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Galileu, Speranza Lais. "Development of a new route for direct conversion of wet algae to biodiesel." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7591/.
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Algae have been studied as a potential biodiesel feedstock by identifying on a global scale suitable cultivation locations for three specific cases (EU, US and Brazil) based on the area requirements. A direct conversion of oil harvested from wet algae to biodiesel was undertaken using ethanol at supercritical conditions, eliminating the use of catalyst, feedstock drying and the oil extraction steps. Chlorella vulgaris with 7.3% wt. lipid content was characterised (by elemental, chemical and thermal analyses) and used to assess the supercritical ethanol approach. A biodiesel yield of 47.5% wt. was achieved in a flow reactor at 260°C, 75 bar, aqueous algae concentration of 6 mg·mL-1 and 2 mL·min-1 flowrate. This result demonstrates the advantages of the flow reactor over a batch process where the maximum biodiesel yield was 26% wt. after 6 hours. A life cycle analysis of the proposed route showed that biodiesel yield must exceed 60% wt. to make the process competitive when compared to the traditional route of oil extraction and catalyst transesterification adopted to algae biodiesel production. In comparison to the soybean biodiesel, the use of algae as feedstock would not be justified unless improvements to reduce energy consumption are made.
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Gorantla, Sandeep, Alicja Bachmatiuk, Jeonghyun Hwang, Hussain A. Alsalman, Kwak Joon Young, Thomas Seyller, Jürgen Eckert, Michael G. Spencer, and Mark H. Rümmeli. "A universal transfer route for graphene." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36288.
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Often synthetic graphene requires transfer onto an arbitrary substrate prior to use because the substrate it was originally synthesized on is inappropriate for either electrical measurement or characterization. While a variety of routes have been developed they are substrate dependant and often involve the use of harsh treatments. Here we present a facile and cheap route that can be applied to graphene over any substrate. This universal transfer route is based on a wet chemical reaction producing gaseous species which can intercalate between the substrate and the graphene and thus gently delaminate the two.
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Lucian, Michela. "Hydrothermal Carbonization as an efficient route for organic waste conversion." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/264958.
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The production of municipal solid waste has continued to grow in recent years. In Italy, municipal solid waste production reaches about 29 million tons per year. The organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), which accounts for 30-40% of the total waste, usually undergoes biological treatments such as anaerobic digestion or composting, or is incinerated or landfilled. Biological treatments are considered not economically viable due to the long processing time (20-30 days), while incineration and landfilling are considered as low cost but polluting processes. In contrast, Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) is a cost-effective process to treat organic waste especially for the shorter processing time (0.5-8 h) and the possibility to treat directly wet heterogeneous materials.
This thesis aims to investigate the potential use of HTC to upgrade OFMSW and other biomasses to biofuels or valuable byproducts.
Chapter 1 gives an overview on the state of the art of HTC technology applied to organic wastes, focusing both on mechanisms and on the characteristics of reaction products. Chapter 2 investigates the potential use of HTC to upgrade the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) into biofuel and byproducts. The impact of process conditions (process time, temperature and solid load) on the formation, chemical and energy properties of hydrochar was deeply investigated. To analyze the behavior of hydrochar as a solid biofuel, the combustion (oxidation) of hydrochar and the co-firing (co-oxidation) of hydrochars and coals was also investigated. The results show that, especially at HTC harsher conditions, hydrochar is a “coal-like” material, that can be used as a valuable solid biofuel. The results evidenced that hydrochar is composed of primary char and secondary char. Primary char (non-extractable with organic solvents) has characteristics similar to coal and could be recovered for combustion, while secondary char is an amorphous and more volatile solid, easily extracted with organic solvents, which found possible application as a source of biochemicals and liquid bio-fuel.
Chapter 3 investigates the use of HTC as a promising pre-treatment to enhance the biomethane potential during anaerobic digestion of OFMSW. Anaerobic digestion experiments were carried out using the HTC process liquid and the entire HTC reaction mixtures. Results proved that, when compared to the raw OFMSW, the use of HTC liquid and HTC mixture into AD lead to an increase of biomethane production of up to 37% and 363% by volume, respectively.
Chapter 4 reports an HTC kinetics study and a kinetic model, which accounted for reactions leading to the production of primary and secondary char, as well as the liquid and gas phases. The model was optimized using experimental data performed on a lignocellulosic feedstock (olive trimmings) and validated on two other types of biomasses (grape marc and Opuntia Ficus Indica) and was used as a reliable tool to predict the carbon distribution among HTC products. In this chapter an in-depth analysis was also carried out to understand the evolution of feedstock characteristics during the heat-up transient phase before reaching the HTC set-point temperature. The results show that during heat up, the feedstock carbonized to a considerable extent at 220-250 °C. Tests clearly show evidence of the transition between thermal hydrolysis and HTC.
Chapter 5 presents a study conducted to evaluate the economic feasibility and the detailed energy and cost analyses of a hypothetical HTC plant transforming wet biomass into pelletized dry hydrochar. To achieve these goals, a model was developed on the basis of experimental results obtained previously on two other organic materials (grape marc and off-specification compost). The results show that, when operating the HTC plant with grape marc at the optimal HTC conditions (T=220 °C, t=1 h, dry biomass to water ratio=0.19), the production cost of hydrochar were determined to be 157 €/ton, competitive with the price of wood pellets (150-200 €/ton). This makes HTC a promising process for a large development at the industrial scale.
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Brunck, Annette. "Die Hecogenin-Cephalostatin-Route ein Weg aus dem Spiroketal-Dilemma /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=957236034.
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Young, Michael I. "Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles with different morphologies by wet chemistry routes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25368.
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The objectives of this project were to synthesise semi-conducting ceramic nanoparticles including zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) through a wet chemistry route to obtain nanoparticles with a controlled size and morphology. Wet chemistry methods (co-precipitation method and hydrothermal method) were used to synthesise ZnO and AZO particles. In the synthesis, various compounds and morphologies were synthesised. ZnO, Zn(OH)2 and unknown phases were co-precipitated, with only ZnO obtained following hydrothermal treatment. Morphologies ranging from platelets, flower-like, nanorods and microflowers were obtained. Particle sizes as small as 11 nm were characterised. Nanorod and nanosphere AZO particles were also synthesised with the results indicated the average grain size decreasing with increasing Al atomic content. Three orthogonal arrays were carried out to investigate the effects of the reaction parameters on the size and morphology of ZnO particles. The applicability of the orthogonal array was successful, with the optimum parameters of both hydrothermal experiments showing an increase in aspect ratio. The L/D ratio of ZnO nanorods obtained in the confirmation experiment increased to 9.4 which was larger than the ZnO synthesised using other reaction conditions (1.0 8.0). Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterise the properties of the obtained particles. Morphology, crystallinity and particle size were all characterised.
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Barker, Paul Michael. "A new route to high-performance functional films on polymeric web." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555834.
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The potential to produce coatings with enhanced properties has made high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) an area of great interest within the surface engineering community in recent years. Many papers and conference presentations are coming from the academic community but, at present, industry is slow to take up the technology due to known or perceived processing issues (low deposition rates, power supply instabilities, difficulties with reactive process control, etc.). Also, as yet, few applications have emerged to convince industry that this technology merits the significant investment required to move from lab-scale to production-scale processing. During this thesis a thin (>1 μm) aluminium doped zinc oxide film with a resistivity of 3.38.10-3 Ωcm has been achieved, without annealing of the coating, with low absorption of k - 3.4.10-3. A relationship between peak power and deposition rate has been explored in order to provide further understanding of the coatings produced by HiPIMS. These coatings have simultaneously been deposited onto 12 μm PET without damage to the substrate during static deposition under stable plasma conditions during coating runs of over 15 minutes. Further investigation showed that this resistivity relates to enlarged grain growth in the film and that enlarged grains may also be grown for thin films of an industrially relevant thickness, 100 nm. Further structural modifications have also been made in terms of microstructure of the films and surface roughness, when compared to films prepared by conventional methods such as direct current magnetron sputtering. Further insight into the HiPIMS process has been gained through a study of optical emission spectroscopy and hysteresis for the HiPIMS plasma and, whilst complete understanding of the process has not been attained, the complications and need for multi-parameter analysis have been put forward to aid further research in the field. To increase the understanding gained during this work, titania coatings have also been made as this material proved easy to use during experiments (the reactive zinc oxide process was prone to significant electrical arcing). This also provided a second material for use as comparison. Aluminium doped zinc oxide coatings were also produced by atomic layer deposition, again as a point of comparison to HiPIMS between two very different techniques. This thesis provides additional insight into the process control of commercially useful aluminium doped zinc oxide films to aid with the development of the process for the industrial scale. It also demonstrates that such films can be grown to an industrially relevant scale with the option to deposit these films on thin polymeric web without damage to the substrate. In this manner, the potential of the process is demonstrated although further optimisation would be required for production of the material. The commercial promise of the process is shown; an important factor for the future of HiPIMS technology.
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Richter, Kai-Florian. "Context-specific route directions generation of cognitively motivated wayfinding instructions." Berlin Aka, 2007. http://d-nb.info/987640062/04.
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Drévillon, Lucie. "Procédés alternatifs d’extraction de lipides à partir de la levure oléagineuse Yarrowia lipolytica." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2399.
