Journal articles on the topic 'Wet-rice economy'
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PARTASMITA, RUHYAT, BUDIAWATI S. ISKANDAR, SITI NURAENI, and JOHAN ISKANDAR. "Impact of the green revolution on the gender’s role in wet rice farming: A case study in Karangwangi Village, Cianjur District, West Java, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 1 (October 9, 2018): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200104.
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Partasmita R, Iskandar BS, Nuraeni S, Iskandar J. 2019. Impact of the green revolution on the gender’s role in wet rice farming: A case study in Karangwangi Village, Cianjur District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 23-36. The wet rice farming (sawah) is very complex that is determined by ecological and social economic and cultural factors, including soil conditions, water availability, weather and climate, population, local knowledge, beliefs, technology, and economy. In addition, wet rice farming is determined by the government policy and market economy. In the past, the Sundanese rural people of West Java practiced the wet rice farming based on the local knowledge or traditional ecological knowledge which is strongly embedded with local tradition, and division of labor based on the gender. Traditionally, most inputs of the wet rice farming, including rice seeds, organic fertilizer, and biopesticides were provided by internal resources of rural ecosystem. Both male and female farmers intensively involved in various t wet rice farming activities based on the gender which is embedded by local tradition. For example, female farmers involved work in various activities that do not need energy but need to be careful and diligent, including the selection of rice seeds. Conversely, some works, including hoeing and plowing, were undertaken by male farmers. In the late 1960s, the Indonesian government modernized the wet rice farming through the Green Revolution program. Consequently, most rural farmers of West Java adopted this program. This research aimed to elucidate the impact of the Green Revolution program on the wet rice farming activities of Karangwangi village, Cianjur, West Java based on the gender issue. Aqualitative method with an ethnoecological approach was used in this study, while some techniques including observation, participant observation, and semi-structured interview were applied in this research. Thestudy result shows that in the past the wet rice cultivation of Karangwangi was traditionally carried out based on the local knowledge and embedded with local cultures, including traditional beliefs. Various activities of each stage of the wet rice farming were undertaken by male and female farmers based on gender and strongly embed by local tradition. By introduction of the Green Revolution, the female farmers have still involved in various activities of the wet rice farming. However, some female activities, including observation of star in the sky, rice seed selection, and ponding of rice grains of post-harvesting have been lost due to the introduction of the Green Revolution.
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PERMANA, SIDIK, JOHAN ISKANDAR, and PARIKESIT PARIKESIT. "Local knowledge on rice variations (landraces) of the Naga Community, West Java, Indonesia." Asian Journal of Ethnobiology 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y010101.
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Abstract. Permana S, Iskandar J, Parikesit. 2018. Local knowledge on rice variations (landraces) of the Naga Community, West Java, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 1: 1-8. Ethnobotanical studies have indicated that diversity of local varieties of crop plants and associated local knowledge has seriously eroded in many developing countries across cultures, including West Java, Indonesia, due to many factors such as agricultural modernization, development of market economy, government policies and human population increase. This paper gives an account of the local knowledge or the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) about the rice varieties (landraces) of the wet rice fields, management of wet rice farming and also factors influencing local knowledge of rice landraces of the wet rice fields of the Naga community, West Java, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative ethnobotanical methods. The result of study shows that the Naga community has still maintained a rich TEK on local rice landraces. About 15 landraces of wet rice have been recorded which are distinguished by Naga community based on traditional knowledge. They also manage various local rice landraces and wet rice farming activities including seed selection, preparing nursery and land, planting, crop and pest management, harvesting and storage of harvested rice based on the TEK embedded in their culture.
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Ramya, Tame. "Agricultural Rituals as the Ceremonial Cycle of the Nyishi Tribe." Dera Natung Government College Research Journal 1, no. 1 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.56405/dngcrj.2016.01.01.01.
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The present paper intends to narrate some agricultural rites and rituals, specifically of jhum cultivation of the Nyishi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh, taking Kurung Kumey district as the case study. These rites form the part of ritual cycle and lingering as crucial in the community lives in relation to agriculture. Nyishis, the people belong to one of the major tribal groups of Arunachal Pradesh i.e. Nyishi are dependent on jhumming, wet-rice cultivation, and a cash economy for their subsistence needs. Indeed, for several households, the cash sector is crucial in enabling them to meet their subsistence needs in present day situation. Notwithstanding the extent to which Nyishis are dependent on an external economy, jhum agriculture is regarded as the dominant form of subsistence production within the community. This particular perception of jhumming is based on two factors: first, an understanding that jhum agriculture predates wet-rice agriculture and second, the continuing cultivation of jhum which has ensured the persistence of a religious and ritual life that remains organised around the jhum cycle.
