Journal articles: 'Wetland in drylands'

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Tooth, Stephen, and Terence S. McCarthy. "Wetlands in drylands: geomorphological and sedimentological characteristics, with emphasis on examples from southern Africa." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 31, no. 1 (February 2007): 3–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133307073879.

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Wetlands are poorly documented features of many landscapes, and there is often little understanding of the geomorphological controls on their origin, development and characteristics. This paper addresses the apparent paradox of wetlands in drylands, focusing particularly on the geomorphology and sedimentology of wetlands in southern Africa. Drylands are characterized by high (but variable) levels of aridity, reflecting low ratios between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, so wetlands can only exist where there are locally positive surface water balances for all or part of the year. Most moderate to large wetlands in drylands are thus maintained by river inflows that combine with other factors that serve to impede drainage or reduce infiltration, including faulting, rock outcrops, swelling soils, and ponding by tributary or aeolian sediments. Together with variations in sediment supply, vegetation communities, and levels of animal activity, this promotes a diverse range of wetlands that span a continuum from permanently inundated, to seasonally inundated, to ephemerally inundated. In detail, every wetland has a unique range of geomorphological and sedimentological characteristics but, at a general level, the dryland setting can be shown to impart some distinctive features. By comparison with humid region (tropical and temperate) wetlands, we propose that many wetlands in drylands are characterized by: 1) more frequent and/or longer periods of desiccation; 2) channels that commonly decrease in size and even disappear downstream; 3) higher levels of chemical sedimentation; 4) more frequent fires that reduce the potential for thick organic accumulations and promote aeolian activity; and 5) longer timescales of development that may extend far back into the Pleistocene. Additional studies of wetlands in different drylands may reveal other distinctive characteristics. Correct identification of the factors giving rise to wetlands, and improved understanding of the geomorphological and sedimentological processes governing their development, is vital for the design of sustainable management guidelines for these diverse yet fragile habitats.

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Roborg, Astrid Storgaard, and Mette Løvschal. "Aldersro wetland-settlement complex." Danish Journal of Archaeology 10 (October 4, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dja.v10i0.125120.

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In southern Scandinavia, the Early Iron Age transition is characterised by radical ideological and organisational changes involving new material practices of sorting, delimiting, depositing and discarding artefacts, humans and nonhumans, in both wetlands and drylands. However, settlements and wetland areas are mostly excavated separately, and the deeper relationship between these practices and associated spheres remains somewhat inconclusive. Aldersro, Eastern Jutland, provides an exceptional opportunity to revisit this relationship. A juxtaposed settlement and wetland activity area spanning more than 1.4 hectares were excavated in 2002-2003. The excavations exposed the structural remains of houses, fences, storage buildings, pits and peat graves. Moreover, they disclosed extensive archaeological remains of more than 800 ceramic vessels, processed wood, stones, burnt organic material, human and animal bones subject to 14C, pollen, archaeobotany, zooarchaeology, osteology, and ceramic analyses. The site has provided vital new insights into the diachronic dynamics of depositional and mortuary practices in the Early Iron Age. The highly fragmented remains of more than eight human individuals were mixed and deposited together with typical settlement debris, and would have been exposed right next to a settlement area.

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Lidzhegu, Z., F. Ellery, and S. K. Mantel. "Incorporating Geomorphic Knowledge in the Management of Wetlands in Africa’s Drylands: a Rapid Assessment of the Kafue Wetland." Wetlands 40, no. 2 (May 25, 2019): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-019-01172-9.

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Larkin, Zacchary T., Timothy J. Ralph, Stephen Tooth, and Terence S. McCarthy. "The interplay between extrinsic and intrinsic controls in determining floodplain wetland characteristics in the South African drylands." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 42, no. 7 (December 14, 2016): 1092–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.4075.

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Zhang, Yang, and Samsung Lim. "Drivers of Wildfire Occurrence Patterns in the Inland Riverine Environment of New South Wales, Australia." Forests 10, no. 6 (June 24, 2019): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10060524.

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In the inland riverine environment of Australia, wildfires not only threaten human life and cause economic loss but also make distinctive impacts on the ecosystem (e.g., injuring or killing fire-sensitive wetland species such as the river red gum). Understanding the drivers of wildfire occurrence patterns in this particular environment is vital for fire-risk reduction and ecologically sustainable management. This study investigated patterns and driving factors of wildfire occurrence over the years from 2001 to 2016 and across the New South Wales side of the Riverina bioregion. Descriptive analyses were conducted for fires of different causes and that burned different vegetation types. Logistic regression models were developed by incorporating factors that provide information on weather, climate, fuel, topography and ignition sources. Analyses revealed that most fires occurred in summer, with human-caused fires primarily in spring and summer, and natural fires in summer. Summer was the most fire-prone season in forested wetlands, whereas fires in drylands mostly occurred during spring and summer. Fire probabilities were higher under severe weather conditions, in areas with higher annual rainfall, in forested wetlands and in areas with intermediate inundation frequencies. Special attention needs to be paid to the effects of vegetation type and inundation frequency on fire occurrence. Weather, climate&fuel and ignition sources were comparably important in explaining human-caused fire occurrence, whereas weather was more important than climate&fuel in explaining natural fire occurrence. Understandings obtained from this study can potentially support the planning of fire and forest management, as well as to supplement the relatively scarce knowledge on riverine wildfire occurrence.

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Li, Kangkang, Xiaoguang Qin, Bing Xu, Yong Wu, Guijin Mu, Dong Wei, Xiaohong Tian, et al. "New radiocarbon dating and archaeological evidence reveal the westward migration of prehistoric humans in the drylands of the Asian interior." Holocene 31, no. 10 (June 26, 2021): 1555–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09596836211025968.

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The vast drylands of the Asian interior were an integral part of a transcontinental network connecting east to west, that acted periodically as corridors and routeways for human migration. However, our understanding of the prehistoric human occupation of and interaction with this inhospitable environment has been hindered by a lack of direct evidence from settlements. Here we present the results of the first systematic study of archaeological material and radiocarbon dates from newly-discovered Bronze Age settlements in the hyper-arid Lop Nur region, in the eastern Tarim Basin. The studied settlement (the North Loulan Settlement, NLS), apparently associated with the prehistoric Xiaohe Culture, which is known from the Xiaohe and Gumugou cemeteries, is especially significant for the study of the prehistoric desert-oasis civilization in the drylands of the Asian interior, because it is quite different from any of the contemporary cultures in the surrounding regions. Based on a synthesis of Bayesian-modeled radiocarbon dates, the age of the NLS falls within the range of ca. 2051–1774 BC. Our field investigations indicate that the inhabitants of the site occupied semi-subterranean/semi-cave dwellings on the upper part of high yardangs, suggesting that they were able to utilize island-like yardangs in order to adapt to lake or wetland terrains. The new chronological framework for the Xiaohe cultural sites indicates that the NLS was the first Xiaohe settlement in the Tarim Basin. The earliest settlers, who were influenced by oriental culture, may have migrated to the NLS along the eastern or northeastern corridors. Later, there was the migration of populations westward along rivers.