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Ce travail de recherche portait sur l'extraction d'huile microbienne, notamment de certains actifs inhabituels comme les acides gras cyclopropanes, à partir de la levure oléagineuse Yarrowia lipolytica. L'objectif était de développer un itinéraire d'extraction en voie humide afin de réduire le coût global de production de cette huile microbienne. Pour cela, des pré-traitements de la matière ont été mis en œuvre (pressage, champs électriques pulsés, décharges électriques de haute tension, ultrasons et homogénéisation haute pression) afin de lyser les cellules. L'impact de ces technologies sur le rendement en huile extraite et le profil en acides gras a été étudié. Le criblage, en voie sèche, de ces différents procédés a permis de sélectionner les deux techniques les plus efficaces à approfondir : les ultrasons et l'homogénéisation haute pression (HHP). Afin d'améliorer leur efficacité, les ultrasons ont été appliqués directement en voie humide en utilisant une suspension de levures dans un solvant. Les paramètres clés du traitement ont été optimisés. Ainsi, le même rendement d'extraction d'huile a pu être obtenu en voie humide comparativement à la voie sèche. L'HHP a tout d'abord été étudiée en voie sèche afin de déterminer les valeurs optimales des paramètres opératoires. Par la suite, la faisabilité d'une extraction en voie humide a été démontrée. Une suspension a subi un pré-traitement à 150 MPa à température ambiante pendant 5 passages puis a été extraite dans un solvant à l'aide d'un disperseur à haute vitesse. Le rendement maximal obtenu par cette méthode était très proche de celui de l'extraction voie sèche qui permettait de récupérer la totalité de l'huileThis research work was focused on microbial oil extraction, especially unusual molecules such as cyclopropane fatty acids, from the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. The aim was to develop a wet extraction route in order to reduce the overall cost of microbial oil production. Therefore, biomass pretreatments were studied (mechanical pressing, pulsed electric fields, high voltage electrical discharges, ultrasounds and high pressure homogenization) in order to disrupt the cell wall. The effect of these technologies on oil extraction and fatty acid profile was investigated. Screening of these technologies in dry route allowed the selection of two effective techniques; ultrasounds and high pressure homogenization, which were further studied. ln order to enhance their efficiency, ultrasounds were directly applied in a wet route (yeast suspension in an extracting solvent). The key parameters were optimized and, thus, the same yield was obtained for both wet and dry routes. High pressure homogenization was studied in dry route in order to determine the optimum values for pressure, the number of passes and the temperature. The feasibility of a wet route extraction has been then demonstrated. A yeast suspension was treated by high pressure homogenization at 150 MPa, room temperature, and for 5 passes. Oil was then extracted in a solvent using a high speed disperser. Following this methodology, the maximum oil recovery yield was very close to the yield reached in the dry route
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Di, Nicola Marco. "Un servizio di route planning per scenari di mobilità elettrica." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7209/.
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Nelle smart cities moderne, la mobilità di veicoli elettrici (EV) è considerata un fattore determinante nella riduzione del consumo di combustibili fossili e conseguenti emissioni inquinanti.
Tuttavia, nonostante gli interessi e investimenti a livello globale, l'accettazione da parte degli utenti è ancora bassa, principalmente a causa della mancanza di infrastrutture e servizi a supporto dei guidatori di EV.
Queste mancanze sono la causa principale della cosiddetta range anxiety (timore che il veicolo non abbia autonomia sufficiente per raggiungere la destinazione) e hanno portato al preconcetto che gli EV siano adatti alla sola percorrenza di brevi tragitti.
Per contrastare questi problemi, in questo documento è proposta un'applicazione di route planning che supporti mobilità di EV anche su percorsi medio-lunghi, mediante utilizzo di un modello di predizione del consumo energetico e considerazione dell'eventuale necessità di ricarica.
Saranno descritte tecniche per determinare il tragitto che un EV sia in grado di percorrere per arrivare a destinazione, in considerazione di restrizioni energetiche, fattore altimetrico del percorso ed eventuali operazioni di ricarica necessarie.
Il modello di consumo e l'algoritmo che determina il miglior percorso (dal punto di vista energetico) sono implementati da un web service che interagisce con i servizi di Google Maps (per ottenere indicazioni stradali, dati altimetrici e informazioni in tempo reale sul traffico) e con servizi che offrono informazioni sulle stazioni di ricarica e relative posizioni.
Dopo aver descritto il modello di consumo e l'algoritmo per la ricerca del percorso, sarà presentata l'architettura del servizio implementato.
Sarà quindi fornita una valutazione del servizio, analizzandone performance e scalabilità, nonché l'efficacia nel supporto di percorsi di EV all'interno di scenari su larga scala (nello specifico la regione Emilia Romagna), attraverso tecniche di simulazione.
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Imtiaz, Jahanzaib. "Route transmission & control applications and Java web services route transmission and control using a Java EE5 web service and a vehicle based mobile device (cellular phone or a PDA with GPS)." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988696614/04.
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Smith, Gregory Vance. "The faceless mountain and the Key West route : interdisciplinary study of the pilgrimage archetype." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001573.
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Alm, Anton, and Joakim Björling. "Prestandautvärdering av firmwares baserade på öppen källkod för routrar/brandväggar på MIPS-arkitektur : Jämförelse mellan Open-WRT, DD-WRT och Tomato firmware." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap (DV), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36007.
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Den här undersökningen jämför prestanda hos tre olika firmwares som är baserade på öppen källkod. DD-WRT, Open-WRT samt Tomato Firmware för MIPS-arkitektur. Testerna följer två RFC som beskriver hur en prestandaanalys av ett nätverk ska genomföras. De sammanfattade resultaten pekar på en vinnare som presterat generellt bättre genom alla tester och det var Tomato firmware. Dessa resultat är hämtade från tre olika tester: genomströmningstest, svarstidstest och test med samtidiga sessioner. Undersökningen visar också att prestandan rent generellt är väldigt jämlik över alla firmwares i de olika testerna. En viktig aspekt är att det finns ingen överlägsen vinnare, vilket beror på, till exempel, hur konsekventa resultaten varit. Detta hänger även ihop med en möjlig slutsats där firmwaresen presterar olika bra beroende på vilken typ av uppgift det gäller. Som fortsatt arbete rekommenderas prestanda och funktionsanalys av liknande verktyg som varje firmware innehåller. Även en undersökning gällande gränssnittet för varje firmware skulle vara intressant.This investigation compares the performance of three different open-source firmwares. DD-WRT, Open-WRT and Tomato Firmware with MIPS architecture. The test follows two RFC that describes the process of how to perform a performance analysis of network interconnected devices. The summarized results show a winner which has generally performed better throughout all the tests and this was Tomato firmware. These results are gathered from three different tests, which is throughput, latency and concurrent sessions test. The survey also shows that the performance in general is very equal across all firmwares in the various tests. An important aspect is that there are no outstanding winner, which depends on for example how consistent the results have been. This also concerns a possible conclusion where the firmwares perform various well depending on the type of task involved. As further work on this investigation we recommend a performance and function analysis of the tools that the firmware contains. Although a survey of the interface for each firmware would be interesting.
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Lombard, Andrea. "Wind energy landscapes, place attachment and tourism in the Route 27/West Coast Region of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79872.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The West Coast Region (WCR) of the Western Cape Province in South Africa is earmarked for at least 13 windfarm developments. These proposed developments represent an investment in and a movement towards cleaner and alternative ways of energy generation. All developments that will alter the environment or landscape are usually received with some sort of opposition. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the presence of wind turbines in the form of wind farms will have any affect on the sense of place of insiders of (residents) and outsiders (visitors) to the West Coast Region, the insiders’ attachment to their natural landscapes and the outsiders’ experiences of the region. In the context of multiple issues arising from a very complex discourse around the possible effects that the proposed windfarms are perceived to have in the WCR, this study approached the research topic from three perspectives of inquiry: (1) windfarms and people’s place attachment; (2) windfarms and landscape aesthetic and function interference; and (3) windfarms and its effect on tourism. The study area includes 15 towns of three subregions of the WCR, namely the Swartland, West Coast Peninsula and Bergrivier subregions. The research objectives are seven fold, namely (1) to establish a solid base and understanding of the concepts and constructs related to wind energy, landscape aesthetics and place attachment; (2) to review appropriate case studies reported in the international literature and apply relevant methodologies in this study; (3) investigate theories, types and models of public decision making to explore the degree to which these could be applied to windfarm support or objection in the WCR; (4) to critique current policies in windfarm establishment and discover whether and how these shape social objection to or support for windfarm development in the WCR; (5) to establish the perceptions and attitudes relating to wind turbines of three groups of actors (tourism industry, tourists and residents) in the WCR by conducting questionnaire surveys in 15 West Coast towns and villages and interpret these views in relation to the impacts of wind turbines on the local landscape; (6) to determine the insiders’ place attachments to the WCR, whether the presence of wind turbines will affect these attachments and whether their attachments influence decisions to support or oppose the proposed windfarm developments; and (7) to assess the extent to which the presence of wind turbines will affect the tourism value of the region. Primary data was further strengthened by semi-structured interviews, informal conversations and observation at public participation and specialized group meetings. Data was analysed using SPSS, Excel and ArcGIS. The findings indicate that respondents are concerned with issues related to the sustainability of the natural environment and that the residents of the WCR possess a strong sense of attachment to the region, but no clear indication was found that their place attachment serve as a reason for their opposition to the proposed windfarm developments. Although the support for windfarm development decreases from a national to a regional level and to the local level of in or close to the towns in which respondents reside, their opposition to windfarm development in the region cannot only be regarded as simple not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) attitudes. Seventy-five per cent of the respondents regard the physical landscape of the WCR as very special, but would still support the development of windfarms in the region indicating that the respondents do not believe the construction of wind turbines in the WCR landscapes will influence the special character of landscapes negatively. There is no indication presently that the tourism industry would be affected negatively by windfarm development in the region as both residents and visitors do not believe that windfarms deter tourists from visiting certain areas and more than 90% of visitors indicated they would return to the WCR after a number of windfarms have been developed. It is recommended that a post-development impact study be conducted to determine the attitudes toward windfarm development in the WCR following the deployment of wind turbines.