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Bista, Bishal. "Direct Seeded Rice: A New Technology for Enhanced Resource-Use Efficiency." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 6, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v6i3.21174.
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Rice (Oryza sativaL.) is a major staple food crop that feeds around 60% of the world’s population. It is a major food crop in terms of production, economy and is grown in all ecological zones of Nepal. In Nepal, traditional method of rice cultivation is widely accepted in which 20-25 days old seedlings are transplanted in the puddled field. Looming water scarcity, water-intensive traditional method of rice cultivation, escalating labour costs pressurize the development of alternative which is highly sustainable and profitable. Direct-seeded rice (DSR) offers a very good opportunity that can cope up the global need and reduces the water use to 50%, labour cost to 60% and increases productivity by 5-10%. It involves sowing of pre-germinated seeds into wet soil surface (wet seeding), dry soil surface (dry seeding) and standing water (water seeding). Weeds are the major constraint in direct-seeded rice (DSR) reducing the crop yield upto 90% and sometimes even crop failure. Enhanced nutrient use efficiency and integrated weed management can produce comparable yields to that of transplanted rice (TPR) encouraging many farmers to switch to DSR. Methane gas emission is significantly lower in DSR than in conventionally tilled puddled transplanted rice mitigating the world’s threat of global warming. Blast disease and root-knot nematode (RKN) are other important problems associated with DSR. Based on the evidences collected, the article reviews integrated package of cultivation technologies associated with DSR, advantages, constraints and likeliness of DSR to be the future of rice cultivation in Nepal.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 181-198
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Midya, Ashim, Binoy Kumar Saren, Joy Kumar Dey, Sagar Maitra, Subhashisa Praharaj, Dinkar Jagannath Gaikwad, Ahmed Gaber, Walaa F. Alsanie, and Akbar Hossain. "Crop Establishment Methods and Integrated Nutrient Management Improve: Part I. Crop Performance, Water Productivity and Profitability of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Lower Indo-Gangetic Plain, India." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 1860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091860.
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In the eastern part of India, rice as the most vital staple food crop supports as well the livelihood security of a vast population. Rice is mostly grown under conventional flooded culture without proper nutrient management. Crop performance, water productivity and economic profitability of rice cultivation need to be assessed under water-saving rice production methodologies with proper integrated plant nutrient management strategies using locally available low-cost nutrient sources. A field trial was conducted at the Adaptive Research Farm, Polba (58.57 m msl), Agriculture Department, West Bengal, India, during the rainy/wet seasons of 2014 and 2015 under aerobic culture, the system of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional flooded culture. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of integrated plant nutrition and water-saving rice production methodologies on the crop performance and water productivity of rice and analyse the economic profitability of rice under different nutritional management and crop production methods such as aerobic culture, conventional flooded and SRI with an objective of sustainability in rice cultivation in the agroclimatic region. The results revealed that crop productivity significantly (p ≤ 0.05) varied from 4.68 t ha−1 (average yield recorded under aerobic culture) to 6.21 t ha−1 (average yield as achieved under SRI). Cultivation of rice under aerobic and conventional culture resulted in 24.6% and 20.9% yield reduction respectively as compared to SRI. Integrating 75% of the recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through chemicals with 25% RDN from vermicompost resulted in maximum crop productivity irrespective of crop culture. Aerobic rice culture registered maximum water economy in terms of both irrigation water productivity and total productivity. The study concludes that, for maximization of economic profitability, value cost ratio and partial factor productivity of nutrients the SRI method can be adopted along with integrated nutrient management (75% of RDN through chemicals with 25% RDN from vermicompost) in the lower Indo-Gangetic Plain Zone (IGPZ) of West Bengal, India.
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Marasini, S., TN Joshi, and LP Amgain. "Direct seeded rice cultivation method: a new technology for climate change and food security." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 17 (May 7, 2018): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v17i0.19857.
