empowerment education) Third, the implications towards the community: strengthening religious knowledge, increasing relations of social solidarity, creating inter-religious harmony.
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Rachmadhani, Arnis. "Perkawinan Islam Wetu Telu Masyarakat Bayan Lombok Utara." Analisa 18, no. 1 (June 3, 2011): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18784/analisa.v18i1.124.
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<p>This article examines the doctrine of marriage in Wetu Telu society in<br />Bayan, North Lombok. According to the community marriage is carried out<br />by three steps: perondongan, mepadik lamar, and selarian which is finished<br />with some rituals, such as menjojok, memulang, sejati, pemuput selabar,<br />akad nikah, sorong serah, nyongkolan, and balik onos nae. The marriage<br />ritual is led in accordance with Islamic teachings by the Head of Office of<br />Religious Affairs. <br />In spite of referring to Islamic sharia, the Wetu Telu also strongly holds<br />the teaching of their ancestors which is more identical with Siva-Buddhist<br />teaching. After a long process of acculturation with Hinduism, the later<br />takes a part in marriage process within the Wetu Telu. Therefore, the mar-<br />riage concept carried out by the Wetu Telu is a combination of Siva-Budhist <br />(as the religion of indigenous people) and Balinese Hinduism carried out by<br />Balinese kingdom which had been mixed with Islamic teachings that later<br />become local tradition. This local tradition then does create social stratification, <br />marriage procedures and marriage procession. The local wisdom of marriage among the Wetu Telu has a potential role to strengthen religious<br />harmony in multicultural society.</p><p> </p>
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Yusrifa, Fitria, Muhammad Faisal Nur Ikhsan, Rusli Akhmad Junaedi, and Muhammad Rodinal Khair. "MENEROPONG STRATEGI KEBUDAYAAN MELALUI KESADARAN HISTORIS “PANTANG MELUPAKAN LELUHUR” ISLAM WETU TELU." Jurnal Filsafat 26, no. 2 (August 27, 2016): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jf.12785.
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“Pantang Melupakan Leluhur” is one of devotion's action from Islam Wetu Telu's believers in Desa Bayan, Kecamatan Bayan, Kabupaten Lombok Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat, for the ancestors, as well as the way of life which makes them survive until now. This study was aiming to seek the cultural strategy behind the immortality of the ancestor values and analyze the historical awareness of "Pantang Melupakan Leluhur" Islam Wetu Telu by using philosophical hermeneutics method. The cultural strategy and the historical awareness of Islam Wetu Telu community relies on the feeling of fear and responsibility to what have been achieved and inherited by the past anchestor. The synthesis of spiral and God' destiny indicate that "Pantang Melupakan Leluhur" in the Islam Wetu Telu community is an ideal concept that is suitable with the historical movement of Indonesia which is attached in the identity of Indonesia, Pancasila.
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Rahman, Irham, and Rizki Yudha Bramantyo. "ANALISIS EKSISTENSI HUKUM ADAT AKIBAT PERKEMBANGAN PERATURAN DAERAH DI BIDANG INDUSTRI PARIWISATA (Studi Sosio-Legal Masyarakat Adat “Wetu Telu” di Bayan, Lombok Utara)." Yurispruden 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/yur.v4i1.9085.
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ABSTRACTThe existence of indigenous peoples has been recognized and respected by the Constitution. The Wetu Telu indigenous people have traditions from their ancestors with Islamic nuances and their existence is recognized until now. Besides, the local government's strategy to develop the tourism sector to improve the economy and regional development which is designed in regional regulations can affect the existence of Indigenous people. The purpose of this research is to know the changes in the existence of the Wetu Telu community customary law and to know the implementation of Regional Regulations in the tourism sector in Bayan village, North Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. This research uses juridical empirical or socio-legal research, which is a type of sociological legal research or field research that examines applicable legal provisions. Cultural preservation and tourism development need a Regional Regulation on the Recognition and Protection of Indigenous Peoples to protect normatively and with legal certainty and harmonize Regional Regulations between tourism development and recognition of indigenous peoples.Keyword: Adat Recht, Wetu Telu, Tourism ABSTRAKKeberadaan masyarakat adat telah diakui dan di hormati oleh Konstitusi. Masyarakat Adat Wetu Telu yang mempunyai adat istiadat dari nenek moyang mereka yang bernuansa islami dan sampai saat ini diakui eksistensinya. Disamping itu strategi pemerintah daerah untuk mengembangkan sektor pariwisata dalam rangka meningkatkan ekonomi dan pembangunan daerah yang di rancang dalam peraturan daerah, dapat mempengaruhi eksistensi masyarakat Adat. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui perubahan eksistensi hukum adat masyarakat Wetu Telu dan mengetahui implementasi Peraturan Dearah di bidang Pariwisata di desa Bayan, Kabupaten Lombok Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis empiris atau socio-legal, yakni jenis penelitian hukum sosiologis atau dengan penelitian lapangan yang mengkaji ketentuan hukum yang berlaku. Kelestarian budaya dan pengemangan pariwisata perlu adanya Peraturan Daerah tentang Pengakuan dan Perlindungan Masyarakat Adat untuk melindungi secara normatif dan berkepastian hukum serta menyelaraskan Peraturan Daerah antara pengembangan pariwisata dan pengakuan masyarakat adat.Kata Kunci: Adat Recht, Wetu Telu, Pariwisata
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wetu telu"
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Schellhorn, Matthias. "Rural tourism in the 'Third World' : the dialectic of development : the case of Desa Senaru at Gunung Rinjani National Park in Lombok Island." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Environment, Society and Design Division, 2007. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080221.124834/.