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Bertram, A., A. Wendleder, A. Schmitt, and M. Huber. "LONG-TERM MONITORING OF WATER DYNAMICS IN THE SAHEL REGION USING THE MULTI-SAR-SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-313-2016.

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Fresh water is a scarce resource in the West-African Sahel region, seasonally influenced by droughts and floods. Particularly in terms of climate change, the importance of wetlands increases for flora, fauna, human population, agriculture, livestock and fishery. Hence, access to open water is a key factor. Long-term monitoring of water dynamics is of great importance, especially with regard to the spatio-temporal extend of wetlands and drylands. It can predict future trends and facilitate the development of adequate management strategies. Lake Tabalak, a Ramsar wetland of international importance, is one of the most significant ponds in Niger and a refuge for waterbirds. Nevertheless, human population growth increased the pressure on this ecosystem, which is now degrading for all uses. The main objective of the study is a long-term monitoring of the Lake Tabalak’s water dynamics to delineate permanent and seasonal water bodies, using weather- and daytime-independent multi-sensor and multi-temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data available for the study area. Data of the following sensors from 1993 until 2016 are used: Sentinel-1A, TerraSARX, ALOS PALSAR-1/2, Envisat ASAR, RADARSAT-1/2, and ERS-1/2. All SAR data are processed with the Multi-SAR-System, unifying the different characteristics of all above mentioned sensors in terms of geometric, radiometric and polarimetric resolution to a consistent format. The polarimetric representation in Kennaugh elements allows fusing single-polarized data acquired by older sensors with multi-polarized data acquired by current sensors. The TANH-normalization guarantees a consistent and therefore comparable description in a closed data range in terms of radiometry. The geometric aspect is solved by projecting all images to an earth-fixed coordinate system correcting the brightness by the help of the incidence angle. The elevation model used in the geocoding step is the novel global model produced by the TanDEM-X satellite mission. The advantage of the Multi-SAR-System is that it comprises ortho-rectification, radiometric enhancement, normalization and Kennaugh decomposition, independent from sensors, modes, polarizations or acquisition date of SAR data. In addition, optical satellite data can be included as well, to fill gaps where SAR data are missing due to the special normalization scheme. This kind of pre-processing is exclusively implemented at the Earth Observation Center of the German Aerospace Center in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. Therefore, the dynamic change of the open water of the Lake Tabalak could be classified over dry and rainy seasons and years, using different SAR data. The study provides a unique database and contributes to a better understanding of wetland systems in the Sahel region influenced by human pressure and climate change.

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Bertram, A., A. Wendleder, A. Schmitt, and M. Huber. "LONG-TERM MONITORING OF WATER DYNAMICS IN THE SAHEL REGION USING THE MULTI-SAR-SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-313-2016.

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Fresh water is a scarce resource in the West-African Sahel region, seasonally influenced by droughts and floods. Particularly in terms of climate change, the importance of wetlands increases for flora, fauna, human population, agriculture, livestock and fishery. Hence, access to open water is a key factor. Long-term monitoring of water dynamics is of great importance, especially with regard to the spatio-temporal extend of wetlands and drylands. It can predict future trends and facilitate the development of adequate management strategies. Lake Tabalak, a Ramsar wetland of international importance, is one of the most significant ponds in Niger and a refuge for waterbirds. Nevertheless, human population growth increased the pressure on this ecosystem, which is now degrading for all uses. The main objective of the study is a long-term monitoring of the Lake Tabalak’s water dynamics to delineate permanent and seasonal water bodies, using weather- and daytime-independent multi-sensor and multi-temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data available for the study area. Data of the following sensors from 1993 until 2016 are used: Sentinel-1A, TerraSARX, ALOS PALSAR-1/2, Envisat ASAR, RADARSAT-1/2, and ERS-1/2. All SAR data are processed with the Multi-SAR-System, unifying the different characteristics of all above mentioned sensors in terms of geometric, radiometric and polarimetric resolution to a consistent format. The polarimetric representation in Kennaugh elements allows fusing single-polarized data acquired by older sensors with multi-polarized data acquired by current sensors. The TANH-normalization guarantees a consistent and therefore comparable description in a closed data range in terms of radiometry. The geometric aspect is solved by projecting all images to an earth-fixed coordinate system correcting the brightness by the help of the incidence angle. The elevation model used in the geocoding step is the novel global model produced by the TanDEM-X satellite mission. The advantage of the Multi-SAR-System is that it comprises ortho-rectification, radiometric enhancement, normalization and Kennaugh decomposition, independent from sensors, modes, polarizations or acquisition date of SAR data. In addition, optical satellite data can be included as well, to fill gaps where SAR data are missing due to the special normalization scheme. This kind of pre-processing is exclusively implemented at the Earth Observation Center of the German Aerospace Center in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. Therefore, the dynamic change of the open water of the Lake Tabalak could be classified over dry and rainy seasons and years, using different SAR data. The study provides a unique database and contributes to a better understanding of wetland systems in the Sahel region influenced by human pressure and climate change.

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9

Suparmin, I. Ketut Budastra, and Tajidan. "Farmer household food security in two dimensions in Lombok, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1107, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1107/1/012093.

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Abstract Household food security is faced with two important problems, namely how to expand income sources and how to properly distribute their income for life necessities. The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparison of the distribution patterns of household income and expenditure of wetland farmers with dry land and to analyze the determinants that affect the household food security of wetland and dryland farmers in Lombok Island. The research design used a cross-sectional study with a survey method. The collected data will be analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods. In general, the qualitative data analysis used is policy analysis (program evaluation), institutional analysis, potential analysis, and priority determination of community-level problems. Qualitative data analysis was carried out through the process of filtering data, categorizing, concluding, and retesting. Quantitative data analysis used a logistic regression model. The results of the study concluded that: The sources of income of farmers in wetlands are more varied than those of dryland farmers. Meanwhile, wetland farmers household expenditures are relatively the same as wetland farmers. The food security of wetland farmer households (90%) is better than farmer households in dryland (83.3%). Meanwhile, wetland farmer household food insecurity is lower than wetland farmer households. The distribution pattern of wetland farmer household income comes from rice, and maize cultivation, while in dryland areas, it is sourced from rice, corn, and soybean farming. Distribution patterns Household expenditure of wetland and dryland farmers is divided into expenditures for food and non-food. The factors that determine household food security in dry and wetland areas are farmer household income.

