Journal articles on the topic 'Wetland protection'
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1
Xu, Ting, Baisha Weng, Denghua Yan, Kun Wang, Xiangnan Li, Wuxia Bi, Meng Li, Xiangjun Cheng, and Yinxue Liu. "Wetlands of International Importance: Status, Threats, and Future Protection." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (May 22, 2019): 1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101818.
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The 2303 Wetlands of International Importance distribute unevenly in different continents. Europe owns the largest number of sites, while Africa has the largest area of sites. More than half of the sites are affected by three or four impact factors (55%). The most significant impact factors are pollution (54%), biological resources use (53%), natural system modification (53%), and agriculture and aquaculture (42%). The main affected objects are land area and environment of the wetlands, occurred in 75% and 69% of the sites, respectively. The types most affected by land area occupation are river wetlands and lake wetlands, the types with the greatest impact on environment are marine/coastal wetlands and river wetlands, the type with the greatest impact on biodiversity is river wetlands, the types most affected by water resources regulation are marsh wetlands and river wetlands, and the types most affected by climate change are lake wetlands and marine/coastal wetlands. About one-third of the wetland sites have been artificially reconstructed. However, it is found that the proportions of natural wetland sites not affected or affected by only one factor are generally higher than that of wetland sites both containing natural wetlands and human-made wetlands, while the proportions of wetland sites both containing natural wetlands and human-made wetlands affected by three or four factors are generally higher than that of natural wetland sites. Wetland sites in the UK and Ireland are least affected among all countries. Wetland management plans in different regions still have large space for improvement, especially in Africa and Asia. The protection and restoration of global wetlands can be carried out in five aspects, including management and policy, monitoring, restoration, knowledge, and funding.
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Yan, Ai Lan, Yi Ting Qi, and De Wang Li. "Current Status of Hangjiahu Plain Wetlands Resources and Proposals for Protection and Management." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 3683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3683.
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A survey was conducted in Hangjiahu Plain Wetlands to study the baseline information, types, vegetation, characteristics, ecological values, construction and management. The results showed that: the total area of Hangjiahu plain wetlands coverage 181,800 hectares, involving 5 types. The natural resources were very rich in wetlands.There are 8 birds species under national protection and 4 wild plants under national protection. There are 10 wetland places under state protection by government. This is the Nature Protection Zone of Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park, a name on the List of international wetlands.Taihu Wetland Park is National wetland park. Proposals on protection and management of the wetland were made by considering practical.
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Guo, Ziliang, Weiwei Liu, Manyin Zhang, Yuguang Zhang, and Xiaoyu Li. "Transforming the wetland conservation system in China." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 11 (2020): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19383.
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Wetland conservation has gradually improved worldwide. In situ conservation is effective in protecting valuable wetlands. Here, we review the expansion, reformation and problems associated with wetland conservation in China. The wetland conservation system in China comprises a wetland protected area network (nature reserves, wetland parks, urban wetland parks, aquatic germplasm reserves and special marine reserves) and a wetland grading system. Following rapid expansion, national wetland protected areas cover 4.78% of the country. At the same time, a wetland grading system that categorises the importance of wetlands has expanded to 13 provinces. However, reforming wetlands, including improving the role of wetlands, adjusting departmental responsibility, reforming conservation systems and implementing comprehensive wetland conservation regimes, is somewhat arduous and complicated at present. Although these changes have contributed to wetland conservation in China, the wetland conservation system still faces considerable problems because of a lack of uniform and efficient regulations. Management functions and spatial scope overlap in different systems, and there is a disconnect between resource management and law enforcement. A unified legal system and wetland identity cards should be established, with stronger law enforcement. Synergy between wetland conservation systems should improve, innovative wetland conservation mechanisms should be used and better coordination among different protection systems is needed.
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Xing, Liwei, Liang Chi, Shuqing Han, Jianzhai Wu, Jing Zhang, Cuicui Jiao, and Xiangyang Zhou. "Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Wetland in Dongting Lake Based on Multi-Source Satellite Observation Data during Last Two Decades." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 30, 2022): 14180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114180.
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Monitoring the dynamics of wetland resources has practical value for wetland protection, restoration and sustainable utilization. Dongting Lake wetland reserves are well known for both their intra-annual and inter-annual dynamic changes due to the effects of natural or human factors. However, most wetland monitoring research has failed to consider the seasonal wetlands, which is the most fragile wetland type, requiring more attention. In this study, we used multi-source time series remote sensing data to monitor three Dongting Lake wetland reserves between 2000 and 2020, and the seasonal wetlands were separated from permanent wetlands. Multispectral and indices time series were generated at 30 m resolution using a two-month composition strategy; the optimal features were then selected using the extension of the Jeffries–Matusita distance (JBh) and random forest (RF) importance score; yearly wetland maps were identified using the optimal features and the RF classifier. Results showed that (1) the yearly wetland maps had good accuracy, and the overall accuracy and kappa coefficients of all wetland maps from 2000 to 2020 were above 89.6% and 0.86, respectively. Optimal features selected by JBh can improve both computational efficiency and classification accuracy. (2) The acreage of seasonal wetlands varies greatly among multiple years due to inter-annual differences in precipitation and evaporation. (3) Although the total wetland area of the three Dongting Lake wetland reserves remained relatively stable between 2000 and 2020, the acreage of the natural wetland types still decreased by 197.0 km2, and the change from natural wetland to human-made wetland (paddy field) contributed the most to this decrease. From the perspective of the ecological community, the human-made wetland has lower ecological function value than natural wetlands, so the balance between economic development and ecological protection in the three Dongting Lake wetland reserves requires further evaluation. The outcomes of this study could improve the understanding of the trends and driving mechanisms of wetland dynamics, which has important scientific significance and application value for the protection and restoration of Dongting Lake wetland reserves.
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Zhang, Yihao, Jianzhong Yan, Xian Cheng, and Xinjun He. "Wetland Changes and Their Relation to Climate Change in the Pumqu Basin, Tibetan Plateau." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 7, 2021): 2682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052682.
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Wetland ecosystems play one of the most crucial roles in the world. Wetlands have the functions of ecological water storage, water supply, and climate regulation, which plays an indispensable role in global environmental security. The Pumqu River Basin (PRB) is located in an area with extremely vulnerable ecological environment, where climate change is obvious. Understanding wetland distribution, changes and causes in the PRB are of great importance to the rational management and protection of wetlands. Using the Landsat series satellite images, wetlands of this area in 2000, 2010, and 2018 were extracted. The results showed that (1) there were obvious regional differences in wetland types and their distribution patterns in the basin. Wetlands were mainly distributed in areas with slopes less than 12° and at elevations between 4000 m and 5500 m. (2) During the past 20 years, the wetland area in the basin decreased, and the changing trend of wetlands was different. Palustrine wetlands decreased tremendously, riverine and lacustrine wetlands first decreased and then increased, while floodplain wetlands first increased and then decreased. Palustrine wetlands were reclaimed to cultivated land, but the proportion of reclamation is small. (3) Climate dominated wetland changes in the PRB. The changes in riverine and lacustrine wetlands were mainly affected by the warm-season average temperature, the change in palustrine wetlands was mainly related to the annual precipitation and the warm-season average temperature, and the change in floodplain wetlands was related to the warm-season precipitation. To achieve sustainable development, the government plays a guiding role and actively formulates and implements wetland protection policies, such as restricting or prohibiting grazing on wetlands, which play an important role in wetland protection and restoration.
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Zuo, Jin, and Qin Yan. "Recycling Inter-Feed Relationship between Wetlands’ Protective Using and Eco-Town Construction." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 1085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1085.
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As the wetlands has decreased and degenerated badly due to human’s excessive use, it becomes to be a hotspot in international academe’s forefield to resume and rebuild wetlands. Simply opposing protection to using can effectively ease up the stress of wetland’s degradation in a short term, but is disadvantageous to wetland’s sustainable development. This article takes Tianjin Qilihai wetland as example, aiming at its existing problems, sums up two kinds of infection genes – exterior representation and interior motivation, and intensively analyzes the sticking point from three aspects – economic, acknowledgement and mechanism. It suggests that basing on the idea of accretion and co-prosperity, we can divide wetland area into three zone – core zone, buffer zone and experimental zone, and then let the interior dispersive inhabitants and production activities move out to the intensively constructed eco-town. Thus we can make scientific use of wetland’s economical value and promote circumjacent industries’ transformation. Moreover, by the recycling use of water on a model of source separation combined with wetland classification, the quantity of regenerated water would reach 18.25 million cubic meters. By the Low Impact Development (LID) strategies in the control and use of rainfall and flood, the quantity of rainwater for use would reach 8.62 million cubic meters per year. In this way, the wetlands’ ecological conservation would obtain regurgitation-feeding, the construction of eco-town would be organically combined with protection and using of wetlands, and an effective system of wetlands’ sustainable development and using would be established.