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This thesis examines the effectiveness of tourism as an agent of rural development, focusing on culture and nature-based destinations in the 'developing world'. The village of Desa Senaru at Gunung Rinjani National Park in Lombok Island, Indonesia, served as a case study.
Conservation agencies frequently support tourism development as a sustainable alternative to more extractive resource uses. Integrated conservation models, in particular, present 'eco'tourism as an effective instrument to enhance rural livelihoods while protecting the environment. Alongside international aid agencies, the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) also promotes the sector for its poverty reduction potential in 'third world' countries. Rural communities hold concomitant expectations of tourism's socio-cultural development potential. Furthermore, 'eco'tourism functions as a growing niche market for the globally expanding tourism industry and local entrepreneurs. As such it fits well into the economic rationale that underpins neo-liberal market strategies. With such a diversity of interests at stake, the question "What kind of business is tourism?" has become more complex, critical and pertinent than ever before.
Informed by development theories and the sociology of tourism, this analysis focuses on the multiple dichotomies that characterise 'third world' tourism. In the case of tourism development in Desa Senaru, several paradoxical outcomes have been identified. The most profound of these is the 'social justice paradox' that describes the way tourism costs and benefits are distributed within a heterogeneous community of native residents and migrant settlers. While most of the case study's tourism attractions are part of the cultural heritage of the wetu telu Sasak hamlets, these derive few economic benefits and struggle to access the new development opportunities 'eco'tourism offers. Filtered and directed by historical political relations, several key barriers to a meaningful participation of these native people in the 'business of tourism' have been identified. These include the prevailing conditions of education, culture, ethnicity, socio-economy, location, mobility, skills and knowledge.
Expectations of 'eco'tourism as a 'soft' industry analysed vis-à-vis the global biosphere effects of air transport highlight the 'eco-paradox' of international tourism. The cleavage between the poverty-focused aid policies of the New Zealand Government and an integrated conservation project, whose benefits local elites have largely captured, illustrates the 'project paradox' of rural tourism development programmes.
In the 'development paradox' of cultural tourism, symbolic constructs of 'otherness' (such as 'aesthetic poverty') contrast with various development agendas; in their search for the 'real' traditional village, for example, the tourists reject all signifiers of material progress and modernity. Their curious gaze at the spiritual practices and everyday life world of the wetu telu villagers manifests opposite a recent history of state-sanctioned religious discrimination. Taken together, these paradoxical local outcomes emphasize the significance of power relations and political dimensions within the globally expanding 'business of tourism'.
Ethical considerations are an important aspect of this study as they contribute towards an 'ethic of development' that, so far, has found little theoretical resonance amongst scholars of tourism studies. To operationalise the ethical concerns raised, the thesis posits a model of a holistic approach to development. This recognises tourism as a complex open system.
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Siqueira, Eder jose. "Polyamidoamine epichlorohydrin-based papers : mechanisms of wet strength development and paper repulping." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952991.
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Polyamideamine epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin is a water soluble additive and the most used permanent wet strength additive in alkaline conditions for preparing wet strengthened papers. In this thesis, we studied some properties of PAE resins and wet strengthened papers prepared from them. In order to elucidate PAE structure, liquid state, 1H and 13C NMR was performed and permitted signals assignment of PAE structure. PAE films were prepared to study cross-linking reactions and then thermal and ageing treatments were performed. According to our results, the main PAE cross-linking reaction occurs by a nucleophilic attack of N atoms in the PAE and/or polyamideamine structures forming 2-propanol bridges between PAE macromolecules. A secondary contribution of ester linkages to the PAE cross-linking was also observed. However, this reaction, which is thermally induced, only occurs under anhydrous conditions. The mechanism related to wet strength development of PAE-based papers was studied by using CMC as a model compound for cellulosic fibres and PAE-CMC interactions as a model for PAE-fibres interactions. Based on results from NMR and FTIR, we clearly showed that PAE react with CMC that is when carboxylic groups are present in great amounts. Consequently, as the number of carboxylic groups present in lignocellulosic fibres is considerably less important and the resulting formed ester bonds are hydrolysable, we postulate that ester bond formation has a negligible impact on the wet strength of PAE-based papers. In the second part of this work, a 100% Eucalyptus pulp suspension was used to prepare PAE-based papers. PAE was added at different dosages (0.4, 0.6 and 1%) into the pulp suspension and its adsorption was indirectly followed by measuring the zeta potential. Results indicate that the adsorption, reconformation and/or penetration phenomena reach an apparent equilibrium between 10 and 30 min. Moreover, we showed that the paper dry strength was not significantly affected by the conductivity level (from 100 to 3000 µS/cm) of the pulp suspension. However, the conductivity has an impact on the wet strength and this effect seems to be enhanced for the highest PAE dosage (1%). We also demonstrated that storing the treated paper under controlled conditions or boosting the PAE cross-linking with a thermal post-treatment does not necessarily lead to the same wet strength. Degrading studies of cross-linked PAE films showed that PAE degradation in a persulfate solution at alkaline medium was more effective. A preliminary study of industrial PAE-based papers (coated and uncoated papers) was also performed. For uncoated paper, persulfate treatment was the most efficient. For coated papers, all treatments were inefficient in the used conditions, although a decrease of the wet tensile force of degraded samples was observed. The main responsible of the decrease of persulfate efficiency for coated papers was probably related to side reactions of free radicals with the coating constituents.