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Leigh, Catherine, Fran Sheldon, Richard T. Kingsford, and Angela H. Arthington. "Sequential floods drive 'booms' and wetland persistence in dryland rivers: a synthesis." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 8 (2010): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10106.

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Flow is a key driver regulating processes and diversity in river systems across a range of temporal and spatial scales. In dryland rivers, variability in the timing and scale of floods has specific ecological significance, playing a major role in sustaining biotic diversity across the river-floodplain mosaic. However, longitudinal effects of floods are equally important, delivering water downstream through channels and wetland complexes. Interaction among spatially distributed wetlands, their connecting channel and floodplain geomorphology and the temporally variable flow events not only creates the spatial complexity in dryland rivers but also determines temporal persistence of wetlands. These act as hydrological ‘sponges’, absorbing water from upstream and needing to fill before releasing water downstream. Sequential high flow events are essential for the ecological persistence of riverine wetlands and the transmission of flows further downstream through the channel network. These flood sequences maintain aquatic refugia and drive booms in productivity sustaining aquatic and terrestrial biota over large spatial and temporal scales. Disrupting the sequence, with modified flow regimes and water removal for diversion (e.g. irrigation), significantly reduces the opportunity for wetland replenishment. As a result, the benefits of sequential flooding to the wetland ‘sponges’ and their biotic communities will be lost.

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Broich, M., A. Huete, M. G. Tulbure, X. Ma, Q. Xin, M. Paget, N. Restrepo-Coupe, K. Davies, R. Devadas, and A. Held. "Land surface phenological response to decadal climate variability across Australia using satellite remote sensing." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 5 (May 28, 2014): 7685–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-7685-2014.

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Abstract. Land surface phenological cycles of vegetation greening and browning are influenced by variability in climatic forcing. Quantitative information on phenological cycles and their variability is important for agricultural applications, wildfire fuel accumulation, land management, land surface modeling, and climate change studies. Most phenology studies have focused on temperature-driven Northern Hemisphere systems, where phenology shows annually reoccurring patterns. Yet, precipitation-driven non-annual phenology of arid and semi-arid systems (i.e. drylands) received much less attention, despite the fact that they cover more than 30% of the global land surface. Here we focused on Australia, the driest inhabited continent with one of the most variable rainfall climates in the world and vast areas of dryland systems. Detailed and internally consistent studies investigating phenological cycles and their response to climate variability across the entire continent designed specifically for Australian dryland conditions are missing. To fill this knowledge gap and to advance phenological research, we used existing methods more effectively to study geographic and climate-driven variability in phenology over Australia. We linked derived phenological metrics with rainfall and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). We based our analysis on Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2000 to 2013, which included extreme drought and wet years. We conducted a continent-wide investigation of the link between phenology and climate variability and a more detailed investigation over the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), the primary agricultural area and largest river catchment of Australia. Results showed high inter- and intra-annual variability in phenological cycles. Phenological cycle peaks occurred not only during the austral summer but at any time of the year, and their timing varied by more than a month in the interior of the continent. The phenological cycle peak magnitude and integrated greenness were most significantly correlated with monthly SOI within the preceding 12 months. Correlation patterns occurred primarily over north-eastern Australia and within the MDB predominantly over natural land cover and particularly in floodplain and wetland areas. Integrated greenness of the phenological cycles (surrogate of productivity) showed positive anomalies of more than two standard deviations over most of eastern Australia in 2009–2010, which coincided with the transition between the El Niño induced decadal droughts to flooding caused by La Niña. The quantified spatial-temporal variability in phenology across Australia in response to climate variability presented here provides important information for land management and climate change studies and applications.

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Lamontagne, S., W. S. Hicks, R. W. Fitzpatrick, and S. Rogers. "Sulfidic materials in dryland river wetlands." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 8 (2006): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06057.

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Due to a combination of river regulation, dryland salinity and irrigation return, lower River Murray floodplains (Australia) and associated wetlands are undergoing salinisation. It was hypothesised that salinisation would provide suitable conditions for the accumulation of sulfidic materials (soils and sediments enriched in sulfides, such as pyrite) in these wetlands. A survey of nine floodplain wetlands representing a salinity gradient from fresh to hypersaline determined that surface sediment sulfide concentrations varied from <0.05% to ~1%. Saline and permanently flooded wetlands tended to have greater sulfide concentrations than freshwater ones or those with more regular wetting–drying regimes. The acidification risk associated with the sulfidic materials was evaluated using field peroxide oxidations tests and laboratory measurements of net acid generation potential. Although sulfide concentration was elevated in many wetlands, the acidification risk was low because of elevated carbonate concentration (up to 30% as CaCO3) in the sediments. One exception was Bottle Bend Lagoon (New South Wales), which had acidified during a draw-down event in 2002 and was found to have both actual and potential acid sulfate soils at the time of the survey (2003). Potential acid sulfate soils also occurred locally in the hypersaline Loveday Disposal Basin. The other environmental risks associated with sulfidic materials could not be reliably evaluated because no guideline exists to assess them. These include the deoxygenation risk following sediment resuspension and the generation of foul odours during drying events. The remediation of wetland salinity in the Murray–Darling Basin will require that the risks associated with disturbing sulfidic materials during management actions be evaluated.

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Broich, M., A. Huete, M. G. Tulbure, X. Ma, Q. Xin, M. Paget, N. Restrepo-Coupe, K. Davies, R. Devadas, and A. Held. "Land surface phenological response to decadal climate variability across Australia using satellite remote sensing." Biogeosciences 11, no. 18 (September 29, 2014): 5181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5181-2014.

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Abstract. Land surface phenological cycles of vegetation greening and browning are influenced by variability in climatic forcing. Quantitative spatial information on phenological cycles and their variability is important for agricultural applications, wildfire fuel accumulation, land management, land surface modeling, and climate change studies. Most phenology studies have focused on temperature-driven Northern Hemisphere systems, where phenology shows annually recurring patterns. However, precipitation-driven non-annual phenology of arid and semi-arid systems (i.e., drylands) received much less attention, despite the fact that they cover more than 30% of the global land surface. Here, we focused on Australia, a continent with one of the most variable rainfall climates in the world and vast areas of dryland systems, where a detailed phenological investigation and a characterization of the relationship between phenology and climate variability are missing. To fill this knowledge gap, we developed an algorithm to characterize phenological cycles, and analyzed geographic and climate-driven variability in phenology from 2000 to 2013, which included extreme drought and wet years. We linked derived phenological metrics to rainfall and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). We conducted a continent-wide investigation and a more detailed investigation over the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), the primary agricultural area and largest river catchment of Australia. Results showed high inter- and intra-annual variability in phenological cycles across Australia. The peak of phenological cycles occurred not only during the austral summer, but also at any time of the year, and their timing varied by more than a month in the interior of the continent. The magnitude of the phenological cycle peak and the integrated greenness were most significantly correlated with monthly SOI within the preceding 12 months. Correlation patterns occurred primarily over northeastern Australia and within the MDB, predominantly over natural land cover and particularly in floodplain and wetland areas. Integrated greenness of the phenological cycles (surrogate of vegetation productivity) showed positive anomalies of more than 2 standard deviations over most of eastern Australia in 2009–2010, which coincided with the transition from the El Niño-induced decadal droughts to flooding caused by La Niña.