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Sun, Fanglin, and Richard T. Carson. "Coastal wetlands reduce property damage during tropical cyclones." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 11 (March 2, 2020): 5719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1915169117.
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Coastal wetlands dampen the impact of storm surge and strong winds. Studies on the economic valuation of this protective service provided by wetland ecosystems are, however, rare. Here, we analyze property damage caused by 88 tropical storms and hurricanes hitting the United States between 1996 and 2016 and show that counties with more wetland coverage experienced significantly less property damage. The expected economic value of the protective effects of wetlands varies widely across coastal US counties with an average value of about $1.8 million/km2per year and a median value of $91,000/km2. Wetlands confer relatively more protection against weaker storms and in states with weaker building codes. Recent wetland losses are estimated to have increased property damage from Hurricane Irma by $430 million. Our results suggest the importance of considering both natural and human factors in coastal zone defense policy.
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Lei, Zhi Yi, and Chang Xin Xu. "Wetland Area Holdings in the Yangtze River Estuary." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 6103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.6103.
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Wetland resource in Shanghai city is very abundant, and the contradiction between human development and land limit is very violent, so that the development and utilization of wetlands is inevitable. It’s an important way to reclaim wetland to solve the contradiction in Shanghai. Protection can not only take the natural state of wetlands to maintain, and should not be only one habitat model. This paper proposes wetland area balance principle. Then the feasibility of wetland area balance is studied, and wetland area-holdings is proposed as a new concept. Select Jiuduansha wetland, East Chongming wetland and Nanhui beach wetland as examples, the processes of estuarine wetlands development and silting up are studied, research shows that the principle of area balance can be achieved in Yangtze River Estuary.
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Berninger, Kati, Jari Koskiaho, and Sirkka Tattari. "Constructed wetlands in Finnish agricultural environments: balancing between effective water protection, multi-functionality and socio-economy / Małe sztuczne zbiorniki wodne w krajobrazie rolniczym Finlandii: ochrona jakości wody na tle wielozadaniowych funkcji tych zbiorników i aspektów socjalno-ekonomicznych." Journal of Water and Land Development 17, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10025-012-0029-5.
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Abstract This case study summarizes the current knowledge in Finland on the efficiency of constructed wetlands to improve water quality at the same time providing multiple benefits. The efficiency is highly dependent on the wetland’s relative size compared to the upstream catchment area, and on the amount of agricultural land in the upstream catchment. The case study analyses the incentives designed to motivate landowners to construct wetlands in Finland such as the non-productive investment support and the agri-environment payment support for wetland management. Farmers think that the support system is heavy and bureaucratic, and thus the target number of new constructed wetlands is far from being met. Individual projects have been more successful in wetland construction than the official support system. General wetland plans drafted for hotspot areas is an example of enabling factors and strict eligibility rules form one of the barriers of wetland construction identified in this case study. In spite of the criticism of the current wetland incentives, a support system for wetland construction is needed. One option would be to give regional authorities more freedom to select priority areas according to e.g. River Basin Management Plans.
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Taylor, Charles A., and Hannah Druckenmiller. "Wetlands, Flooding, and the Clean Water Act." American Economic Review 112, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 1334–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20210497.
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In 2020 the Environmental Protection Agency narrowed the definition of “waters of the United States,” significantly limiting wetland protection under the Clean Water Act. Current policy debates center on the uncertainty around wetland benefits. We estimate the value of wet-lands for flood mitigation across the United States using detailed flood claims and land use data. We find the average hectare of wetland lost between 2001 and 2016 cost society $1,840 annually, and over $8,000 in developed areas. We document significant spatial heterogeneity in wetland benefits, with implications for flood insurance policy and the 50 percent of “isolated ” wetlands at risk of losing federal protection. (JEL K32, Q24, Q25, Q53, Q58)
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Li, Zhaobin, Lei Ma, Dongmei Gou, Qianqian Hong, Leungkam Fai, and Bo Xiong. "The Impact of Urban Development on Wetland Conservation." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 24, 2022): 13747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113747.
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Wetland is an integrated ecosystem which includes ecosystems such as hydrology, soil, vegetation, and biological environments. At present, the urbanization rate of China’s national economic development process is rapidly increasing, and by the end of 2021, the urbanization rate of China’s resident population will be 64.72%. This paper analyzes the hydrological effects of urbanization, the impact of water resources, climate change, and biodiversity on wetland ecosystems, and also analyzes the role of wetlands on the ecological environment, especially in terms of ecological and cultural values. The economic and social benefits of the whole society are also analyzed. The ecological and social benefits of urban wetlands have made their conservation and sustainable development increasingly important worldwide. Based on the current situation of China’s urban wetland protection and restoration, we put forward countermeasures and suggestions for China’s urban wetland protection. This is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of the urban wetland ecosystem, promoting the operation of the market, realizing the optimal allocation of ecological resources, improving the benefits of ecological environmental protection, and promoting the coordinated development of the ecological environment. This paper provides a reference for the better development of wetland conservation under urbanization development conditions.
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Meng, Wei Qing, Bei Bei Hu, and Zhong Liang Wang. "Coastal Wetland Degradation and its Restoration Planning Incorporating Landscape and Ecological Processes in Tianjin, Northern China." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 4123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.4123.
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Coastal wetlands are the main natural ecosystem type and provide important ecosystem services. During the past thirty years, wetlands had experienced increasing pressures from occupation and degradation with coastal economic activities in Tianjin. A large amount of natural wetland had been changed into artificial wetland, and rivers had been seriously polluted. Using remote-sensing images, the recent history of the dynamics for the shoreline changes and reclamation were described. The area of reclamation land increased from 52.32 km2 in 2004 to 312.78 km2 in 2010. Following the investigation, 232 species wetland plants were found and they are belongs to 46 families and 135 genera. The community is mainly composed of herbs, and no big trees were founded as high salt content in soil and groundwater. The coastal wetland vegetation succession rules were summarized based on investigation and a wetland protection and restoration program was put forward based on the vegetation succession sequence and the landscape context. The planning includ two wetland protection sites, two wetland restoration sites, one wetland park and one wetland education site to reconstruct the ecological integrity in Tianjin coastal region.
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Mitchell, Todd. "Native Uses of Wetlands and Natural Resources Planning: The Swinomish Indian Tribal Community's Wetlands Cultural Assessment." Practicing Anthropology 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.27.1.0m16543050n28544.
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Wetlands are defined based upon the presence of three essential characteristics: hydrophytic vegetation; hydric soils; and wetland hydrology. Wetland inventory and wetland habitat assessments are conducted in areas where wetlands need to be identified and ranked for regulatory protection measures. Typically the following methods are used: 1) identify wetlands through existing resources and produce a preliminary wetland inventory, 2) field verify wetlands, 3) assess wetland functions and values, and 4) develop watershed ranking. In order to evaluate and assess the relative importance or level to which a wetland performs a specific function, a functional assessment of the field-verified wetlands is conducted. Detailed scientific knowledge of wetland functions, sometimes known as functions and values, is often limited, so that evaluations of the functions of individual wetlands are qualitative and largely dependent upon professional judgment. Wetland functional valuations are still an evolving science. Therefore, better methods for valuations are being researched but until such methods are in general use by the scientific research community, the current and possibly inaccurate methods are in use.
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Xing, Liwei, Zhenguo Niu, Cuicui Jiao, Jing Zhang, Shuqing Han, Guodong Cheng, and Jianzhai Wu. "A Novel Workflow for Seasonal Wetland Identification Using Bi-Weekly Multiple Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 14, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14041037.
