Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wetland ecology Australia

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Wetland ecology Australia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Wetland ecology Australia"

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Boon, PI, and MA Brock. "Plants and processes in wetlands: A background." Marine and Freshwater Research 45, no. 8 (1994): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9941369.

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It is easy to gain an impression from the recent contents of Australian scientific journals dealing with ecological research that little attention is paid to the botanical ecology of Australia's inland wetlands. Less than 1% of the papers published in key Australian ecological journals over 1987-93 dealt with some aspect of the vegetation ecology of these environments. Yet over the period 1982-94 research on this topic accounted for up to 23% of the papers presented at annual conferences of the two major Australian scientific societies to which Australian limnologists are likely to belong. This discrepancy indicates that wetland vegetation is the subject of a considerable research effort by Australian limnologists, but that few of their research findings are published in refereed Australian journals. Analyses of the references cited in key review articles suggests that refereed journals outside Australia cannot account fully for the 'missing' publications: we demonstrate that much research is placed in the largely inaccessible 'grey literature' published by government departments and the like. It is also possible that some research is destined never to be published. This imbalance between the intensity of the research effort and the history of publication in Australian refereed journals prompted local scientists involved in wetland research to participate in a Special Issue dedicated to the botanical and process-oriented aspects of wetland ecology.
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Finlayson, C. Max, Maria Grazia Bellio, and John B. Lowry. "A conceptual basis for the wise use of wetlands in northern Australia — linking information needs, integrated analyses, drivers of change and human well-being." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 3 (2005): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04077.

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Australia’s north supports many wetlands. The biodiversity of these wetlands is highly regarded, but many are increasingly being affected by well recognised pressures that result in adverse change in their ecological character. The extent of the knowledge base and causes of adverse change in Australia’s tropical wetlands are reviewed with an emphasis on the linkage between direct and indirect drivers of change. Within the context of the existing knowledge base, an integrated model for collecting information on the ecological character of tropical wetlands is proposed. The model encompasses hierarchical and multi-scalar approaches to wetland inventory, assessment and monitoring and was developed largely from research undertaken in northern Australia. It is based around the concepts of wise use and maintenance of the ecological character of wetlands, which in turn emphasises the value of wetlands to people through the delivery of ecosystem services. A broader conceptual framework linking ecosystem services and human well-being to the condition of wetlands is introduced as a forerunner to considering research needs for tropical Australian wetlands. The integrated model and framework entail community consultation and the involvement of stakeholders in decisions about wetland research and management. In conclusion, it is emphasised that the maintenance of the ecological character of the wetlands of northern Australia is a task for wetland managers, users and owners in collaboration with scientists from many disciplines.
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Halse, SA, MR Williams, RP Jaensch, and JAK Lane. "Wetland characteristics and waterbird use of wetlands in south-western Australia." Wildlife Research 20, no. 1 (1993): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930103.

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The presence or absence of 61 waterbird species on 95 wetlands in south-western Australia was related to six wetland characteristics: salinity, emergent vegetation, water depth, pH, phosphorus level and wetland size. More species were associated with salinity and vegetation than with other wetland characteristics. There were more positive associations with brackish than with fresh or saline wetlands and few species occurred in hypersaline wetlands. Trees or shrubs and sedges were the vegetation with which most species were associated; few species were recorded on completely open wetlands or those with only samphire. The 95 wetlands were classified into five groups on the basis of waterbird use. All wetland characteristics differed between groups but larger differences occurred in salinity, vegetation and water depth. The wetland group that supported most species also supported the highest numbers of waterbirds and most breeding species.
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Fensham, R. J., R. J. Fairfax, D. Pocknee, and J. Kelley. "Vegetation patterns in permanent spring wetlands in arid Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 6 (2004): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt04043.

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A transect-based quadrat survey was conducted within 11 spring wetlands fed by permanent groundwater flows from the Great Artesian Basin at Elizabeth Springs in western Queensland. Flow patterns within individual wetlands change with sedimentation associated with mound building, siltation of abandoned drains and changes in aquifer pressure associated with artificial extraction from bores. The pattern of floristic groups for the wetland quadrats was poorly related to soil texture, water pH, slope and topographic position. Patterns were most clearly related to wetland age as determined from aerial photography, with a clear successional sequence from mono-specific stands of Cyperus laevigatus on newly formed wetland areas to more diverse wetland assemblages. However, evidence from other Great Artesian Basin springs suggests that succession can also result in reduced species richness where the palatable tall reed Phragmites australis develops mono-specific stands.
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Maher, MT, and LW Braithwaite. "Patterns of waterbird use in wetlands of the Paroo, A river system of inland Australia." Rangeland Journal 14, no. 2 (1992): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9920128.

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The significance of inland wetlands to Australian waterbirds has been overlooked until recently. One important area identified from regular aerial survey centres on the Paroo River in north-western New South Wales. Between April 1983 and December 1985, a period covering a major flood, waterbird populations were estimated on five wetland systems associated with the Paroo during 14 trips. Fifty- three waterbird species were recorded with the anatids, Anas gibberifrons and Malacorhynchus membranaceus, accounting for 75 per cent of total estimated populations. Most breeding events were observed in those wetlands dominated by Muehlenbeckia florulenta (lignum). Breeding accounted for shifts in waterbird populations between wetland systems. A model of waterbird usage of the five wetland systems in relation to a complete flood event is described. The importance for waterbird conservation of wetlands used for breeding and maintenance of populations between flood events, and threats to the integrity of these wetlands are discussed.
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T. Kingsford, Richard, Rachael F. Thomas, and Alison L. Curtin. "Conservation of wetlands in the Paroo and Warrego River catchments in arid Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 7, no. 1 (2001): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010021.

