Journal articles: 'Wetlands Victoria Kanyapella Basin'

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Mwanja, Wilson Waiswa, Anne Akol, Laila Abubaker, Matthew Mwanja, Scot Batman Msuku, and Fred Bugenyi. "Status and impact of rural aquaculture practice on Lake Victoria basin wetlands." African Journal of Ecology 45, no. 2 (October 26, 2006): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00691.x.

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Henry, Leonia, and Elijah Omutange. "Fractionation of Trace Metals between Catchment Soils and Associated Wetland Sediments of Selected Wetlands of Lake Victoria, East Africa." Journal of Wetlands Ecology 3 (February 11, 2010): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jowe.v3i0.2222.

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The aim of this work was to study the trace metals transfer between soil aquifers and the immediate sediments of the selected wetlands of Lake Victoria. The study covered five trace metals Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Mn as these are associated with vehicular traffic and with the combustion of fossil fuels which could both be significant sources of pollution within the wetlands of Lake Victoria basin. Three types of trace metal analyses from various locations of Katonga, Simiyu and Nyando catchments of Lake Victoria were performed: total concentrations, the concentrations in the non-residual fraction and the concentration in the exchangeable fraction. The soil characteristics: texture, pH and organic matter contents, were studied in relation to Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) to assess the rate of movement of the metals between the soil and the wetland sediments. Eventually, the potential retention and leaching capacity of trace metals within the catchment soils and its possible impact on the composition of the receiving sediments of the wetlands were studied. The comparison between Nyando and Simiyu wetlands showed high variations in the soil characteristics and hence in leaching capacity of the studied metals. In general most areas in Nyando wetland required some measures to improve the CEC of the soil for higher agricultural productivity. Key Words: Trace metals; fractionation; CEC; leaching capacity; soil properties DOI: 10.3126/jowe.v3i0.2222 Journal of Wetlands Ecology, (2009) Vol. 3, pp 68-76

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Kassenga, G. R. "A descriptive assessment of the wetlands of the Lake Victoria basin in Tanzania." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 20, no. 2 (June 1997): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-3449(97)00014-1.

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Mayo, Aloyce W., Marwa Muraza, and Joel Norbert. "Modelling nitrogen transformation and removal in mara river basin wetlands upstream of lake Victoria." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 105 (June 2018): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.03.005.

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Mule, Shadrack, Charles Nguta, Geoffrey Kamau, Gilbert Ongera, Phanice Wangila, Joyce Kiplimo, and Dennis Chirchir. "Retention efficiencies of halogenated and non-halogenated hydrocarbons in selected wetland ecosystem in Lake Victoria Basin." International Journal of Environment 4, no. 2 (June 3, 2015): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12623.

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The determination of retention efficiencies of halogenated and non-halogenated hydrocarbon in selected wetland ecosystems in Lake Victoria basin was carried out. Qualitative and quantitative determination of the presence of residual hydrocarbons in Kigwal/Kimondi, Nyando and Nzoia wetland ecosystems using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) instrument indicated the presence of residual organochlorines, organophosphorus, carbamates and synthetic pyrethroid hydrocarbons in water, sediment and plant materials. In order to compare the retention efficiencies of the wetlands, the wetland ecosystems were divided into three different sections, namely: inlet, mid and outlet. Calculations of mass balances of residual halogenated and non-halogenated hydrocarbons at the respective sections was done taking into account the partition of the studied compounds in samples of water, sediments and papyrus reed plant materials and analyzed using validated Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) method. From the analysis, several residual hydrocarbons namely: bendiocarb, benzene hexachloride (BHC), carbaryl, cypermethrin, decis, deltamethrin, diazinon, dieldrin, DDT, DDD, DDE, malathion, propoxur, sumithion, 5-phenylrhodanine, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, 1-(2-phenoxybenzyl)hydrazine were detected and quantified. The levels of the selected residual hydrocarbons in water samples were used to calculate the retention efficiencies of a specific hydrocarbon and the values recorded. Generally, River Nyando wetland recorded mean percentage retention efficiencies of 76 and 94% for dry and rainy seasons respectively; Kigwal/Kimondi wetland had seasonal mean percentage retention efficiencies of 63 to 78%. River Nzoia also had calculated seasonal mean percentage retention efficiencies of between 56 to 88%. Dry season had lower mean percentages retention efficiencies as compared to rainy season in the three wetlands of interest during the period of study. The study observed that retention efficiencies of tropical wetland ecosystems is greatly affected by its concentration within the wetland tank systems, anthropogenic activities, physical properties of the hydrocarbon, and environmental conditions among others. There are several anthropogenic activities which contributed to the presence of hydrocarbons in the wetlands and they included: agricultural, municipal, industrial and public health activities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12623 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 38-52