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Accurate wetland mapping is essential for their protection and management; however, it is difficult to accurately identify seasonal wetlands because of irregular rainfall and the potential lack of water inundation. In this study, we propose a novel method to generate reliable seasonal wetland maps with a spatial resolution of 20 m using a seasonal-rule-based method in the Zhalong and Momoge National Nature Reserves. This study used Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data, along with a bi-weekly composition method to generate a 15-day image time series. The random forest algorithm was used to classify the images into vegetation, waterbodies, bare land, and wet bare land during each time period. Several rules were incorporated based on the intra-annual changes in the seasonal wetlands and annual wetland maps of the study regions were generated. Validation processes showed that the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were above 89.8% and 0.87, respectively. The seasonal-rule-based method was able to identify seasonal marshes, flooded wetlands, and artificial wetlands (e.g., paddy fields). Zonal analysis indicated that seasonal wetland types, including flooded wetlands and seasonal marshes, accounted for over 50% of the total wetland area in both Zhalong and Momoge National Nature Reserves; and permanent wetlands, including permanent water and permanent marsh, only accounted for 11% and 12% in the two reserves, respectively. This study proposes a new method to generate reliable annual wetland maps that include seasonal wetlands, providing an accurate dataset for interannual change analyses and wetland protection decision-making.
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Ye, Siyuan, Lixin Pei, Lei He, Liujuan Xie, Guangming Zhao, Hongming Yuan, Xigui Ding, et al. "Wetlands in China: Evolution, Carbon Sequestrations and Services, Threats, and Preservation/Restoration." Water 14, no. 7 (April 3, 2022): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14071152.
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China has a wetland area of 53.42 million hectares, the fourth largest in the world; it includes all types of wetlands defined by the Ramsar Convention and has a carbon sink capacity of more than 1.71 million metric tons per year. Inland wetlands in China are mainly distributed in 10 major catchments, among which the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, the rivers in the northwest, and the rivers in the northeast each have more than 8 million hectares of wetlands. There are 4220 species of plants and 4015 species of animals in China’s wetland ecosystem. The wetland resources that have been developed and utilized include edible products, reeds for paper making, peat for fertilizer, fuel for power generation, and chemical, pharmaceutical, ceramic, and building materials. However, wetland areas in China have shrunk by about 54% since 1980. In recent years, China’s central government has set great store by Chinese wetlands, and although 49.03% of wetland area is now officially protected, many issues have confounded the implementation of that protection. It is imperative that knowledge gained from scientific research be used to formulate a sound wetland protection and management plan that takes into consideration social, economic, and ecological issues in a way that facilitates the sustainable use of wetland resources and informs decision-makers of the paths that must be followed to achieve that goal.
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Cui, Linlin, Guosheng Li, Yanhui Chen, and Lijuan Li. "Response of Landscape Evolution to Human Disturbances in the Coastal Wetlands in Northern Jiangsu Province, China." Remote Sensing 13, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 2030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112030.
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Human disturbance is one of the essential driving forces of landscape evolution. The quantitative evaluation of the spatial and temporal characteristics of landscape evolution and its relationship with human disturbance are of great significance to regional ecological protection and management and are crucial for achieving coordinated socioeconomic development and ecological–environmental protection. In this study, we took the coastal wetlands in northern Jiangsu province, China, as the research area, and proposed a quantitative evaluation method for directional landscape evolution. On this basis, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the landscape evolution from 1980 to 2020 and the relationship with human disturbance were quantitatively evaluated by combining a human disturbance index and statistical methods. The results showed that: (1) The area of the natural wetlands decreased significantly over the past 40 years, while the areas of artificial wetlands and non-wetlands increased significantly. (2) The landscape evolution process was dominated by the degradation process. The main types of degradation were natural wetland conversion to artificial wetland and non-wetland areas and Spartina alterniflora invasion. The restoration type was mainly restoration among artificial and natural wetlands. (3) The degradation of wetland landscapes demonstrated a southward shift trend and the spatial consistency with the change of the human disturbance index was high (the correlation coefficient was 0.89). (4) The human disturbance index was significantly and positively correlated with the rate of degradation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.43, and was not significantly and positively correlated with the restoration rate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.14. The findings in this paper provide additional information and theoretical guidance for the control of coastal wetland development and utilization, as well as for achieving coordinated wetland resource development together with utilization and ecological protection in the coastal wetlands of Jiangsu province, China.
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Kennedy, Gavin, and Tatiana Mayer. "Natural and Constructed Wetlands in Canada: An Overview." Water Quality Research Journal 37, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 295–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2002.020.
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Abstract A review of freshwater wetland research in Canada was conducted to highlight the importance of these ecosystems and to identify wetland research needs. Both natural and constructed wetland systems are discussed. Natural wetlands are an important part of the Canadian landscape. They provide the habitat for a broad variety of flora and fauna and contribute significantly to the Canadian economy. It is estimated that the total value derived from consumptive and non-consumptive activities exceeds $10 billion annually. The past decades have witnessed the continued loss and degradation of wetlands in Canada. In spite of recent protection, Canadian wetlands remain threatened by anthropogenic activities. This review shows that more research on fate and transport of pollutants from urban and agricultural sources in wetland systems is needed to better protect the health and to assure the sustainability of wetlands in Canada. Furthermore, improved knowledge of hydrology and hydrogeochemistry of wetlands will assure more effective management of these ecosystems. Lastly, better understanding of the effect of climate change on wetlands will result in better protection of these important ecosystems. Constructed wetlands are man-made wetlands used to treat non-point source pollution. The wetland treatment technology capitalizes on the intrinsic water quality amelioration function of wetlands and is emerging as a cost-effective, environmentally friendly method of treating a variety of wastewaters. The use of wetland technology in Canada is, however, less common than in the U.S.A. A number of research needs has to be addressed before the wetland treatment technology can gain widespread acceptance in Canada. This includes research pertaining to cold weather performance, including more monitoring, research on design adaptation and investigation of the effects of constructed wetlands on wildlife.
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Zhao, Yue Han, and Yu Hong Lei. "The Preliminary Study of Protection, Development and Development Mode in the Northwards Progress of Xi'an City." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1752–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1752.
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Wetland is honored as the lung of the earth, it can conserve the water resource, purity the water quality and furthermore beautify city to improve the human living condition. There appears some contradiction in the progress of the northward development of Xian city between city development and ecological protection. The way to solve the problem and then enjoy city booming along with the ecological function of Wei River wetland is our aim. Then, Wetlands Park is raised to be the carrier as a specific way of ecological protection to protect the development mode of wetland.
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Wang, Li Xin, Jian Wei Li, Hua Min Liu, Wei Wang, Cun Zhu Liang, and Jie Yang. "Bibliometric Analysis of Status Quo of Wetland Science in China." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5984.
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Currently, research on wetlands is a rapidly developing field. To understand the state of wetland science in China, we used the term “wetland” ,“marsh”, “swamp”, “bog” and “mire” as the keywords to search in the ISI Web of Knowledge and the Chinese Journals Full-Text Database and collect Chinese and English literature on wetland written by Chinese researchers. These publications were analyzed with bibliometric methods by the distribution of the publication year, the author and organization distribution, the journal distribution, the research funds, the research regions and the subjects. The results indicate that core research groups working in the field of wetland science in China have already been formed, although the distribution of research groups was scattered across many institutions and universities. Dispersion and concentration coexisted in the journal distribution of Chinese and English publications—the majority of publications were clumped in a small number of journals, while a minority was scattered in a large number of journals. In China, there are two professional journals publishing papers on wetlands, Wetland Science and Wetland Science & Management. However, it is reasonable to launch an English language wetland journal in the country to enhance communication and cooperation. Research funds for wetland science have a wide array of sources. An important portion of the papers in Chinese was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and provincial foundations, while those in English were supported either by National Natural Science Foundation of China or international funds. Field studies in wetland science were mainly conducted in the regions with great valleys. Wetland hydrology, Wetland Biogeochemical process and Wetland protection and management are the main objects of those studies. With the development of economy, many environmental and resource issues have emerged due to the excessive use and subsequent destruction of wetland areas. Thus, enforcing the protection of wetlands is becoming increasingly popular.
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Zhang, Liping, Tianyu Sun, Kai Fei, Longzhou Deng, Naiping Song, Xing Wang, Xinguo Yang, Lei Wang, and Lin Chen. "Soil moisture variations of wetland at different altitudes in desert regions, China." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 7, no. 5 (2022): 041–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.75.5.