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Mandishona, Emmah, and Jasper Knight. "Feedbacks and Trade-Offs in the Use of Wetland Ecosystem Services by Local Communities in Rural Zimbabwe." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031789.

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Rural wetlands, especially in developing countries, have been exploited for different ecosystem services because they are considered safety nets for food production and are important for livelihood strategies and human wellbeing. However, there are gaps in knowledge of the ecosystem services provided by small, valley bottom wetlands, especially in dryland areas and how these services are used and managed by local communities. This study focuses on the ecosystem services of valley bottom wetlands in Zindi, the Honde Valley, in rural eastern Zimbabwe. Ethnographic observations of wetland users’ activities and individual interviews with local residents and village heads were undertaken in this study, focusing on how people make use of the different ecosystem services that are derived from these wetlands. Results show that the wetlands are mainly utilised for provisioning services, but that these are related to the availability and properties of supporting and regulatory services in the wetland environment. All of these services are also strongly mediated by the traditional cultural contexts and values held by local communities. The results show that the exploitation of some ecosystem services leads to negative impacts on the availability or properties of others, and this means that there are trade-offs in the uses and management by individuals and communities as a whole. These feedbacks and trade-offs are not well explored in most studies but are critical in considering community responses to changing wetland resources, in particular under climate change. This study recommends that policymakers should include small and often hitherto overlooked wetlands in their management plans, since they are critical for supporting rural livelihoods. It is also important that wetland management plans aim to improve the range and sustainability of ecosystem services available and avoid the need for unnecessary trade-offs in their use by local communities.

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Sjah, Taslim, Iketut Budastra, Halil, I. Gusti Lanang Parta Tanaya, Wuryantoro, Ni Luh Sri Supartiningsih, and Sri Maryati. "Risks of farming in wetland and dryland of North Lombok: Types, levels, and management." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1107, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1107/1/012053.

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Abstract North Lombok farming, as other businesses, is hurdled with risks, resulting in lower production and income and threats to food security. This paper presents the risks of farming in North Lombok, Indonesia, in terms of its types, levels, and management. Data for these were collected through a series of interviews with agricultural producers on wetlands and dryland in North Lombok Regency, Indonesia. Interviews were carried out in face to face and semi-structured mode, allowing for a more qualitative understanding of collected information on the topics researched. Dryland and wetland were selected to enable comparisons of the two types of land. Data for this study were analyzed accordingly, quantitatively and qualitatively, to achieve the stated research objectives. The study revealed that farming in wetland and dryland of North Lombok, Indonesia, faced various risks in different levels and therefore required specific management of each type of risk. Overall, risks in farming need to be managed by reducing or eliminating the risks in order to keep farming running or sustainable. When farming is running well, with no or fewer hurdles, then farming becomes more productive and helps improve the state of food security in the region or elsewhere.

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Higgisson, William, Linda Broadhurst, Foyez Shams, Bernd Gruber, and Fiona Dyer. "Reproductive Strategies and Population Genetic Structure in Two Dryland River Floodplain Plants, Marsilea drummondii and Eleocharis acuta." Genes 13, no. 9 (August 23, 2022): 1506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13091506.

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Aquatic plants share a range of convergent reproductive strategies, such as the ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually through vegetative growth. In dryland river systems, floodplain inundation is infrequent and irregular, and wetlands consist of discrete and unstable habitat patches. In these systems, life history strategies such as long-distance dispersal, seed longevity, self-fertilisation, and reproduction from vegetative propagules are important strategies that allow plants to persist. Using two aquatic plants, Marsilea drummondii and Eleocharis acuta, we investigated the proportions of sexual and asexual reproduction and self-fertilisation by employing next-generation sequencing approaches, and we used this information to understand the population genetic structure of a large inland floodplain in western New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Asexual vegetative reproduction and self-fertilisation were more common in M. drummondii, but both species used sexual reproduction as the main mode of reproduction. This resulted in a highly differentiated genetic structure between wetlands and a similar genetic structure within wetlands. The similarity in genetic structure was influenced by the wetland in the two species, highlighting the influence of the floodplain landscape and hydrology on structuring population genetic structure. The high levels of genetic variation among wetlands and the low variation within wetlands suggests that dispersal and pollination occur within close proximity and that gene flow is restricted. This suggests a reliance on locally sourced (persistent) seed, rather than asexual (clonal) reproduction or recolonisation via dispersal, for the population maintenance of plants in dryland rivers. This highlights the importance of floodplain inundation to promote seed germination, establishment, and reproduction in dryland regions.

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Sedel'nikova, T. S. "Development of caryological and molecular-genetic investigations of wetland and dryland populations of conifers." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 23 (September 9, 2018): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v23.1046.

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Aim. On the basis of studies which carried out by various authors, regularities of karyotypic and genetic divergence of populations of conifers growing in wetlands and dry lands are analyzed. Methods. The karyological and molecular-genetic methods of analysis are used. Results. Data are obtained on possible ways of evolution of karyotypes, consisting in changes in the number of chromosomes, the size and morphology of chromosomes, the number of secondary constrictions in chromosomes, the spectrum of chromosome rearrangements, and the frequency of their occurrence, distinguishing wetland populations of conifers species from dry land ones. With the help of isozyme markers and markers of nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes differences in the genetic structure of conifers populations from wetlands and dry lands are revealed. Conclusions. The genotypic structure of conifers species in wetlands and dry lands, caused by different vector of natural selection in contrasting ecological conditions of growth, differs significantly, and their karyotypic and genetic differentiation corresponds to the level of populations and groups of populations. Keywords: populations of conifers, wetlands, dry lands, karyological and molecular-genetic markers.

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Whalley, R. D. B., J. N. Price, M. J. Macdonald, and P. J. Berney. "Drivers of change in the Social-Ecological Systems of the Gwydir Wetlands and Macquarie Marshes in northern New South Wales, Australia." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 2 (2011): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj11002.