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Irrigation proposals to divert water from the Paroo and Warrego Rivers in arid Australia will affect their aquatic ecosystems. These two are the last of 26 major rivers in the Murray-Darling Basin without large dams and diversions. Knowledge of the extent of their biodiversity value is critical to assessing likely impacts. During the 1990 flood, 1.73 million ha of wetlands, or 12.5% of the land surface of the Paroo and Warrego River catchments, were flooded. Flooded wetland area in the respective catchments was 781 330 ha and 890 534 ha. Most of the wetland area (97%) was floodplain, with 37 freshwater lakes (>50 ha) occupying 2.5% of the wetland area and 177 salt lakes covering 0.8%. A high diversity and abundance of biota depend on these wetlands. Only 7% of the wetland area, all in the Paroo catchment, is in conservation reserves. New South Wales has a high proportion of the wetland area on the Paroo (60%) and a substantial proportion of the wetland area on the Warrego River (23%). Queensland, the upstream state, will influence the ecology of the entire catchment areas of both river systems through its proposed water management plan. Any resulting extraction practices will have detrimental ecological consequences within a decade. Conservation of wetlands is usually site-focused and reflects a paradigm of conservation based on reservation of parcels of land. However, wetlands are dependent on water that is seldom adequately protected. Intergovernment co-operation should protect the entire catchment of the Paroo River from major diversions and stop further development on the Warrego River. This would do more for the conservation of wetlands than the formal reservation of small parts of their catchments.
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Chadhokar, Yojana, and Lynette C. McLaughlin. "Interpretation at Wetland Sites in the Sydney Region." Journal of Interpretation Research 4, no. 1 (April 1999): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258729900400104.

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Interpretation of wetland issues and values for the broader community, as well as for students, is regarded as an important strategy toward achieving better wetland management, reversing past degradation, and halting wetland loss along the east coast of Australia, where population pressure has heavily affected these systems. This paper presents the results of a review of interpretive and educational facilities and programs at five wetland sites across the Sydney region to gain a regional perspective on the provision of wetland education and interpretation of wetland ecology and conservation. This review considered goals, range of facilities and programs, wetland themes covered for the general public and in formal educational programs, and evaluation methods. The results are discussed in light of the overall goal of wetland conservation and more detailed goals at individual sites. Goals were found to focus primarily on “public awareness” of wetlands, a goal inadequate to meet the broader goal of long-term protection and conservation. At sites most accessible to the majority of the Sydney population, a considerable discrepancy existed between the aspects of wetland ecology and management presented to school groups and those presented to the general public, making it difficult to meet even the goal of public awareness.
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Finlayson, C. M., S. J. Capon, D. Rissik, J. Pittock, G. Fisk, N. C. Davidson, K. A. Bodmin, et al. "Policy considerations for managing wetlands under a changing climate." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 10 (2017): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16244.

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Drawing on the experience and lessons of wetland researchers and managers in Australia and New Zealand, we examined the implications of climate change for wetland policy and management, and identified potential adaptation responses and the information needed to support these. First, we considered wetland vulnerability to climate change, focusing on wetland exposure and sensitivity. We then outlined the existing policy context for dealing with climate change, with an emphasis on the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. We then considered how the objectives and targets for wetland management can be set in the face of climate change, how management can be adapted to climate change given the uncertainties involved, and how we can monitor and evaluate wetland condition in the face of climate change. We concluded with a set of principles to guide adaptation of wetland conservation and management policy to climate change.
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Ralph, Timothy J., Paul P. Hesse, and Tsuyoshi Kobayashi. "Wandering wetlands: spatial patterns of historical channel and floodplain change in the Ramsar-listed Macquarie Marshes, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 6 (2016): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14251.

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In the context of static conservation reserves, dynamic fluvial processes and patterns of river channel and floodplain change are problematic for environmental management. Floodplain wetlands that evolve by erosion and sedimentation experience changes in the location and extent of channels and wetlands regardless of conservation reserve boundaries. We describe historical channel and floodplain change in an Australian wetland of international ecological significance, the southern Macquarie Marshes, and synthesise the role of avulsion in wetlands that move laterally on the broader floodplain. Avulsion has shifted the foci of flooding and areas of aquatic habitat in the system over the last century. By ~1925, active wetlands surrounding the Old Macquarie River and the original conservation area contracted around Monkeygar Creek within the present nature reserve, and the boundary of this reserve has changed little since the 1940s. Ecological changes associated with continued wetland desiccation in the reserve triggered a recent Ramsar Article 3.2 notification for the Macquarie Marshes, prompting management responses from government agencies. Fluvial morphodynamics and their impacts on wetland ecology should be specifically recognised and integrated with adaptive management plans to combine new findings with lessons learned from previous intervention strategies for the long-term ecological sustainability of floodplain wetlands.
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Wrigley, TJ, SW Rolls, and JA Davis. "Limnological features of coastal-plain wetlands on the Gnangara Mound, Perth, Western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 42, no. 6 (1991): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9910761.