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Gitau, Wilson. "Diagnosis and predictability of intraseasonal characteristics of wet and dry spells over equatorial east Africa." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794889.
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Most of Eastern Africa has arid and semi-arid climate with high space-time variability in rainfall. The droughts are very common in this region, and often persist for several years, preceded or followed by extreme floods. Most of the livelihoods and socio-economic activities however remain rain-dependent leading to severe negative impacts during the periods of occurrence of climate extremes. It has been noted that one extreme event was capable of reversing national economic growth made over a period of several years. Thus no sustainable development can be attained in eastern Africa without effective mainstreaming of climate information in the development policies, plans and programmes. Many past studies in the region have focused on rainfall variability at seasonal, annual and decadal scales. Very little work has been done at intraseasonal timescale that is paramount to most agricultural applications. This study aims at filling this research gap, by investigating the structure of rainfall season in terms of the distribution of wet and dry spells and how this distribution varies in space and time at interannual time scale over Equatorial Eastern Africa. Prediction models for use in the early warning systems aimed at climate risk reduction were finally developed. The specific objectives of the study include, delineate and diagnose the some aspects of the distribution of the wet and dry spells at interannual timescale; investigate the linkages between the aspects of the distribution of wet and dry spells identified and dominant large scale climate fields that drive the global climate; and assess the predictability of the various aspects of wet and dry spells for the improvement of the use in the early warning systems of the region.Several datasets spanning a period of 40 years (1961 - 2000) were used. The data included gauged daily rainfall amount for the three Eastern Africa countries namely Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania; Hadley Centre Sea Surface Temperature (SST); re-analysis data and radiosonde observations from Nairobi (Kenya) and Bangui (Central Africa Republic) upper air stations. The indices of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole and SST gradients which constituted the predefined predictors were also used [...]
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Lavaud, Cyril. "Traitement d'effluents aqueux par complexation en milieu micellaire et précipitation par voie sol-gel." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023177.
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Le traitement des effluents aqueux issus des usines de retraitement de La Hague est un enjeu important pour l'environnement. Ces effluents sont contaminés par des substances organiques et des éléments possédant une radioactivité résiduelle. Ce travail porte donc sur le développement et l'optimisation du procédé de dépollution avec pour objectifs d'exempter l'effluent de toute pollution et de former un déchet final compatible avec les matrices de conditionnement classiques dans le milieu nucléaire. Le procédé de séparation se décompose en deux étapes : l'étape de solubilisation de la pollution dans des micelles de tensioactifs et l'étape de précipitation d'une phase minérale par transition sol-gel.Dans la cadre de la thèse, seule la pollution due aux radionucléides a été étudiée. Lors de la première étape, la stratégie a consisté à utiliser des molécules complexantes capable d'interagir avec les ions et de former des complexes préférentiellement solubles dans le cœur des micelles de tensioactifs. Par la suite, la deuxième étape a consisté à ajouter un précurseur de silice qui après hydrolyse et polycondensation permet d'agréger les micelles contenant les complexes entre elles et de former une phase silice qui précipite de façon in-situ. L'objectif de dépollution de l'effluent a été atteint et le déchet final formé est une poudre de silice contenant les micelles et la pollution qui après calcination est compatible avec les matrices de conditionnement telles que le verre ou le ciment. Différentes études ont permis de définir un système de référence pour lequel le procédé de séparation est optimal. Ce système comprend un tensioactif non-ionique (P123), un ion simulant les radionucléides (néodyme), une molécule complexante (HDEHP) et un précurseur de silice (TEOS). Ainsi, ce système a fait l'objet d'études approfondies pour élargir le champ d'action du procédé de séparation et pour comprendre les mécanismes en jeu lors de la complexation des ions et de la solubilisation micellaire, puis lors de la formation de la poudre de silice avec des techniques de diffusion, d'imagerie, de spectrométrie et d'analyses de surface.En conclusion, le procédé alternatif de dépollution développé dans cette thèse a permis d'atteindre les objectifs de dépollution et d'expliquer les différents mécanismes qui régissent chaque étape du procédé.Mots-clés : Tensioactifs, Lanthanides, Ligands organophosphorés, Procédé sol-gel, Diffusion des neutrons, wet-STEM
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Aucher, Jérémie. "Etude comparative du comportement composites à matrice thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557897.