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Weskus-streek in die Wes-Kaap provinsie van Suid-Afrika word geoormerk vir ten minste 13 windplaas ontwikkelinge. Hierdie voorgestelde ontwikkelinge verteenwoordig ‘n belegging in en ‘n beweging na skoner en alternatiewe maniere van energieopwekking. Alle ontwikkelinge wat die omgewing of landskap sal verander word gewoonlik ontvang deur ‘n mate van teenkanting. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of die teenwoordigheid van windturbines in die vorm van windplase enige invloed op die plekbewustheid van inwoners van en besoekers aan die Weskus-streek, hulle gehegdheid aan die streek se natuurlike landskappe en besoekers se ervarings van die streek sal uitoefen. Binne die konteks van verskeie kwessies met hul oorsprong vanuit ‘n baie komplekse diskoers rondom die moontlike effekte wat vermeen word die voorgestelde windplase op die Weskus-streek sal hê, benader hierdie studie die navorsingsonderwerp vanuit drie navraagsperspektiewe: (1) windplase en mense se plekgehegdheid; (2) windplase en landskap estetiese en funksie steuring; en (3) windplase en die effek daarvan op toerisme. Die studie area sluit 15 dorpe uit drie substreke van die Weskus-streek in, naamlik die Swartland, Weskus Skiereiland en Bergrivier substreke. Die navorsingsdoelwitte is sewevoudig, naamlik (1) om ‘n konseptuele basis en verstaan van konsepte en konstrukte geassosieerd met windenergie-opwekking, landskap estetika en plekgehegdheid te kweek; (2) om toepaslike gevallestudies te hersien en sommige relevante metodologie vir die studie aan te wend; (3) om teorieë, tipes en modelle van publieke besluitneming te ondersoek ten einde te bepaal tot watter graad dit aangewend kan word tot windplaasondersteuning of teenkanting in die Weskus-streek; (4) om kritiek te lewer op huidige beleide van windplaasontwikkeling en te ontdek tot watter mate en hoe dit sosiale teenkanting of ondersteuning van windplaasontwikkeling in die Weskus-streek vorm; (5) om die persepsies en houdings van drie groepe deelnemers (die toerisme industrie, toeriste en inwoners) in die Weskus-streek te bepaal deur vraelysopnames in 15 Weskus dorpe te doen en hierdie sienings in verhouding met die impakte van windturbines op die plaaslike landskap te interpreer; (6) om die inwoners se plekgehegdheid tot die Weskus-streek te bepaal en of die teenwoordigheid van wind turbines hierdie gehegdheid sal affekteer en of hul gehegdheid besluitneming rakende die ondersteuning vir, of teenkanting teen, windplaasontwkkeling beïnvloed; en (7) om te bepaal tot watter mate die teenwoordigheid van windturbines die toerisme waarde van die streek sal affekteer. Primêre data is verder versterk deur semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude, informele gesprekke en waarneming by publieke deelname sessies en gespesialiseerde groepsvergaderings. Data is ontleed deur middel van SPSS, Excel en ArcGIS. Daar is bevind dat respondente besorg is oor kwessies rondom die volhoubaarheid van die natuurlike omgewing en dat die inwoners van die Weskus-streek ‘n sterk gehegtheid aan die streek het, maar geen definitiewe aanduiding is gevind dat hulle gehegdheid aan die streek as ‘n behoorlike rede vir hul teenstand teen die voorgestelde windplase aangevoer kan word nie. Alhoewel ondersteuning vir windplase afneem vanaf nasionaal na streeksvlak en die plaaslike vlak van binne of naby die dorp waar respondente woon, kan teenkanting teen die ontwikkeling van windplase in die streek nie slegs eenvoudig as ‘n nie-in-my-agterplaas houding (NIMAP) beskou word nie. Vyf-en-sewentig persent van die respondente ag die fisiese landskap van die Weskus-streek as baie spesiaal, maar ondersteun steeds windplaasontwikkeling in die streek wat aandui dat die respondente nie van mening is dat die oprigting van windturbines in die Weskus-streek landskappe die spesiale karakter van hierdie landskappe negatief sal beïnvloed nie. Daar is tans geen aanduiding dat die toerismebedryf negatief deur windplaasontwikkeling beïnvloed sal word nie aangesien beide inwoners en besoekers aangedui het dat hul nie van mening is dat windplase toeriste sal verhinder om sekere areas te besoek nie. Negentig persent van besoekers het aangedui dat hul steeds sal terugkeer na die Weskus-streek ná die ontwikkeling van ‘n aantal windplase. Dit word aanbeveel dat ‘n ná-ontwikkeling impakstudie onderneem word om die houdings jeens windplaasontwikkeling in die Weskus-streek ná oprigting van die turbines te ondersoek.
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Zehnder, Markus Philipp. "Wegmetaphorik im Alten Testament : eine semantische Untersuchung der alttestamentlichen und altorientalischen Weg-Lexeme mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer metaphorischen Verwendung /." Berlin : W. de Gruyter, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399009537.
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Thieme, Michael, Christa Blank, de Oliveira Aline Pereira, Hartmut Worch, Ralf Frenzel, Susanne Höhne, Frank Simon, Lewis Hilton G. Pryce, and Aleksandr J. White. "Superhydrophobic Aluminum Surfaces: Preparation Routes, Properties and Artificial Weathering Impact." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-107085.
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Among the materials that can be treated in order to impart superhydrophobic properties are many originally hydrophilic metals. For this, they must undergo a sequential treatment, including roughening and hydrophobic coating. This contribution presents various preparation routes along with various characterization methods, such as dynamic contact angle (DCA) measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spectroscopic techniques (FT–IRRAS, XPS, EIS).
Micro-rough surfaces of pure and alloyed aluminum were generated most easily by using a modifie Sulfuric Acid Anodization under Intensifie conditions (SAAi). This produces a micro-mountain-like oxide morphology with peak-to-valley heights of 2 μm and sub-μm roughness components. Additionally, micro-embossed and micro-blasted surfaces were investigated. These micro-roughened initial states were chemically modifie with a solution of a hydrophobic compound, such as the reactive f uoroalkylsilane PFATES, the reactive alkyl group containing polymer POMA, or the polymer Teflo ® AF. Alternatively, the chemical modificatio was made by a Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition (HFCVD) of a PTFE layer. The latter can form a considerably higher thickness than the wet-deposited coatings, without detrimental leveling effects being observed in comparison with the original micro-rough surface. The inherent and controllable morphology of the PTFE layers represents an important feature. The impacts of a standardized artificia weathering (WTH) on the wetting behavior and the surface-chemical properties were studied and discussed in terms of possible damage mechanisms. A very high stability of the superhydrophobicity was observed for the f uorinated wet-deposited PFATES and Teflo ® AF coatings as well as for some of the PTFE layer variants, all on SAAi-pretreated substrates. Very good results were also obtained for specimens produced by appropriate mechanical roughening and PTFE coating.
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Ibanez, Usach Rafael. "Evaluation of route alternatives for a new railway by-pass through the west of Stockholm from an accessibility perspective." Thesis, KTH, Trafik och logistik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-59687.
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Thieme, Michael, Christa Blank, de Oliveira Aline Pereira, Hartmut Worch, Ralf Frenzel, Susanne Höhne, Frank Simon, Lewis Hilton G. Pryce, and Aleksandr J. White. "Superhydrophobic Aluminum Surfaces: Preparation Routes, Properties and Artificial Weathering Impact." Technische Universität Dresden, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26716.
Full textAbstract:
Among the materials that can be treated in order to impart superhydrophobic properties are many originally hydrophilic metals. For this, they must undergo a sequential treatment, including roughening and hydrophobic coating. This contribution presents various preparation routes along with various characterization methods, such as dynamic contact angle (DCA) measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spectroscopic techniques (FT–IRRAS, XPS, EIS).
Micro-rough surfaces of pure and alloyed aluminum were generated most easily by using a modifie Sulfuric Acid Anodization under Intensifie conditions (SAAi). This produces a micro-mountain-like oxide morphology with peak-to-valley heights of 2 μm and sub-μm roughness components. Additionally, micro-embossed and micro-blasted surfaces were investigated. These micro-roughened initial states were chemically modifie with a solution of a hydrophobic compound, such as the reactive f uoroalkylsilane PFATES, the reactive alkyl group containing polymer POMA, or the polymer Teflo ® AF. Alternatively, the chemical modificatio was made by a Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition (HFCVD) of a PTFE layer. The latter can form a considerably higher thickness than the wet-deposited coatings, without detrimental leveling effects being observed in comparison with the original micro-rough surface. The inherent and controllable morphology of the PTFE layers represents an important feature. The impacts of a standardized artificia weathering (WTH) on the wetting behavior and the surface-chemical properties were studied and discussed in terms of possible damage mechanisms. A very high stability of the superhydrophobicity was observed for the f uorinated wet-deposited PFATES and Teflo ® AF coatings as well as for some of the PTFE layer variants, all on SAAi-pretreated substrates. Very good results were also obtained for specimens produced by appropriate mechanical roughening and PTFE coating.
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Watts, Nicole Frances. "Routes to ethnic resistance : virtual Kurdistan west and the transformation of Kurdish politics in Turkey /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10842.
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Waldvogel, Marcel. "Fast longest prefix matching : algorithms, analysis, and applications /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13266.
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Waldron, Christopher J. "Determination of the Design Parameters for the Route 601 Bridge: A Bridge Containing the Strongwell 36 inch Hybrid Composite Double Web Beam." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34414.
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The Route 601 Bridge spans 39 ft over Dickey Creek in Sugar Grove, VA and represents the first use of Strongwell's 36 in. double web beam (DWB) as the main load carrying members for a traffic bridge. The bridge was designed for AASHTO HS20-44 and AASHTO alternate military loading with a targeted deflection limit of L/800. For the preliminary design, conservative properties for the 36 in. DWB were assumed based on experience at Virginia Tech with Strongwell's 8 in. DWB used in the Tom's Creek Bridge. An elastic modulus (E) of 6,000 ksi and a shear stiffness (kGA) of 20,000 ksi-in2 were assumed and used with Timoshenko shear deformable beam theory to characterize the beams and determine the deflections.
This thesis details the experimental work conducted in conjunction with the design of the Route 601 Bridge, which had two goals. First, a deck-to-girder connection was tested to determine if a bolted connection could develop composite action between the girder and the deck. This connection was shown to provide a significant amount of composite action when used with the 8 in. DWB and a composite deck, but little or no composite action when used with the 36 in. DWB and a glue-laminated timber deck. Second, eleven 36 in. DWB's were tested to determine their stiffness properties (EI and kGA) to insure that these properties were above the values assumed in the preliminary design, and all the beams had stiffness properties that were close to or above the assumed values. The eleven beams were also proof tested to a moment equivalent to five times the service load moment to insure the safety of the Route 601 Bridge, and one beam was tested to failure to determine the failure mode and residual stiffness of the 36 in. DWB. Finally, based on these results eight beams were chosen for the Route 601 Bridge.Master of Science
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Pannitschka, Sophie. "Mitspieler werden. Parzivâls Weg - vom Mittelalter in die Postmoderne Identitätsentfaltung im "Roten Ritter" von Adolf Muschg." Marburg Tectum-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991067940/04.