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Desert wetland is a special ecological environment as water is fundamental to maintaining existence. The soil water of sandy wetland links surficial water and groundwater. This study Takes Habahu National Wetland Nature Reserve as the research area and the water movement characteristics of soil profile as the research purpose. According to the altitude and topographic characteristics, the main focus is monitoring soil moisture in different layers at specific sites. The results show that: (1) In the core area of sandy wetland, the water movement of the soil profile is slow with lower infiltration and evaporation; (2) On the slopes around the wetland, the surface water is recharged by rapid leakage along with the underlying impermeable layer after precipitation due to the sand coverage; (3) In the desert hinterland outside the wetland, the water rapidly infiltrates after precipitation and flows into different groundwater systems along the structural characteristics of the underlying stratum to supplement the nearby wetlands. Based on these characteristics, we put forward the unique viewpoints of environmental protection in sandy wetlands: (1) focus on the protection of surface organisms in the core area of sandy wetland to reduce evaporation and improvethe soil water-holding capacity; (2) Appropriate engineering and biological measures should be applied to the slope outside the core area to reduce surface evaporation and plant transpiration and improve the soil moisture; (3) In the periphery area of the wetland, infiltration should be promoted to ensure the source of water supply to wetlands, which would maintain the existence of wetlands and give full play to their ecological functions. In addition, this study analyzed the relationship between soil moisture and plant diversity of 35 species. 16 plants are considered to be suitable for planting in core area of sandy wetland and 9 plants for planting in the desert hinterland outside the wetland.
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Wang, Wenlong, Mingzhu Sun, Yi Li, Siqi Zhao, Zhenming Zhang, and Xiaofeng Luan. "Multi-Level Comprehensive Assessment of Constructed Wetland Ecosystem Health: A Case Study of Cuihu Wetland in Beijing, China." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 13439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013439.
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Wetlands are one of the world’s three major ecosystems. They not only maintain regional ecological balance but also provide an important guarantee for human survival. Wetland ecosystem health assessment serves as the foundation for wetland protection, management, and restoration. In this study, the method for wetland ecosystem health assessment proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) was selected and improved to systematically evaluate the health status of the Cuihu wetlands’ ecosystem at three levels. The results revealed that the Cuihu wetlands’ landscape development intensity index was 1.55, the total landscape pattern value was 10 points, and the total score for rapid evaluation was 0.79. Levels I and II indicated that the Cuihu wetlands’ ecosystem was in a good near-natural state. Additionally, level III revealed that ecosystem health is higher in area B than in area A. The Cuihu wetlands were characterized by low species diversity and low distribution of benthic animals and aquatic plants. The comprehensive evaluation results revealed that the Cuihu wetlands’ ecosystem is in a good health. In the future, the health status of the wetland ecosystem should be monitored regularly, the cultivation and propagation of aquatic plants should be strengthened, and effective methods to improve water quality and reduce soil salinity should be used to achieve the best health status of the Cuihu wetlands.
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Junk, Wolfgang J. "Long-term environmental trends and the future of tropical wetlands." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 4 (December 2002): 414–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000310.
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Tropical wetlands assume important functions in the landscape and contribute considerably to the welfare of large parts of the human population, but they are seriously threatened because they are considered free resources of land and water. This review summarizes long-term environmental trends for tropical wetlands and predicts their future to the time horizon 2025. Many tropical countries do not have the economic strength, scientific and technological capacity, and/or administrative infrastructure to adequately react to the challenges of increasing population pressure and globalization of the economy with respect to the sustainable use of the resources. Furthermore, political instability and armed conflicts affect large areas in several tropical countries, hindering wetland research and management. Detailed wetland inventories are missing in most countries, as are plans for a sustainable management of wetlands in the context of a long-term integrated watershed management. Despite large regional variability, a continental ranking shows, in decreasing order of wetland integrity, South America, Africa, Australia and Asia, while efforts to mitigate human impacts on wetlands are largest and most advanced in Australia. Analysis of demographic, political, economic and ecological trends indicates fairly stable conditions for wetlands in tropical Australia, slight deterioration of the large wetland areas in tropical South America excepting the Magdalena and Cauca River flood plains where human population is larger, rapidly increasing pressure and destruction on many African and Central American wetlands and serious threats for the remaining wetlands in tropical Asia, by the year of 2025. Policy deficiencies, deficient planning concepts, limited information and awareness and institutional weakness are the main administrative reasons for wetland degradation and must be overcome to improve wetland management and protection in future. Intensification of international cooperation and assistance is considered of fundamental importance for most tropical countries to solve problems related to wetland research, protection and sustainable management.
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Xie, Pin Lei, Yu Lin Chen, Shu Cheng Chang, Jia Cong Li, Jia Long Zhou, Hai Yan Duan, Xian En Wang, and Yu Wang. "Analysis of the Environmental Degradation and Ecological Water Requirement Process of the Typical Wetlands in Northeast China." Advanced Materials Research 1014 (July 2014): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1014.299.
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With the aggravation of water resources scarcity in northeast China at present, the area of the wetlands in the watershed has gradually decreased, and the ecotope is getting worse. In this article we take Xianghai wetland and Zhalong wetland as an example to study the process of ecological water requirement, so as to provide the basis for water environment protection. The results show that the suitable ecological water requirement of Xianghai wetland is 191.19 million m3, and the minimum ecological water requirement of Xianghai wetland is 74.32 million m3. While the suitable ecological water requirement of Zhalong wetland is 559.63 million m3, and the minimum is 217.39 million m3. The wetlands in northeast has four ecological water requirement characteristics, which includes that the northeast wetland ecological water requirement process assumes an M type; May is the month having the highest ecological water requirement of the wetland; the wetlands’ ecological water requirement shows a sharp decline in July; and the wetlands ecological water requirement becomes less in winter. The wetlands should choose a right time to make an ecological water supplement for the wetland, in order to alleviate the water shortage condition, and maintain the wetlands’ structure and function to play them normal roles.
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Xie, Jing, Yeran Sun, Xiao Liu, Zhi Ding, and Ming Lu. "Human Activities Introduced Degenerations of Wetlands (1975–2013) across the Sanjiang Plain North of the Wandashan Mountain, China." Land 10, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10121361.
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Human-induced dramatic loss and fragmentation of wetlands need further understanding through historical backtracking analysis at a geographical landscape scale. In this study, we investigated time-series wetlands maps from 1975, 1983, 1989, 2000, 2006, and 2013 derived from Landsat images based on the object-oriented classification of wetlands across the Sanjiang Plain north of the Wandashan Mountains. The spatial and temporal changes in the wetlands that occurred at different time periods and the Euclidean distances between artificial land-use types and natural land-cover areas were evaluated for their impact. Our results showed that wetland was the dominant landscape in 1975; however, arable land became the main land coverage in 2013 owing to severe changes in agricultural development over the past decades. The closer to arable land, the greater the wetland loss during the entire investigated period; agriculture activities were the dominant driving force for the degradation of wetlands based on landscape changes; secondary was the rapid expansion in building land use (i.e., human settlement, transportation, and establishment of irrigation canals). More specifically, the rapid loss of wetland areas over 1975–2000 was mainly owing to extensive agricultural reclamation. The mitigated loss of wetland areas over 2000–2013 was because of the protection and restored implementation of wetlands under governmental policies. The wetlands of the study area suffered severe human disturbance, and our analysis may help explain the loss process of wetlands, but more effective management and administration is still needed to address the issues around the balance between agricultural production and wetland protection for further sustainable development.
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Meng and Dong. "LUCC and Ecosystem Service Value Assessment for Wetlands: A Case Study in Nansi Lake, China." Water 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081597.
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Wetland is one of the most important ecosystems in the world. A healthy wetland ecosystem is important to the development of a regional and even global economy, and it is also beneficial to the human living conditions. In this paper, remote sensing (RS), landscape metrics were used to analyze the land use/land cover change (LUCC), landscape pattern change and the ecosystem services value (ESV) from 1987 to 2017 in Nansi Lake wetland of China. The results showed: 54.4% of the natural wetlands in Nansi Lake were replaced by constructed wetlands in the past 30 years, the ecosystem was degraded and the landscape structure was fragmented due to the severe drought in 2002 and the development of aquaculture and tourism in recent years. The ESV of Nansi Lake wetland fluctuated from 1987 to 2017, and the average annual ESV ($8134/hm2) was much lower than that of global and China’s wetlands, the LUCC driven by human production and economic development leads to the reduction of ESV, especially the rapid increase of constructed wetlands. Finally, the implications of wetland laws and policies, wetland monitoring, assessment and database construction, and wetland regional development strategies were discussed for wetland protection and management.
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Lü, S. B., S. G. Xu, and F. Feng. "Floodwater utilisation values of wetland services – a case study in Northeastern China." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 15, 2012): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-341-2012.