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Cette thèse consiste en une étude comparative des propriétés thermomécaniques de composites tissés à matrice thermoplastique (PEEK ou PPS) et thermodurcissable (époxy). Une analyse bibliographique a permis la comparaison les comportements des ces stratifies en fonction de la nature de la matrice, de la sollicitation et des conditions environnementales. Une étude expérimentale a conduit à une base de données des trois matériaux sous diverses sollicitations mécaniques (essais monotones élémentaires et structures) et différentes conditions environnementales (température et V.H.). Des essais sur assemblages boulonnes (simple et double recouvrement) ont également été réalisés. Une technique de mesure de champ par corrélation d'images numériques a permis d'étudier le comportement de stratifies troues. Enfin, un modèle de comportement élastoplastique orthotrope de stratifies tisses a matrice thermoplastique a été implémenté dans le code E.F. cast3m et valide pour différentes températures.
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Darwich, Samer. "Colloidal Gold Nanoparticules : A study of their Drying-Mediated Assembly in Mesoscale Aggregation Patterns and of their AFM Assisted Nanomanipulation on Model Solid Surfaces." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718640.
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This work deals with the study of the drying-mediated assembly of colloidal gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in mesoscale aggregation patterns and their manipulation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on model surfaces. The assembly of NPs in mesoscale and complex aggregation patterns assisted by the wetting and the drying of complex fluids (suspensions of NPs, NPs/biopolymers mixed solutions) on homogeneous and heterogeneous molecular surfaces was studied. This issue is important, both for understanding fundamental processes of self-organization, and for generating new functional mesostructures. The drying of complex fluids often leads to the emergence of highly complex aggregation structures as shown and discussed in this work. The richness and the aesthetics of these complex structures generated by these interfacial phenomena reflect not only the bulk properties of fluids (different sizes and lengths- scales, kinetic changes in state), but more importantly, the coupling between the fluid properties and those of the substrate surface (wetting interactions, confinement, hydrodynamics). In the case of two important heterogeneous fluids which are Au NPs and polysaccharide solutions, these drying-mediated structure formation lead to the genesis of unusually large and highly ramified dendrites aggregation patterns. The growth mechanism and the critical parameters that control the morphogenesis of these complexes structures are addressed in this work. In addition, the aging mechanisms and kinetics of these structures that are metastable and evolve either through direct dislocation via clusters NPs mobility on the surface, or through undulation-induced roughning of the dendrite branches. To better understanding this NPs mobility and thus the dislocation mechanism of the aging, a detailed study based on the manipulation of NPs by atomic force microscopy in tapping mode (AFM) was developed. The threshold dissipated energy to manipulate (move) the NPs can be quantified according to the intrinsic parameters of the particle (size, shape, and chemical nature), the chemical nature and topography of the substrate, and finally the operating and environment conditions. This work enabled us to understand the mechanisms and characterize the critical parameters that may intervene in the dislocation (aging) of NPs-based functional structures, depending on the nature of the environment liquid and the substrate. Finally, this work proposes an approch of evaluation and of monitoring the stability and the aging of these aggregation structures, in particular, those formed from the drying of films and drops of nano-particles solutions (metal nanoparticles, blood: proteins, viruses ...).
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Rivas, Araiza Rocio Nohemi. "Hydrogels physiques de chitosane sous forme de macro-fibres creuses et multi-membranaires : mise en oeuvre et étude microstructurale." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880397.
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Ce travail a eu pour objectif la mise au point d'un nouveau procédé de filage par voie humide dans des conditions de coagulation interrompue pour la formation des fibres creuses mono- et multi-membranaire à base d'hydrogels de chitosane. Pour cela, l'étude du rôle des paramètres de filage (vitesse d'extrusion et d'étirage) et des paramètres physico-chimiques de coagulation (concentration du collodion, nature et concentration de l'agent coagulant) a d'abord permis d'élaborer des fibres creuses à partir d'un macrofilament liquide. Cette approche a été généralisée pour la fabrication de fibres creuses multi-membranaires en mettant au point un procédé de neutralisation à plusieurs étapes au moyen de bains successifs coagulation/lavage conduisant ainsi à la formation d'un assemblage de membranes et d'espaces membranaires. En modifiant la viscosité du collodion et la nature et concentration de la base neutralisante, la microstructure des hydrogels de chitosane a été analysée par diffusion/diffraction de rayonnement (X et lumière) et microscopie électronique. Selon les conditions de coagulation, il est possible de former des hydrogels par assemblages d'agrégats ou encore des structures bien organisées comme les gels de chitosane avec micro-canaux. En résumé, ce travail a permis d'apporter de nouveaux éléments sur le phénomène de coagulation du chitosane pour la formation d'une large gamme de matériaux bio-inspirés "leurres des milieux biologiques" à propriétés biologiques contrôlées pour l'ingénierie tissulaire: tube creux ou multi-membranaires comme substituts vasculaires, ou comme guides pour régénération nerveuse
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Song, Jinyan. "Capteurs optiques intégrés basés sur des lasers à semiconducteur et des résonateurs en anneaux interrogés en intensité." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00811402.