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Richter, Cintea. "Pontes geoliterárias em Onde a Europa começa e em Às margens do Spree de Yoko Tawada." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/184593.
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O espaço em toda a sua complexidade de relações é o objeto central de estudo da Geografia. É também um aspecto de relevância nos estudos de textos literários, uma vez que praticamente todas as narrativas se passam em algum lugar, seja ele real ou fictício. Esta dissertação busca o diálogo entre a Literatura e a Geografia, por meio do estudo de dois textos literários da autora Yoko Tawada. Levando em consideração as mudanças no âmbito da mobilidade e da configuração do espaço mundial, analiso como esse processo emerge na Literatura atual, mais especificamente nos textos Onde a Europa começa (1991) e Às margens do Spree (2007), em que a autora Yoko Tawada desloca(liza) suas personagens em viagens entre o Oriente e o Ocidente. Para isso, debruço-me sobre cada narrativa individualmente, mas também as comparando, levando em consideração a passagem do tempo entre uma publicação e outra. Busco tecer uma análise interdisciplinar e intertextual. Dentre os teóricos cujo aporte se torna o fio condutor do trabalho, Ottmar Ette (2001) é responsável por ajudar na leitura da transarealidade do espaço, na interpretação das coreografias realizadas pelas personagens e na investigação de rotas e fluxos cristalizados na Geografia e na Literatura. Franco Moretti (2008) traz seu olhar “de longe” e sua coragem de aproximar comparatistas literários da cartografia e de evidenciá-la como uma ferramenta importante. O geógrafo Eric Dardel (1990), relacionando o Homem com o espaço ao seu redor. O geógrafo Edward Soja (1993), questionando de forma crítica o espaço atual. Todas essas vozes se complementam, ressaltando a potência dos textos estudados e permitindo novas aproximações.This dissertation seeks the dialogue between Geography and Literature through the study of two literary texts of the author Yoko Tawada. Considering the changes in mobility and the configuration of the world space throughout History to the present day, I analyze how this process emerges in the current Literature, more specifically in the texts Where Europe Begins (1991) and At the Spree (2007), in which the author Yoko Tawada (dis)places her characters on trips between East and West. In order to do so, I focus on each narrative individually, but also comparing them, taking into account the passage of time between one publication and the other. Space, in all its complexity of relationships, is the central object of study of Geography. It is also a relevant aspect in the studies of literary texts, since almost all narratives happen somewhere, real or fictitious. The theoretical support comes from different areas of knowledge, resulting in an interdisciplinary and intertextual analysis. However, it is important to highlight the theorists whose contribution became the guiding thread of this research. Thus, Ottmar Ette (2001) is responsible for helping to read the transareality of space, the interpretation of the choreography performed by the characters, and the investigation of routes and crystallized flows in Geography and Literature. Franco Moretti (2008) brings his "from afar" perspective and his courage to approach literary comparatists of cartography and to evidence it as an important tool. The geographer Eric Dardel (1990), relating Man with the space around him. The geographer Edward Soja (1993), critically questioning the current space. All these voices complement each other, highlighting the power of the texts studied and allowing new approaches.
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Stefanik, Christina L. "West German Terror: The Lasting Legacy of the Red Army Faction." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1245696702.
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Werner, Matthias, and Mario Haustein. "Ortsbezogene Anwendungen und Dienste: 9. Fachgespräch der GI/ITG-Fachgruppe Kommunikation und Verteilte Systeme ; 13. & 14. September 2012." Technische Universität Chemnitz, 2013. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A19837.
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Der Aufenthaltsort eines mobilen Benutzers stellt eine wichtige Information für Anwendungen aus den Bereichen Mobile Computing, Wearable Computing oder Ubiquitous Computing dar. Ist ein mobiles Endgerät in der Lage, die aktuelle Position des Benutzers zu bestimmen, kann diese Information von der Anwendung berücksichtigt werden -- man spricht dabei allgemein von ortsbezogenen Anwendungen. Eng verknüpft mit dem Begriff der ortsbezogenen Anwendung ist der Begriff des ortsbezogenen Dienstes. Hierbei handelt es sich beispielsweise um einen Dienst, der Informationen über den aktuellen Standort übermittelt. Mittlerweile werden solche Dienste kommerziell eingesetzt und erlauben etwa, dass ein Reisender ein Hotel, eine Tankstelle oder eine Apotheke in der näheren Umgebung findet. Man erwartet, nicht zuletzt durch die Einführung von LTE, ein großes Potenzial ortsbezogener Anwendungen für die Zukunft.
Das jährlich stattfindende Fachgespräch "Ortsbezogene Anwendungen und Dienste" der GI/ITG-Fachgruppe Kommunikation und Verteilte Systeme hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, aktuelle Entwicklungen dieses Fachgebiets in einem breiten Teilnehmerkreis aus Industrie und Wissenschaft zu diskutieren. Der vorliegende Konferenzband fasst die Ergebnisse des neunten Fachgesprächs zusammen.The location of a mobile user poses an important information for applications in the scope of Mobile Computung, Wearable Computing and Ubiquitous Computing. If a mobile device is able to determine the current location of its user, this information may be taken into account by an application. Such applications are called a location-based applications. Closely related to location-based applications are location-based services, which for example provides the user informations about his current location. Meanwhile such services are deployed commercially and enable travelers for example to find a hotel, a petrol station or a pharmacy in his vicinity. It is expected, not least because of the introduction of LTE, a great potential of locations-based applications in the future. The annual technical meeting "Location-based Applications and Services" of the GI/ITG specialized group "Communication and Dsitributed Systems" targets to discuss current evolutions in a broad group of participants assembling of industrial representatives and scientists. The present proceedings summarizes the result of the 9th annual meeting.
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Salap, Seda. "Development Of A Gis-based Monitoring And Management System For Underground Mining Safety." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609815/index.pdf.
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Mine safety is of paramount concern to the mining industry. The generation of a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) which can administrate relevant spatial data and metadata of underground mining safety efficiently is a very vital issue in this sense. In an effort to achieve a balance of safety and productivity, GIS can contribute to the creation of a safe working environment in underground (U/G) mining. Such a system should serve to a continuous risk analysis and be designed for applications in case of emergency. Concept for safety should require three fundamental components, namely (i) constructive safety(ii) surveillance and maintenance
and (iii) emergency. The implementation has to be carried out in a Web-Based Geographic Information System. The process comprises first the safety concept as the application domain model and then a conceptual model was generated in terms of Entity- Relationship Diagrams. After the implementation of the logical model a user interface was developed and GIS was tested. Finally, one should deal with the question if it is possible to extend the method of resolution used to a national GIS infrastructure.
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Jakova, Gjulio. "Personalizzazione di percorsi urbani attraverso beni culturali tangibili e intangibili: un prototipo per device mobili." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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L’obiettivo di questo lavoro di tesi è studiare un prototipo di applicazione per device mobili che offra agli utenti la possibilità di personalizzare percorsi urbani attraverso punti di interesse identificabili come beni culturali tangibili e intangibili, utilizzando meccanismi di augmented reality per ottenere un maggiore engagement da parte loro. Il prototipo realizzato nell’ambito di questo lavoro di tesi, si basa sui punti di interesse geolocalizzati per le città di Bologna e Cesena, per cui l’utente avrà una panoramica dei principali beni culturali tangibili e intangibili. I target users individuati per questo tipo di prototipo non sono solo gli appassionati di beni culturali, viaggiatori, turisti, ma anche semplicemente i cittadini che desiderano raggiungere un punto di interesse in città. Per agevolare l’utilizzo si è deciso di creare una app cross-platform che funzioni sia su Android che su iOS, attraverso l’uso del framework React Native. Il volume di tesi presenta una rassegna delle applicazioni presenti nel panorama attuale che hanno obiettivi simili a quella oggetto di questa tesi, ovvero progetti di intangible cultural heritage, progetti di cultural heritage, augmented reality in ambiente mobile, progetti per il calcolo del percorso personalizzato, con possibilità di configurazione da parte dell’utente e descrive le fasi di design, di implementazione e di testing del prototipo realizzato.
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Amoushahi, Sina. "Slope stability analysis of the west wall of LAB chrysotile mine in the vicinity of Road 112." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26410.
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Les pentes minières à proximité de routes publiques doivent être prises en compte lors du processus de conception de ces routes. Plusieurs mines à ciel ouvert sont actuellement en développement au Québec et certaines d'entre elles sont situées à proximité de routes nationales. Ce mémoire propose une revue de la littérature portant sur les pratiques mondiales actuelles en ce qui concerne la stabilité de pentes minières à proximité d’infrastructures publiques. Il examine ensuite la stabilité du mur ouest de la mine à ciel ouvert LAB Chrysotile à Thetford Mines (Québec) aux abords du nouveau tracé de la route 112. Les travaux de terrain effectués sur le site sont décrits. Des analyses déterministes et probabilistes sont effectuées à l'aide de la méthode de réduction de la résistance au cisaillement (SSR) implémentée dans un code d’éléments finis (FE) ainsi que l'analyse à l'équilibre limite (LE). L'impact du remplissage de la fosse et de sa vidange rapide ainsi que la stabilité à long terme de la pente sont également étudiés. Les résultats de toutes les analyses révèlent que cette pente respecte les limites acceptables des critères de conception étudiés.Mining slopes in the vicinity of public roads must be considered during the road design process. Several open-pit mines are currently in development in Quebec and some of them are located close to national highways. This M.Sc. thesis provides a review of the literature on some current practices around the world regarding mining slope design close to public infrastructures. It then investigates the stability of the west wall of the LAB Chrysotile open-pit mine in Thetford Mines (Quebec) in the vicinity of the new Road 112 location. The field work performed at the site is described. Deterministic and probabilistic analyses are conducted using finite element shear strength reduction (FE-SSR) and limit equilibrium (LE) methods. The impact of pit infilling and rapid dewatering, as well as long-term stability of the slope are also investigated. The results of all analyses reveal that the current mining slopes are within acceptable design criteria limits.
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Loreau, Tanguy. "Construction automatique de modèles multi-corps de substitution aux simulations de crashtests." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC082/document.