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Rice (Oryza sativa) is the major food crop in terms of production and economy and grown in all ecological regions of Nepal. Rice is cultivated traditionally through transplanting of 20-25 days old seedling in the country. Due to unavailability of suitable technology for rice cultivation, there is a huge yield gap in rice production of Nepal. Country has made target of self-sufficiency in rice production by 2020 AD. This target can be achieved through adoption of Direct seeded rice cultivation technology of rice cultivation which also helps to adapt in the climate change scenario of Nepal. Due to issues of water scarcity and expensive labour, direct seeded rice cultivation technology is adopting worldwide. Direct seeded rice is a resource conservation technology and reduces water and labor use by 50%. Productivity of DSR is 5-10% more than the yield of transplanted rice. It offers a very exhilarating opportunity to improve water and environmental sustainability. Methane gas emissions is lower in DSR than with conventionally tilled transplanted puddle rice. It involves sowing pre-germinated seeds into a puddled soil surface (wet seeding), standing water (water seeding) or dry seeding into a prepared seedbed (dry seeding). Precise water management, particularly during crop emergence phase (first 7-15 days after sowing), is crucial in direct seeded rice. Furthermore, weed infestation is the major problem, which can cause large yield losses in direct seeded rice. Weed management in DSR can be done through chemical, hand weeding or stale seed bed method.
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Syarifudin, Efi. "KEUANGAN MASJID DAN MODAL SOSIAL." ALQALAM 26, no. 1 (April 30, 2009): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v26i1.1510.
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This article tries to discuss the forms of philantrophy developed by society to meet the need of financial capital and the factors that become the sosial capital as a supporting factor for the smooth-running of the economy of the mosques: The study uses functional-structuralisme approach to explain the local wisdom of Singarajan People located in Subdistrict Pontang in fullfilling the needs of the mosque funding.Collecte (kotak jum'at), mider (monthly obliged payment), endowment (infak), one-tenth wet rice field of the mosque, wakaf (religious foundation), recompens (hasil selawat) used as the financial sources of Masjid Agung Baetut Taqwa become the concrete samples of the local wisdom of philantrophy practices of all financial sources of the mosque, one-tenth wet rice-field of the mosque gives the greatest contribution. The collected fund is used to fund kaom, supplies expense, care and maintenance, and renovation of the mosqueBased on functional-structuralime point of view, the participative and philantrhropical attitudes of Singarajan society are motivated by the strong structure of kindship and are influenced by the socialites and the ulama. Moreover, the mythes or oral stories dealing with the mosque, wakaf, and other property's right of the mosque that are able to prevent moral distrust toward pilanthripical practices become another influencing factor of participative and philantrhropical attitudes.
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Puste, A. M., S. Bandyopadhyay, and D. K. Das. "Economy of Fertilizer Nitrogen through Organic Sources in Rain-Fed Rice-Legume Cropping Systems in West Bengal, India." Scientific World JOURNAL 1 (2001): 722–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.456.
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Field experiments were conducted at a farmers’ plot adjacent to the Regional Research Station, red and laterite zone, Sub-center Sekhampur (Birbhum district) of West Bengal, India, situated 23° 24' N latitude, 87° 24' E longitude, to study the effect of different bio- and organic sources of nutrients instead of total fertilizer N in terms of crop productivity in the sequence and building up of soil fertility. During the wet seasons of 1997 and 1998, 12 combinations of bio- and organic sources (crop residues, well decomposed cow dung, dhanicha as green manure) were substituted for 25–50% of N fertilizer applied on transplanted rice (Cv. IR 36). Subsequently, during the winters of 1997–1998 and 1998–1999, leguminous pulse crops like lentil (Lens culinaris [L.] Medic.), gram (Cicer arietinum L.) and lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus L.) were grown with and without inoculation of Rhizobium. Results revealed that the application of inorganic N in combination with organic sources exhibited a significant increase in rice yield (3.60–3.84 t ha-1) compared to the yield from sole application of N (3.19–3.26 t ha-1). The study showed that about 25% of total applied N was saved without significant yield reduction with simultaneous improvement of soil physical properties (pH, organic matter, available N, P, K, and CEC). Seed yield of pulses (lentil, gram, and lathyrus) were more pronounced in the treatment inoculated with Rhizobium, with a saving of 42.6–48.4 kg N ha-1. Therefore, the results suggest that the combined application of inorganic and organic N sources in a 75:25 ratio is a superior N-management practice with regards to crop yields as well as improvement of soil fertility.
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Acabado, Stephen, and Marlon Martin. "The Sacred and the Secular: Practical Applications of Water Rituals in the Ifugao Agricultural System." TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2016.7.