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The Gnangara Mound is an area of elevated sandy soil on the Swan Coastal Plain to the north of Perth. It constitutes a major groundwater resource for metropolitan Perth. Sixteen wetlands on the Mound had total phosphorus concentrations of 12-462�g L-1, the high values being attributed to agricultural and urban activity. Sediment concentrations of total phosphorus and total nitrogen were 61-954 and 1212-16739 �g g-1, respectively. Conductivities were 505-10270 �S cm-1, and pH values were 3.3-9.3. Only one wetland was highly coloured (79.9 8440 m-1), with an E4/E6 ratio of 4.6. Chlorophyll a concentrations were 0.01-130.8�g L-1; in wetlands with low gilvin concentrations, Myxophyceae dominated, whereas wetlands with higher gilvin concentrations had large numbers of diatoms and Chlorophyceae. The highly coloured wetland had the lowest chlorophyll a concentration despite high nutrient concentrations, supporting the hypothesis that the consequent reduction in light or other associated factors are important in maintaining low phytoplankton biomass in dystrophic wetlands of the region, particularly those on Bassendean sands.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wetland ecology Australia"

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Shahrestani, Nakisa. "An ecological characterisation of a shallow seasonal claypan wetland, Southwestern Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2045.

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Perched, seasonal claypans of southwestern Australia are poorly understood in terms of their ecological character, such as relationship between hydrology and their biota. An example is Little Darkin Swamp, located on the Darling Plateau in southwestern Australia. The overall aim of this thesis was to describe its ecological character, to understand what drives this claypan system and how its ephemeral nature affects wetland processes and functions. This study first comprised a detailed characterisation of the wetland’s attributes, following the geomorphic-hydrological approach proposed by Semeniuk and Semeniuk (2011). This revealed that its hydrology is highly dependent on rainfall, that it is an endorheic system, with a basin that is structurally spatially heterogeneous with distinct vegetation zones, and that surface waters have nutrient levels that are similar to oligotrophic systems. These features make it similar to other claypan wetlands of southwestern Australia and vernal pools of California, USA. Continuous high-frequency dissolved oxygen data during the hydroperiod showed that there are large temporal and spatial variations in ecosystem metabolism, and that the trophic status of the wetland is finely balanced, fluctuating between auto- and heterotrophy due to its ephemeral nature. Due to its oligotrophic nature, rates of gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (R) were overall low, and the wetland was overall slightly autotrophic over the study period. Furthermore, dual isotope analysis of δ13C and δ15N of sources and consumers revealed that aquatic macrophytes make a higher contribution to the food web compared to other sampled sources. However, the food web was also supported by sources of carbon that were not sampled, probably filamentous algae and methanotrophic bacteria. Experimental re-hydration of dried sediments emphasized that the seasonality of the water regime, and the shallow bathymetry of the basin, influences organic matter content, nutrient levels, oxygen consumption, plant growth and macroinvertebrate richness, differently between the centre of the wetland versus the edges. These results confirmed that there are at least two distinct zones in the wetland in terms of biotic response following rewetting, caused by the differences in duration and frequency of inundation of the sediments. The outcomes of this study showed that the ephemerality (i.e. seasonal drying and wetting) of Little Darkin Swamp drives important internal ecosystem processes, such as ecosystem metabolism, nutrient cycling, and primary production, which in turn determine the trophic status and distribution of biotic communities in the wetland. Therefore, any changes to the hydrological regime will greatly affect how these system functions and can potentially negatively impact such unique shallow, seasonal perched systems of southwestern Australia.
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Burkett, Danny, and danny burkett@deakin edu au. "Nutrient contribution to hyper-eutrophic wetlands in Perth, Western Australia." Deakin University. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 2005. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20071115.082506.

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This thesis investigates nutrient contribution to six hyper-eutrophic lakes located within close proximity of each other on the Swan Coastal Plain and 20 kilometres south of the Perth Central Business District, Western Australia. The lakes are located within a mixed land use setting and are under the management of a number of state and local government departments and organisations. These are a number of other lakes on the Swan Coastal Plain for which the majority are less than 3 metres in depth and considered as an expression of the groundwater as their base is below the regional groundwater table throughout most of the year. The limited amount of water quality data available for these six lakes and the surface water and groundwater flowing into them has restricted a thorough understanding of the processes influencing the water quality of the lakes. Various private and public companies and organisations have undertaken studies on some of the individual wetlands and there is a wide difference in scientific opinion as to the major source of the nutrients to those wetlands. These previous studies failed to consider regional surface water and groundwater effects on the nutrient fluxes and they predominantly only investigated single wetland systems. This study attempts for the first time to investigate the regional contribution of nutrients to this system of wetlands existing on the Swan Coastal plain. As such, it also includes new research on the nutrient contribution to some of the remaining wetlands. The research findings indicate that the lake sediments represent a considerable store of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). These sediments in turn control the nutrient status of the lake's water column. Surface water is found to contribute on an event-basis load of nutrients to the lakes whilst the groundwater surprisingly appears to contribute a comparatively low input of nutrients but governs the water depth. Analysis of the regional groundwater shows efficient denitrifying abilities as a result of denitrifying bacteria and the transport is localised. Management recommendations for the remediation of the social and environmental value of the lakes include treatment of the lake’s sediments via chemical bonding or atmospheric oxidation; utilising the regional groundwater’s denitrifying abilities to ‘treat’ the surface water via infiltration basins; and investigating the merits of managed or artificial aquifer recharge (MAR).
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Ujma, Susan. "A comparative study of indigenous people's and early European settlers' usage of three Perth wetlands, Western Australia, 1829-1939." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/547.