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The Murray–Darling Basin is a Social-Ecological System (SES) of major importance to Australia and includes extensive wetland areas in the north-western parts of New South Wales. The Gwydir Wetlands and the Macquarie Marshes are the particular focus of this paper. These two wetland SES have undergone five successive adaptive cycles (phases) since they were first visited by Europeans in the early 19th century and the ecological, economic and social drivers initiating each transformation to a new cycle are described and analysed. The arrival of the European settlers with their domestic livestock rapidly displaced the Indigenous SES and the wetlands were extensively grazed; during wet periods the livestock were moved out of the wetlands and moved back in as the water receded. More recent land-use changes resulted from the building of major dams to enable storage of water for use in irrigated agriculture. A consequence of dam construction and water use has been a reduction in the frequency and extent of flooding, which has allowed many parts of the wetlands to be continually grazed. Furthermore, as machinery capable of cultivating the very heavy textured soils became available, dryland cropping became a major enterprise in areas of the floodplain where the likelihood of flooding was reduced. With the reduction in flooding, these wetland sites have been seriously degraded. The final phase has seen the invasion by an exotic weed, lippia [Phyla canescens (Kunth) Greene], which is a perennial that grows mat-like between other species of plants and spreads to produce a virtually mono-specific stand. The domestic livestock carrying capacity of the land becomes more or less zero and the conservation value of the wetlands is also dramatically decreased. Therefore, we suggest that lippia should be classed as an ecosystem engineer that has caused the latest transformation of these wetland SES and suggest research directions to investigate how they can be managed to revert to a state in which lippia is no longer dominant.

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Bashforth, Arden R., William A. DiMichele, Cortland F. Eble, and W. John Nelson. "Dryland vegetation from the Middle Pennsylvanian of Indiana (Illinois Basin): the dryland biome in glacioeustatic, paleobiogeographic, and paleoecologic context." Journal of Paleontology 90, no. 5 (September 2016): 785–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.25.

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AbstractA macrofloral assemblage dominated by elements of the Euramerican dryland biome is described from the Brazil Formation in Clay County, Indiana (Illinois Basin). Fossils were recovered from a thin heterolithic unit between a shallow-marine bed and the paleosol beneath the Minshall Coal, a Middle Pennsylvanian succession deposited near the Atokan-Desmoinesian and Bolsovian-Asturian boundaries. Sedimentological indicators imply accumulation under a seasonal climate, including interbedded siltstone and sandstone deposited during flashfloods, intraclasts eroded from local sources, and charcoal produced by wildfires. The macrofloral assemblage is consistent with a dryland setting, being dominated by large, coriaceous gymnosperm leaves with mesic to xeric traits, includingCordaitesspp. indet.,Lesleyasp. indet., andTaeniopterissp. cf.T. multinervia. Sphenopsids and ferns typical of the wetland biome are rare. In contrast, the microfloral assemblage is dominated by fern spores, with lesser lycopsid spores and cordaitalean pollen. The succession indicates that the dryland biome predominated during late regression, prior to the onset of perhumid conditions that resulted in peat accumulation at late lowstand. However, the abundance of palynomorphs from wetland vegetation implies gradual fragmentation of the prevailing dryland flora and replacement by the wetland biome in the transition to glacial maximum. The taphonomic and paleobiogeographic context confirms that floras adapted to seasonal moisture deficit periodically dispersed into tropical lowlands, rather than being transported from ‘extrabasinal’ or ‘upland’ environments. The precocious occurrence ofTaeniopteris, more typical of Late Pennsylvanian and Permian floras, may be the earliest record of the fossil-genus, and exemplifies the association of derived plant taxa with dryland habitats. The predominance of broad-leaved gymnosperms with mesic to xeric characters suggests that dryland communities contained more slow-growing and long-lived plants than contemporaneous wetland floras.

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Kurnia, Rian, Trisna Insan Noor, Eliana Wulandari, and Meddy Rachmadi. "KELAYAKAN USAHATANI KEDELAI DI LAHAN DARAT DAN LAHAN SAWAH." Mimbar Agribisnis: Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis 5, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/ma.v5i2.2390.

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This study aims to determine the feasibility of Soybean farming in dryland and paddy fields land in the Jatiwaras Subdistrict, Tasikmalaya Regency. The method used in this study is the survey method, while the data used consists of primary data and secondary data. Determination of sample farmers using the multistage cluster random sampling method. The number of respondents was taken as many as 36 farmers who were divided by farmers on 21 farmers on dryland and 15 farmers on wetland. The results of this study indicate that soybean farming in dryland is more feasible to cultivate with a value of R/C 1.98 while the value of R / C in wetland is 1.62.

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Rouillard, A., G. Skrzypek, S. Dogramaci, C. Turney, and P. F. Grierson. "Impacts of high inter-annual variability of rainfall on a century of extreme hydrologic regime of northwest Australia." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 4 (April 29, 2015): 2057–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2057-2015.

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Abstract. Long-term hydrologic records provide crucial reference baselines of natural variability that can be used to evaluate potential changes in hydrologic regimes and their impacts. However, there is a dearth of studies of the hydrologic regimes for tropical drylands where intraseasonal and interannual variability in magnitude and frequency of precipitation are extreme. Here, we sought to identify the main hydroclimatic determinants of the strongly episodic flood regime of a large catchment in the semi-arid, subtropical northwest of Australia and to establish the background of hydrologic variability for the region over the last century. We used a monthly sequence of satellite images to quantify surface water expression on the Fortescue Marsh, the largest water feature of inland northwest Australia, from 1988 to 2012. We used this sequence together with instrumental rainfall data to build a statistical model with multiple linear regression and reconstruct monthly history of floods and droughts since 1912. We found that severe and intense regional rainfall events, as well as the sequence of recharge events both within and between years, determine surface water expression on the floodplain (i.e. total rainfall, number of rain days and carried-over inundated area; R2adj = 0.79; p value < 0.001, ERMSP = 56 km2). The most severe reconstructed inundation over the last century was in March 2000 (1000 km2), which is less than the 1300 km2 area required to overflow to the adjacent catchment. The Fortescue Marsh was completely dry for 32% of all years, for periods of up to four consecutive years. Extremely wet years (seven of the 100 years) caused the Marsh to remain inundated for up to 12 months; only 25% of years (9% of all months) had floods of greater than 300 km2. The prolonged, severe and consecutive yearly inundations between 1999 and 2006 were unprecedented compared to the last century. While there is high inter-annual variability in the system, if the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events for the region were to increase (or be similar to 1999–2006), surface water on the Marsh will become more persistent, in turn impacting its structure and functioning as a wetland.

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Cai, Baofeng, Yang Zhang, Xianen Wang, and Yu Li. "An Optimization Model for a Wetland Restoration Project under Uncertainty." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 2795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122795.

