Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wet route

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Wet route'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 August 2022
Last updated: 8 August 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Wet route"

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Hanson, B. "A Wet Route South." Science 328, no. 5978 (April 29, 2010): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.328.5978.548-d.

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Lunz, Juliana do Nascimento, Karla Patricia Macedo Licona, Alexandre Antunes Ribeiro, José Angel Delgado, Lizette Morejón Alonso, and Marize Varella de Oliveira. "Different Synthesis Routes for Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles by Mechanical Stirring." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.969.

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Nanosized hydroxyapatite (HA) with crystallinity and composition similar to bone apatite has been widely investigated in the last years, due to their excellent biocompatibility in bone replacement applications. This bioceramic can be synthesized by many wet chemical and mechanochemical methods. In this paper, nanosized hydroxyapatite powders were synthesized by two wet chemical routes using mechanical stirring method. The first route was used for HA synthesis from CaCl2.2H2O and Na3PO4.12H2O solutions and the second route was from Ca (OH)2 and H3PO4 solutions. The synthesized HA nanoparticles were characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering, BET Surface Area analysis, X-ray Diffraction, Infrared Spectroscopy, chemical analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results indicated that HA nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by both wet chemical precipitation routes and all powders presented a Ca/P ratio similar to stoichiometric HA, nanoneedles morphology and single HA crystalline phase.
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Hong, Xiaoliang, Wen Xiao, Nina Bao, Weimin Li, Olga Chichvarina, and Jun Ding. "L10-FePt films fabricated by wet-chemical route." Thin Solid Films 589 (August 2015): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2015.06.051.

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Xu, Congkang, Kunquan Hong, Sheng Liu, Guanghou Wang, and Xiaoning Zhao. "A novel wet chemical route to NiO nanowires." Journal of Crystal Growth 255, no. 3-4 (August 2003): 308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(03)01246-6.

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Liu, Yuyang, Xianqiong Chen, Wei Chen, Kun Yang, and John Haozhong Xin. "A Wet Route to Nanofiber-based Chitosan Sponges." Chemistry Letters 34, no. 12 (December 2005): 1640–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2005.1640.

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Mochalin, Vadym N., and Yury Gogotsi. "Wet Chemistry Route to Hydrophobic Blue Fluorescent Nanodiamond." Journal of the American Chemical Society 131, no. 13 (April 8, 2009): 4594–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja9004514.

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Njel, C., D. Aureau, A. M. Goncalves, and A. Etcheberry. "An Attractive Wet Route for Nitriding III-Vs." ECS Transactions 66, no. 6 (May 15, 2015): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/06606.0089ecst.

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Legnani, C., S. A. M. Lima, H. H. S. Oliveira, W. G. Quirino, R. Machado, R. M. B. Santos, M. R. Davolos, C. A. Achete, and M. Cremona. "Indium tin oxide films prepared via wet chemical route." Thin Solid Films 516, no. 2-4 (December 2007): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.06.137.

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Sarthou, Julia, Pierre Aballéa, Gilles Patriarche, Hélène Serier-Brault, Akiko Suganuma, Patrick Gredin, and Michel Mortier. "Wet-Route Synthesis and Characterization of Yb:CaF2 Optical Ceramics." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 99, no. 6 (March 23, 2016): 1992–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jace.14216.

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Sahoo, P., S. Kamal, T. Kumar, B. Sreedhar, A. Singh, and S. Srivastava. "Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Facile Wet Chemical Route." Defence Science Journal 59, no. 4 (July 27, 2009): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.59.1545.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wet route"

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Galileu, Speranza Lais. "Development of a new route for direct conversion of wet algae to biodiesel." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7591/.

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Algae have been studied as a potential biodiesel feedstock by identifying on a global scale suitable cultivation locations for three specific cases (EU, US and Brazil) based on the area requirements. A direct conversion of oil harvested from wet algae to biodiesel was undertaken using ethanol at supercritical conditions, eliminating the use of catalyst, feedstock drying and the oil extraction steps. Chlorella vulgaris with 7.3% wt. lipid content was characterised (by elemental, chemical and thermal analyses) and used to assess the supercritical ethanol approach. A biodiesel yield of 47.5% wt. was achieved in a flow reactor at 260°C, 75 bar, aqueous algae concentration of 6 mg·mL-1 and 2 mL·min-1 flowrate. This result demonstrates the advantages of the flow reactor over a batch process where the maximum biodiesel yield was 26% wt. after 6 hours. A life cycle analysis of the proposed route showed that biodiesel yield must exceed 60% wt. to make the process competitive when compared to the traditional route of oil extraction and catalyst transesterification adopted to algae biodiesel production. In comparison to the soybean biodiesel, the use of algae as feedstock would not be justified unless improvements to reduce energy consumption are made.
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Gorantla, Sandeep, Alicja Bachmatiuk, Jeonghyun Hwang, Hussain A. Alsalman, Kwak Joon Young, Thomas Seyller, Jürgen Eckert, Michael G. Spencer, and Mark H. Rümmeli. "A universal transfer route for graphene." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36288.