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Agol, Dorice, Hannah Reid, Florence Crick, and Hausner Wendo. "Ecosystem-based adaptation in Lake Victoria Basin; synergies and trade-offs." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 6 (June 2021): 201847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201847.

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Healthy ecosystems such as forests and wetlands have a great potential to support adaptation to climate change and are the foundation of sustainable livelihoods. Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) can help to protect and maintain healthy ecosystems providing resilience against the impacts of climate change. This paper explores the role of EbA in reconciling socio-economic development with the conservation and restoration of nature in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya, East Africa. Using selected ecosystems in the Lake region, the paper identifies key EbA approaches and explores trade-offs and synergies at spatial and temporal scales and between different stakeholders. The research methods used for this study include site visits, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, participatory workshops and literature reviews. An analytical framework is applied to advance the understanding of EbA approaches and how they lead to synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem services provision at spatial and temporal scales and multiple stakeholders. Our results show that EbA approaches such as ecosystem restoration have the potential to generate multiple adaptation benefits as well as synergies and trade-offs occurring at different temporal and spatial scales and affecting various stakeholder groups. Our paper underscores the need to identify EbA trade-offs and synergies and to explore the ways in which they are distributed in space and time and between different stakeholders to design better environmental and development programmes.

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Romanescu, Gheorghe, Madalina Pascal, Alin Mihu Pintilie, Cristian Constantin Stoleriu, Ion Sandu, and Madalina Moisii. "Water Quality Analysis in Wetlands Freshwater: Common Floodplain of Jijia-Prut Rivers." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 3 (April 15, 2017): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.3.5500.

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Water resources in the Jijia catchment basin are limited and often polluted. The catchment basin of Jijia is situated in northeastern Romania and it crosses the Moldavian Plain on the north-west-south-east direction. The purpose of the present study is to analyze 26 physico-chemical parameters providing the annual and multiannual water quality index. Two water-sampling points were selected: Jijia-Victoria [S.1] and Jijia-Opriseni [S.2]. The high values of nitrates are caused by the use of nitrogen-based chemical fertilizers and of manure. Contamination with nitrites (N-NO2-) and nitrates (N-NO3-) of wetlands and deepwater habitats in the floodplain of Jijia is still high because of agricultural and zootechnical activities. The phosphorus within freshwater habitats is a consequence of anthropogenic pressure: improper storage of animal waste and/or use of phosphates-based fertilizers. Global water quality index (WQi) shows that both monitoring stations are included in the Medium high class.

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Mwakubo, Samuel M., and Gideon A. Obare. "Vulnerability, livelihood assets and institutional dynamics in the management of wetlands in Lake Victoria watershed basin." Wetlands Ecology and Management 17, no. 6 (March 31, 2009): 613–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-009-9138-6.

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Mugisha, P., F. Kansiime, P. Mucunguzi, and E. Kateyo. "Wetland vegetation and nutrient retention in Nakivubo and Kirinya wetlands in the Lake Victoria basin of Uganda." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 32, no. 15-18 (January 2007): 1359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2007.07.040.