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Restoring natural wetlands with conservation projects is an urgent task for human well-being. This paper introduces the Interval linear programming (ILP) method in wetland restoration projects for the first time and builds an optimization model. The purpose of the optimization model is to find an optimal restoration measures allocation pattern that can minimize the total investment in wetland restoration projects and obtain additional ecological environment and socio-economic benefits. The optimization model can also decrease the influence of interval uncertainty in the system by expressing the executed solution as interval numbers with an upper bound and a lower bound. The result of the optimization model for the wetland restoration project indicated a range of 6.84%–15.43% reduction on comparison with the original scheme which verified the effectiveness and validity of this optimization model. Our findings indicate that higher ecological and social benefits of wetland restoration projects can be achieved with lower restoration investment on the application of the reasonable and optimal restoration measures allocation pattern by the optimization model. The results of interval solutions can provide guidance for project managers to select a satisfactory decision-making plan by adjusting the decision variables in the interval solutions according to the practical situation. It can be seen that reeds were suggested to be planted over 46.75 km2, with the same lower bound and higher bound. Meanwhile, populus euphratica, and dryland willow were recommended to be planted in a mixed forest pattern within the interval of 30.54 km2 to 37.25 km2, and so forth. With the optimal solutions obtained from the model, the total project investment would be in the range of 2193.14 (104 CNY) to 2416.01 (104 CNY). Future improvements of our optimization model in wetland restoration projects should consider other kinds of uncertainties in the system such as stochastic uncertainties, fuzzy uncertainties, and integrated uncertainties.

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Sandi, Steven G., Patricia M. Saco, Neil Saintilan, Li Wen, Gerardo Riccardi, George Kuczera, Garry Willgoose, and José F. Rodríguez. "Detecting inundation thresholds for dryland wetland vulnerability." Advances in Water Resources 128 (June 2019): 168–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.04.016.

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Chamberlain, Debbie A., Stuart R. Phinn, and Hugh P. Possingham. "Mangrove Forest Cover and Phenology with Landsat Dense Time Series in Central Queensland, Australia." Remote Sensing 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 3032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13153032.

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Wetlands are one of the most biologically productive ecosystems. Wetland ecosystem services, ranging from provision of food security to climate change mitigation, are enormous, far outweighing those of dryland ecosystems per hectare. However, land use change and water regulation infrastructure have reduced connectivity in many river systems and with floodplain and estuarine wetlands. Mangrove forests are critical communities for carbon uptake and storage, pollution control and detoxification, and regulation of natural hazards. Although the clearing of mangroves in Australia is strictly regulated, Great Barrier Reef catchments have suffered landscape modifications and hydrological alterations that can kill mangroves. We used remote sensing datasets to investigate land cover change and both intra- and inter-annual seasonality in mangrove forests in a large estuarine region of Central Queensland, Australia, which encompasses a national park and Ramsar Wetland, and is adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage site. We built a time series using spectral, auxiliary, and phenology variables with Landsat surface reflectance products, accessed in Google Earth Engine. Two land cover classes were generated (mangrove versus non-mangrove) in a Random Forest classification. Mangroves decreased by 1480 hectares (−2.31%) from 2009 to 2019. The overall classification accuracies and Kappa coefficient for 2008–2010 and 2018–2020 land cover maps were 95% and 95%, respectively. Using an NDVI-based time series we examined intra- and inter-annual seasonality with linear and harmonic regression models, and second with TIMESAT metrics of mangrove forests in three sections of our study region. Our findings suggest a relationship between mangrove growth phenology along with precipitation anomalies and severe tropical cyclone occurrence over the time series. The detection of responses to extreme events is important to improve understanding of the connections between climate, extreme weather events, and biodiversity in estuarine and mangrove ecosystems.

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Tencer, Yoram, Gil Idan, Marjorie Strom, Uri Nusinow, Dorit Banet, Eli Cohen, Peter Schröder, et al. "Establishment of a constructed wetland in extreme dryland." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 16, no. 7 (September 3, 2009): 862–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-009-0232-3.

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Tooth, Stephen. "The geomorphology of wetlands in drylands: Resilience, nonresilience, or …?" Geomorphology 305 (March 2018): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.10.017.

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Williams, W. D. "Conservation of wetlands in drylands: a key global issue." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 9, no. 6 (November 1999): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0755(199911/12)9:6<517::aid-aqc383>3.0.co;2-c.

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Williams, W. D. "Biodiversity in temporary wetlands of dryland regions." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 27, no. 1 (April 2000): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1998.11901214.

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Sandi, Steven G., Patricia M. Saco, Jose F. Rodriguez, Neil Saintilan, Li Wen, George Kuczera, Gerardo Riccardi, and Garry Willgoose. "Patch organization and resilience of dryland wetlands." Science of The Total Environment 726 (July 2020): 138581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138581.

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Parra, Gema, Francisco Guerrero, Javier Armengol, Luc Brendonck, Sandra Brucet, C. Max Finlayson, Luciana Gomes-Barbosa, et al. "The future of temporary wetlands in drylands under global change." Inland Waters 11, no. 4 (October 2, 2021): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2021.1936865.

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Bowman, DMJS, and L. Mcdonough. "Feral Pig (Sus Scrofa) Rooting in a Monsoon Forest-Wetland Transition, Northern Australia." Wildlife Research 18, no. 6 (1991): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910761.

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A grid of 447 cells (each 50x50 m) was set up in a wet monsoon rain forest on a gradual slope above the Adelaide River floodplain in the Australian Northern Territory. Surveys of pig (Sus scrofa) rooting were carried out at approximately 3-month intervals from November 1988 to September 1989. The pigs had only limited effects on the forest in both the wet and dry seasons. The seasonally flooded swamp communities (Melaleuca forest and sedgeland) were primarily exploited in the dry season; dryland communities ([Eucalyptus] and Lophostemon forests) were exploited during the wet season. Rainfall during the previous wet season may have influenced the pattern of rooting in the dryland forests. Rooting and ground cover were weakly positively related in 3 out of the 4 surveys.

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DiMichele, William A. "Wetland-Dryland Vegetational Dynamics in the Pennsylvanian Ice Age Tropics." International Journal of Plant Sciences 175, no. 2 (February 2014): 123–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/675235.

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Adie, M. Muchlish, Yuliantoro Baliadi, Eriyanto Yusnawan, Andy Wijanarko, and Ayda Krisnawati. "Performance of Soybean Genotypes in the Acidic Dryland and Wetland." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 12, no. 5 (September 22, 2022): 1812. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.12.5.12720.

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Dimichele, William A., Arden R. Bashforth, Cortland F. Eble, and W. John Nelson. "A Middle Pennsylvanian (early Asturian) tropical dry forest, Atokan-Desmoinesian boundary, Illinois Basin, USA." Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 31, no. 1 (April 25, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/sjp.31.1.17139.