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Chez Renault, pour réaliser les études amont, les équipes en charge de la prestation du choc automobile disposent de modèles très simples leur permettant de pré-dimensionner le véhicule. Aujourd'hui, ils sont construits à partir du comportement d'un ou quelques véhicules de référence. Ils sont fonctionnels et permettent le dimensionnement. Mais à présent, l'entreprise souhaite construire ses modèles amont en s'appuyant sur l'ensemble de ses véhicules. En d'autres termes, elle souhaite disposer d'une méthode d'analyse automatique de simulations de crashtests afin de capitaliser leurs résultats dans une base de données de modèles simplifiés.Pour répondre à cet objectif, nous développons une méthode permettant d'extraire des simulations de crashtests les données nécessaires à la construction d'un modèle multi-corps de substitution : CrashScan. Le processus d'analyse implémenté dans CrashScan se résume en trois étapes majeures.La première consiste à identifier l'ensemble des zones peu déformées sur une simulation de crashtest. Cela nous permet de dresser le graphe topologique du futur modèle de substitution. La seconde étape est une analyse des cinématiques relatives entre les portions peu déformées : les directions principales et les modes de déformation (e.g. compression, flexion) sont identifiés en analysant le mouvement relatif. La dernière étape consiste à analyser les efforts et les moments situés entre les zones peu déformées dans les repères associés aux directions principales des déformations en fonction des déformations. Cela nous permet d'identifier des modèles hystérétiques de Bouc-Wen équivalents. Ces modèles disposent de trois paramètres utiles dans notre cas : une raideur, un effort seuil avant plastification et une pente d'écrouissage. Ces paramètres peuvent être utilisés directement par les experts des études amont.Enfin, nous construisons les modèles multi-corps de substitution pour trois cas d'étude différents. Nous les comparons alors à leur référence sur les résultats qu'ils fournissent pour les critères utilisés en amont : les modèles générés par CrashScan semblent apporter la précision et la fidélité nécessaires pour être utilisés en amont du développement automobile.Pour poursuivre ces travaux de recherche et aboutir à une solution industrielle, il reste néanmoins des verrous à lever dont les principaux sont la synthèse d'un mouvement quelconque en six mouvements élémentaires et la synthèse multi-corps sur des éléments autres que des poutresAt Renault, to fulfill upstream studies, teams in charge of crashworthiness use very simple models to pre-size the vehicle. Today, these models are built from the physical behavior of only one or some reference vehicles. They work and allow to size the project. But today, the company wishes to build its upstream models using all its vehicles. In other words, it wishes to get an automatic method to analyze crashtests simulations to capitalize their results in a database of simplified models.To meet this goal, we decide to use the multi-body model theory. We develop a method to analyze crashtests simulations in order to extract the data required to build a surrogate multi-body model : CrashScan. The analysis process implemented in CrashScan can be split into three major steps.The first one allows to identify the low deformed zones on a crashtest simulation. Then, we can build the topological graph of the future surrogate model. The second step is to analyze the relative kinematics between the low deformed zones : major directions and deformation modes (e.g. crushing or bending) are identified analysing relative movements. The last step is to analyze strengths and moments located between the low deformed zones, viewed in the frames associated to the major directions of deformations in function of the deformations. This allows us to identify equivalent Bouc-Wen hysteretic models. These models have three parameters that we can use : a stiffness, a threshold strength before plastification and a strain of hardening. These parameters can directly be used by upstream studies experts.Finally, we build multi-body models for three different use case. We compare them to their reference over the results they produce for the upstream criteria : models generated with CrashScan seems to grant the precision and the fidelity required to be used during automotive development's upstream phases.To continue this research work and get an industrial solution, there are still some locks to lift, the main ones are : synthesis of any movement into six elementary ones and multi-body synthesis on elements other than beams
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Verner, Lukáš. "Automatická konfigurace síťových prvků Cisco akademie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219309.
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his semestral´s thesis deals with proposal and system implementation for automatic configuration of Cisco network devices. This system is called AutoConf and it is intended for distant copying configuration files from eagle-server to the switches and routers in Cisco academy laboratory. It is handled by web pages placed on eagle-server. In this system, user can create new laboratory exercises with configuration files for network devices and then these files could be used for configurations. Informations about done configurations are saved in relation database MySQL. Network devices which will be configured by system AutoConf have to be connected with eagle-server. To setup their connection settings was created decision-making mechanism. If it detects physical connection between network device and eagle-server before network device starts, it will set network device for communication with eagle-server.
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Palau-Leguay, Floriane. "Union européenne et aide humanitaire : La DG ECHO à l'aune de la malnutrition au Sahel." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020065/document.
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La Direction générale responsable de l’aide humanitaire de la Commission européenne(DG ECHO) est un acteur particulier des relations internationales. Sa singularité est marquée par une institutionnalisation progressive et par un fonctionnement distinct au sein des institutions européennes.L’étude de la stratégie qu’elle a élaborée pour lutter contre la malnutrition au Sahel révèle tout particulièrement les forces, les faiblesses, mais aussi les opportunités et les contraintes de l’aide humanitaire de la Commission européenne. À la lumière de cette stratégie, la DG ECHO est parvenue à promouvoir une approche crédible et reconnue afin de combattre la malnutrition. Néanmoins, l’enjeu sécuritaire que représente ce phénomène expose les vulnérabilités de la Commission européenne, à plus forte raison dans le contexte volatil du Sahel. Le manque de cohérence des actions extérieures et l’administration de l’Union européenne se révèlent particulièrement contraignants.Pourtant, l’autorité et la maturité dont fait preuve la DG ECHO, notamment dans la dimension nutritionnelle de l’aide, lui offrent la légitimité d’exister et le privilège d’être devenu un acte urfondamental, voire incontournable, du système humanitaire. La plus-value qu’elle apporte repose sur l’expertise de son personnel mais aussi sur un partenariat original avec des opérateurs spécialisés. Au terme de deux décennies d’existence, la DG ECHO s’affirme et exerce une influence croissante sur la scène européenne, où elle contribue à la construction de l’identité de l’Union, mais aussi internationaleThe European Commission Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid (ECHO) has become a unique actor in international relations. Its singularity is defined by a progressive institutionalisation and a proper functioning within the European institutions. In particular, the study of the strategy ECHO has developed to fight malnutrition in the Sahel reveals the strengths, the weaknesses, the opportunities and the constraints of the European Commission humanitarian aid system. Indeed, ECHO has succeeded in promoting a credible and recognized policy to combat malnutrition. However, the security challenge posed by malnutrition exposes the European Commission’s vulnerabilities, which are heightened in the volatile environment of the Sahel. The lack of coherence of the EuropeanUnion external actions and administration are particularly constraining. Though, the authority and maturity displayed by ECHO, specifically in the nutritional dimensions of aid, has increased its legitimacy to exist and to be a key player in the humanitarian aid system. The added value it provides is based on the expertise of its staff,but also on a unique system of partnerships with specialized operators. Twenty years after its creation, ECHO has asserted itself and has a growing influence on the international and European scene, where it contributes to the construction of the EU identity
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Minvielle, Régis. "Parcours africains en Amérique Latine ou comment s'ébauche un dispositif migratoire transatlantique sud-sud." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3022.
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Les migrations africaines en Amérique latine s'inscrivent dans un processus de reconfiguration du phénomène migratoire. Les parcours se déploient et se recomposent au gré non seulement de l'histoire des politiques migratoires, des crises et des opportunités économiques mais aussi en fonction des histoires de groupes et d'individus. La complexification des procédures de contrôle au Nord et la mondialisation des Suds engendrent un certain éclatement des destinations. Dès les années 1990, mais surtout depuis les années 2000, des migrants, en provenance surtout d'Afrique de l'Ouest, tissent les contours d'un dispositif migratoire transatlantique Sud-Sud.À Buenos Aires, les Africains s'inscrivent sur le territoire selon des modalités distinctes. Si la grande majorité développe une activité de commerce de rue sous l'impulsion notamment de la communauté mouride sénégalaise, d'autres essaient d'exploiter une demande d'africanité, ou encore de se frayer une voie dans le football et dans les affaires. De ces inscriptions multiples, naissent des liens cosmopolites avec les différents segments de population la société d'accueil. Ces interactions qui peuvent donner lieu à des processus de négociation, produisent des recompositions sociales et identitaires à caractère ethnique, religieux ou encore de genreAfrican migration in Latin America is part of a process of reconfiguration of global migration. Paths unfold and recompose by the way of not only the history of migration policies, crises and economic opportunities but also by the groups and individuals stories. The rising complexity of the control procedures in the North, joint to the South globalization, results in bursting of destinations. By the 1990s, but especially since the 2000s, especially migrants from West Africa, weave the contours of a transatlantic migration South-South device. In Buenos Aires, the Africans try to be part of the territory in different ways. While the vast majority develops a street trading activity, driven mainly by the Murid Senegalese Community, others try to exploit a desire of Africanness, or maybe to find their way in football and in business. From these multiple origins, cosmopolitan links with the various segments of the host society population are born. These interactions, which can lead to negotiation processes, produce social and identity changes in ethnic, religious or gender dimensions
Las migraciones africanas en América Latina hacen parte de un processo de reconfiguración global del fenómeno migratorio. Los recorridos se despliegan y se recomponenal ritmo, no solo de la historia de las politicas migratorias, las crisis y las oportunidades ecónomicas, sino también en función de las historias de grupos e individuos. Los procedimientos de control cada vez más complejos en los países del Norte y la globalización de los países del Sur generan cierta diversificación en los destinos. Desde la década de los 90, pero especialmente desde al año 2000, los immigrantes procedentes principalmente de Africa occidental,han tejido los contornos de un dispositivo transatlántico de migración Sur-Sur. En Buenos Aires, los Africanos se inscriben sobreel territorio según diversas modalidades. Si bien la gran mayoría desarrolla una actividad de comercia callejero, iniciada principalmentepor la comunidad mora senegalesa, otros tratan de explotar un deseo de africanidad, o aún, forjarse un camino en el fútbol y en los negocios. De estas inscripciones múltiples,nacen vinculos cosmopolitas con diversos segmentos de población de la sociedad de acogidad. Esta interraciones, que pueden dar lugar a procesos de negociación, producen recomposiciones sociales e identitarias de carácter étnico, religioso y hasta de género religioso
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von, der Heiden Gregor. "Gespräche in einer Krise : Analyse von Telefonaten mit einem RAF-Mitglied während der Okkupation der westdeutschen Botschaft in Stockholm 1975." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-26771.