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Abstract. Water plays a significant role in wetlands. Floodwater utilisation in wetlands brings a wide range of wetland services, from goods production and water regulation to animal protection and aesthetics related to water supply in wetlands. In this study, the floodwater utilisation values of wetland services were estimated within the Momoge wetland and Xianghai wetland in western Jilin province of northeastern China. From 2003 to 2008, the floodwater diverted from the Nenjiang and Tao'er River is 381 million m3, which translates into a monetary value of approximately 1.35 billion RMB in 2008 (RMB: Chinese Currency, RMB 6.80 = US$ 1), and the ratio of economic value, eco-environmental value, and social value is 1:12:2. Besides the monetary value of the water itself, excessive floodwater utilisation may bring losses to wetlands; the threshold floodwater utilisation volumes in wetlands are discussed. Floodwater utilisation can alleviate water shortages in wetlands, and the evaluation of floodwater utilisation in wetland services in monetary terms is a guide for the effective use of the floodwater resources and for the conservation of wetlands.
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Durai, A. Job Martin, S. Kalavathy, V. Gokula, and A. Muthukrishnan. "Identification of potential wetlands in Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Environment 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i1.9944.
Full textAbstract:
Wetland maps are prerequisites for wetland inventory, development, planning, management, protection, and restoration, for conservation of wetland-dependent flora, fauna and humans. It is estimated that 15.26 million hectares exists as wetlands in India according to Space Application Centre (SAC), pertaining to wetlands having more than 56 hectares area. Past research on wetland conservation in the country has shown that micro-wetlands (satellite wetlands) around a bigger wetland act as constellation of habitat mosaic for resident and migratory waterfowls. Often, the size of these micro-wetlands is much smaller than 50 hectares. Therefore, there is a great need to map such wetlands (smaller than 50 hectares). The Tiruchirappalli district, situated in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, is selected for the present investigation to identify the potential wetlands through geo-spatial technology (GIS & RS). All the wetlands within the Tiruchirappalli district have been demarcated from 1973 applying temporal remote sensing data. A total of 2399 wetlands of various size categories have been identified in the Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i1.9944 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(1) 2014: 78-84
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Messer, Tiffany L., Trisha L, Moore, Natalie Nelson, Laurent Ahiablame, Eban Z. Bean, Chelsie Boles, Sonja L. Cook, Steven G. Hall, John McMaine, and Derek Schlea. "Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement: A Synthesis on Nutrient Reduction from Agricultural Effluents." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 2 (2021): 625–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13976.
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Abstract. Excess nutrients from agricultural settings contribute to surface water and groundwater impairment. Constructed wetlands have been widely used for water quality protection in various agricultural systems. We used a synthesis approach to document the performance of constructed wetlands for nutrient removal from a range of landscapes and geographic regions with the following objectives: (1) review the current use of constructed wetlands in agricultural applications, (2) summarize the nutrient removal efficiency of constructed wetlands, and (3) identify the geographic usage and costs associated with constructed wetlands. We reviewed over 130 publications and reports to characterize nutrient removal performance for the following types of agricultural effluents: cropland surface and subsurface drainage, and wastewater from livestock production, greenhouse, aquaculture, and hydroponic systems. Data from the reviewed studies indicate that constructed wetlands are efficient in protecting water quality in agricultural production settings. However, differences in constructed wetland characteristics reported by the studies suggest that standards are needed to ensure nutrient removal goals are met based on wetland design. Researchers should consider including basic performance parameters for constructed wetlands in published reports, including influent and effluent concentrations, hydraulic retention time, hydraulic loading rate, watershed to treatment wetland ratios, and plant species and relative cover. Future studies are needed to explore cost-benefit analyses to assess the feasibility and potential promotion of wetland incentive programs in various geographic regions and watershed nonpoint-source pollution goals for using these systems in agricultural settings. Keywords: Agricultural wastewater, Agricultural water quality, Aquaculture, Cropland runoff, Greenhouse, Hydroponic, Livestock, Review, Subsurface, Treatment wetland.
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Kazantsev, Ivan Victorovich, and Stepan Aleksandrovich Senator. "The necessity of Samara Region wetlands protection." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20162105.
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The article deals with the issue of the need to preserve the wetlands of Samara region. Occupying a small area and being on the southern border of its distribution, all available on the territory of Samara region marshes are considered to be valuable environmental systems in environmental, hydrological, landscape and biogeographic relationships. The main threats to wetland ecosystems are investigated, including the quality and characteristics of local peat, the failure of security mode, the absence of regional legislation regulating environmental management in wetlands. The authors study a list of plants growing on the territory of the wetland nature monuments in Samara region and being of particular environmental and phytogeographical interest. Data about the most valuable marshes of Samara region under the protection or need of saving are given: Hipnovoe swamp, Muranskie lakes, Racheyskay taiga, Bolshoe Orlovo, Bolshaya and Malaya Trostyanka, Kesme, Zolotushnoe, Svetloe Ozero, Berezovay Polyna, Sharlyk, Belokluchenskoe, Mohovoe swamp, Mohovoe II, Chekalinskoe swamp, Trostnikovoe, Molochka lake, Uzilovo swamp, Bychye swamp. Each of the swamps is given a geographical reference, its footprint, status and rationale of the organization of the protection regime. The main threats for wetlands in the region are consideration of peat deposits as a potential source of raw materials for medical purposes and organic fertilizer and, in some cases, compliance with the established regime of protection and the absence of regional legislation regulating environmental management in wetlands.
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Wang, Bo, Huan Hui Huang, and Ping Bin Jin. "The Roles and Applications of Wetlands in Eco-City Construction — Taking Ruian City as an Example." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 6088–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.6088.
Full textAbstract:
In the process of urbanization, We always neglect the issue of environmental protection. In recognition of this problem, we begin to think about the way to solve it. We find that wetlands have important ecological and environmental functions, which play an important role in maintaining regional ecological balance and the conservation of biological diversity. Especially, urban wetlands are playing an irreplaceable role in eco-city construction. The article takes Ruian city as an example to discuss the utility of natural wetland and constructed wetland in eco-city construction. We conclude that to construct an eco-city, Ruian should focus on pollution control, at the same time, we can make use of natural wetland and constructed wetland to make Ruian more beautiful and ecological.
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Lenders, H. J. R., J. A. M. Garritsen, and R. S. E. W. Leuven. "Environmental Quality and Legal Protection of Floodplain Wetlands in the Dutch Part of the Rhine Basin." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 3 (February 1, 1994): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0123.
Full textAbstract:
Large parts of the floodplains in the Dutch Rhine basin can be considered wetlands of international importance. Few data are available concerning the threats to these wetlands. Legal protection and the principle of ' wise use' of the wetlands, as stipulated in the Ramsar Convention, are hardly being implementated in national and local policies. Until 1993 none of the floodplains in the river basin has actually been designated as wetland of international importance. In zoning plans the ' wetland function' is hardly ever recognized as the main function. A relatively small part of the river floodplains is designated as nature reserves or protected areas. More research should be carried out concerning the environmental quality of and ecological standards for wetlands. The physical threats of deterioration, disturbance and fragmentation of habitats deserve special attention. Legal protection and 'wise use' of wetlands in the Rhine basin should be further implemented.
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Yang, Renfei, Fang Luo, Fu Ren, Wenli Huang, Qianyi Li, Kaixuan Du, and Dingdi Yuan. "Identifying Urban Wetlands through Remote Sensing Scene Classification Using Deep Learning: A Case Study of Shenzhen, China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11020131.
Full textAbstract:
Urban wetlands provide cities with unique and valuable ecosystem services but are under great degradation pressure. Correctly identifying urban wetlands from remote sensing images is fundamental for developing appropriate management and protection plans. To overcome the semantic limitations of traditional pixel-level urban wetland classification techniques, we proposed an urban wetland identification framework based on an advanced scene-level classification scheme. First, the Sentinel-2 high-resolution multispectral image of Shenzhen was segmented into 320 m × 320 m square patches to generate sample datasets for classification. Next, twelve typical convolutional neural network (CNN) models were transformed for the comparison experiments. Finally, the model with the best performance was used to classify the wetland scenes in Shenzhen, and pattern and composition analyses were also implemented in the classification results. We found that the DenseNet121 model performed best in classifying urban wetland scenes, with overall accuracy (OA) and kappa values reaching 0.89 and 0.86, respectively. The analysis results revealed that the wetland scene in Shenzhen is generally balanced in the east–west direction. Among the wetland scenes, coastal open waters accounted for a relatively high proportion and showed an obvious southward pattern. The remaining swamp, marsh, tidal flat, and pond areas were scattered, accounting for only 4.64% of the total area of Shenzhen. For scattered and dynamic urban wetlands, we are the first to achieve scene-level classification with satisfactory results, thus providing a clearer and easier-to-understand reference for management and protection, which is of great significance for promoting harmony between humanity and ecosystems in cities.