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Ce travail de thèse porte sur la conception et la réalisation de capteurs optiques ultracompacts et sensibles utilisant le mode d'interrogation en intensité pour la détection d'analytes chimiques et biologiques. Deux approches, l'intégration hybride et l'intégration monolithique, ont été explorées durant cette thèse. Après un descriptif des outils d'analyse et de conception de guides d'onde et de micro résonateurs en anneaux, le manuscrit présente l'intégration hybride d'un laser Fabry-Perot en semiconducteur III-V avec un résonateur en anneau basé sur du matériau SOI. Le laser Fabry-Perot à faible coût fonctionnant en multimode longitudinal a été utilisé comme peigne de référence pour le résonateur en anneau en contact avec un échantillon liquide. L'effet Vernier a été implanté dans le système de détection en utilisant le mode d'interrogation en intensité. La largeur spectrale étroite du laser avec sa densité de puissance élevée ont permis d'obtenir un capteur de plus haute sensitivité en comparaison avec le capteur en double anneaux réalisé précédemment. Une étude numérique d'un capteur composé d'un laser Fabry-Perot et deux résonateurs en anneaux permettant de compenser la fluctuation de température a été ensuite présentée. Concernant l'intégration monolithique, l'interface entre oxyde et non-oxyde après l'oxydation de AlGaAs a été étudiée au Central de Technologies du LPN/CNRS. Un phénomène d'oxydation verticale de GaAs ou AlGaAs avec une faible teneur en aluminium activée par une couche voisine oxydée de AlGaAs avec une forte teneur en aluminium a été identifié expérimentalement. Afin de limiter l'oxydation verticale et de réduire la rugosité des interfaces, des guides d'onde basés respectivement sur une structure intégrant un super-réseau et sur une structure standard ont été fabriqués et caractérisés. L'impact de l'hydrogène sur l'activation du processus d'oxydation de GaAs ou AlGaAs avec une faible teneur en Al a été mis en évidence. Enfin, ce manuscrit décrit la réalisation et la caractérisation d'un laser Fabry-Perot fonctionnant en mode TM. Ce laser constitue une brique important vers l'intégration monolithique d'un capteur extrêmement sensible.
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Dallel, Mohamed. "Evaluation du potentiel textile des fibres d'Alfa (Stipa Tenacissima L.) : caractérisation physico-chimique de la fibre au fil." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844129.
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Compte tenu des propriétés spécifiques de l'Alfa, de son haut potentiel fibreux, des conditions de sa production et de sa transformation très écologiques, nous nous sommes proposés de mener une étude ayant pour objectif l'extraction des fibres cellulosiques à partir de la plante en vue d'applications textiles. L'extraction est conduite suivant différentes voies : mécanique, classique à la soude et enzymatique. A la lumière des différentes caractéristiques de ces fibres issues des différents procédés d'extraction, nous avons établi des corrélations entre la structure et les propriétés des fibres cellulosiques obtenues. Les fibres 1, 2 et 3 issues de différentes extractions ont fait l'objet d'une étude comparative dans le but d'évaluer au mieux, d'une part, leurs caractéristiques physico-chimiques (finesse et longueur, densité, MEB, FTIR-ATR, diffraction aux rayons X, comportement au mouillage et énergie de surface, taux de reprise, cinétique d'absorption-désorption...) et leurs propriétés mécaniques, d'autre part. L'efficacité de chaque traitement a été approuvée par l'élimination progressive des composants non cellulosiques et l'obtention de fibres longues prêtes à être intégrées dans le processus de transformation textile. Dans un second temps, nous avons produit des fils par le procédé conventionnel anneau- curseur afin d'obtenir une structure organisée et homogène. Ainsi, le potentiel textile des fibres d'Alfa a été confirmé. Afin de valoriser les fibres très courtes, nous les avons mises en solution dans un solvant écologique : le NMMO. La solution concentrée est extrudée à travers une filière selon le procédé de filage humide appliqué aux fibres Lyocell. Finalement, une comparaison entre les fibres extraites des tiges d'Alfa, les filaments obtenus par coagulation et les autres fibres naturelles couramment utilisées dans l'industrie textile, a été effectuée tout au long de cette étude pour permettre de bien situer les fibres d'Alfa dans le paysage général des fibres textiles.
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Chanteloup, Pierre. "Patrons d'organisation des traits aériens et racinaires en prairies humides : liens avec la production primaire (quantité et qualité)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861449.