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Often synthetic graphene requires transfer onto an arbitrary substrate prior to use because the substrate it was originally synthesized on is inappropriate for either electrical measurement or characterization. While a variety of routes have been developed they are substrate dependant and often involve the use of harsh treatments. Here we present a facile and cheap route that can be applied to graphene over any substrate. This universal transfer route is based on a wet chemical reaction producing gaseous species which can intercalate between the substrate and the graphene and thus gently delaminate the two.
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Lucian, Michela. "Hydrothermal Carbonization as an efficient route for organic waste conversion." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/264958.

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The production of municipal solid waste has continued to grow in recent years. In Italy, municipal solid waste production reaches about 29 million tons per year. The organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), which accounts for 30-40% of the total waste, usually undergoes biological treatments such as anaerobic digestion or composting, or is incinerated or landfilled. Biological treatments are considered not economically viable due to the long processing time (20-30 days), while incineration and landfilling are considered as low cost but polluting processes. In contrast, Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) is a cost-effective process to treat organic waste especially for the shorter processing time (0.5-8 h) and the possibility to treat directly wet heterogeneous materials. This thesis aims to investigate the potential use of HTC to upgrade OFMSW and other biomasses to biofuels or valuable byproducts. Chapter 1 gives an overview on the state of the art of HTC technology applied to organic wastes, focusing both on mechanisms and on the characteristics of reaction products. Chapter 2 investigates the potential use of HTC to upgrade the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) into biofuel and byproducts. The impact of process conditions (process time, temperature and solid load) on the formation, chemical and energy properties of hydrochar was deeply investigated. To analyze the behavior of hydrochar as a solid biofuel, the combustion (oxidation) of hydrochar and the co-firing (co-oxidation) of hydrochars and coals was also investigated. The results show that, especially at HTC harsher conditions, hydrochar is a “coal-like” material, that can be used as a valuable solid biofuel. The results evidenced that hydrochar is composed of primary char and secondary char. Primary char (non-extractable with organic solvents) has characteristics similar to coal and could be recovered for combustion, while secondary char is an amorphous and more volatile solid, easily extracted with organic solvents, which found possible application as a source of biochemicals and liquid bio-fuel. Chapter 3 investigates the use of HTC as a promising pre-treatment to enhance the biomethane potential during anaerobic digestion of OFMSW. Anaerobic digestion experiments were carried out using the HTC process liquid and the entire HTC reaction mixtures. Results proved that, when compared to the raw OFMSW, the use of HTC liquid and HTC mixture into AD lead to an increase of biomethane production of up to 37% and 363% by volume, respectively. Chapter 4 reports an HTC kinetics study and a kinetic model, which accounted for reactions leading to the production of primary and secondary char, as well as the liquid and gas phases. The model was optimized using experimental data performed on a lignocellulosic feedstock (olive trimmings) and validated on two other types of biomasses (grape marc and Opuntia Ficus Indica) and was used as a reliable tool to predict the carbon distribution among HTC products. In this chapter an in-depth analysis was also carried out to understand the evolution of feedstock characteristics during the heat-up transient phase before reaching the HTC set-point temperature. The results show that during heat up, the feedstock carbonized to a considerable extent at 220-250 °C. Tests clearly show evidence of the transition between thermal hydrolysis and HTC. Chapter 5 presents a study conducted to evaluate the economic feasibility and the detailed energy and cost analyses of a hypothetical HTC plant transforming wet biomass into pelletized dry hydrochar. To achieve these goals, a model was developed on the basis of experimental results obtained previously on two other organic materials (grape marc and off-specification compost). The results show that, when operating the HTC plant with grape marc at the optimal HTC conditions (T=220 °C, t=1 h, dry biomass to water ratio=0.19), the production cost of hydrochar were determined to be 157 €/ton, competitive with the price of wood pellets (150-200 €/ton). This makes HTC a promising process for a large development at the industrial scale.
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Brunck, Annette. "Die Hecogenin-Cephalostatin-Route ein Weg aus dem Spiroketal-Dilemma /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=957236034.

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Young, Michael I. "Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles with different morphologies by wet chemistry routes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25368.