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Six late Atokan (early Asturian) floras from seasonally dry environments are described and quantitatively analysed from adpressions and palynomorphs. Collections are from the eastern margin of the Illinois Basin, USA, in an 80 km N-S transect. Plant fossils occur in sedimentary rocks below the underclay (paleosol) of the Minshall-Buffaloville Coal Member (thus, not “roof-shale” assemblages), uppermost Brazil Formation. Growth of floras under season dryness is indicated by outcrop and lithological features that suggest deposition in flashy discharge streams, including intraformational conglomerates, plant fossils that cross bedding planes indicating rapid, episodic burial, and local rhythmically laminated sediments. Common charcoal clasts are consistent with seasonal climate. Cordaitalean foliage dominates the macroflora, accompanied by the dryland elements Lesleya sp., Taeniopteris sp. cf. T. multinervia, and Sphenopteridium sp. Two unusual forms of foliage are presumed to be rare or novel dryland species. Small numbers of wetland/periwetland taxa include calamitaleans, Linopteris neuropteroides, Karinopteris/Eusphenopteris sp., marattialean fern foliage, Senftenbergia plumosa, cf. Zeilleria avoldensis and Sphenopteris sp. The palynoflora is dominated by marattialean tree ferns, wetland plants with broad dispersal capacities and environmental tolerances. Subdominant elements also have strong wetland affinities. Palynoflora-macroflora mismatches may reflect primary ecology, palynomorph reworking, or both. The occurrence of these floras near the Atokan-Desmoinesian (~ Bolsovian-Asturian) boundary coincides with an array of physical and geochemical data that indicate change from weak rainfall seasonality to marked seasonality at all phases of glacial-interglacial cycles, reflected prominently in the stratigraphic record from the localities studied.

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Reynoso, Mauricio A., Kaisa Kajala, Marko Bajic, Donnelly A. West, Germain Pauluzzi, Andrew I. Yao, Kathryn Hatch, et al. "Evolutionary flexibility in flooding response circuitry in angiosperms." Science 365, no. 6459 (September 19, 2019): 1291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax8862.

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Flooding due to extreme weather threatens crops and ecosystems. To understand variation in gene regulatory networks activated by submergence, we conducted a high-resolution analysis of chromatin accessibility and gene expression at three scales of transcript control in four angiosperms, ranging from a dryland-adapted wild species to a wetland crop. The data define a cohort of conserved submergence-activated genes with signatures of overlapping cis regulation by four transcription factor families. Syntenic genes are more highly expressed than nonsyntenic genes, yet both can have the cis motifs and chromatin accessibility associated with submergence up-regulation. Whereas the flexible circuitry spans the eudicot-monocot divide, the frequency of specific cis motifs, extent of chromatin accessibility, and degree of submergence activation are more prevalent in the wetland crop and may have adaptive importance.

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MacIvor, J. Scott, Melissa A. Ranalli, and Jeremy T. Lundholm. "Performance of dryland and wetland plant species on extensive green roofs." Annals of Botany 107, no. 4 (February 2, 2011): 671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcr007.

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Kissoon, La Toya T., Donna L. Jacob, and Marinus L. Otte. "Multiple elements in Typha angustifolia rhizosphere and plants: Wetland versus dryland." Environmental and Experimental Botany 72, no. 2 (September 2011): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.03.010.

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Kadhim, Marwah Moojid. "Monitoring Land Cover Change Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques: a Case Study of Al-Dalmaj Marsh, Iraq." Journal of Engineering 24, no. 9 (August 30, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2018.09.07.

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Al-Dalmaj marsh and the near surrounding area is a very promising area for energy resources, tourism, agricultural and industrial activities. Over the past century, the Al-Dalmaje marsh and near surroundings area endrous from a number of changes. The current study highlights the spatial and temporal changes detection in land cover for Al-Dalmaj marsh and near surroundings area using different analyses methods the supervised maximum likelihood classification method, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Geographic Information Systems(GIS), and Remote Sensing (RS). Techniques spectral indices were used in this study to determine the change of wetlands and drylands area and of other land classes, through analyses Landsat images for different three years (1990, 2003, 2016). The results indicated that there was an annual increase in vegetation was from 1990 with 980.68 km2, and 1420.35km2 in 2003 to 2072.98km2 in 2016. Whereas, the annual water coverage was about 185.95km2 in 1990 then dropped to 68.27km2 in 2003, and rose to 180.23 km2 in 2016. The water coverage increasing was on the account of barren lands areas, which were significantly decreased. These collected data can be used to deliver accurate information of the values of vegetation,water, wetlands and drylands sustainability of resources which can be used to make plans to increase tourism and protected areas by using barren lands which cannot be reclaimed for agriculture, and cultivate a new renewable energy can be set up as solar power stations.

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Kissoon, La Toya T., Donna L. Jacob, and Marinus L. Otte. "Multi-element accumulation near Rumex crispus roots under wetland and dryland conditions." Environmental Pollution 158, no. 5 (May 2010): 1834–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.11.001.

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McKenna, Owen P., and Osvaldo E. Sala. "Playa-Wetlands Effects on Dryland Biogeochemistry: Space and Time Interactions." Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 123, no. 6 (June 2018): 1879–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2017jg004176.

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Haller, Tobias. "From commons to resilience grabbing: Insights from historically-oriented social anthropological research on African peasants." Continuity and Change 37, no. 1 (May 2022): 69–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026841602200011x.

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AbstractThis paper aims to show the relevance that institutions governing common-pool resources (CPRs) play in peasant resilience. It outlines nine variables for resilience taken from socio-economic and ecological anthropological theories focusing on subsistence and minimax strategies and used for the comparative historical analysis of African case studies. These include drylands (Morocco, Ghana), semi-arid areas (Sierra Leone, Malawi, Tanzania) and wetlands (Cameroon, Kenya, Zambia). The variables could be found under pre-colonial common property but were no longer operating during colonial and postcolonial institutional change from common to state property and privatisation via land grabbing, leading to commons and resilience grabbing.

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Puckridge, J. T., J. F. Costelloe, and J. R. W. Reid. "Ecological responses to variable water regimes in arid-zone wetlands: Coongie Lakes, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 8 (2010): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09069.

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In dryland rivers, interactions between flow variability and complex geomorphology expose floodplain wetlands to long-term patterns of flooding and drying and highly variable short-term events. We consider whether the abundance and diversity of fish, macroinvertebrate and zooplankton communities in wetlands of the Coongie Lakes complex are influenced by long-term water regimes. To relate biological changes to changes in water regime, mean values of assemblage indices were ranked and correlated against ranked frequency of drying (i.e. water retention) in each waterbody. As water-retention time increased, fish species diversity (richness, evenness) and disease incidence rose, and fish species dominance and macroinvertebrate abundance decreased. The more mobile species of fish utilised the habitats and food resources provided by newly flooded waterbodies. We conclude that fish populations utilise wetlands with a variety of water regimes, and reductions in the frequency of inundation will decrease fish diversity with sequential losses of less mobile species.