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Les prairies semi-naturelles constituent des espaces multifonctionnels susceptibles de rendre de nombreux services à la société. Ce sont en particulier des agro-écosystèmes favorables à l'expression d'une grande diversité floristique et faunistique permettant de concilier enjeux écologiques et agronomiques. Ce travail de thèse vise à analyser (i) l'influence des facteurs environnementaux sur l'assemblage des communautés in situ et (ii) les relations entre la structure fonctionnelle des assemblages (i.e. valeurs de traits agrégées et diversité fonctionnelle) et leurs performances (i.e. production de biomasse et digestibilité de cette biomasse). Cette étude s'appuie sur des approches expérimentales et de terrain dans les prairies humides pâturées du Marais Poitevin. Nos résultats montrent des réponses très différentes des traits aériens et racinaires étudiés aux gradients de stress et de perturbation rencontrés dans ces prairies. Ils ont également permis de mettre en évidence l'influence prépondérante des valeurs de traits agrégées sur la fourniture de services écosystémiques (i.e. productivité et digestibilité du fourrage), en accord avec la "Biomass ratio hypothesis" énoncée par Grime. L'influence du niveau de diversité fonctionnelle sur les services rendus par les assemblages varie selon le service considéré. Contrairement aux résultats attendus selon la "Diversity hypothesis" énoncée par Tilman, le niveau de diversité fonctionnelle est lié négativement à la productivité des assemblages. En revanche, un effet positif de la diversité fonctionnelle sur la digestibilité a été mis en évidence. Cette étude a par ailleurs permis de montrer un compromis entre la productivité des assemblages et la digestibilité de la biomasse produite dans ces prairies humides. Ce travail suggère que des outils de diagnostics de la valeur fourragère du couvert peuvent être construits sur la base de la structure fonctionnelle des assemblages, et ce avec un haut niveau de fiabilité. Il met également en avant les bénéfices agronomiques associés à l'hétérogénéité des couverts végétaux rencontrés dans ces prairies.
Books on the topic "Wetu telu"
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Budiwanti, Erni. Islam Sasak: Wetu Telu versus Waktu Lima. Yogyakarta: Diterbitkan oleh LKiS Yogyakarta bekerjasama dengan Yayasan Adikarya IKAPI dan Ford Foundation, 2000.
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Mahsun. Transformasi kultural keagamaan masyarakat: Dari wetu telu ke Islam santri. [Mataram]: Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mataram, 2000.
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Zuhdi, Muhammad Harfin. Parokialitas adat terhadap pola keberagaman komunitas Islam Wetu Telu di Bayan, Lombok. Ciputat, Jakarta: Lembaga Penelitian UIN Jakarta, 2009.
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Zuhdi, Muhammad Harfin. Parokialitas adat terhadap pola keberagaman komunitas Islam Wetu Telu di Bayan, Lombok. Ciputat, Jakarta: Lembaga Penelitian UIN Jakarta, 2009.
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Avonius, Leena. Reforming Wetu Telu: Islam, adat, and the promises of regionalism in post-New Order Lombok. Helsinki: Yliopistopaino, 2004.
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Willis, Shirley. Tell Me Why Rain is Wet. Danbury, CT: Grolier Publishing, 1999.
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Willis, Shirley. Shui di de lü xing = Tell me why rain is wet. Taibei Shi: Ai ge meng quan mei gu fen you xian gong si, 2002.
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Cederroth, Sven. A Sacred Cloth Religion?: Ceremonies of the Big Feast Among Wetu Telu Sasak (Lombok, Indonesia) (NIAS Reports). Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 1992.
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Cederroth, Sven. A Sacred Cloth Religion?: Ceremonies of the Big Feast Among Wetu Telu Sasak (Lombok, Indonesia) (NIAS Reports). Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 1995.
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Willis, Shirley. Tell Me Why Rain Is Wet (Whiz Kids). Franklin Watts, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Wetu telu"
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Cederroth, Sven. "Gods and Spirits in the Wetu Telu Religion of Lombok." In Animism in Southeast Asia, 236–56. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315660288-12.
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Parini, Jay. "Endings." In The Art of Teaching. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195169690.003.0008.
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It’s spring in the academic village, with blossoming fruit trees all over campus, the ground smelling of fresh mud, and once again my thoughts turn to summer. I think of those long, delicious months when, without the telephone ringing and student papers sitting on my desk ungraded, without faculty meetings and office hours, without classes to prepare, I’m free again to work exclusively on my own writing. My e-mails will dwindle to communications with a few good friends. Some mornings, I might even sleep in. But spring also brings with it a small feeling of dread. “April is the crudest month,” wrote T. S. Eliot—a memorable line. I think of it again as lawn mowers drone outside the open windows of my classroom, a sweet wind blows papers off my desk, and I begin to anticipate the end of another school year, with the many losses that inevitably attend that moment, marked so vividly by the graduation ceremony, when half a dozen kids I had really come to like, even love, wave to me from the platform as they proceed into their adult life, diplomas in hand. I’m aware that one or two from each class will remain friends forever, but I know as well that there will be many— the majority of those whom I genuinely considered friends—who won’t. It’s not their fault, I tell myself. They will get busy. Soon spouses and children will lay claim to their attention. I’m just a passing figure in their lives; they know this, and I know it. It’s not as bad as it sounds, given the demands I feel myself toward spouse and family, toward a circle of friends that has widened decade by decade. There is only so much attention to go around. I begin to feel this little dread coming on in late March, when the spring snows in Vermont begin to thaw. Huge piles of the stuff grow wet at the edges, melting slowly, so that by the middle of April there are puddles everywhere, and I have for the first time to wear my waders to school.