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The objectives of this project were to synthesise semi-conducting ceramic nanoparticles including zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) through a wet chemistry route to obtain nanoparticles with a controlled size and morphology. Wet chemistry methods (co-precipitation method and hydrothermal method) were used to synthesise ZnO and AZO particles. In the synthesis, various compounds and morphologies were synthesised. ZnO, Zn(OH)2 and unknown phases were co-precipitated, with only ZnO obtained following hydrothermal treatment. Morphologies ranging from platelets, flower-like, nanorods and microflowers were obtained. Particle sizes as small as 11 nm were characterised. Nanorod and nanosphere AZO particles were also synthesised with the results indicated the average grain size decreasing with increasing Al atomic content. Three orthogonal arrays were carried out to investigate the effects of the reaction parameters on the size and morphology of ZnO particles. The applicability of the orthogonal array was successful, with the optimum parameters of both hydrothermal experiments showing an increase in aspect ratio. The L/D ratio of ZnO nanorods obtained in the confirmation experiment increased to 9.4 which was larger than the ZnO synthesised using other reaction conditions (1.0 8.0). Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterise the properties of the obtained particles. Morphology, crystallinity and particle size were all characterised.
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Barker, Paul Michael. "A new route to high-performance functional films on polymeric web." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555834.

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The potential to produce coatings with enhanced properties has made high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) an area of great interest within the surface engineering community in recent years. Many papers and conference presentations are coming from the academic community but, at present, industry is slow to take up the technology due to known or perceived processing issues (low deposition rates, power supply instabilities, difficulties with reactive process control, etc.). Also, as yet, few applications have emerged to convince industry that this technology merits the significant investment required to move from lab-scale to production-scale processing. During this thesis a thin (>1 μm) aluminium doped zinc oxide film with a resistivity of 3.38.10-3 Ωcm has been achieved, without annealing of the coating, with low absorption of k - 3.4.10-3. A relationship between peak power and deposition rate has been explored in order to provide further understanding of the coatings produced by HiPIMS. These coatings have simultaneously been deposited onto 12 μm PET without damage to the substrate during static deposition under stable plasma conditions during coating runs of over 15 minutes. Further investigation showed that this resistivity relates to enlarged grain growth in the film and that enlarged grains may also be grown for thin films of an industrially relevant thickness, 100 nm. Further structural modifications have also been made in terms of microstructure of the films and surface roughness, when compared to films prepared by conventional methods such as direct current magnetron sputtering. Further insight into the HiPIMS process has been gained through a study of optical emission spectroscopy and hysteresis for the HiPIMS plasma and, whilst complete understanding of the process has not been attained, the complications and need for multi-parameter analysis have been put forward to aid further research in the field. To increase the understanding gained during this work, titania coatings have also been made as this material proved easy to use during experiments (the reactive zinc oxide process was prone to significant electrical arcing). This also provided a second material for use as comparison. Aluminium doped zinc oxide coatings were also produced by atomic layer deposition, again as a point of comparison to HiPIMS between two very different techniques. This thesis provides additional insight into the process control of commercially useful aluminium doped zinc oxide films to aid with the development of the process for the industrial scale. It also demonstrates that such films can be grown to an industrially relevant scale with the option to deposit these films on thin polymeric web without damage to the substrate. In this manner, the potential of the process is demonstrated although further optimisation would be required for production of the material. The commercial promise of the process is shown; an important factor for the future of HiPIMS technology.
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Richter, Kai-Florian. "Context-specific route directions generation of cognitively motivated wayfinding instructions." Berlin Aka, 2007. http://d-nb.info/987640062/04.

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Drévillon, Lucie. "Procédés alternatifs d’extraction de lipides à partir de la levure oléagineuse Yarrowia lipolytica." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2399.

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Ce travail de recherche portait sur l'extraction d'huile microbienne, notamment de certains actifs inhabituels comme les acides gras cyclopropanes, à partir de la levure oléagineuse Yarrowia lipolytica. L'objectif était de développer un itinéraire d'extraction en voie humide afin de réduire le coût global de production de cette huile microbienne. Pour cela, des pré-traitements de la matière ont été mis en œuvre (pressage, champs électriques pulsés, décharges électriques de haute tension, ultrasons et homogénéisation haute pression) afin de lyser les cellules. L'impact de ces technologies sur le rendement en huile extraite et le profil en acides gras a été étudié. Le criblage, en voie sèche, de ces différents procédés a permis de sélectionner les deux techniques les plus efficaces à approfondir : les ultrasons et l'homogénéisation haute pression (HHP). Afin d'améliorer leur efficacité, les ultrasons ont été appliqués directement en voie humide en utilisant une suspension de levures dans un solvant. Les paramètres clés du traitement ont été optimisés. Ainsi, le même rendement d'extraction d'huile a pu être obtenu en voie humide comparativement à la voie sèche. L'HHP a tout d'abord été étudiée en voie sèche afin de déterminer les valeurs optimales des paramètres opératoires. Par la suite, la faisabilité d'une extraction en voie humide a été démontrée. Une suspension a subi un pré-traitement à 150 MPa à température ambiante pendant 5 passages puis a été extraite dans un solvant à l'aide d'un disperseur à haute vitesse. Le rendement maximal obtenu par cette méthode était très proche de celui de l'extraction voie sèche qui permettait de récupérer la totalité de l'huile
This research work was focused on microbial oil extraction, especially unusual molecules such as cyclopropane fatty acids, from the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. The aim was to develop a wet extraction route in order to reduce the overall cost of microbial oil production. Therefore, biomass pretreatments were studied (mechanical pressing, pulsed electric fields, high voltage electrical discharges, ultrasounds and high pressure homogenization) in order to disrupt the cell wall. The effect of these technologies on oil extraction and fatty acid profile was investigated. Screening of these technologies in dry route allowed the selection of two effective techniques; ultrasounds and high pressure homogenization, which were further studied. ln order to enhance their efficiency, ultrasounds were directly applied in a wet route (yeast suspension in an extracting solvent). The key parameters were optimized and, thus, the same yield was obtained for both wet and dry routes. High pressure homogenization was studied in dry route in order to determine the optimum values for pressure, the number of passes and the temperature. The feasibility of a wet route extraction has been then demonstrated. A yeast suspension was treated by high pressure homogenization at 150 MPa, room temperature, and for 5 passes. Oil was then extracted in a solvent using a high speed disperser. Following this methodology, the maximum oil recovery yield was very close to the yield reached in the dry route
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Di, Nicola Marco. "Un servizio di route planning per scenari di mobilità elettrica." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7209/.