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Kiggundu, Nicholas, Listowel Abugri Anaba, Noble Banadda, Joshua Wanyama, and Isa Kabenge. "Assessing Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Murchison Bay Catchment of Lake Victoria Basin in Uganda." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n1p44.

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The Murchison Bay catchment in the northern shoreline of Lake Victoria basin is a high valued ecosystem because of the numerous human-related activities it supports in Uganda. The catchment has undergone tremendous human-induced land use/cover changes, which have not been quantified. This study aimed at quantifying the land use/cover changes as well as the rate at which these changes occurred over the last three decades in the catchment. This was achieved using remote sensing techniques and Geographic Information System (GIS) to analyse and contextualize the changes. To that effect, images of Landsat satellites MSS, TM, ETM+ and OLI were interpreted using supervised image classification technique to determine the land use/land cover changes from 1984 to 2015. The obtained results indicated that the catchment has undergone huge land use and land cover transformations over the last three decades attributable to rapid population growth and urbanization. The prevailing changes in footprint between 1984 and 2015 were expansions of built–up land (20.58% to 49.59%) and open water bodies (not detected in 1984 to 1.74%), and decreases in the following sectors: agricultural lands (from 43.88% to 26.10%), forestland (from 23.78% to 17.49%), and wetlands (from 11.76% to 5.08%). The changes pose a threat to the environment and water quality of the Murchison Bay and consequently increases National Water and Sewerage Corporation water treatment costs. Therefore, there is the need to take critical and practical measures to regulate and police land use, water use rights and conserve the environment especially wetlands.

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Mamboleo, Martin, and Aggrey Adem. "Estimating willingness to pay for the conservation of wetland ecosystems, Lake Victoria as a case study." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 423 (2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2022020.

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Wetlands are critical habitats for human health, well-being, ecological integrity, and national development. Freshwater ecosystems supply a variety of products and services, yet they are frequently underappreciated. Long-term economic viability necessitates an understanding of the role that finite natural resources play in economic activity and production, as well as the connection people have with, and the value they place on, those natural resources. The purpose of this study was to determine peoples' Willingness to Pay (WTP) for the maintenance of the Lake Victoria Ecosystem. The research was conducted in the Kenyan counties of Migori, Siaya, Busia, Kisumu, and Homa Bay. Using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), the gathered data were coded, cleaned, and analyzed. According to the findings, 40.9% of locals were prepared to spend roughly KES 500 for the conservation initiative. From the study, Lake Victoria ecosystem in Kenya had a total WTP of KES 616,279,069 each year. According to the findings, those who benefitted directly from the lake's resources were more inclined to pay for the program. This empirical research is a helpful input for identifying market segments among inhabitants, which may aid in generating more cash for biodiversity conservation in the Lake Victoria Basin.

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Stewart, G., and B. Harper. "Barmah-Millewa forest environmental water allocation." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0398.

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The formal allocation of water for the environment is a developing area of river management both scientifically and in terms of community participation. This case study, illustrating the recent use of the Barmah-Millewa Forest Environmental Water Allocation (EWA), provides a practical demonstration of community participation in environmental water management, the application of hydrological and biological “triggers” and a positive, demonstrable biological outcome from an environmental water allocation. The Barmah-Millewa Forest covers an area of 70,000 ha across the floodplain of the Murray River, upstream of the town of Echuca. About half the forest is in NSW (Millewa) and half is in Victoria (Barmah). The Barmah Forest is a Wetland of International Importance listed under the Convention on Wetlands - Ramsar Convention. The forest is the largest river redgum forest in the world. The natural flooding cycle associated with the forest has been significantly altered by regulation of the Murray River - impacting upon the overall health of the forest ecosystem. Recognising this, the Murray Darling Basin Commission developed a water management strategy for the forest to enhance forest, fish and wildlife values. To implement this strategy, between 1990 and 1993 reports were completed and community consultation took place. In 1993 the Murray Darling Basin Ministerial Council approved allocation of 100 Gigalitres of water per year, provided in equal shares by NSW and Victoria, to meet the needs of the forest ecosystem and in 1994 the Barmah-Millewa Forum was established under the Murray-Darling Basin Agreement. The vision for the Forum is to maintain and, where possible, improve the ecological and productive sustainability of the Barmah-Millewa Forest and to establish a planning and operational framework to better meet the flooding and drying requirements of the riparian forests and wetlands. Between October 2000 and January 2001 the Barmah-Millewa Forest Environmental Water Allocation was used for the second time. A total of 341 GL was released as an EWA. This amount represented only 8% of the total flows downstream of Yarrawonga Weir from September 2000 and January 2001. The strategic use of the relatively small amount of water enabled flooding to be maintained and ensured significant breeding success for water birds and other biota in the Forest.