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When crises develop, people are confronted with difficulties beyond those experienced in normal everyday activities. Due to the perceived threats inherent to such situations, familiar behaviors may prove ineffective, and such attempts can pose dangerous and unpredictable risks. Crises are extreme situations, occurring at the very edges of human experience. Oral communication in such situations cannot be casual; the seriousness of the situation demands exceptional communicative performance on the part of the participants. Therefore, certainties about everyday communication conventions are called into question. The following work examines conversations during which the participants were involved in an extreme situation. In this particular crisis, a politically motivated kidnapping, the personal involvement of the interlocutors is substantial. A clear and present fear of the situation escalating and the possibility of a failure to anticipate the resulting reactions from the other party(ies) characterize the communicative acts of those involved. Recorded telephone calls during the occupation of the West German Embassy in Stockholm by members of the Red Army Faction (RAF) on April 24, 1975 comprise the basis for this analysis. One of the occupiers speaks with various interlocutors located in an adjacent embassy building. These interlocutors are relatives of the hostages, the Swedish Minister of Justice, and a German official charged with leading the negotiations. In this study, the communicative processes of the crisis are reconstructed. In order to show how the interlocutors attempt to reach their goals in this tense situation with the resources available to them, as well as what they in fact achieve, ethnographic methods of analysis have been employed. This study shows how, despite strong conflicting interests and motives, a shared reality is built through the actions of the interlocutors. The interaction between two key figures in the early stages of the crisis can even be characterized as a form of coalition building. An explanation as to why this collaboration is not retained in the subsequent course of the events, however, leading to an escalation of the situation, is also presented. Furthermore, the following work sets forth qualities needed to interactively build a coalition in a precarious crisis situation, which has arisen between parties characterized by diametrically opposed aims.
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Daubresse, Louis. "Esthétique(s) du silence dans le cinéma contemporain : histoire, héritage et discontinuités." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA132.
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Pris dans son acception la plus large, le silence est un concept polysémique et mobile, tendant à la fois vers l'idée de néant, ou, a contrario, de plénitude. Souvent évoqué et débattu, le silence au cinéma semble toucher un point fondamental du langage audiovisuel. S'il peut être incarné de différentes manières à l'écran, il passe avant tout par une diminution (à défaut d'une disparition complète) de la présence de paroles, de musiques et, plus rarement, de bruits. Présent, plus que jamais auparavant, dans un certain cinéma contemporain, le silence y apparaît en des figures variées, selon différents dispositifs (personnages mutiques, lieux désaffectés, rares paroles dépourvues de sens, étirement des temps faibles du récit). Pour étudier ces figures, il faut d'abord s'interroger, en une approche archéologique, sur les origines du silence cinématographique, sur son parcours esthétique dans le cinéma parlant (notamment dans les films de genre ou dans ceux de la modernité) avant d'en dessiner les enjeux poétiques et politiques dans les fictions contemporaines de Sharunas Bartas, de Pedro Costa, de Béla Tarr ou de Tsaï Ming-liang. Une présence invisible à l’intérieur même de ces films peut enfin être vue, écoutée et révélée. Le silence agit directement sur le rythme de ces films, renforçant l’impression de durée et induisant la sensation de dilatation temporelle. De la même façon, il peut participer à une forme de mélancolie ou de vacuité. Nous pourrons enfin nous demander si le silence implique un refus de l'état des choses, s'il revendique une nouvelle relation au monde et s'il invite à nous projeter vers un temps post-catastrophique où la parole n’aurait plus de sens. Y aurait-il ainsi, au travers de sa mise en scène, une dimension anthropologique, critique et historique du silence ?In its broadest sense, silence is a polysemous and fluctuating concept, tending towards the idea of void and, at the same time, of plenitude. The concept of silence in cinema is frequently mentioned if not discussed, and seems to address a fundamental issue of the audiovisual language. It can be incarnated in different ways on screen, but systematically goes along with a reduction (when not a complete loss) of words, music and more rarely noises. More present than ever in some contemporary cinema, silence is represented by different figures, through different means (silent characters, disused places, rare and bland words, tensionless scenes lengthening). To study these figures, we first have to examine - through an archeological approach - the origins of silence in cinema, its aesthetical evolution in talking movies (especially in genre films and modern films). Then, we will be able to discern the poetical and political issues in the contemporary fictions of Sharunas Bartas, Pedro Costa, Béla Tarr or Tsaï Ming-liang. Therefore, the invisible presence in these films would be seen, listened to, then unveiled. Silence directly acts on the rhythm of these films, strengthening the duration feeling and generating the idea of time dilatation. In the same way it can be responsible for the emergence of some melancholia or vacuity. We will finally be able to wonder if silence implies a resistance in regards to the state of things, if it puts forwards a new relationship to the world and if it invites us to look towards a post-catastrophic time where words would be nothing but bland. Could we find out an anthropological, critical and historical dimension of silence through its dramatization ?
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Chen, Jyun-Sheng, and 陳均昇. "Interactive Route Planning in Web GIS." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95599559798456989923.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
測量及空間資訊學系碩博士班
95
The purpose of Shortest Path computing function in GIS is to reduce the user’s travel cost. But according to practical experience, the shortest path on a map is not usually the best path on real world, because of various factors such as road conditions and the speed limit etc. So the Route Planning of determining the best path about considering in all its bearings is always an important issue. At present the console software about route planning is more powerful and more popular than web based service; Now most web map service only provide queries about shortest path or fastest path but absence of elastic personal condition. As a result, regarding the trend of Internet and the need of users, this research intends to use the functional architecture of WebGIS integrating Geographic Database and Dynamic HTML, including the on-line traffic information and weather information. The design of an Interactive Route Planning System will include a learning technology. Users can revise the query result displayed by the system. By sending the revision part return to system, the server can analyze for the model of user’s route choosing habit. And the system can automatically get personal route planning setting and improve the capability of route analyzing function in WebGIS.
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Stanchenko, Nikolay. "Capturing route experiences." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/12409.
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Tese de mestrado, Informática, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2014Several systems currently exist to support creation of location-based stories and capturing of life experiences. However, it has been shown that there is a trade-off between fully committing to the authoring process and “staying in the moment”, which produces strain and increases authoring effort. The present work addresses this problem by leveraging the large amount of third party content, readily available through various web services. More concretely, we re-imagine in-situ storytelling process, providing authors with suggestions of external story elements, such as Foursquare1 venues, which they can embed directly into the story. We explore whether with this approach authors are able to balance between producing novel and reusing existing content, saving time and effort whenever necessary. Results from our two user studies suggest that suggestions can potentially reduce the authoring effort, but only provided they are relevant enough. At the same time, they can significantly improve the viewing experience, provided they are content-rich: Foursquare venues, encompassing photos, reviews and comments, are a good example. We also found that authors valued stories’ individuality more than viewers, as the former were somewhat reluctant to “dilute” their personal content with external data, whereas the latter appreciated the social aspects contributed by suggestions.
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Cheng, Chi-T'ing, and 鄭吉廷. "Ajax-based Web Service for Route Planning." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13339257488701418525.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
通訊與導航工程系
95
Abstract On the trend toward e-navigation, shipborne instruments are becoming fully replaced by automatic ones. However, modern automatic or traditional manual operating, navigation must rely on adequate navigational charts to fix the current location relative to the marine environment and to continue heading towards the destination. For safe and efficient navigation, every voyage must be well planned, and the first step is to have the most suitable, accurate, and updated charts prepared for the various stages of navigation. This thesis designs and implements a web service for voyage planning by utilizing AJAX web technology, spatial database, as well as the satellite image and maps provided by Google Map server. With this service, users can freely zoom and pan the geo-referenced maps and set waypoints by simple mouse clicks. Geographic coordinates, route distance, estimated voyage time are calculated accordingly. Available charts along the route are simultaneously retrieved from chart catalogue database for the user to interactively review the various chart coverage, scale or usage bands and decide on the final chart selections. Keyword：Route Planning、AJAX
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Yang, Hung-Hsien, and 楊紘先. "Wet-chemical routes to ZnO / TiO2 composite nanostructures." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81998166572046046210.
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碩士國立成功大學
化學工程學系碩博士班
96
Syntheses of versatile ZnO and ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites have been performed using various two-step methods in this study. The fist step for all nanocomposites is the formation of the ZnO nanowire (NW) arrays on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates using chemical bath deposition. Then the syntheses of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), ZnO nanobranches or TiO2 NPs on/within the ZnO NW arrays are conducted further using various wet-chemical routes. Hydrothermal syntheses of the 3-dimensional sheet-like ZnO nanostructures and the ZnO films on the top of the ZnO NW arrays have been achieved using HMTA and Zn(Ac)2 at 150 and 230 oC, respectively. On the other hand, using NH4OH and Zn(Ac)2, the formation of the branch-like ZnO nanocompsoites is achievable by solvothermal method. It was also found that the ZnO nanodisks are able to be formed around the NWs by using ethanol as solvent and controlling the reactor pressure during the solvothermal process. Moreover, well-aligned ZnO/ZnTiO3 core-shell NWs with various shell thicknesses have been successfully formed on the ITO substrates when adjusting the H2O concentration in TBOT/AA/ethanol solution using sol-gel method in the second step. Growth of TiO2 within the interstices of the ZnO NW arrays is achievable as well by varying the TBOT concentrations. PEG has been added into the solution for the formation of the ZnO NW/TiO2 NP composite films as well. The effects of the solvent on the formation of the ZnO NW/TiO2 NP composite films have been investigated in this study. It reveals that ZnO NW/TiO2 NP composite films with fewer cracks could be formed on ITO substrate by using tert-buthanol as solvent in the sol-gel process.
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Lagarteira, Tiago Martinho Rodrigues. "MEAs preparation via wet routes for PEM electrolysis." Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/88640.
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Lagarteira, Tiago Martinho Rodrigues. "MEAs preparation via wet routes for PEM electrolysis." Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/88640.