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Nelle smart cities moderne, la mobilità di veicoli elettrici (EV) è considerata un fattore determinante nella riduzione del consumo di combustibili fossili e conseguenti emissioni inquinanti. Tuttavia, nonostante gli interessi e investimenti a livello globale, l'accettazione da parte degli utenti è ancora bassa, principalmente a causa della mancanza di infrastrutture e servizi a supporto dei guidatori di EV. Queste mancanze sono la causa principale della cosiddetta range anxiety (timore che il veicolo non abbia autonomia sufficiente per raggiungere la destinazione) e hanno portato al preconcetto che gli EV siano adatti alla sola percorrenza di brevi tragitti. Per contrastare questi problemi, in questo documento è proposta un'applicazione di route planning che supporti mobilità di EV anche su percorsi medio-lunghi, mediante utilizzo di un modello di predizione del consumo energetico e considerazione dell'eventuale necessità di ricarica. Saranno descritte tecniche per determinare il tragitto che un EV sia in grado di percorrere per arrivare a destinazione, in considerazione di restrizioni energetiche, fattore altimetrico del percorso ed eventuali operazioni di ricarica necessarie. Il modello di consumo e l'algoritmo che determina il miglior percorso (dal punto di vista energetico) sono implementati da un web service che interagisce con i servizi di Google Maps (per ottenere indicazioni stradali, dati altimetrici e informazioni in tempo reale sul traffico) e con servizi che offrono informazioni sulle stazioni di ricarica e relative posizioni. Dopo aver descritto il modello di consumo e l'algoritmo per la ricerca del percorso, sarà presentata l'architettura del servizio implementato. Sarà quindi fornita una valutazione del servizio, analizzandone performance e scalabilità, nonché l'efficacia nel supporto di percorsi di EV all'interno di scenari su larga scala (nello specifico la regione Emilia Romagna), attraverso tecniche di simulazione.
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Imtiaz, Jahanzaib. "Route transmission & control applications and Java web services route transmission and control using a Java EE5 web service and a vehicle based mobile device (cellular phone or a PDA with GPS)." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988696614/04.

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Books on the topic "Wet route"

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Limited, Yorkshire Sound. An application for the South West Yorkshire Regional Licence. Leeds: Yorkshire Sound, 2001.

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Along Route 66. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2000.

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Repp, Thomas Arthur. Route 66: The romance of the West. Lynnwood, Wash: Mock Turtle Press, 2002.

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Salih, Hizni. Web based route finder with multimodal interface. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 2003.

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Verfasser, Sorges Jürgen, and Sykes John 1956 Mitwirkender, eds. Cape Town, West Coast, Winelands, Garden Route. Ostfildern: Baedeker, 2009.

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Freeways: A journey West on Route 66. Cardigan: Parthian Books, 2002.

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Route 66: The mother road. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990.

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Route 66: The mother road. New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2001.

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1819-1879, Winter William H., Firkus Angela 1967-, and Tippecanoe County Historical Association, eds. Route across the Rocky Mountains. West Lafayette, Ind: NotaBell Books, 2000.

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Knowles, Drew. Route 66 adventure handbook. 4th ed. Solana Beach, CA: Santa Monica Press, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wet route"

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Devesa, Susana, Manuel P. Graça, and Luis C. Costa. "Dielectric Characterization of (Bi1-xFex)NbO4 Ceramics Prepared by Wet-Chemical Route." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, 107–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2018-0_9.

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Kou, Hua Min, Jing Kun Guo, Jing Wang, and Yu Bai Pan. "Al/Al2O3 Core-Shell Particles Synthesized by Wet-Chemical Based Route." In Key Engineering Materials, 63–68. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-997-0.63.