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Adeeyo, Adeyemi O., Stanley S. Ndlovu, Linda M. Ngwagwe, Mulalo Mudau, Mercy A. Alabi, and Joshua N. Edokpayi. "Wetland Resources in South Africa: Threats and Metadata Study." Resources 11, no. 6 (June 3, 2022): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources11060054.
Full textAbstract:
Wetlands are important ecosystems with physical and economic benefits. However, many reports confirm the drastic loss of wetlands due to urbanisation and anthropogenic activities in many parts of the world. This study focused on the present-day state of wetlands in the Republic of South Africa. A meta-analysis was performed to elucidate the distribution and level of protection of selected wetlands. The classification of existing wetlands and the threat against wetlands were reported. Wetlands in South Africa are grossly endangered by human pollution, developmental activities, and invasive plants. From data obtained, about 47.89% of reported wetlands have a low level of protection and are thus susceptible to threats. The South African Department of Environmental Affairs protects most of the wetlands (28.17%) in the country. Major weaknesses identified for wetland degradation are the ignorance of people about the benefits of wetlands and the weak implementation of frameworks and policies that currently exist. The impact of legislations and policies on the preservation of wetlands is presented as well as the need for community education on environmental degradation. Therefore, the current state of several wetlands calls for urgent attention, and there is need for a strengthening of existing laws and policies in order to prevent wetland damage and extinction.
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Li, Shuai, Haiyu Ma, Di Yang, Wei Hu, and Hao Li. "The Main Drivers of Wetland Evolution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain." Land 12, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020480.
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Analysis of the driving mechanism of wetland change can help identify the spatial differences in the mechanisms of different elements in order to better scientifically prevent and utilize wetlands. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain (BTHP) was selected as the study area, and the dynamic degree model and change intensity index were utilized to examine the spatial and temporal changes of wetlands based on four periods of land use data. After establishing a wetland change evaluation system that included topography, geology, meteorological, and human activities, we utilized a random forest model to study the driving mechanism of wetland change from 1990–2020. Based on the developed zoning map, we then offered specific protection policies. We have four major findings: (1) the wetlands reduced significantly in the BTHP and underwent a change process from decreasing to increasing, and reservoirs and rivers, particularly along the Bohai Rim, were the primary determinants of wetland changes; (2) the impact of topographic factors such as elevation showed a significant gradient effect, the impact of geological factors such as hydrogeological division was low and indirect, the impact of meteorological factors was nonlinear, and the impact of anthropic factors was most significant and showed clear spatial directivity; (3) the urban expansion and agricultural reclamation had significant dominant effects, coupled with the topographical effects of elevation and slope, the geological environmental effects of surface subsidence and hydrogeological division, and the cumulative effects of temperature and precipitation, which resulted in the spatial change of wetlands; and (4) protecting wetland integrity, dynamic monitoring, restricting human activities, and establishing wetland buffer zones should be applied to the general area, natural factors area, anthropic factors area, and significant comprehensive area, respectively.
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Dang, Yongcai, Hongshi He, Dandan Zhao, Michael Sunde, and Haibo Du. "Quantifying the Relative Importance of Climate Change and Human Activities on Selected Wetland Ecosystems in China." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 26, 2020): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030912.
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Climate change and human activities are important factors driving changes in wetland ecosystems. It is therefore crucial to quantitatively characterize the relative importance of these stressors in wetlands. Previous such analyses have generally not distinguished between wetland types, or have focused on individual wetland types. In this study, three representative wetland areas of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Heilongjiang River Basin (HRB) were selected as the study area. An object-based classification was used with Landsat TM data to extract the spatial distribution of wetland in 1990, 2000 and 2010. We then quantified the relative importance of climate change and human activities on the wetlands by using the R package “relaimpo” package. The results indicated that: (1) the effects of human activities on wetland changes were greater (contribution rate of 63.57%) than climate change in the HRB. Specifically, there were differences in the relative importance of climate change and human activities for wetlands in different regions. Wetlands of the upper reaches were more affected by climate change, while wetlands in the middle and lower reaches were more affected by human activities; (2) climate change had a greater impact (contribution rate of 65.72%) on low intensity wetland loss, while human activities had a greater impact on moderate and severe intensity wetland loss, with respective contribution rates of 57.22% and 70.35%; (3) climate change had a larger effect on the shrub and forested wetland changes, with respective contribution rates of 58.33% and 52.58%. However, human activities had a larger effect on herbaceous wetland changes, with a contribution rate of 72.28%. Our study provides a useful framework for wetland assessment and management, and could be a useful tool for developing wetland utilization and protection approaches, particularly in sensitive environments in mid- and high-latitude areas.
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Chen, Chen, Jiajun Feng, Changyou Wang, Longjiang Mao, and Yuanzhi Zhang. "Satellite-Based Monitoring of Coastal Wetlands in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060829.
Full textAbstract:
The dynamic process of the wetland can reflect its impact on the environment, and finding a balance point supporting harmonious coexistence between man and nature has become an issue of increasing concern. On the basis of previous studies that have focused on local coastal wetlands, the temporal and spatial changes and driving forces of wetlands in the Yancheng coastal area from 1991 to 2021 were analyzed over a larger area. According to the study findings: (1) The results of the study of the Yancheng coastal wetland with a larger scope differed significantly from findings resulting from a study of coastal wetland only. This difference was mainly reflected in the relatively stable situation of wetland ecology as a whole, while the changes in local surface features were more significant. (2) Natural wetlands were transformed into artificial wetlands and non-wetland types, and artificial wetlands were transformed into non-wetland types; additionally, reverse transformations and internal transformations of surface features also took place. For instance, the saltpan was transformed into mudflats (86.26 km2), and some mudflats into herbaceous vegetation (193.47 km2). (3) When analyzing the impact intensity of human activities on the Yancheng wetland, it was found that this factor has experienced a process of first rising and then falling. The index was 0.650, 0.653, 0.664, 0.661, and 0.641 in 1991, 2000, 2008, 2016, and 2021, respectively. (4) Lastly, an analysis of factors driving wetland change revealed that human factors were the most critical reasons for wetland landscape change. Our work can play a reference and inspiration role in the monitoring and protection of similar coastal wetlands.
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Stengård, Emelie, Aleksi Räsänen, Carla Sofia Santos Ferreira, and Zahra Kalantari. "Inventory and Connectivity Assessment of Wetlands in Northern Landscapes with a Depression-Based DEM Method." Water 12, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 3355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123355.
Full textAbstract:
Wetlands, including peatlands, supply crucial ecosystem services such as water purification, carbon sequestration and regulation of hydrological and biogeochemical cycles. Peatlands are especially important as carbon sinks and stores because of the incomplete decomposition of vegetation within the peat. Good knowledge of individual wetlands exists locally, but information on how different wetland systems interact with their surroundings is lacking. In this study, the ability to use a depression-based digital elevation model (DEM) method to inventory wetlands in northern landscapes and assess their hydrological connectivity was investigated. The method consisted of three steps: (1) identification and mapping of wetlands, (2) identification of threshold values of minimum wetland size and depth, and (3) delineation of a defined coherent area of multiple wetlands with hydrological connectivity, called wetlandscape. The results showed that 64% of identified wetlands corresponded with an existing wetland map in the study area, but only 10% of the wetlands in the existing map were identified, with the F1 score being 17%. Therefore, the methodology cannot independently map wetlands and future research should be conducted in which additional data sources and mapping techniques are integrated. However, wetland connectivity could be mapped with the depression-based DEM methodology by utilising information on upstream and downstream wetland depressions, catchment boundaries and drainage flow paths. Knowledge about wetland connectivity is crucial for understanding how physical, biological and chemical materials are transported and distributed in the landscape, and thus also for resilience, management and protection of wetlandscapes.
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Hao, Chun Xu, and Ya Li Wen. "Game Analysis on Benefit of Chinese Wetland Ecological Compensation." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 4835–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.4835.
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China adopted a series of measures on wetland eco-environmental protection to enhance improvement of ecological conditions of wetlands. However, there are still structural policies absence in the practicing process. Ecological compensation as a systematic arrangement between adjusting damage and environment protectors remain an effective measure of environmental conservation. This article from the perspective of game theory analyze wetland ecological compensation stakeholders, through the establishment of wetland ecological compensation of subject and object of the game model to arrive at the wetland ecological compensation of the main object of the Nash equilibrium strategy, and make specific recommendations.