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Wang, Hui-Ling, and 王慧玲. "Web-GIS Route Guidance for Tourist Under Real-Time Traffic Information." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26571584043403697974.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
資訊管理系碩士班
96
With the new trend of domestic tourism flourishing in two-day weekends, the tourism industry has become more competitive. In addition, as the rapid growth of GDP and auto ownerships, the leisure travel demand has increased dramatically. As a result, traffic congestion and traffic management cause tremendous public concern. In this research, an approach of Web-GIS network analysis and route guidance is proposed to support for tourist under real-time traffic information. Domestic travel websites, including private and government-owned websites, have emerged in great numbers recently. Private websites concentrate on tour package promotion, and government-owned websites provide tourist attraction sites with fixed regular route and itinerary. Nevertheless, such variety and rich travel information have failed to provide itinerary specifically for personal preference. Also there is no optional tourist plan flexible enough to allow route switch under real-time traffic information. Therefore, by developing Web-GIS route guidance system, this study allows users to plan tour trips based on personal preference and provides alternative tourist routes for users to make decision of route switches while traffic incident occurs.
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Lin, Kuo-Lung, and 林國隆. "A Web Albums based on Wireless Router." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14945366399294958595.
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碩士淡江大學
資訊工程學系碩士在職專班
100
Digital cameras and smart phones, tablet PCs, the continuous popularity of camcorders, users can use their camera feature allows us to easily photographed all the time all the bits and pieces of the picture of life, and the classification to preserve digital photos file on the USB interface of the larger capacity flash drive or Flash storage device to meet the needs of users.In this paper, using the PHP server-side dynamic web technology combined with client-side Ajax technologies and frameworks to write web album program and ported to the embedded hardware system architecture of the wireless network router. This implementation process with the use of open source (Open Source) features cross-platform build tools and libraries, developers can import the SQLite embedded database management system, the wireless router to add functionality to Web Albums View photo management and sharing of photo functions, making it easy and have a home network wireless router album, web album system built to solve difficult and photo files easy sharing.
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You, Huei-jhe, and 游輝哲. "Design and Implementation of a Web 2.0 System for Route Planning Service." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84605114595634615203.
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碩士國立中央大學
資訊工程研究所
99
In telematics, the information of road speed are typically gathered through cameras or probe vehicles. In this work, we propose a web 2.0 system to enable gathering the information from the people, we called local gurus, who are familiar with the local area and the traffic. Two algorithms are proposed to calculate the road speed from a single local guru and the multiple local gurus. Through the Web 2.0 system, local gurus can contribute routes with information about road speed and time interval, and the route planning service can plan a route based on these information. The experience-wise group intelligence provided by this system can complement the experiment-wise group intelligence (e.g., using probe vehicles) in some cases, such as the area with no available probe vehicles.
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Chen, Wan-Ting, and 陳琬婷. "A Travel Route Planning Platform of Combining QR Code, Google Maps, and Web 2.0 Technologies." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10288794213200618852.
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碩士嶺東科技大學
資訊管理與應用研究所
99
旅遊路線規劃一直以來是一個被關切的主題，相關研究分別提出各具特色的創新應用。而本研究所提出的平台，結合了QR Code、Google Maps及Web 2.0之概念，可以依據使用者所輸入之旅遊資料，規劃出一條最符合使用者需求之規劃路線。此規劃演算法會找出包含必經景點以及次要景點之最適路徑，並利用Google Maps展示出景點間之街道路徑及詳細道路說明。 為了了解使用者對於本系統的使用滿意度，本研究以科技接受模式為基礎設計問卷，採用「問卷調查法」並以SPSS統計套裝軟體為分析工具，以使用過本平台之嶺東科技大學資訊管理系及資訊科技系的學生為研究對象，探討旅遊興趣對於知覺有用性、知覺易用性、使用態度傾向及使用意圖是否會產生正向影響。一共發放183份問卷，回收174份(包含11份無效問卷及163份有效問卷)，回收率為95%。 研究結果發現，「興趣」會對「知覺有用性」有正向影響，但對「知覺易用性」不具影響力，而「知覺易用性」除了會影響「知覺有用性」外，也與「知覺有用性」共同影響使用者對系統的「使用態度傾向」。「知覺有用性」與「使用態度傾向」則皆會正向影響使用者對於系統的「使用意圖」。
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Brunck, Annette [Verfasser]. "Die Hecogenin-Cephalostatin-Route : ein Weg aus dem Spiroketal-Dilemma / von Annette Brunck, geb. Koch." 1999. http://d-nb.info/957236034/34.
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Hsiung, Hsieh-Che, and 謝哲雄. "The Case Study for the Bridge Structure Inspection – Use the Lin-Wei Bridge on the Taiwan Providential Route 16 as the Example." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82079015554319482876.
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碩士逢甲大學
交通工程與管理所
97
The Lin-Wei Bridge of this study is the main connection between Mingjian Township and Jiji Township in Nantou County. The bridge is located in 6k+500 of Tai-16th Highway in Nantou County. It is divided into two bridges, both of them have five piers and all of them are single-column pier. The foundation is caisson foundations and the upper part of the structure is box-beam type. There are two lanes on both bridges with serrate type expansion joint. This study includes eight non-destructive tests of bridge structure : concrete strength of drilled core test, test of rebound number of hardened concrete, carbonation on concrete, the measuration in concrete with cracks using ultrasonic-pulse, chloride ion content of concrete, the detection on buried rebar in concrete, statnamic loading test, micro-vibration monitoring in bridge structure. All the test results are in line with the requirement of existing specification. The result shows that there was slight damage found in many components of Lin-Wei Bridge, such as cracks at the bottom of the box-beams and in the abutments and piers, which were detected and judged as structural cracks caused by 921 Earthquake and there is no continuous deterioration. Finally, by making an analysis on the data of each inspection result, the study is a basis for bridge reinforcement and provides conclusions and recommendations as reference to the outcome.
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Шмигельський, Михайло Ярославович, and Mykhailo Shmyhelskyi. "Протоколи та методи захисту бездротових інформаційно-телекомунікаційних мереж на основі маршрутизатора TL-WR842ND." Master's thesis, 2019. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/30592.
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Роботу виконано на кафедрі кібербезпеки Тернопільського національного технічного університету імені Івана Пулюя Міністерства освіти і науки України
Керівник роботи:
кандитат технічних наук, с.н.с,
доцент кафедри кібербезпеки
Томашевський Богдан Паїсійович, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя,
Рецензент:
доктор наук із соціальних комунікацій, професор кафедри комп'ютерних наук
Кунанець Наталія Едуардівна,
Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя
Захист відбудеться 26 грудня 2019 р. о 9.00 годині на засіданні екзаменаційної комісії №32 у Тернопільському національному технічному університеті імені Івана Пулюя за адресою: 46001, м. Тернопіль, вул. Руська, 56, навчальний корпус №1, ауд. 806Ця дипломна робота присвячена аналізу напрямів підвищення захищеності бездротових телекомунікаційних мереж. Приводиться і аналізується узагальнена характеристика сучасних бездротових інформаційно-телекомунікаційних мереж (ІТС). Аналізуються основні методи і прийоми порушення безпеки сучасних бездротових ІТС, аналізуються методи атаки і основні ризики безпеки. Пропонується і розробляється стратегія розвитку і вдосконалення побудови безпеки бездротових ІТС і на основі цього приводяться практичні рекомендації щодо налаштування такої ІТС. Здійснюється практичне налаштування існуючої бездротової системи на основі розроблених стратегій і рекомендацій, яка є більш захищеної аніж системи які встановлюються по замовчуванню чи в яких безпеці захисту приділяється недостатньо уваги.
This master's qualification paper is devoted to analysis of ways of increasing the security of wireless telecommunication networks. Driven summarized and analyzed characteristics of modern wireless information and telecommunication networks (ITN). Analyzed the main methods and techniques of modern wireless security breaches ITN analyzed the methods of attack and the major security risks. And proposed a strategy of building and improving wireless security and ITN based on that given practical advice on how to set up this ITN. Active practical configuration of the existing wireless system based on developed strategies and recommendations that are more secure than systems which are installed by default or where security protection given insufficient attention.