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Nyangababo, J. T., L. Henry, and E. Omutange. "Heavy Metal Contamination in Plants, Sediments, and Air Precipitation of Katonga, Simiyu, and Nyando Wetlands of Lake Victoria Basin, East Africa." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 75, no. 1 (July 2005): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-005-0737-5.

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Osumba, J. J. L., J. B. Okeyo-Owuor, and P. O. Raburu. "Effect of harvesting on temporal papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) biomass regeneration potential among swamps in Winam Gulf wetlands of Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya." Wetlands Ecology and Management 18, no. 3 (March 6, 2010): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-010-9174-2.

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Lusasi, Justin. "Cyperus papyrus in Lake Victoria: Genetic Information, Utilisation and Resource Sustainability." JOURNAL OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION OF TANZANIA 36, no. 2 (July 10, 2021): 73–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/jgat.v36i2.152.

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Many wetlands in the Lake Victoria basin are dominated by Cyperus papyrus, which are very productive and, therefore, have an important role both ecologically and socially. The increasing harvesting pressure of papyrus threatens its future. Thus, a conservation approach was employed to determine the intensity of the pressure and threat to the papyrus diversity at clonal level. Eight microsatellite loci were used for analysing the clonal diversity and genetic diversity of Cyperus papyrus in 6 swamps of Mwanza bay (Tanzania) and 5 swamps of Nyanza bay (Kenya). From 304 individuals, we observed a total of 49 alleles in Mwanza bay and 44 alleles in Nyanza bay, a high clonal diversity (R = 0.64 to 1 Mwanza bay and R=0.70 to 1 in Nyanza bay), and a high genetic diversity (HE) with an average of 0.558 and 0.493 for Mwanza and Nyanza bay, respectively. The analysis of molecular variance showed that most of the allelic variances were within individuals. This resulted in a moderate differentiation (FST, 0.126 and Nm, 1.7) from all studied population in Lake Victoria. Gene flow was high between populations within each bay of the Lake (Nm > 4). The observed disturbance in the swamps showed no effects on any of the papyrus diversity variables. The clonal diversity (R) was even higher in the disturbed swamps than in pristine ones, with values ranging from 0.78 to 1 for disturbed, and 0.64 to 1 for pristine swamps. This explains that, although it is a clonal plant, papyrus maintains sexual reproduction and successful seed dispersal, making them resilient to even strong environmental and anthropogenic disturbance.

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Mugo, Robinson, Rose Waswa, James W. Nyaga, Antony Ndubi, Emily C. Adams, and Africa I. Flores-Anderson. "Quantifying Land Use Land Cover Changes in the Lake Victoria Basin Using Satellite Remote Sensing: The Trends and Drivers between 1985 and 2014." Remote Sensing 12, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 2829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12172829.