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Zheng, Zhi Ping, Dong Xiang Zhou, Shu Ping Gong, Yun Xiang Hu, and Guo Hua Huang. "Preparation and Characterization of Semi-Conducting (Ba,Sr)TiO3 Powders by a Wet Chemical Route." In High-Performance Ceramics III, 657–60. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-959-8.657.

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Tung, Nguyen Thanh, and Vo Van Huong. "The Effect of the Wheel Rotation Angle on the Braking Efficiency of the Tractor Semi-trailer on the Wet Roundabout Route." In Advances in Engineering Research and Application, 798–804. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64719-3_87.

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Garcia, Ander, Olatz Arbelaitz, Maria Teresa Linaza, Pieter Vansteenwegen, and Wouter Souffriau. "Personalized Tourist Route Generation." In Current Trends in Web Engineering, 486–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16985-4_47.

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Storandt, Sabine. "Region-Aware Route Planning." In Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, 101–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90053-7_11.

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Keupp, Marcus Matthias, and Ramon Schöb. "Go west: The insignificance of eastbound shipping for Russia’s extractive industry." In The Northern Sea Route, 123–37. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04081-9_8.

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Dalglish, Carol. "The Route to the West." In Refugees from Vietnam, 27–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20270-6_3.

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Sharma, S., M. M. Singh, Narsingh B. Singh, and K. D. Mandal. "Comparison of Grain Size Effects on Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of Y2/3Cu3Ti4-xFexO12(X = 0.00, 0.05 and 0.15) Ceramics Synthesized by Glycine Assisted Semi Wet Route." In Processing, Properties, and Design of Advanced Ceramics and Composites: Ceramic Transactions, 117–30. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119323303.ch10.

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Wang, Hui, Jiajin Huang, Erzhong Zhou, Zhisheng Huang, and Ning Zhong. "Suitable Route Recommendation Inspired by Cognition." In Wisdom Web of Things, 303–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44198-6_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wet route"

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Zhang, Can-ying, Hai-tao Zhu, and Da-xiong Wu. "Controllable Synthesis of Nanofluids With Wet Chemical Method." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18163.

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Preparation of stable nanofluids is the first step and key issue of nanofluid research and application. A wet chemical route for controllable synthesizing of nanofluids was developed and three kinds of nanofluids were prepared using this method. Aqueous nanofluids containing CuO nanoparticle clusters with different aggregating degree were controllably synthesized by changing the reflux reaction time. Nanofluids consisting of CuS hollow spheres with different size and shell thickness were produced. Ag nanofluids with different cluster size were manipulated as well. The synthesis mechanism for the wet chemical route was proposed.
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Chandran, Neeli, Sarika K. S., Manikanta B., and Swapna S. Nair. "Structural and optical properties of copper nanoparticles synthesized via wet chemical route." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICS OF MATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY ICPN 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0009703.

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Malewicz, Miroslaw, Michal Byrczek, and Helena Teterycz. "Synthesis of zinc oxide nanotiles by wet chemical route assisted by microwave heating." In 2009 32nd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isse.2009.5206934.

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Farva, Umme, Jooyoung Lee, Jun Young Park, Rangarajan Krishnan, Timothy J. Anderson, and Chinho Park. "Optimization study of copper precursors for high quality CuInSe2 nanoparticles by wet chemical route." In 2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2010.5614701.

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kumar, Atendra, Shiva S. Yadava, Laxman SINGH, Vinod Kumar, Manish Kumar Verma, Shruti Singh, and Kamdeo D. Mandal. "Dielectric and electrical properties of zinc doped titanium oxide (TiO2) synthesized by semi-wet route." In Energy Harvesting and Storage: Materials, Devices, and Applications IX, edited by Achyut K. Dutta and Palani Balaya. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2518203.

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Kornev, Kostya, and Vijoya Sa. "A Route Toward Wet Spinning of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) Fibers: Sodium Alginate - SWCNT Fibers." In 2008 MRS Fall Meetin. Materials Research Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1134-bb05-31.

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Mishra, A. K., D. Das, Alka B. Garg, R. Mittal, and R. Mukhopadhyay. "Effect of Transition Metal (Fe, Co) Doping in NiO Nanostructures Prepared By A Wet Chemical Route." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 55TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2010. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3606265.

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Murali, K. V., K. C. Preetha, A. J. Ragina, K. Deepa, T. L. Remadevi, P. Predeep, Mrinal Thakur, and M. K. Ravi Varma. "Optical Red shift in ZnO Nanoflowers Fabricated on Non-Seeded Substrates by Soft Wet Chemical Route." In OPTICS: PHENOMENA, MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND CHARACTERIZATION: OPTICS 2011: International Conference on Light. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3643610.

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Doering, Raymond, and Randy Robertson. "Screw Anchor Buoyancy Control Saves an Estimated $12 Million for Enbridge Pipeline." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-120.