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This study takes as its focus the contrasting manner in which the Nyoongar indigenous people and the early European settlers utilised three wetland environments in southwest Australia over the century between 1829 and 1939. The thesis offers both an ecological and a landscape perspective to changes in the wetlands of Herdsman Lake, Lake Joondalup and Loch McNess. The chain of interconnecting linear lakes provides some of the largest permanent sources of fresh water masses on the Swan Coastal Plain. This thesis acknowledges the importance of the wetland system to the Nyoongar indigenous people. The aim of this research is to interpret the human intervention into the wetland ecosystems by using a methodology that combines cultural landscape, historical and biophysical concepts as guiding themes. Assisted by historical maps and field observations, this study offers an ecological perspective on the wetlands, depicting changes in the human footprint on its landscape, and mapping the changes since the indigenous people’s sustainable ecology and guardianship were removed. These data can be used and compared with current information to gain insights into how and why modification to these wetlands occurred. An emphasis is on the impact of human settlement and land use on natural systems. In the colonial period wetlands were not generally viewed as visually pleasing; they were perceived as alien and hostile environments. Settlers saw the land as an economic commodity to be exploited in a money economy. Thus the effects of a sequence of occupances and their transformation of environments as traditional Aboriginal resource use gave way to early European settlement, which brought about an evolution and cultural change in the wetland ecosystems, and attitudes towards them.
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Lambert, David J., and n/a. "Ecology of invertebrates and predator - prey interactions on mosquito larvae in urban wetlands, ACT Australia." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1989. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060815.125401.

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Giralang Pond was a water body, with little emergent or submerged vegetation, designed to trap fine sediment and buffer input of rising water to Ginninderra Wetland downstream. Ginninderra Wetland was designed to retain and use sediment nutrients and other potential hazardous materials in urban run-off. Water in the Wetland was more turbid and had lower magnesium concentration, redox potentials and dissolved oxygen concentration than did Giralang Pond. Water temperature was a minimum of 4 °C in the winter and reached a summer maximum of 30 °C Giralang Pond had more organisms but fewer taxa than Ginninderra Wetland. The greatest abundance in the pond resulted principally from high numbers of two numerically dominant species Calamoecia sp. and Micronecta sp.. More organisms were found in vegetated habitats of Ginninderra Wetland than open water habitats. The number of invertebrates and the number of taxa found in Typha domingensis did not differ significantly from similar estimates for Schoenplectus validus, Gambusia qffinis was the dominant predator in both water bodies. On one occasion, G. qffinis reached population densities of 35 individuals per m-2 . G. qffinis was five times more abundant in Gininnderra Wetland than in Giralang Pond and also showed a preference for vegetated areas. G. qffinis over-grazed it's prey on several occasions. G. qffinis, invertebrate predators and prey followed a pattern of a community in a stable predator-prey cycle. Prey in early spring increased population numbers and then decreased when G. qffinis and other predators increased their numbers. The pattern was further strengthened by occurring in both areas of open water and vegetated habitat types.
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Rea, Naomi. "The influence of water regime on the population ecology of two emergent macrophytes in South Australia /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr281.pdf.

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Ryder, Darren Stuart. "Origin and fate of organic matter in South-West Australian wetlands." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1533.

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The development and local distribution of organic soils in Australia have been poorly documented. Within Western Australia, conditions conducive to the accumulation of organic matter are geographically restricted and generally occur in coastal and/or forested landscapes. An extensive system of wetlands with peal soils occurs in the Muir-Unicup region in the far south west of Western Australia. Bokarup Swamp, Kodjinup Swamp and Noobijup Lake are representative of the wetlands occurring in this region. They arc shallow (
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Lund, Mark Andrew. "Aspects of the ecology of a degraded Perth wetland (Lake Monger, Western Australia) and implications for Bio manipulation and other restoration techniques." Thesis, Lund, Mark Andrew (1992) Aspects of the ecology of a degraded Perth wetland (Lake Monger, Western Australia) and implications for Bio manipulation and other restoration techniques. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1992. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51730/.