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The Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) is a significant resource for five states within East Africa, which faces major land use land cover changes that threaten ecosystem integrity and ecosystem services derived from the basin’s resources. To assess land use land cover changes between 1985 and 2014, and subsequently determine the trends and drivers of these changes, we used a series of Landsat images and field data obtained from the LVB. Landsat image pre-processing and band combinations were done in ENVI 5.1. A supervised classification was applied on 118 Landsat scenes using the maximum likelihood classifier in ENVI 5.1. The overall accuracy of classified images was computed for the 2014 images using 124 reference data points collected through stratified random sampling. Computations of area under various land cover classes were calculated between the 1985 and 2014 images. We also correlated the area from natural vegetation classes to farmlands and settlements (urban areas) to explore relationships between land use land cover conversions among these classes. Based on our land cover classifications, we obtained overall accuracy of 71% and a moderate Kappa statistic of 0.56. Our results indicate that the LVB has undergone drastic changes in land use land cover, mainly driven by human activities that led to the conversion of forests, woodlands, grasslands, and wetlands to either farmlands or settlements. We conclude that information from this work is useful not only for basin-scale assessments and monitoring of land cover changes but also for targeting, prioritizing, and monitoring of small scale, community led efforts to restore degraded and fragmented areas in the basin. Such efforts could mitigate the loss of ecosystem services previously derived from large contiguous land covers which are no longer tenable to restore. We recommend adoption of a basin scale, operational, Earth observation-based, land use change monitoring framework. Such a framework can facilitate rapid and frequent assessments of gains and losses in specific land cover classes and thus focus strategic interventions in areas experiencing major losses, through mitigation and compensatory approaches.

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Nicodemus Osoro, Odhiambo, Paul Obade, and Gathuru Gathuru. "Anthropogenic Impacts on Land Use and Land Cover Change in Ombeyi wetland, Kisumu County, Kenya." International Journal of Regional Development 6, no. 1 (August 18, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijrd.v6i1.15292.

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Land use and land cover change as a result of human-induced transitions is a major environmental challenge in Lake Victoria Basin. The study adopted a mixed-method consisting of remote sensing and GIS-based analysis, key informant interviews, and household survey consisting of 384 households to asses Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics and associated human-induced transformations in Ombeyi wetland. The study aimed at generating a characterized area estimate of Ombeyi wetlands land use and land cover change schema for the study period (1990-2017), and examining the spatial and temporal characteristics of anthropogenic impacts and their relationship with land use and land cover change in Ombeyi wetland. The gis-based analysis revealed that built-up area/settlements and agricultural lands extensively increased in area at the expense of wetland vegetation. Key informants attributed the changes to population increase (29.2%) and an associated demand for land and natural resources as the major driving forces for the changes. Analysis of household-survey results validated the observed patterns during the remotely sensed data analysis phase of the research, as 90.1% (n=384) of the respondents reported to own land within the wetland through inheritance. 92.2% of the respondents are farmers practicing farming in the wetland with 72.4% of the same respondents attaining primary level education and below. Poverty and education levels were significant factors in influencing unsustainable land use and land cover changes observed in this study. The present state of land cover and its dynamics have had negative impacts on the riparian rural livelihoods and natural resource management.

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Hickman, Jonathan E., Niels Andela, Enrico Dammers, Lieven Clarisse, Pierre-François Coheur, Martin Van Damme, Courtney A. Di Vittorio, et al. "Changes in biomass burning, wetland extent, or agriculture drive atmospheric NH<sub>3</sub> trends in select African regions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 21 (November 16, 2021): 16277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16277-2021.