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Blum, Bruce I. "Activity, Reflection, Context." In Beyond Programming. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195091601.003.0012.
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we are almost halfway through the book and this part on design ecology, and I have yet to talk about design, no less software engineering. Is this some kind of shaggy dog story? The kind in which the hero climbs mountains in search of the meaning of life only to have the wise man tell him it is, “The wet bird flies at night.” I hope not. Here is the basic thesis of the book. Computers offer unprecedented power in creating new tools (equipment), but to achieve their potential we must reconstruct how they are used (i.e., shift the paradigm). The first half of the book concerns the foundations upon which we may reconstruct a new software engineering. In the middle of this century, of course, there would be no question as to what that foundation should be: science. But, as I have been trying to show, science and our institutions are in a period of fundamental change. For example, consider what Prigogine, winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize for chemistry, has to say. . . . The classical ... view of science was to regard the world as an “object,” to try to describe the physical world as if it were being seen from the outside as an object of analysis to which we do not belong... The deterministic laws of physics, which were at one point the only acceptable laws, today seem like gross simplifications, nearly a caricature of evolution. . . . Even in physics, as in sociology, only various possible “scenarios” can be predicted. But it is for this very reason that we are participating in a fascinating adventure in which, in the words of Niels Bohr, we are “both spectators and actors.” (1980, pp. xv, xvii) . . . Thus, in only four decades we have moved from physicalism, which sought to impose a physics model on psychology, to a questioning of the very nature of physics itself. As Holland, a physicist, describes our present situation, “we are in a period of transition between two great world views—the universal machine of the classicists and the new holistic universe whose details we are only beginning to glimpse.
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Shroff, Gautam. "Look." In The Intelligent Web. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199646715.003.0006.
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In ‘A Scandal in Bohemia’ the legendary fictional detective Sherlock Holmes deduces that his companion Watson had got very wet lately, as well as that he had ‘a most clumsy and careless servant girl’. When Watson, in amazement, asks how Holmes knows this, Holmes answers: . . . ‘It is simplicity itself . . . My eyes tell me that on the inside of your left shoe, just where the firelight strikes it, the leather is scored by six almost parallel cuts. Obviously they have been caused by someonewho has very carelessly scraped round the edges of the sole in order to remove crusted mud from it. Hence, you see, my double deduction that you had been out in vile weather, and that you had a particularly malignant boot-slitting specimen of the London slavery.’ Most of us do not share the inductive prowess of the legendary detective. Nevertheless, we all continuously look at the the world around us and, in our small way, draw inferences so as to make sense of what is going on. Even the simplest of observations, such as whether Watson’s shoe is in fact dirty, requires us to first look at his shoe. Our skill and intent drive what we look at, and look for. Those of us that may share some of Holmes’s skill look for far greater detail than the rest of us. Further, more information is better: ‘Data! Data! Data! I can’t make bricks without clay’, says Holmes in another episode. No inference is possible in the absence of input data, and, more importantly, the right data for the task at hand. How does Holmes connect the observation of ‘leather . . . scored by six almost parallel cuts’ to the cause of ‘someone . . . very carelessly scraped round the edges of the sole in order to remove crusted mud from it’? Perhaps, somewhere deep in the Holmesian brain lies a memory of a similar boot having been so damaged by another ‘specimen of the London slavery’?Or, more likely,many different ‘facts’, such as the potential causes of damage to boots, including clumsy scraping; that scraping is often prompted by boots having been dirtied by mud; that cleaning boots is usually the job of a servant; as well as the knowledge that bad weather results in mud.