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Lake Monger (3204'S 115°20'E) was sampled intensively (18 occasions) between October 1988 and October 1989. Ordination and classification of the water chemistry, plankton and macroinvertebrates revealed three seasonal groups, spring/summer, summer/autumn and winter. In terms of the water chemistry these groups corresponded to periods of hypertrophy, eutrophy and mesotrophy respectively. The lake was found to be shallow (1-1.5 m deep) and polymictic. Internal release from the sediments was believed to be responsible for the high levels of P (> 700 jig L1) recorded during summer. In summer, the limiting nutrient for algal growth appeared to be N. Two species alternated in dominance of the zooplankton, the cladoceran Daphnia carinata King in winter and the copepod Mesocyclops sp in summer groups. These species accounted for >80% of the abundance and biomass of the zooplankton when they were dominant. Changes in the edibility of summer algal populations, rather than the effects of zooplanktivorous fish (Gambusia holbrooki (Girard)), invertebrate predators (e.g. hemipterans) or temperature was believed responsible for the summer declines in D. carinata. 70 macroinvertebrate taxa were recorded, substantially higher than found in other studies at the lake. Mean species richness was highest from areas of emergent reeds. Compilation of available data revealed a decline in water quality in the lake since European settlement, resulting from nutrient enrichment, introductions of exotic biota, removal of native vegetation, physical modification (landfill and dredging) and changes in hydrology (artificial maintenance of water levels). The study year (1988/89) appeared to be similar to other years in the late 1980's. Changes in fertilizer usage around the lake at the start of the 1990's appeared to have been responsible for subsequent significant improvements in the water quality. Twelve in-lake enclosures (1.5 m3) were used to assess the influence of predation by G. holbrooki, N limitation and gilvin (brown colour), on zooplankton and water chemistry. Increased levels of primary productivity were recorded in untreated control enclosures. Only low levels of gilvin were produced and these resulted in a slight increase in chlorophyll a rather than the anticipated decrease. Gambusia holbrooki was not found to be responsible for any changes in the zooplankton structure. Variability between replicate enclosures and P limitation in the lake meant that N limitation could not be established. The presence of large numbers of D. carinata was found to significantly improve water quality through grazing and removal of seston. There appeared to be a nutrient threshold of 150 fig T1 of P in the water column, above which algal composition or size was inedible for D. carinata. Biomanipulation, involving fish manipulations, appeared unlikely to be successful in improving water quality as the link between fish predation and summer declines in D. carinata appeared to be tenuous. Reductions in fertilizers used on lawns around the lake appeared to have had a significant effect on improving the water quality of the lake.
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Linke, Simon, and n/a. "River conservation planning: accounting for condition, vulnerability and connected systems." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070716.155500.

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Conservation science in rivers is still lagging behind its terrestrial and marine counterparts, despite increasing threats to freshwater biodiversity and extinction rates being estimated as five times higher than in terrestrial ecosystems. Internationally, most protected rivers have been assigned reserve status in the framework of terrestrial conservation plans, neglecting catchment effects of disturbance. While freshwater conservation tools are mainly index based (e.g. richness, rarity), modern terrestrial and marine conservation planning methods use complementarity-based algorithms - proven to be most efficient at protecting a large number of taxa for the least cost. The few complementarity-based lotic conservation efforts all use broad river classifications instead of biota as targets, a method heavily disputed in the literature. They also ignore current condition and future vulnerability. It was the aim of this thesis to develop a framework for conservation planning that: a) accounts for the connected nature of rivers b) is complementarity based and uses biota as targets c) integrates current status and future vulnerability I developed two different approaches using macroinvertebrate datasets from Australia, Canada and the USA. The first new method was a site/based two-tiered approach integrating condition and conservation value, based on RIVPACS/AUSRIVAS � a modelling technique that predicts macroinvertebrate composition. The condition stage assesses biodiversity loss by estimating a site-specific expected assemblage and comparing it to the actual observed assemblage. Sites with significant biodiversity loss are flagged for restoration, or other management actions. All other sites progress to the conservation stage, in which an index of site-specific taxonomic rarity is calculated. This second index (O/E BIODIV) assesses the number of rare taxa (as defined by <50% probability of occurrence). Using this approach on a dataset near Sydney, NSW, Australia, I was able to identify three regions: 1) an area in need of restoration; 2) a region of high conservation value and 3) an area that had high conservation potential if protection and restoration measures could counteract present disturbance. However, a second trial run with three datasets from the USA and Canada highlighted problems with O/E (BIODIV). If common taxa are predicted at lower probabilities of occurrence (p<50%) because of model error, they enter the index and change O/E (BIODIV). Therefore, despite an attractive theoretical grounding, the application of O/E (BIODIV) will be restricted to datasets where strong environmental gradients explain a large quantity of variation in the data and permit accurate predictions of rare taxa. It also requires extensive knowledge of regional species pools to ensure that introduced organisms are not counted in the index. The second approach was a proper adaptation of terrestrial complementarity algorithms and an extension to the Irreplaceability-Vulnerability framework by Margules and Pressey (2000). For this large-scale method, distributions for 400 invertebrate taxa were modeled across 1854 subcatchments in Victoria, Australia using Generalised Additive Models (GAMs). The best heuristic algorithm to estimate conservation value was determined by calculating the minimum area needed to cover all 400 taxa. Solutions were restricted to include rules for the protection of whole catchments upstream of a subcatchment that contained the target taxon. A summed rarity algorithm proved to be most efficient, beating the second best solution by 100 000 hectares. To protect 90% of the taxa, only 2% of the study area need to be protected. This increases to 10% of the study area when full representation of the targets is required. Irreplaceability was calculated by running the heuristic algorithm 1000 times with 90% of the catchments randomly removed. Two statistics were then estimated: f (the frequency of selection across 1000 runs) and average c (contribution to conservation targets). Four groups of catchments were identified: a) catchments that have high contributions and are always selected; b) catchments that have high contributions and are not always selected; c) catchments that are always chosen but do not contribute many taxa; d) catchments that are rarely chosen and did not contribute many taxa. Summed c, the sum of contributions over 1000 runs was chosen as an indicator of irreplaceability, integrating the frequency of selection and the number of taxa protected. Irreplaceability (I) was then linked to condition (C) and vulnerability (V) to create the ICVframework for river conservation planning. Condition was estimated using a stressor gradient approach (SGA), in which GIS layers of disturbance were summarised to three principal axes using principal components analysis (PCA). The main stressor gradient � agriculture � classified 75% of the study area as disturbed, a value consistent with existing assessments of river condition. Vulnerability was defined as the likelihood that land use in a catchment would intensify in the future. Hereby current tenure was compared to land capability. If a catchment would support a land use that would have a stronger effect on the rivers than its current tenure, it was classified as vulnerable. 79% of catchments contained more than 50% vulnerable land. When integrating the three estimators in the ICV-framework, seven percent of catchments were identified as highly irreplaceable but in degraded condition. These were flagged for urgent restoration. Unprotected, but highly irreplaceable and highly vulnerable catchments that were still in good condition made up 2.5% of the total area. These catchments are prime candidates for river reserves. The ICV framework developed here is the first method for systematic conservation planning in rivers that is complementarity-based, biota-driven but flexible to other conservation targets and accounts for catchment effects, thus fulfilling all the gaps outlined in the aims.
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Galeotti, David M. "Metapopulation theory explains Black-stripe Minnow (Pisces: Galaxiidae, Galaxiella nigrostriata) distribution in seasonal wetlands in south-west Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/708.