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Abstract. Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is a precursor to fine particulate matter and a source of nitrogen (N) deposition that can adversely affect ecosystem health. The main sources of NH3 – agriculture and biomass burning – are undergoing are or expected to undergo substantial changes in Africa. Although evidence of increasing NH3 over parts of Africa has been observed, the mechanisms behind these trends are not well understood. Here we use observations of atmospheric NH3 vertical column densities (VCDs) from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) along with other satellite observations of the land surface and atmosphere to evaluate how NH3 concentrations have changed over Africa from 2008 through 2018, and what has caused those changes. In West Africa NH3 VCDs are observed to increase during the late dry season, with increases of over 6 % yr−1 in Nigeria during February and March (p<0.01). These positive trends are associated with increasing burned area and CO trends during these months, likely related to agricultural preparation. Increases are also observed in the Lake Victoria basin region, where they are associated with expanding agricultural area. In contrast, NH3 VCDs declined over the Sudd wetlands in South Sudan by over 1.5 % yr−1, though not significantly (p=0.28). Annual maxima in NH3 VCDs in South Sudan occur during February through May and are associated with the drying of temporarily flooded wetland soils, which favor emissions of NH3. The change in mean NH3 VCDs over the Sudd is strongly correlated with variation in wetland extent in the Sudd: in years when more area remained flooded during the dry season, NH3 VCDs were lower (r=0.64, p<0.05). Relationships between biomass burning and NH3 may be observed when evaluating national-scale statistics: countries with the highest rates of increasing NH3 VCDs also had high rates of growth in CO VCDs; burned area displayed a similar pattern, though not significantly. Livestock numbers were also higher in countries with intermediate or high rates of NH3 VCD growth. Fertilizer use in Africa is currently low but growing; implementing practices that can limit NH3 losses from fertilizer as agriculture is intensified may help mitigate impacts on health and ecosystems.

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Beeton, Alfred M. "Large freshwater lakes: present state, trends, and future." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 1 (March 2002): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000036.

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The large freshwater lakes of the world are an extremely valuable resource, not only because 68% of the global liquid surface fresh water is contained in them, but because of their importance to the economies, social structure, and viability of the riparian countries. This review provides decision makers with the knowledge of large lakes (≥ 500 km2) essential to establishing policies and implementing strategies compatible with sustainable development. This is achieved by considering the present state of the lakes, the extent of changes and factors causing them, long-term consequences of these changes, major threats and possible states of the lakes into the year 2025. Case studies of lakes are presented, namely the St Lawrence Great Lakes of North America as representatives of glacial scour lakes of North America, northern Europe and Asia, and the African Great Lakes as representatives of tropical tectonic lakes. Lake Baikal is also included because it is unique for its species, great age, and largest single volume of liquid surface fresh water. The Aral Sea is further included because of the ecological disaster following diversion of water away from its basin. The major impacts on large lakes are diversions, eutrophication, invasive species, land-use change, overexploitation of resources, and pollution. These impacts can or do affect all the representative lakes, but to varying degree. The St Lawrence Great Lakes have been severely impacted by eutrophication, land-use change, overfishing, invasive species and pollution. Eutrophication has been reversed for these lakes and constraints are now in place on land use change, such as shoreline alteration and destruction of wetlands. With the demise of most commercial fishing, overfishing is no longer as important. Invasive species have become a major problem as increasingly non-indigenous species gain access to the lakes. Pollution continues as a major impact. These problems are likely to continue and seriously impact use of the resources as well as bring about changes in the biota. Among the African Great Lakes, invasive species are a major problem in Lake Victoria, and eutrophication associated with land-use change and overexploitation of resources is a growing problem. Many endemic species have been lost and many are threatened, so that species associations will have changed by 2025. The Aral Sea continues to disappear and in the future, the remaining largest part of it will continue to become increasingly saline and eventually disappear. A small body of water will remain as a freshwater lake with a productive, although small, fishery. Lake Baikal shows evidence of pollution in the southern basin and is likely to be impacted by land-use changes, primarily logging. Some non-indigenous species are present, but so far, they are not a major problem. Overexploitation of resources in the watershed could lead to adverse impacts on inshore waters. Overfishing has been recognized and appears under control. The major threat to Baikal is continued and growing pollution. Climate change and pollution are global problems that will affect all lakes, large and small. At present, while some warming has occurred, climate change appears not to have impacted large lakes. Present studies on the Laurentian Great Lakes predict possible major impacts. Pollution, especially from persistent toxic substances such as PCBs, is a global problem. Diversion of water out or away from large lakes will become more of a threat as global human population growth continues and water supplies from rivers and ground water become depleted.