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Liu, Haifei, Zhexian Zhu, Jingling Liu, and Qiang Liu. "Numerical Analysis of the Impact Factors on the Flow Fields in a Large Shallow Lake." Water 11, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010155.
Full textAbstract:
Wetland acts as an important part of climatic regulation, water purification, and biodiversity maintenance. As an integral part of wetlands, large shallow lakes play an essential role in protecting ecosystem diversity and providing water sources. Baihe Lake in the Momoge Wetland is one such example, so it is necessary to study the flow pattern characteristics of this lake under different conditions. A new model, based on the lattice Boltzmann method, was used to investigate the effects of different impact factors on flow fields, such as water discharge from surrounding farmland, rainfall, wind speed, and aquatic vegetation. Importantly, this study provides a hydrodynamic basis for local ecological protection and restoration work.
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Maltchik, L., AS Rolon, and C. Stenert. "Aquatic macrophyte and macroinvertebrate diversity and conservation in wetlands of the Sinos River basin." Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, no. 4 suppl (December 2010): 1179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000600007.
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Wetlands are important sites for biological conservation because they support rich biodiversity and present high productivity. Species-area relationship is an important tool in conservation planning and it has been extensively used for wetland management. This study had as aims: (1) to analyse macrophyte and macroinvertebrate diversity in the fragmented wetlands of the Sinos River basin; and (2) to investigate whether wetland areas could work as a tool for selecting the important habitats for biodiversity conservation. Throughout the study, 56 species of macrophytes and 57taxa of macroinvertebrates were identified. Macrophyte richness was related to the wetland area, but macroinvertebrate richness, however, was not related to the wetland area. The macrophyte and macroinvertebrate composition were not related to the wetland area. Species composition varied between the regions of the basin and the difference in the species composition occurred mainly by the distribution of macroinvertebrates. With regard to the biodiversity conservation of the Sinos River basin, the wetland area must not be a priority criterion for choosing the important wetlands for conservation. The environmental policies for biodiversity conservation must include management actions focused also on the protection of small wetlands. Moreover, other criteria should be analysed in further research such as habitat diversity, hydroperiod, geographic distribution and connectivity.
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Wu, Yan-Sheng, Yan Li, Xiong Gao, Jie Pan, Ning Wang, Yong-Wei Cheng, Cong-Gao Yang, and Ya-Chao Yang. "Sewage Treatment System Planning for Dianchi Urban Wetland Park in Kunming." E3S Web of Conferences 245 (2021): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124502019.
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Dianchi Lake urban wetland park in Kunming is an important component of Dianchi lakeside wetlands, it is of great significance to the urban development and ecological protection of Kunming. To solve the problem of non-point source pollution of Dianchi Lake basin, the Dianchi Lake Pan-Asian International Urban Wetland Park is taken as an example, the rapid artificial infiltration treatment system and the comprehensive constructed wetland treatment system were designed for Dianchi Lake urban wetland park, and various design parameters and its influencing factors have been analyzed. After the deep treatment by the treatment system, the water quality reached the standards of landscape water. The planning of water system for Dianchi Lake urban wetland park provides a reference for designing plateau lake urban wetland parks.
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He, Ping, Zifei Mao, Yue Zou, Xueya Chen, and Yuanxing Cai. "Research on Application Status of 3S Technology in Wetland." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 14, no. 2 (May 2022): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1196.
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This paper analyzes the research status of 3S technology in China's wetlands. The research of 3S technology in wetland landscape pattern and driving force analysis is increasing day by day. Most of the research uses 3S technology to calculate the landscape index, and reveals the change rule of wetland landscape pattern characteristics with natural and human factors from the type scale and landscape scale. The use of 3S technology for wetland information extraction and dynamic monitoring research is gradually increasing. In most studies, wetland information was extracted according to different classification criteria, and spatio-temporal characteristics of wetland were analyzed based on area change, spatial distribution and shape change. With the development, planning and protection of wetland resources, the advantages of 3S technology will become more prominent.
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Mao, D., Z. Wang, Y. Wang, C. Y. Choi, M. Jia, M. V. Jackson, and R. A. Fuller. "Remote Observations in China’s Ramsar Sites: Wetland Dynamics, Anthropogenic Threats, and Implications for Sustainable Development Goals." Journal of Remote Sensing 2021 (May 15, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9849343.
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The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands is an international framework through which countries identify and protect important wetlands. Yet Ramsar wetlands are under substantial anthropogenic pressure worldwide, and tracking ecological change relies on multitemporal data sets. Here, we evaluated the spatial extent, temporal change, and anthropogenic threat to Ramsar wetlands at a national scale across China to determine whether their management is currently sustainable. We analyzed Landsat data to examine wetland dynamics and anthropogenic threats at the 57 Ramsar wetlands in China between 1980 and 2018. Results reveal that Ramsar sites play important roles in preventing wetland loss compared to the dramatic decline of wetlands in the surrounding areas. However, there are declines in wetland area at 18 Ramsar sites. Among those, six lost a wetland area greater than 100 km2, primarily caused by agricultural activities. Consistent expansion of anthropogenic land covers occurred within 43 (75%) Ramsar sites, and anthropogenic threats from land cover change were particularly notable in eastern China. Aquaculture pond expansion and Spartina alterniflora invasion were prominent threats to coastal Ramsar wetlands. The observations within China’s Ramsar sites, which in management regulations have higher levels of protection than other wetlands, can help track progress towards achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study findings suggest that further and timely actions are required to control the loss and degradation of wetland ecosystems.
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Wan, Zhiwei, and Hongqi Wu. "Evolution of Ecological Patterns of Poyang Lake Wetland Landscape over the Last One Hundred Years Based on Historical Topographic Maps and Landsat Images." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 28, 2022): 7868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137868.
Full textAbstract:
Ecological pattern evolution of Poyang Lake wetland, the largest freshwater lake in China, is critical for regional ecological protection and sustainable development of migratory bird habitats; however, this information is still not fully explored. In this study, we quantitatively reconstructed the spatial distribution and landscape ecological pattern of Poyang Lake wetlands in three periods in the past 100 years based on the military topographic map in the 1930s and the Landsat satellite remote sensing image data in 1979 and 2021. Further, use the Fragstats software to analyze the ecological pattern index of wetland reconstruction results. The results show that the wetland area in the Poyang Lake region has experienced a continuous reduction process over the past 100 years, and it decreased from 3857 km2 in the 1930s to 3673 km2 in the 1970s, and then to 3624 km2 in the 2020s. The current wetland area has decreased by about 6.04% compared with the 1930s. The general trend of changes in the spatial pattern of Poyang Lake wetlands is that the surface water decreases and the open land increases. Nevertheless, the trend has certain spatial differences as a large area of wetlands disappeared in the southwest and west of Poyang Lake and the areas with enlarged wetland density values mainly appeared in the northeastern and northern parts of the study area. The NP (number of patches) in the wetlands of Poyang Lake over the past 100 years showed a downward trend during the 1930s–1970s, and an increasing trend during the 1970s–2010s. Due to the increases of constructed wetlands, the number and density of patches also increased, and PD (patch density) reached a maximum value of 0.142 in 2020s. The LPI (largest patch index) has shown a gradual downward trend in the past 100 years. Compared with the 1930s, the wetlands in 2020s dropped by about 26.64%, and the wetlands further showed a trend of fragmentation. The AI index, which indicates the concentration of wetland patches, reached the maximum value in 2020s, but the LSI (landscape shape index) showed a downward trend in general, indicating that the shape of wetland patches has been simplified over the past 100 years. The research results can provide basic data and decision-making basis for Poyang Lake wetland protection, construction of migratory bird reserve and regional sustainable development.
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Guan, XianMing, Di Wang, Luhe Wan, and Jiyi Zhang. "Extracting Wetland Type Information with a Deep Convolutional Neural Network." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (May 18, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5303872.
Full textAbstract:
Wetlands have important ecological value. The application of wetland remote sensing is essential for the timely and accurate analysis of the current situation in wetlands and dynamic changes in wetland resources, but high-resolution remote sensing images display nonobvious boundaries between wetland types. However, high classification accuracy and time efficiency cannot be guaranteed simultaneously. Extraction of wetland type information based on high-spatial-resolution remote sensing images is a bottleneck that has hindered wetland development research and change detection. This paper proposes an automatic and efficient method for extracting wetland type information. First, the object-oriented multiscale segmentation method is used to realize the fine segmentation of high-resolution remote sensing images, and then the deep convolutional neural network model AlexNet is used to classify automatically the types of wetland images. The method is verified in a case study involving field-measured data, and the classification results are compared with those of traditional classification methods. The results show that the proposed method can more accurately and efficiently extract different wetland types in high-resolution remote sensing images than the traditional classification methods. The proposed method will be helpful in the extension and application of wetland remote sensing technology and will provide technical support for the protection, development, and utilization of wetland resources.