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In today’s competitive environment, oil and gas pipeline companies must search for materials and construction methods that reduce project capital costs while maintaining the quality and integrity of the pipeline. Pipeline buoyancy control can be a major cost of large diameter pipelines, particularly for routes that cross wet terrain. In 1999, Enbridge Pipelines (Athabasca) Inc. constructed the 541 km NPS 30 Athabasca Pipeline from Fort McMurray to Hardisty, Alberta. Because of the substantial areas of muskeg that the pipeline route traversed, Enbridge selected a pipeline anchor system as the primary means of buoyancy control for the project. This new technology saved greater than an estimated $12 million CDN when compared with the cost of concrete set-on weights, which is the traditional method of controlling buoyancy of pipelines in North America. This paper describes the design of the anchor system selected for this project, details the calculations performed to determine anchor spacing, documents the challenges which were overcome during installation, and analyses the cost savings which were achieved by the use of this technology.
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Li, Liyi, Bo Li, Zhiqun Lin, and Ching-Ping Wong. "A low-cost fabrication route for silicon microchannels and microgratings with flow-enabled polymer self-assembly patterning and wet etching." In 2015 IEEE 65th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ectc.2015.7159900.

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Reports on the topic "Wet route"

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Iyer, Ananth V., Konstantina Gkritza, Steven R. Dunlop, Dutt J. Thakkar, Raul Candanedo, Srinath Jayan, Pooja Gupta, et al. Last Mile Delivery and Route Planning for Freight. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317315.

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This report analyzes anticipated list mile challenges in Indiana by using a scenario-based approach to develop forecasts of GDP growth and thus freight growth across industry clusters in Indiana counties; potential congestion implied by this growth; and a proactive plan to add capacity to alleviate the congestion. We use a quantitative approach to aggregate ramp level flows, industry cluster locations, county layout, and economic activity to develop our recommendations. We develop forecasts through the year 2050 based on long-term planning approaches used by other states (California, Ohio, and Utah). We use data from global databases that consider different possible geo-political scenarios and regulatory choices to scale it down to county-level impact. At the same time, we track industry cluster locations within each county, ramps from interstates, and distances to travel within the counties to reach freight destinations. The result is a report that combines macro trends with micro detail to develop potential capacity bottlenecks.
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Iyer, Ananth V., Konstantina Gkritza, Steven R. Dunlop, Dutt J. Thakkar, Raul Candanedo, Srinath Jayan, Pooja Gupta, et al. Last Mile Delivery and Route Planning for Freight. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317315.

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This report analyzes anticipated list mile challenges in Indiana by using a scenario-based approach to develop forecasts of GDP growth and thus freight growth across industry clusters in Indiana counties; potential congestion implied by this growth; and a proactive plan to add capacity to alleviate the congestion. We use a quantitative approach to aggregate ramp level flows, industry cluster locations, county layout, and economic activity to develop our recommendations. We develop forecasts through the year 2050 based on long-term planning approaches used by other states (California, Ohio, and Utah). We use data from global databases that consider different possible geo-political scenarios and regulatory choices to scale it down to county-level impact. At the same time, we track industry cluster locations within each county, ramps from interstates, and distances to travel within the counties to reach freight destinations. The result is a report that combines macro trends with micro detail to develop potential capacity bottlenecks.
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Iyer, Ananth V., Steven R. Dunlop, Olga Senicheva, Dutt J. Thakkar, Ruier Yan, Karthikeyan Subramanian, Suraj Vasu, Gokul Siddharthan, Juily Vasandani, and Srijan Saurabh. Improve and Gain Efficiency in Winter Operations. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317312.

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This report analyzes the current service level of winter operations in Indiana and explores opportunities to optimize performance. We analyze data regarding winter operations managed by INDOT and provide specific quantified estimates of opportunities to improve efficiency while also managing costs. For our exploration, we use data provided by INDOT sources, qualitative insights from interviews with INDOT personnel, literature survey data and benchmarking information, salt and supplier data analysis, and simulation. As part of our research, we developed a simulation model to visually represent the impact of alternate management of trucks for snow removal and a dashboard to understand the impact. Our analysis suggests the following: (1) opportunities exist to coordinate salt delivery by suppliers and combine local city salt purchases with INDOT’s purchases to save costs, (2) adjusting routes will reduce deadhead, (3) understanding truck maintenance and truck locations improves performance, and (4) incorporating critical locations into snow route planning will meet service thresholds. These insights provide implementable recommendation initiatives to improve winter operations performance. The simulation tool developed in this project simulates various weather events to draw insights and determine appropriate resource allocations and opportunities for improving operational efficiency. The report thus provides a quantifiable approach to winter operations that can improve the overall service level and efficiency of the process.
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Wraight, Sarah, Julia Hofmann, Justine Allpress, and Brooks Depro. Environmental justice concerns and the proposed Atlantic Coast Pipeline route in North Carolina. RTI Press, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.mr.0037.1803.