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AbstractWater symbolisms permeate Ifugao religion, rituals, and oral tradition. Water plays a part in death, rebirth, and cleansing in Ifugao cosmology. As such, Ifugaos consider water as sacred. However, water is also central in Ifugao economy and politics. As a culture that highly values intensive wet-rice production in a mountain environment, managing access to water is necessary to maintain stability. Ifugao practices follow what Richard O'Connor described as the “agro-cultural complex” in which agricultural practices, social systems, and political, historical, and, cultural changes are understood as interlocking processes (O'Connor 1995). In this paper, we focus on the relationship between Ifugao water and agricultural rituals with the synchronizing and sequencing of agricultural activities. Using the concept of self-organization, we argue that water and agricultural rituals in Ifugao are not only meant to reinforce community cohesion, they also synchronize the farming activities crucial to a terraced ecology. Utilizing the practice of puntunaan (a ritual plot or parcel in the centre of an agricultural district) and the institution of tomona (the ritual leader of an agricultural district) as a case study, we observed that disruptions in the water and rice rituals stimulated great change in Ifugao sociopolitical organization.
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Nhung, Nguyen Hong, Nguyen Quang Thai, Bui Trinh, and Nguyen Viet Phong. "Rural and Urban in Vietnam Economic Structure." International Business Research 12, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v12n3p31.
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Vietnam is an agricultural country with a "wet rice" culture. In recent decades, in addition to the achievement of relatively high economic growth, the implementation of poverty reduction, there seems to be the trend of simple "industrialization and modernization" almost in all localities of country. Vietnam instead of using forte be cultivated and raised in tropical agriculture into workers and townsman’s in an unprepared way. When Vietnamese people's strengths are not used and promoted, they have to try or be forced to use their weakness. So, the failure is almost inevitable.
This study aims to examine the change in the level of interactions between the agriculture, forestry, fisheries and rural sectors with other sectors in the economy and urban areas based on structure of the input - output table has been updated for Vietnam in 2016 by Vietnam Institute of Development Research (implemented 2018 under a Project of Vietnam Union of Science and Technique Associations VUSTA).
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Saiful Rizal, Nanang, and Latifa Mizartika. "Study on The Making Of a Breakwell For Water Standing Management in Sitinggil Residence Jember." International Applied Science 1, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32528/ias.v1i1.45.
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Drainage is one of the facilities used to drain water so that it does not cause puddles that can disrupt people's activities and the economy. In the de sitinggil residential area, Patrang District, Jember Regency, there are flood problems caused by high rainfall and significant land use changes. Changes in land use from rice fields or empty land to settlements. The change in land use results in a larger runoff. Besides that, there is sediment deposition which reduces the wet cross-sectional area, as a result the dimensions of the existing drainage channels cannot accommodate the maximum flood discharge. To anticipate the problems that occur because, it is necessary to plan an absorption well. So based on the existing process, several conclusions can be drawn, namely the runoff discharge at the 10 year return period in the housing of 0.445 m3 / s by making 20 communal infiltration wells which will be able to reduce flooding that enters the river.
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Bianchini, Petra, Francesca Merlo, Federica Maraschi, Rosaria Brescia, Mirko Prato, Antonella Profumo, and Andrea Speltini. "From Rice Husk Ash to Silica-Supported Carbon Nanomaterials: Characterization and Analytical Application for Pre-Concentration of Steroid Hormones from Environmental Waters." Molecules 28, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020745.
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Rice husk (RH) in the rice industry is often air-burnt to obtain energy in the form of heat and RH ash (RHA) residue. In this work, RHA was applied as a starting material to obtain silica-supported carbon nanomaterials, resulting in a new reuse of a globally produced industrial waste product, in a circular economy approach. The preparation involves ultrasound-assisted one-pot oxidation with a sulfonitric mixture followed by wet oven treatment in a closed vessel. A study of oxidation times and RHA amount/acid volume ratio led to a solid material (nC-RHA@SiO2) and a solution containing silica-supported carbon quantum dots (CQD-RHA@SiO2). TEM analyses evidenced that nC-RHA@SiO2 consists of nanoparticle aggregates, while CQD-RHA@SiO2 are carbon-coated spherical silica nanoparticles. The presence of oxygenated carbon functional groups, highlighted by XPS analyses, makes these materials suitable for a wide range of analytical applications. As the main product, nC-RHA@SiO2 was tested for its affinity towards steroid hormones. Solid-phase extractions were carried out on environmental waters for the determination of target analytes at different concentrations (10, 50, and 200 ng L−1), achieving quantitative adsorption and recoveries (RSD < 20%, n = 3). The method was successfully employed for monitoring lake, river, and wastewater treatment plant water samples collected in Northern Italy.