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Polajnar Horvat, Katarina, and Ales Smrekar. "The Wetland Contract as a Tool for Successful Wetland Governance: A Case Study of Ljubljansko Barje Nature Park, Slovenia." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010425.
Full textAbstract:
Our research focuses on implementing multilevel governance of wetlands to achieve an effective participatory process and its overall positive effects on wetland ecosystems and their protection as well as on local sustainable development. The aim of the research is to develop a methodology for establishing the Wetland Contract, a voluntary agreement to foster sustainable management and development of wetlands, to ensure greater coordination and consensus building between various stakeholders involved in management and to limit conflicts between preservation issues and economic activities in wetlands. The Wetland Contract and the integration process for establishing it in Ljubljansko barje Nature Park proved itself able to overcome conflicts between institutional and legal jurisdiction and is showing itself to be a dynamic path capable of activating a desirable relationship between various interests and supporting new forms of multi-sectoral stakeholder participation in wetland management. It has also contributed to a dialogue and shared responsibility among stakeholders.
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Magure, Martin, Webster Gumindoga, Hodson Makurira, and Donald Tendai Rwasoka. "Impacts of wetland loss and fragmentation on the hydrology of Zimbabwe's highveld." Water Practice and Technology 17, no. 11 (September 8, 2022): 2463–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2022.107.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Wetland loss and fragmentation are among the greatest threats to water resources in developed and developing countries. While several studies on wetland fragmentation have been done, a few have looked at impacts of wetland fragmentation on hydrology, with none having been done on Zimbabwe's highveld headwater catchments. There is a critical need to investigate the influence of wetlands on flow regimes of highveld headwater catchments, to understand the hydrological role that wetlands play in sustaining water resources. Endowed with dambos, marshes and riverine wetlands, Zimbabwe's highveld play a significant role in sustaining Zimbabwe's water resources, with major river systems originating from the highveld plateau, having wetlands as their source regions. Hydrologic impacts of wetland fragmentation on flow regimes of highveld headwater catchments i.e., Upper Manyame (Manyame catchment), Nyagui (Mazowe catchment) and Macheke (Save catchment) were analyzed for the period from 1984–2021. Analysis of landcover and wetland change as well as streamflow characteristics was done for 1984, 1994, 2004, 2014 and 2021 periods. Simulation of streamflow under wetland fragmentation was done using the topographically driven rainfall-runoff model (TOPMODEL), which was set up, calibrated and validated for the most sensitive parameters, which include scaling parameter (m), transmissivity (To) and root zone available water capacity (SRmax). Results from landuse/cover analysis for the period between 1984 and 2021 showed a decrease in wetland area, followed by an increase in built up area and bare land for the same period, owing to expansion of urban areas and cultivation into wetland areas. Hydrological simulation by TOPMODEL and flow duration curve analysis show that wetland fragmentation has resulted in increased peak flows, while low flows have declined for the three catchments. The findings of this research would be helpful in understanding the hydrological functions of highveld wetlands, providing the reference for protection and sustainable utilization of wetland resources in the highveld catchments.
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Barakagira, Alex, and Anton H. de Wit. "The role of wetland management agencies within the local community in the conservation of wetlands in Uganda." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2019-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Wetlands in Uganda are believed to be socio-economically important for providing water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries, recreation, transport and agriculture among others. Bearing in mind the host of benefits wetlands provide to local communities, if they are harnessed without the mind, they could end up being over utilized and ultimately degraded and not continue to provide a stream of functions, attributes and services. This could be one of the primary reasons why special Departments and Institutions like the National Environment Management Authority and Wetlands Management Department were created to manage the country’s natural resources including wetlands. The study was initiated to explore how wetland management agencies influence members of the local community on matters concerning the conservation of wetlands in Uganda. A cross-sectional research design was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data. A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst four hundred households to collect information concerning the role of wetland management agencies among members of the local community for the conservation of wetlands in Uganda. More information was obtained from senior officials from the National Environment Management Authority, Wetland Management Department, and District Natural Resources Officers from the study area using a non-structured questionnaire. Key informant interviews and direct observations were also used to collect data. The study revealed that gathering materials for building and for making crafts, agricultural activities, unsustainable mining of clay and sand for building contributed to wetland degradation. Some circumstances like high population growth, unclear wetland ownership, unawareness of the indirect functions of wetlands also contributed to wetland degradation. It was found that the wetland management agencies have been ineffective towards the conservation of wetlands mainly due to inadequate funding, political interference, and lack of specific judges for wetland related court cases among others. For wetland management agencies to effectively perform their duties leading to the protection and conservation of wetlands in Uganda, the study recommends that members of the local community should be allowed to practice wetland edge farming, fish farming in ponds constructed in wetlands, and to leave some parts of these vital wetlands that have been reclaimed to regenerate, in addition to addressing the main reported hindrances that are stifling the smooth running of the activities of the agencies.
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Li, Heying, Jiayao Wang, Jianchen Zhang, Fen Qin, Jiyuan Hu, and Zheng Zhou. "Analysis of Characteristics and Driving Factors of Wetland Landscape Pattern Change in Henan Province from 1980 to 2015." Land 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060564.
Full textAbstract:
The study of the temporal and spatial evolution of wetland landscapes and its driving factors is an important reference for wetland ecological restoration and protection. This article utilized seven periods of land use data in Henan Province from 1980 to 2015 to extract the spatial distribution characteristics of wetlands and analyze the temporal and spatial changes of wetlands in Henan Province. Transfer matrix, landscape metrics, correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis were applied to calculate and analyze the transformation types and area of wetland resources between all consecutive periods, and then the main driving factors of wetland expansion/contraction were explored. First, the total wetland area in Henan Province increased by 28% from 1980 to 2015, and the increased wetland area was mainly constructed wetlands, including paddy field, reservoir and pond, and canal. Natural wetlands such as marsh, lake, and floodplain decreased by 74%. Marsh area declined the most during 1990–1995, and was mainly transformed into floodplain and “Others” because of agricultural reclamation, low precipitation, and low Yellow River runoff. The floodplain area dropped the most from 2005 to 2010, mainly converted to canals and “Others” because of reclamation, exploitation of groundwater, the construction of the South–to–North Water Transfer Project, and recreational land development. Second, the results of correlation analysis and redundancy analysis indicated that economic factors were positively correlated with the area of some constructed wetlands and negatively correlated with the area of some natural wetlands. Socioeconomic development was the main driving factors for changes in wetland types. The proportion of wetland habitat in Henan Province in 2015 was only 0.3%, which is low compared to the Chinese average of 2.7%. The government should pay more attention to the restoration of natural wetlands in Henan Province.
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Qian, Guoping, Chang Wang, Xiangbing Gong, Hongyu Zhou, and Jun Cai. "Design of Constructed Wetland Treatment Measures for Highway Runoff in a Water Source Protection Area." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 5951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105951.
Full textAbstract:
Road runoff contains high levels of pollutants, such as heavy metals and hydrocarbons. If they are directly discharged into sensitive water bodies, they will cause irreversible pollution and damage to the water environment. Furthermore, the leakage of hazardous chemicals into sensitive waters will lead to serious consequences, so determining how to deal with road surface runoff has become an urgent problem. This research adopts a scheme for collecting and processing road runoff in a water source protection area using artificial wetlands. After optimizing and improving the general vertical flow of the wetland structure, a composite wetland structure and a relatively novel tandem wetland structure are proposed. An indoor model is established for experiments on various main wetland structure schemes. The results show that the two newly proposed wetland structures improve the possibility of water level control in general vertical flow structures. At the same time, the movement distance of the water flow in the wetland structure is changed to improve the treatment effect of runoff. The removal effect of composite and tandem wetland structures for heavy metals, petroleum substances, and COD (chemical oxygen demand) is significantly better than that of general vertical flow structures. Among them, the composite structure is better than the tandem structure at removing heavy metals, petroleum substances, and COD. However, due to the water discharge method of the structures, the latter has a better effect than the former in the treatment of suspended substances.