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The objective of this project was to determine if Galaxiella nigrostriata populations could belong to a metapopulation. Metapopulation theory describes how multiple populations with occasional connectivity are a ‘population of populations’. Some populations’ habitats have optimal conditions (source habitats), others experience regular extinctions (sink habitats). Connectivity allows repopulation of extinct or uninhabited habitats. Galaxiella nigrostriata occurred randomly in 11 seasonal wetlands in the Kemerton wetland complex in south-west Western Australia over a 16 year period. The wetlands did not appear to be connected. Around 70% of wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain in south-west WA have been filled or degraded since European settlement around 180 years ago. Of those, seasonal wetlands are at most risk from degradation. Galaxiella nigrostriata mainly live in seasonal wetlands between Augusta and Albany and in three remnant populations on the Swan Coastal Plain. They are small freshwater fish (length), aestivate in moist wetland sediments when wetlands dry and live for about one year. Seasonal wetlands and G. nigrostriata are threatened by nutrient enrichment, salinity, introduced fish, landscape modification and changes to hydroperiod by groundwater abstraction and declining rainfall. Inundated wetlands that previously contained G. nigrostriata, and wetlands where they had not been recorded, were sampled throughout south-west WA. Fish and crayfish abundance was surveyed and water samples analysed on site and in a laboratory. Physical characteristics of each wetland and surrounding landscape were also recorded. Information about wetlands was analysed to determine if physico-chemical characteristics accounted for G. nigrostriata abundance or distribution between wetlands. Lentocorrals were then established in two Kemerton wetlands prior to inundation. They were sampled following inundation to determine how and where within a wetland G. nigrostriata entered the sediment to aestivate. Aestivation was examined to determine whether any physical features may be lacking which could inhibit population persistence. Galaxiella nigrostriata specimens from each population had morphological measurements and counts taken prior to tissue being removed for genetic analyses. Two mitochondrial DNA markers were used to investigate divergence and connectivity within and between populations and catchments. Most wetlands were small (mean 0.6 ha), had tannin-stained water and 41% vegetation cover. All wetlands exceeded guideline values for Fe and Zn and those near agricultural land exceeded guideline values for TN and TP. However, no physico-chemical water properties or habitat features impeded G. nigrostriata abundance or distribution between wetlands. Additionally, it was thought there may be a commensal relationship between G. nigrostriata and burrowing crayfish, with G. nigrostriata using burrows to enter the sediment. No relationship was found between G. nigrostriata, crayfish or their burrows, indicating an alternative way for them to enter the sediment. Genetic research and examination of wetland positions in the landscape confirmed G. nigrostriata populations (particularly Kemerton) are part of metapopulation. This research showed populations between catchments had not connected for thousands of years but populations in wetland complexes had recent connectivity. Management of wetlands requires investigation and monitoring of nearby wetlands which may be part of a metapopulation, and may affect population longevity of all wetlands.
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Saraswati, Anandashila. "Swamp : walking the wetlands of the Swan Coastal Plain ; and with the exegesis, A walk in the anthropocene: homesickness and the walker-writer." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/588.