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"The lake trapping was continued twice monthly from February 1991, two years after the first filling of the stage 2A reservoir, until June 1993. The trapping locality at Toonpan was essentially the same as for the 1984–85 studies except that for Big Bay was moved a few hundred metres up the incline. Because the expansion from stage 1 to 2A involved extensive clearing of marginal scrub, grassland and forest, almost total control of five mosquito species utilizing tree holes and plant axils (Aedes alboscutellaris, Aedes mallochi, Aedes purpureus, Aedes quasirubithorax) or shaded pools (Uranotaenia nivipes) occurred. The transformation of temporary wetland with ti-trees (Melaleuca spp.), lilies (Nymphoides indica, Nymphaea gigantea) and submerged plants into an unvegetated muddy foreshore similarly reduced Mansonia spp. and Coquillettidia crassipes, whose larvae depend on attachment to arenchymatous or lacunate macrophytes. Larvae of these genera have pointed reinforced tips to their siphons which are used to pierce these plants to breathe. Because of the devastating nature of the inundation and the time required for new breeding habitat to re-establish, mosquito populations increased through to the end of 1993 but the mean abundance of adult Culex annulirostris had not changed significantly from stage 1 levels. The trend for this species and for Anopheles annulipes was upward, and one can only speculate on population levels when the marginal vegetation has fully established. Due to the extensive loss of marginal vegetation and the creation of expanses of shallow muddy pools, especially towards Toonpan, Anopheles amictus and Aedes normanensis populations increased by 36-fold and 282-fold, respectively (Figure 9.2). The ramifications of this are interesting as Aedes normanensis is well recognized as a vector of Ross River virus and Murray Valley encephalitis, especially inland where Anopheles amictus (probably another species complex) has been the source of Ross River, Barmah Forest and Edge Hill viruses. Control of mosquitoes is usually directed at removal of breeding habitat (source reduction) or aimed at larvae which often aggregate in large numbers in discrete sites. Aedes normanensis is ephemeral and its desiccation-resistant eggs characteristically hatch in response to wet season rainfall filling up temporary pools. Plague numbers appear one month and may be gone the next. More accurate definition of these breeding sites, particularly at Toonpan, Antill Creek and Ross River, is required before control options can be considered. As already mentioned, the clearing process created vast expanses of bare muddy pools, particularly at the north-eastern end (e.g. Toonpan). As the lake gradually receded during the dry season, ideal breeding sites were created and populations increased through spring (from September) and also in the late wet season (March to April) when dry sites were refilled by rainfall. Thus, although the land clearing had benefits in eliminating tropical itch mites and some minor mosquito species, it probably paved the way for population growth of Aedes normanensis and Anopheles amictus. This could possibly be considered a dubious swap, although time will tell. Little is known of their biology and their flight range, the latter being of obvious importance to recreational activity at the other end of the lake. Fortunately, however, they are mainly active at night." In Water Resources, 144–45. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-32.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Wetu telu"
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Sampebulu, Victor, and Pratiwi Mushar. "Analisis Pengaruh Metode Perawatan Beton (Dry And Wet Curing) terhadap Kuat Tekan dan Kuat Lentur Beton Dengan Perkuatan Serat Baja (kawat bendrat)." In Temu Ilmiah Ikatan Peneliti Lingkungan Binaan Indonesia 6. Ikatan Peneliti Lingkungan Binaan Indonesia, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32315/ti.6.h087.
Full textReports on the topic "Wetu telu"
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Rosato-Scott, Claire, Dani J. Barrington, Amita Bhakta, Sarah J. House, Islay Mactaggart, and Jane Wilbur. Incontinence: We Need to Talk About Leaks. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2020.005.
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Anyone, of any gender, at any age, can leak urine or faeces. What would you do if it happened to you? Imagine if you’d woken up this morning and you’d wet the bed. What would you do? Have a wash, put on clean clothes, change the bedding and put it in a washing machine? You may go to the shop and buy an incontinence pad. And perhaps if you knew that there was help available for leaking urine you’d make an appointment to see a doctor next week and then just carry on with the rest of your day, dignity intact. Now imagine if you’d woken up this morning and you’d wet the bed. But to have a wash, or clean your clothes and bedding, you’d have to walk for an hour to collect water. Imagine you are frightened to walk there alone, the path is steep and you struggle to use the hand pump. Even if you did get water, you don’t have enough soap so the smells would linger anyway. And after all that effort, you have nothing to wear to soak up urine if it happens again. What if you didn’t know that leaking urine was common, and you spent the rest of the day worried about your health and too embarrassed to go to work in case people could tell? What if you were worried that your partner would hit you again for making a mess so you had very little to drink all day for fear of it happening again? What can you do to support people living with incontinence? To start, we need to talk about leaks.
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Rosato-Scott, Claire, Dani J. Barrington, Amita Bhakta, Sarah J. House, Islay Mactaggart, and Jane Wilbur. Incontinence: We Need to Talk About Leaks. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2020.011.
Full textAbstract:
Anyone, of any gender, at any age, can leak urine or faeces. What would you do if it happened to you? Imagine if you’d woken up this morning and you’d wet the bed. What would you do? Have a wash, put on clean clothes, change the bedding and put it in a washing machine? You may go to the shop and buy an incontinence pad. And perhaps if you knew that there was help available for leaking urine you’d make an appointment to see a doctor next week and then just carry on with the rest of your day, dignity intact. Now imagine if you’d woken up this morning and you’d wet the bed. But to have a wash, or clean your clothes and bedding, you’d have to walk for an hour to collect water. Imagine you are frightened to walk there alone, the path is steep and you struggle to use the hand pump. Even if you did get water, you don’t have enough soap so the smells would linger anyway. And after all that effort, you have nothing to wear to soak up urine if it happens again. What if you didn’t know that leaking urine was common, and you spent the rest of the day worried about your health and too embarrassed to go to work in case people could tell? What if you were worried that your partner would hit you again for making a mess so you had very little to drink all day for fear of it happening again? What can you do to support people living with incontinence? To start, we need to talk about leaks.