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Nguta Charles, Mule Shadrack. "Physical Parameters of Tropical Wetlands in Lake Victoria Basin: A Case Study of Kigwal/Kimondi, Nyando and Nzoia Wetlands." Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology 05, no. 02 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000254.

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Zake, J., J. Y. Z. Kitungulu, H. Busurwa, and F. Kyewaze. "Sustainable use of wetland soils in the eastern region of Uganda around Lake Victoria Basin." Water Practice and Technology 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2011.056.

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Wetlands are not wastelands but wealth lands, which are widely distributed throughout Uganda currently covering 11% of the total land area. They are accessible to a large proportion of the population. As the country's population grows, people increasingly convert wetlands for other land uses such as farming, settlement among others thus making it difficult to enforce legislation for their protection, sustainable management and utilization. Their profound importance to both humans and wildlife calls for a concerted effort to ensure their sustainable utilization and attempts should be made to promote sustainable development of such wetlands with adequate considerations being given to human and environmental requirements. This study was therefore carried out to determine the effect of drainage on organic matter levels and on soil chemical changes in wetland soils in eastern Uganda around the Lake Victoria basin. Secondly, to assess potential lime requirements for drained wetland soils in eastern Uganda around the Lake Victoria basin, this would reflect on wetland soil buffering capacity. In green house studies it was found that drainage of wetland soils led to a reduction of organic matter relative to soil structure and where sulfur and iron were present in large amounts, drainage caused decrease in soil pH to moderately acidic levels; but in cases where exchangeable bases were present in large amounts there was an increase in soil pH. Lime requirements were greater where the amount of clay, organic matter and cation exchange capacity were high. Consequently, such wetland soils had a high buffering capacity. It was concluded that wetland soils should be characterized in terms of potential of acidification, level of organic matter, nutrient content, cation exchange capacity, soil texture and levels of trace elements. Decisions to drain or not to drain should depend on these parameters and other socio-economic considerations for the area.

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Muwanga, A., and E. Barifaijo. "Impact of industrial activities on heavy metal loading and their physico-chemical effects on wetlands of lake Victoria basin (Uganda)." African Journal of Science and Technology 7, no. 1 (June 4, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajst.v7i1.55197.

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Maithya, Joseph K., Felix L. M. Ming’ate, and Sammy C. Letema. "The Impact of Wetland Utilisation on Provisioning Ecosystem Services in Nyando Wetland, Kenya." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, August 19, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333222500235.

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People’s livelihoods in developing countries are often directly dependent on wetlands and watersheds for the provision of food, water, fuel, wood, fibre, and genetic resources. The high rural population density within the Lake Victoria basin is facilitating the rapid conversion of land to settlement and agriculture. These activities have resulted in the depletion of wetland resources to the extent that they cannot replenish naturally, thus threatening the Nyando wetland ecosystem, potential recreational opportunities, and the livelihoods of local communities. This paper, therefore, examines the implication of Nyando wetland utilisation in provisioning ecosystem services. A case study survey design approach was employed for data collection. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected to answer the study objectives. Stratified random sampling was conducted to collect data from 391 households using a structured questionnaire. An interview guide was also used to collect data from stakeholder representatives at the national and county governmental level, non-governmental organisations, and members of the local community. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data, while qualitative data were analysed through content analysis by ordering distinct themes into similar categories. A land-use change analysis was performed using an unsupervised classification technique. The results show that the local community depends on the wetland for farming, firewood, settlement, roofing and mat-making materials, and fishing for domestic and commercial use. The local community’s increased demand and utilisation of Nyando wetland resources has contributed to a reduction in the size of the wetland and consequently affected the availability of ecosystem services. Thus, sustainable utilisation of the wetland is needed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Wetlands Victoria Kanyapella Basin'

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