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This project is comprised of a creative work and accompanying exegesis. The creative work is a collection of poetry which examines the history and ecology of the wetlands and river systems of the Swan Coastal Plain, and which utilises the practice of walking as a research methodology. For the creative practitioner walking reintroduces the body as a fundamental definer of experience, placing the investigation centrally in the corporeal self, using the physical senses as investigative tools of enquiry. As Rebecca Solnit comments in her history of walking, ‘exploring the world is one of the best ways of exploring the mind, and walking travels both terrains’ (Solnit, 2000, p. 13). The context for my poetic walking project Swamp, is a local and global environment undergoing an unprecedented loss of biodiversity, mainly due to the destruction of habitat and changes in climatic conditions (Reid, Partha Dasgupta, Robert M. May, A.H. Zakri, & Henk Simons, 2005, pp. 438-442). The loss of species and ecosystems that have been a part of our earth home results in the human experience of ‘homesickness’ — a longing for the home places that we have known and which have diminished or disappeared. Before the arrival of the British colonists in 1829, the Swan River and adjacent wetlands were an integral part of the seasonal food source for the original inhabitants, the Noongar (Bekle, 1981). In addition wetland places were, and are, deeply embedded in the spiritual and cultural life of the Noongar people of the Swan Coastal Plain (O'Connor, Quartermaine, & Bodney, 1989). In less than two hundred years since the establishment of the Swan River Colony (Western Australia), the lakes and rivers of the Swan Coastal Plain have undergone extreme changes, often resulting in complete draining and in-filling of wetland areas as the city and its suburbs spread beyond the original town limits. This re–engineering of the landscape has had a dramatic and detrimental impact upon biodiversity, water quality and the sense of place experienced by residents. Swamp is a project that has three main facets: a) a body of original poetry which interprets the historical relationship between the British, European, and Chinese newcomers to Noongar country, and the wetlands lakes of the Swan Coastal Plain. The poetry contained in this thesis is copyright to the author, Anandashila Saraswati (Nandi Chinna). b)An essay which contextualises the project within the sphere of walking art, psychogeography, and the philosophical idea of ‘Homesickness’. c) A website, www.swampwalking.com.au, which displays photographs documenting the walks I have carried out over the three year period of the project from February 2009 to February 2012. The exegetical part of this project looks at the notion of ‘homesickness’ as a philosophical condition that can be seen as a motivating force in the practice of writing on walking. I use Debord’s theory of the dérive as a starting point for my walking methodology and examine nostalgia within the Situationist International (Debord, 1958) and subsequent psychogeographical movements. I also investigate the role of homesickness in the work of other writers who walk and who write about their walking practice. Finally I discuss homesickness in the epoch of the Anthropocene (Crutzen & Schwägerl, 2011), the era in which the earth’s biosphere is characterised by human interventions which have changed the meteorological, geological and biological elements of our earth home. In the Anthropocene, the wilderness view of nature needs to be re-evaluated. I posit that walking is a way of reconnecting with the physical landscape and building relationships with small wilds that exist in our home places, and that writing about the walking allows these relationships and encounters to ripple out to readers, contributing to and enabling the development of an ethic of care for ecosystems and beings other than human.
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Books on the topic "Wetland ecology Australia"

1

Australian freshwater ecology: Processes and management. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014.

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A, Brock Margaret, ed. Australian freshwater ecology: Processes and management. Glen Osmond, Australia: Gleneagles, 1999.

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Western Australia. Environmental Protection Authority., ed. Inland waters of the Pilbara, Western Australia. Perth, W.A: Environmental Protection Authority, 1988.

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The Becher wetlands, a Ramsar site: Evolution of wetlands habitats and vegetation associations on a Holocene coastal plain, South-Western Australia. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2007.

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Chambers, J. A guide to emergent wetland plants of South-Western Australia. Perth, W.A: Marine and Freshwater Research Laboratory, Environmental Science, Murdoch University, 1995.

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Finlayson, C. M. Plant ecology and management of an internationally important wetland in Monsoonal Australia. S.l: s.n, 1989.

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S, Lake P., ed. Australian wetlands. North Ryde, NSW: Angus & Robertson Book, 1990.

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Kain, Alison. Pastoral management options for Central Australian wetlands: Fat cows and happy greenies. Alice Springs, N.T: Greening Australia (NT), 2008.

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Paton, D. C. At the end of the river: The Coorong and lower lakes. Hindmarsh, S. Aust: ATF Press, 2010.

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Masman, Kay. Reedbed country: The story of the Macquarie Marshes. Tamworth, N.S.W: Macquarie Marshes Catchment Management Committee, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wetland ecology Australia"

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Finlayson, C. Max, and Colin D. Woodroffe. "Wetland vegetation." In Landscape and Vegetation Ecology of the Kakadu Region, Northern Australia, 81–112. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0133-9_5.

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Geoffrey, R., B. Smith, and Margaret A. Brock. "Coexistence of Juncus articulatus L. and Glyceria australis C.E. Hubb. in a temporary shallow wetland in Australia." In Management and Ecology of Freshwater Plants, 147–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5782-7_23.

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Finlayson, C. Max, and Isabell von Oertzen. "Wetlands of Australia: Northern (tropical) Australia." In Wetlands of the world: Inventory, ecology and management Volume I, 195–243. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8212-4_7.

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Jacobs, S. W. L., and Margaret A. Brock. "Wetlands of Australia: Southern (temperate) Australia." In Wetlands of the world: Inventory, ecology and management Volume I, 244–304. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8212-4_8.

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Colin, Ricardo, and Luis E. Eguiarte. "Genetic and Ecological Characterization of the Invasive Wetland Grasses Arundo donax and Phragmites australis in the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin." In Plant Diversity and Ecology in the Chihuahuan Desert, 241–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44963-6_15.

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Finlayson, C. Max, Rudolph S. de Groot, Francine M. R. Hughes, and Caroline A. Sullivan. "Freshwater Ecosystem Services and Functions." In Freshwater Ecology and Conservation, 321–37. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198766384.003.0015.