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Takami, Shinichi, Sayeed Ahmad, Neil C. Turner, Tohru Kobata, and John C. O'Toole. "Changes at panicle emergence in the water relations of a wetland and a dryland Japonica rice cultivar under wetland conditions." Physiologia Plantarum 69, no. 4 (April 1987): 586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1987.tb01970.x.

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Field, Julie S., and Michael W. Graves. "A New Chronology for Pololu Valley, Hawai'i Island: Occupational History and Agricultural Development." Radiocarbon 50, no. 2 (2008): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220003352x.

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A reanalysis of the chronology of Pololu Valley, located in the district of Kohala on Hawai'i Island, is presented using standard radiocarbon and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating. Using curated materials from the 1970s, Pololu is reassessed and found to have the earliest coastal occupations in this part of Hawai'i, beginning about AD 1300. Occupations at the dunes and in the valley interior are investigated, as are dryland and wetland field agricultural systems. These data provide a refined model for expansion and intensification of agricultural production in the 15th–17th centuries, and link this remote valley to demographic and sociopolitical trends that were occurring in the rest of Hawai'i.

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Boudell, Jere A., and Juliet C. Stromberg. "Impact of nitrate enrichment on wetland and dryland seed germination and early seedling development." Journal of Vegetation Science 26, no. 3 (January 7, 2015): 452–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12258.

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Aristin, Nevy Farista, and Agus Purnomo. "The Development of Monograph: Lahan dan Petani as Learning Materials of Agricultural Geography." Tadris: Jurnal Keguruan dan Ilmu Tarbiyah 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/tadris.v6i2.10416.

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Improving the quality of learning in the current 4.0 education era can be done through learning materials, one of which is monographs. According to their learning achievements, monographs can increase students' insights based on relevant literature studies and the latest research results following scientific developments. This monograph can support agriculture in Indonesia in the Agricultural Geography. It helps students in applicative ways to understand material related to the use of dryland, especially for students who live where the use of agricultural land is in the form of wetlands or swamps. This study aimed to develop a monograph of Lahan dan Petani as a learning material for agricultural geography using the Sadiman model. In this study, validation tests were carried out by material and media experts who are competent in their fields. The developed monograph was declared feasible as a reference book to support the Agricultural Geography course. It can contribute to education, especially in increasing students' knowledge contextually about dryland agriculture.

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Zöckler, Christoph, Solofo Ndrina Razanamahenina, and Matthias Markolf. "A rapid assessment of waterbirds and the mangrove status in the Menabe Antimena Protected Area, Madagascar." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 17895–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6662.13.3.17895-17905.

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Mangroves are of great ecological importance that provide multiple ecosystem services, shelter, and habitat for many threatened waterbird species. The mangroves of the Menabe Antimena Protected Area (MANAP) in western Madagascar are among the most extensive remaining on the island. The remaining dryland forests of the MANAP have been subjected to immense deforestation in recent years. Although remote sensing studies indicate that the mangrove forest loss is considerably lower than the dryland forest loss, little is known about the mangroves’ degradation status. Furthermore, detailed information on bird diversity and numbers is scattered, and previous surveys focused on northern parts of the MANAP, recently designated as the Wetlands of the Tsiribihina RAMSAR site. This study aims to assess bird diversity and abundance, as well as the status of mangroves in the MANAP. We conducted a rapid survey using direct observations at three sites along the coastal regions of the MANAP from 24 Sep–2 Oct 2019. We recorded 71 species of birds in the mangroves and coastal wetlands. High numbers of individuals were counted for several species. Numbers of the Madagascar Plover Charadrius thoracicus and the Madagascar Teal Anas bernieri fulfill criteria for important bird areas at single survey sites and the site is likely to be of importance for Madagascar Sacred Ibis Threskiornis bernieri; these three species are all globally threatened. Mangrove degradation is still limited, but numerous threats to mangroves are present. Our results highlight the importance of the mangroves of the MANAP for several endemic bird species in Madagascar. We provide recommendations for conservation management and future research.

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Brouwer, Joost, Hamadou Amadou Abdoul Kader, and Thomas Sommerhalter. "Wetlands help maintain wetland and dryland biodiversity in the Sahel, but that role is under threat: an example from 80 years of changes at Lake Tabalak in Niger." Biodiversity 15, no. 2-3 (July 3, 2014): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2014.934714.

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Shields, Christopher. "Submicron Filtration Media." International Nonwovens Journal os-14, no. 3 (September 2005): 1558925005os—14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925005os-1400305.

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Biopharmaceutical processes, membrane pretreatment, water purification and food and beverage applications all require fine filtration. There are many different types of filter media that can be used for these applications. The types of media vary by materials of construction, processing method and performance characteristics. Each process produces a media with unique properties that have advantages in different applications. These industries have traditionally relied on membranes for their submicron filtration needs. Nonwoven media have not been successful in finer filtration applications due to the relatively large fibers that are produced or the technical and/or operational difficulties in producing fine fiber media. A significant amount of research has been expended over the last few years on developing high efficiency wetlaid media and producing fine diameter synthetic fibers in drylaid operations. Nonwoven media have begun to compete with membranes and other separation technologies in these fine filtration applications. High efficiency nonwoven media composites have equivalent efficiency as many types of membranes but with significantly higher dirt holding capacity or life. This paper will discuss the different types of wetlaid, drylaid and membrane media available for submicron filtration and compare their methods of construction, performance and cost.

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Komariah, Komariah, K. Santoso, and C. I. L. Siahaan. "Karakteristik Reproduksi dan Perbedaan Respon Fisiologis Kerbau di Lahan Basah dan Lahan Kering di Kabupaten Serang Banten." Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.7.2.67-74.

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Abstract:

Buffalo has a higher level of adaptation than cows. The buffalo adaptation form at different locations will affect the physiological and reproduction of buffalo, so it is necessary to know buffalo adaptation on the characteristics of wetlands and dry land. This research was conducted in May to June 2017 in Kabupaten Serang, Banten. The variables observed in this research are buffalo reproduction, breeders socioeconomic, and physiological response of livestock. There were analyzed by SPSS. The results of this study indicated that buffalo reproduction characteristics in wetlands and dryland were as follows: first estrus was 22.71 ± 7.87 and 29.18 ± 11.79 months, first conception was 27.86 ± 11.43 and 32.55 ± 12.12 months, first parturition was 41.57 ± 12.33 and 26 ± 12.12 months, Calving interval was 24.10 ± 10.39 and 15.67 ± 6.55 months, calving rate was 2.36 ± 1.15 and 2.23 ± 1.20, conception period 1 year, Postpartum estroes was 6.23 ± 2.71 and 4.56 ± 2.34 months. Physiological response of livestock on dry land showed that buffalo cattle were experiencing heat stress.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Wetland in drylands'

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