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This report describes publicly available data sets and quantitative analysis that local communities can use to evaluate environmental justice concerns associated with pipeline projects. We applied these data and analytical methods to two counties in North Carolina (Northampton and Robeson counties) that would be affected by the proposed Atlantic Coast Pipeline (ACP). We compared demographic and vulnerability characteristics of census blocks, census block groups, and census tracts that lie within 1 mile of the proposed pipeline route with corresponding census geographies that lie outside of the 1-mile zone. Finally, we present results of a county-level analysis of race and ethnicity data for the entire North Carolina segment of the proposed ACP route. Statistical analyses of race and ethnicity data (US Census Bureau) and Social Vulnerability Index scores (University of South Carolina’s Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute) yielded evidence of significant differences between the areas crossed by the pipeline and reference geographies. No significant differences were found in our analyses of household income and cancer risk data.
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Jung, Paul H., Jean-Claude Thill, and Luis Armando Galvis-Aponte. State Failure, Violence, and Trade: Dangerous Trade Routes in Colombia. Banco de la República, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.303.

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We investigate the effect of domestic armed violence brought about by political instability on the geography of distance frictions in freight mobility and the resulting differential access of regions to global markets. The Colombian transportation system has been found to be impeded by deficiencies in landside transport infrastructure and institutions, and by fragmented political environments. The micro-level analysis of U.S.-bounded export shipping records corroborates that export freight shipping from inland regions is re-routed to avoid exposures to domestic armed violence despite greatly extended landside and maritime shipping distances. We exploit the trajectories of freight shipping from Colombian regions and spatial patterns of violent armed conflicts to see how unstable geopolitical environments are detrimental to freight shipping mobility and market openness. The discrete choice model shows that the shipping flow is greatly curbed by the extended re-routing due to domestic armed violence and that inland regions have restricted access to the global market. The perception of risk and re-routing behavior is found heterogeneous across shipments and conditional to shipment characteristics, such as commodity type, freight value and shipper sizes. The results highlight that political stability must be accommodated for improved freight mobility and export-oriented economic development in the global South.
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Arhin, Stephen, Babin Manandhar, Hamdiat Baba Adam, and Adam Gatiba. Predicting Bus Travel Times in Washington, DC Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Mineta Transportation Institute, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1943.

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Washington, DC is ranked second among cities in terms of highest public transit commuters in the United States, with approximately 9% of the working population using the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) Metrobuses to commute. Deducing accurate travel times of these metrobuses is an important task for transit authorities to provide reliable service to its patrons. This study, using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), developed prediction models for transit buses to assist decision-makers to improve service quality and patronage. For this study, we used six months of Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) and Automatic Passenger Counting (APC) data for six Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) bus routes operating in Washington, DC. We developed regression models and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models for predicting travel times of buses for different peak periods (AM, Mid-Day and PM). Our analysis included variables such as number of served bus stops, length of route between bus stops, average number of passengers in the bus, average dwell time of buses, and number of intersections between bus stops. We obtained ANN models for travel times by using approximation technique incorporating two separate algorithms: Quasi-Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt. The training strategy for neural network models involved feed forward and errorback processes that minimized the generated errors. We also evaluated the models with a Comparison of the Normalized Squared Errors (NSE). From the results, we observed that the travel times of buses and the dwell times at bus stops generally increased over time of the day. We gathered travel time equations for buses for the AM, Mid-Day and PM Peaks. The lowest NSE for the AM, Mid-Day and PM Peak periods corresponded to training processes using Quasi-Newton algorithm, which had 3, 2 and 5 perceptron layers, respectively. These prediction models could be adapted by transit agencies to provide the patrons with accurate travel time information at bus stops or online.
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Perkins, Dustin. Invasive exotic plant monitoring at Colorado National Monument: 2019 field season. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286650.

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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity, and controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The North-ern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 monitoring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. This report represents work completed at Colorado National Monument during 2019. During monitoring conducted June 12–19, a total of 20 IEP species were detected on monitoring routes and transects. Of these, 12 were priority species that accounted for 791 separate IEP patches. IEPs were most prevalent along riparian areas. Yellow sweetclover (Melilotis officinale) and yellow salsify (Tragopogon dubius) were the most commonly detected priority IEPs along monitoring routes, representing 73% of all priority patches. Patches of less than 40 m2 were typical of nearly all priority IEP species except yellow sweetclover. A patch management index (PMI) was created by combining patch size class and percent cover for each patch. In 2019, a large majority of priority IEP patches were assigned a PMI score of low (46%) or very low (50%), indicating small and/or sparse patches where control is generally still feasible. This is similar to the numbers for 2017, when 99% of patches scored low or very low in PMI. Seventy-eight percent of tree patches were classified as seedlings or saplings, which require less effort to control than mature trees. Cheatgrass (Anisantha tectorum) was the most common IEP recorded in transects, found in 30–77% of transects across the different routes. It was the only species found in transects on all monitoring routes. When treated and untreated extra areas near the West Entrance were compared, the treated area had comparable or higher lev-els of IEPs than the untreated area. When segments of monitoring routes conducted between 2003 and 2019 were compared, results were mixed, due to the different species monitored in different time periods. But in general, the number of IEPs per 100 meters is increasing or remaining constant over time. There were notable increases in IEP patches per 100 meters on several routes in 2019: field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) along East Glade Park Road; Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) in Red Canyon; yellow salsify along East Glade Park Road, No Thoroughfare Canyon, No Thoroughfare Trail, and Red Canyon; and yellow sweetclover in No Thoroughfare Canyon and Red Canyon. Network staff will return to re-sample monitoring routes in 2021.
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Fehey, Kristina, and Dustin Perkins. Invasive exotic plant monitoring in Capitol Reef National Park: 2019 field season, Scenic Drive and Cathedral Valley Road. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286627.