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Freshwater ecosystems provide many ecosystem services for people who use them directly as well as indirectly both through using wetland products and through passive activities associated with the existence of the ecosystem. Despite these benefits being widely recognised through international processes and national or local analyses, many freshwater ecosystems are still being degraded or destroyed. In many cases, there is limited understanding of the basic ecological functions that support the services that benefit so many people. With these situations in mind an appraisal of how to measure ecosystem services and functions is provided, building on the approaches presented by the Ramsar Convention approximately a decade earlier, and accompanied by a review of open-access toolkits for measuring or evaluating ecosystem services. A river catchment in eastern Australia is used as an example to illustrate the type of changes that have occurred in freshwater ecosystem services.
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Furley, Peter A. "4. Wildlife and microbes." In Savannas: A Very Short Introduction, 79–99. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198717225.003.0004.

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‘Wildlife and microbes’ looks at energy pathways through the savanna system and the nature of the wildlife characterizing each of the major savanna landscapes, including the woody savannas of the Brazilian cerrado, the East African grasslands, dry and wetland savannas, and the Australian savanna woodlands. This brings into consideration food chains and food webs, as well as aspects of animal ecology that determine the number and character of living organisms. The two main aspects of wildlife to consider are the individual populations of animal species and the way they integrate into communities. Life in all savannas depends upon the complexity of biological interactions between the smallest and the largest organisms.
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"The Ecology and Management of Wood in World Rivers." In The Ecology and Management of Wood in World Rivers, edited by TIMOTHY B. ABBE, ANDREW P. BROOKS, and DAVID R. MONTGOMERY. American Fisheries Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569568.ch20.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—Wood induces hydraulic, morphologic, and textural complexity into fluvial systems in forested regions around the world. Snags and logjams can create complex networks of channels and wetlands across entire river valleys and historically posed a significant obstacle to navigation. The clearing of wood from channels and riparian forest land reduced or eliminated the quantity and supply of wood into rivers in many regions of the world. Ecological restoration of fluvial environments increasingly includes the placement of wood. But few guidelines exist on appropriate methods for emulating natural wood accumulations, where and how to place wood, its longevity, the hydraulic and geomorphic consequences of wood, and how to manage systems where wood is reintroduced. Important factors to understand when placing wood in rivers include the watershed and reach-scale context of a project, the hydraulic and geomorphic effects of wood placements, possible changes in wood structures over time, and how it may impact human infrastructure and safety. Engineered logjams constructed in Washington, USA and New South Wales, Australia offer examples of how wood reintroduction can be engineered without the use of artificial anchoring to form stable instream structures as part of efforts to rehabilitate fluvial ecosystems and provide ecologically sensitive means to treat traditional problems such as bank stabilization and grade control.
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"from Halls Creek in the East Kimberley region and Derby in West Kimberley in 1960 had demonstrated that subclinical infections with both MVE and Kunjin viruses had occurred in the human population (Stanley and Choo, 1961; 1964), there had been no reported cases of Australian encephalitis in Western Australia or in the Northern Territory. Unfortunately no baseline studies were undertaken on either mosquito densities or virus incidence before the completion of stage one of the irrigation project; indeed no studies were initiated until completion of stage two, the construction of the Ord River dam. While the Ord River irrigation area undoubtedly had enormous and profound effects on the ecology of the region, most of the evidence for increases in mosquito densities and waterbird populations is circumstantial. The climate in the Kimberley and adjacent areas of the Northern Territory comprises a relatively short (four month) monsoonal wet season during which heavy rainfall events occur and the major rivers extend across vast floodplains, and a very dry ‘dry’ season during which most of the country becomes arid and, in the latter half, even large rivers cease to flow. Results from studies at various locations, such as Billiluna and Halls Creek, suggest that MVE virus is occasionally epizootic in many arid areas of the Kimberley. It is probable, therefore, that the area in which the Ord River irrigation area was established was similar and, consequently, that prior to the irrigation scheme being implemented, MVE was also epizootic. Since 1972, our studies in the Ord River irrigation area and elsewhere in the Kimberley region on virus isolations from mosquitoes, on serological investigations of humans, animals and sentinel chickens, and on human cases of Australian encephalitis, have clearly shown that MVE virus is now enzootic in the Ord River area and probably in other foci such as the Derby and Broome areas of the West Kimberley region. Elsewhere, in arid areas of the Kimberley and in the Pilbara, MVE virus is epizootic and virus activity is probably initiated either by virus reactivation from desiccation-resistant mosquito eggs or by introduction through viraemic vertebrate hosts. The situation in the Northern Territory is less clear as insufficient data have been accumulated. However, it is probable that MVE is enzootic in the wetlands in the north of the Northern Territory, but epizootic in the more arid areas further south extending east from the Kimberley border. Since 1978 there has been a substantial increase in the number of cases of Australian encephalitis throughout the Kimberley and Northern Territory that cannot be ascribed to either an increase in population or a heightened awareness among clinicians. Thus, although based largely on circumstantial evidence, we believe that the Ord River Irrigation Area has had a profound effect on MVE virus activity and indeed has resulted in the virus becoming enzootic in the area. We also believe that this large, stable enzootic focus has provided the source for regular epizootic incursions to other areas of the Kimberley and adjacent arid areas of the Northern Territory, and to the Pilbara, and has probably established smaller enzootic foci in the West Kimberley. As virus can persist in desiccation-resistant mosquito eggs, it is probable that most areas of the Kimberley and adjacent areas of the." In Water Resources, 136. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-27.

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