ПЕРЕЛІК УМОВНИХ ПОЗНАЧЕНЬ, СИМВОЛІВ, ОДИНИЦЬ, СКОРОЧЕНЬ І ТЕРМІНІВ ...11 ВСТУП ..13 1. УЗАГАЛЬНЕНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СУЧАСНИХ БЕЗДРОТОВИХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ТЕЛЕКОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ МЕРЕЖ ..18 1.1. Система фіксованого широкосмугового радіо доступу . 18 1.2. Характеристики стандарту серії 802.11 .... 21 1.3. Методи передачі даних .... 24 1.3.1. Метод прямої послідовності ... 24 1.3.2. Метод частотних стрибків ... 27 1.4. Аналіз існуючих стандартів технології IEEE 802.11 .... 28 1.4.1. Стандарт IEEE 802.11а .... 28 1.4.2. Стандарт IEEE 802.11b ...... 29 1.4.3. Стандарт IEEE 802.11g ..... 29 1.4.4. Стандарт IEEE 802.11n ..... 29 1.4.5. Переваги і недоліки технології 802.11n .... 30 1.4.6. Метод доступу .... 32 2. ОСНОВНІ МЕТОДИ І ПРИЙОМИ ПОРУШЕННЯ БЕЗПЕКИ СУЧАСНИХ БЕЗДРОТОВИХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ТЕЛЕКОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМ . 33 2.1. Загальний опис проблеми порушення безпеки ....33 2.2. Методи атак на бездротові мережі ....34 2.2.1. Пасивні атаки ....34 2.2.2. Активні атаки ........ 38 2.2.3. Атака перешкодами ...... 45 3. СТРАТЕГІЯ БЕЗПЕКИ ТА ПРАКТИЧНЕ НАЛАШТУВАННЯ ЗАХИЩЕНОЇ СИСТЕМИ WI-FI ЗВ’ЯЗКУ НА ОСНОВІ МАРШРУТИЗАТОРА TL-WR842ND .....47 3.1. Основні компоненти для побудови системи безпеки бездротової мережі ...... 47 3.2. Основні завдання при побудові глибокоешелонного захисту ... 48 3.2.1. Аутентифікація і авторизація всіх користувачів мережі Wi-Fi ....... 49 3.2.2. Використання VLAN-ів для поділу трафіку і введення сегментування ....... 52 3.2.3. Міжмережеві екрани на рівні портів або VPN тунелювання .......... 54 3.2.4. Використання шифрування на всій мережі ...... 57 3.2.5. Визначення небезпеки цілісності мережі Wi-Fi ....58 3.2.6. Забезпечення безпеки кінцевих пристроїв Wi-Fi в загальну політику безпеки ..... 60 3.3 Практичне налаштування захищеної системи wi-fi зв’язку на основі маршрутизатора TL-WR842ND ......62 3.3.1 Установка шифрування пароля на Wi-Fi .... 63 3.3.2. Відключення технології WPS ... 65 3.3.3. Відключення транслювання SSID ....66 3.3.4. Включення фільтрації MAC-адрес .... 67 3.3.5. Організація гостьової мережі .... 68 3.3.6.Увімкнення функцій захисту .....69 3.3.7. Налаштування параметрів VPN ........ 70 3.3.8. Періодичне оновлення ПЗ та резервування налаштувань ... 72 3.3.9. Зміна пароля на доступ до налаштувань маршрутизатора ...... 72 4 СПЕЦІАЛЬНА ЧАСТИНА .. 75 4.1. Ризики пов’язані з авторизованим доступом .....75 4.2. Ризики пов’язані з нефіксованою природою зв'язку .... 75 4.3. Ризики пов’язані з вразливостями мереж і вимушеними простоями ... 76 4.4. Ризики пов’язані з новими загрозами і атаками ... 77 4.5. Ризики пов’язані з витіканням інформації з провідної мережі ...80 4.6. Ризики пов’язані з особливостями функціонування бездротових мереж .... 81 5 ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ...83 5.1. Розрахунок матеріальних витрат ....83 5.2. Розрахунок норм часу на розгортання захищеної мережі wi-fi ... 84 5.3 Визначення витрат на оплату праці та відрахувань на соціальні заходи ....... 85 6 ОХОРОНА ПРАЦІ ТА БЕЗПЕКА В НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЯХ ..... 90 6.1 Охорона праці ..... 90 6.2 Безпека в надзвичайних ситуаціях ....93 6.2.1 Пожежна безпека та надзвичайні ситуації ...93 6.2.2. Планування та порядок проведення евакуації населення з районів наслідків впливу НС техногенного та природного характеру. .... 94 7 ЕКОЛОГІЯ .....98 7.1 Зведення і первинне оброблення статистичних даних екологічної інформації ..... 98 7.2 Джерела теплового забруднення атмосфери і методи його зменшення ..... 100 ВИСНОВКИ ......105 БІБЛІОГРАФІЯ
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"Ortsbezogene Anwendungen und Dienste." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-104609.
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Der Aufenthaltsort eines mobilen Benutzers stellt eine wichtige Information für Anwendungen aus den Bereichen Mobile Computing, Wearable Computing oder Ubiquitous Computing dar. Ist ein mobiles Endgerät in der Lage, die aktuelle Position des Benutzers zu bestimmen, kann diese Information von der Anwendung berücksichtigt werden -- man spricht dabei allgemein von ortsbezogenen Anwendungen. Eng verknüpft mit dem Begriff der ortsbezogenen Anwendung ist der Begriff des ortsbezogenen Dienstes. Hierbei handelt es sich beispielsweise um einen Dienst, der Informationen über den aktuellen Standort übermittelt. Mittlerweile werden solche Dienste kommerziell eingesetzt und erlauben etwa, dass ein Reisender ein Hotel, eine Tankstelle oder eine Apotheke in der näheren Umgebung findet. Man erwartet, nicht zuletzt durch die Einführung von LTE, ein großes Potenzial ortsbezogener Anwendungen für die Zukunft. Das jährlich stattfindende Fachgespräch "Ortsbezogene Anwendungen und Dienste" der GI/ITG-Fachgruppe Kommunikation und Verteilte Systeme hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, aktuelle Entwicklungen dieses Fachgebiets in einem breiten Teilnehmerkreis aus Industrie und Wissenschaft zu diskutieren. Der vorliegende Konferenzband fasst die Ergebnisse des neunten Fachgesprächs zusammenThe location of a mobile user poses an important information for applications in the scope of Mobile Computung, Wearable Computing and Ubiquitous Computing. If a mobile device is able to determine the current location of its user, this information may be taken into account by an application. Such applications are called a location-based applications. Closely related to location-based applications are location-based services, which for example provides the user informations about his current location. Meanwhile such services are deployed commercially and enable travelers for example to find a hotel, a petrol station or a pharmacy in his vicinity. It is expected, not least because of the introduction of LTE, a great potential of locations-based applications in the future. The annual technical meeting "Location-based Applications and Services" of the GI/ITG specialized group "Communication and Dsitributed Systems" targets to discuss current evolutions in a broad group of participants assembling of industrial representatives and scientists. The present proceedings summarizes the result of the 9th annual meeting
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Gomes, Ana Patrícia David. "Identidade visual Transportes Sul do Tejo." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/98934.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Design e Multimédia apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.A presente dissertação que, reformula a identidade visual da empresa Transportes Sul do Tejo e a plataforma online, é um estágio curricular do Mestrado em Design e Multimédia, na Faculdade de ciências e tecnologias da Universidade de Coimbra, desenvolvido no departamento de engenharia informática, por Ana Patrícia Gomes, sob a orientação de Artur Rebelo e co-orientação de Hugo Oliveira. A dissertação assenta na reestruturação da identidade visual e da plataforma online da empresa Transportes Sul do Tejo, com o intuito de resolver lacunas, identificadas por utilizadores desta rede de transportes, no mapeamento dos mapas de rede, assim como na disposição de informação relativa a horários e autocarros. Esta reestruturação tem como objectivo facilitar a interpretação de informação complexa e em falta nos mapas de rede e na plataforma online. No mapeamento são identificadas todas as linhas rodoviárias que esta empresa possui, de forma legível, permitindo ao utilizador compreender as rotas que pretende usar. A plataforma online foi reconstruída com um design actual, apelativo e minimalista, reestruturando a disposição de conteúdos, de forma a destacar os mais relevantes para este género de plataformas. Documenta-se com detalhe as várias fases do projecto, do planeamento inicial ao desenvolvimento de uma versão inteiramente funcional, testada em contexto real por um grupo de utilizadores pré-definido, passando pelo desenvolvimento de uma linguagem gráfica capaz de transmitir a personalidade, missão e valores da empresa.
The present dissertation that recasts visual identity the Company Transportes Sul do Tejo and the online platform, is a curricular internship of the master in Design and multimedia at the Faculty of Sciences and technologies of the University of Coimbra, developed at the Department of computer engineering, by Ana Patricia Garcia, under the guidance of Artur Rebelo and co-supervision of Hugo Oliveira. The dissertation is based on restructuring the visual identity and the company’s online platform to Transportes Sul do Tejo, in order to address gaps identified by users of this transport network, the mapping of network maps, as well as in the provision of information on timetables and buses. This restructuring aims to facilitate the interpretation of complex information and missing network maps and online platform. In the mapping are identified all the road lines that this company has legibly, allowing the user to understand the routes you want to use. The online platform was be rebuilt with current design, appealing and minimalist, restructuring the layout of content, in order to highlight the most relevant for this kind of platforms. Documents with detail the various stages of the project, the initial planning to the development of a fully functional version, which will be tested in real context for a default user group, through the development of a graphical language transmit to convey personality, mission and company values.
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Li, Cheng-Kun, and 李正坤. "Research on Elementary School Children’s Road Team Routes Scheduling in Consideration of Traffic Risk Factors - Take Miaoli County Wen-Yuan Elementary School as an Example." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69604291079266446977.
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碩士中華大學
運輸科技與物流管理學系碩士班
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"Go to school happily, come home safely," is a familiar slogan. The traffic safety of students and the arrangement of after-school student-troops are very important issues of elementary schools. In 2012, among A1 road traffic accidents handled by police agencies, the accidents occurred most during 18:00~20:00 p.m., amounting to 223 cases (12%). Next is16:00~18:00 p.m., totaling 199 cases (11%). Jordan (1998) collected 2167 cases of pedestrian and vehicle collision data from the Philadelphia police department in 1994, wherein he did analysis with respect to events nearby elementary schools and children involved events. He found that most school children pedestrian accidents happened after school on the way home when playing. In general, road team line layout for school children walking home from school, the school did not incorporate risk factors of traffic along the homecoming route from school into consideration. This study regards that students can arrive at home most safely as the main factor and consider neighborhood and direction, research entitled " Research on Elementary School Children’s Road Team Routes Scheduling in Consideration of Traffic Risk Factors - Take Miaoli County Wen-Yuan Elementary School as an Example" for in-depth study. Importing the traffic risk evaluated values of intersections and road segments, we proposed a model of Minimal Traffic Risk Paths Problem (MTRPP) and designed an algorithm based on the Dijkstra algorithm to solve the MTRPP. And then I introduce collected case school data and the surveyed school traffic risk factors of each homecoming route from school into the objective function, calculate traffic risk total values of "current road team routes" and "new road team routes" on which school children walk home. In this study, the higher the set traffic risk value, the more dangerous it is. The lower the traffic risk value, the more secure it is. Current after school road teams of case schools are organized mainly in consideration of neighborhood, direction, convenience and perpetuation of the tradition. And they are organized pursuant to the shortest routes and the fastest way to reach home, a total of 13 road teams. Total distance of road teams is 36,700 meters. Total traffic risk value is "4,634,424 units." Way of generating new road teams incorporates the shortest path (SPP), traffic risk factors and the safest way (i.e. traffic risk value is the lowest) to reach home as the main consideration, taking into account the neighborhood and direction. I rearrange 15 road teams, their total distance 41,726 meters. The traffic risk value is "2,538,660 units." There are 15 new road teams and 13 current road teams. Traffic risk value improves by "2,095,764 units."
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Mallah, Eyad Mazin [Verfasser]. "Synthesis and characterisation of novel cationic imidazolium derivatives : on the route to possible drugs = Synthese und Charakterisierung neuer kationischer Imidazol-Derivate auf dem Weg zu möglichen Wirkstoffen / vorgelegt von Eyad Mazin Mallah." 2009. http://d-nb.info/994815026/34.
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