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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity, and controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The North-ern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 monitoring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. From May 30 to June 1, 2019, network staff conducted surveys for priority IEP species along the Scenic Drive and Cathedral Valley Road monitoring routes at Capitol Reef National Park. We detected 119 patches of six priority IEP species along 34 kilometers of the two monitor-ing routes. There were more patches of IEPs, and a higher percentage of large patches, than in previous years. This indicates that previously identified infestations have expanded and grown. The most common (47.1%) patch size among priority species was 1,000–2,000 m2 (0.25–0.5 acre). The vast majority (93.2%) of priority patches ranked either low (58.8%) or very low (34.4%) on the patch management index scale. Tamarisk (Tamarix sp., 72 patches) was the most prevalent priority IEP species. African mustard (Malcolmia africana, 32 patch-es), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis, 9 patches), and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angusti-folia, 3 patches) occurred less commonly. Together, these four species represented 97.5% of all patches recorded in 2019. Four IEP species were found on the monitored routes for the first time: Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), quackgrass (Elymus repens), Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila), and African mustard (Malcolmia africana, not on the priority species list before 2019). Cathedral Valley Road had higher IEP priority patches per kilometer (5.68) than the Scenic Drive (2.05). IEP species were found on 37.9% (25 of 66) of monitored transects. Almost all these detections were Russian thistle (Salsola sp.). Russian thistle was widespread, present in 33.3% of transects, with an estimated cover of 0.2% across all transects sampled. Across routes monitored in all three rotations (2012, 2015, and 2019), Russian thistle has increased in frequency. However, its frequency remained about the same from 2015 to 2019, and percent cover remains low. Tamarisk and field bindweed have both increased in preva-lence since monitoring began, with tamarisk showing a dramatic increase in the number and size of patches. Immediate control of tamarisk and these other species is recommended to reduce their numbers on these routes. The NCPN plans to Capitol Reef in 2020 to monitor Oak and Pleasant creeks, completing the third rotation of invasive plant monitoring.
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Sariciftci, Niyazi Serdar. CO2 Recycling: The Conversion of Renewable Energy into Chemical Fuels. AsiaChem Magazine, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00011.

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We want to bring the idea of conversion of CO2 into synthetic fuels (CO2 recycling) into attention, as a possible approach for transportable storage of renewable energy. Recycling of CO2 by homogeneous and/or heterogeneous catalytic approaches have been investigated with increasing emphasis within the scientific community. In the last decades, especially using organic and bioorganic systems towards CO2 reduction has attracted great interest. Chemical, electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, and bioelectrochemical approaches are discussed vividly as new routes towards the conversion of CO2 into synthetic fuels and/or useful chemicals in the recent literature. Here we want to especially emphasize the new developments in bio-electrocatalysis with some recent examples.
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Lawrence, Sara, Michael Q. Hogan, and Elizabeth Brown. Planning for an Innovation District: Questions for Practitioners to Consider. RTI Press, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0059.1902.

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Innovation districts are physical spaces that serve to strengthen the foundations and institutions of an innovation ecosystem. The design, implementation, and management of formalized innovation districts is a new practice area. Research draws upon the experience of concentrated areas of innovation that occurred organically, such as Boston’s Route 128, as well as intentional projects to bring together innovators in large science and technology parks, such as North Carolina’s Research Triangle Park. Existing research focuses on how to define and design innovation districts and evaluate their impact, as well as general policy considerations. In this paper, we review the definitions and benefits of an innovation district, reviewing the existing empirical research on their impacts. We then propose a series of questions to guide practitioners in addressing the economic, physical, social, and governance elements of an innovation district. Finally, we outline some of the challenges in creating an innovation district and ways to measure progress, to allow practitioners to get ahead of potential issues in the future. This paper is intended to help policymakers and practitioners working in innovation and economic development translate the concepts of innovation ecosystems into actionable next steps for planning innovation districts in their communities.
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