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Jansen, H. G. P., D. J. Midmore, P. H. Binh, S. Valasayya, and L. C. Tru. "Profitability and sustainability of peri-urban vegetable production systems in Vietnam." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 44, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v44i2.552.
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Results are reported of a study of the income and cropping systems of peri-urban vegetable farmers around Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, as well as the constraints and opportunities for vegetable production and marketing. Urban population growth is fuelling the demand for timely supplies of fresh vegetables. Much of this increased demand, particularly for the more perishable species, is satisfied through peri-urban production which has significantly increased since the change from centrally planned and collective systems to a market economy. Around Ho Chi Minh City farms are small (on average about 0.8 ha), 65% which are de facto owned and with about 60% dedicated to vegetables. Most vegetable farmers also grow rice and/or groundnuts, while cabbage is the most commonly grown vegetable crop. Vegetables provide about $1000 total revenues, or $650 added value (returns to labour, land and management) per farm per year. Added value per ha per day of vegetables is double or more than that for rice, providing employment for five or more times the number for rice, despite very high labour use. The negative correlation between farm size and cropping intensity suggests that labour is a factor limiting vegetable production enterprises. One of the major demands on labour is for irrigation. Major input costs relate to organic materials, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, although much variability exists between crops. Pests, and low and variable vegetable prices, are the most commonly cited constraints. There is a clear trough in vegetable supply during August to October following the hot-wet months, and an apparent overuse of chemical fertilizers and insecticides. Lack of communal purchase of inputs and marketing limit the success of market-oriented vegetable farms.
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Barokah, Umi, Suprapti Supardi, and Sugiharti Mulya Handayani. "DAMPAK KONVERSI LAHAN PERTANIAN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI DI KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 27, no. 1 (September 11, 2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v27i1.14362.
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<p>This study aims to (1) analyzing the amount of land conversion and the factors that affect, (2) identify and analyze changes in household income structure of farm households, (3) analyze the impact of conversion on agricultural land to the income distribution, employment and welfare of farm households. The basic method on this study is a descriptive analytic. Determination of the districts location is based on (1) the number of people who worked as farmers themselves, (2) the amount and type of existing industries and (3) ease of reaching the central interconnected economy. Sub-district is elected Jumantono and Jaten. Type of data used include (1) primary data is the results of interviews with farm households, (2) secondary data from relevant instances. The results showed (1) during the 12 years there is a change 0,120 ha of wet rice field function per household farmer and owned land is the only factor affecting the conversion of agricultural land; (2) The proportion of farm income reduced by 8.30% from 42% to 33.7% and the proportion of outside farm income increased 10.30% from 54% to 64.30%), (3) the results of t test analysis with α = 5 % shows the employment and household income of farmers before the conversion is not the same as after the conversion of agricultural land (revenue increased to Rp 1.482 million per year). </p>
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Azad, Numanuddin M., and S. M. Samindi M. K. Samarakoon. "Utilization of Industrial By-Products/Waste to Manufacture Geopolymer Cement/Concrete." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020873.
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There has been a significant movement in the past decades to develop alternative sustainable building material such as geopolymer cement/concrete to control CO2 emission. Industrial waste contains pozzolanic minerals that fulfil requirements to develop the sustainable material such as alumino-silicate based geopolymer. For example, industrial waste such as red mud, fly ash, GBFS/GGBS (granulated blast furnace slag/ground granulated blast furnace slag), rice husk ash (RHA), and bagasse ash consist of minerals that contribute to the manufacturing of geopolymer cement/concrete. A literature review was carried out to study the different industrial waste/by-products and their chemical composition, which is vital for producing geopolymer cement, and to discuss the mechanical properties of geopolymer cement/concrete manufactured using different industrial waste/by-products. The durability, financial benefits and sustainability aspects of geopolymer cement/concrete have been highlighted. As per the experimental results from the literature, the cited industrial waste has been successfully utilized for the synthesis of dry or wet geopolymers. The review revealed that that the use of fly ash, GBFS/GGBS and RHA in geopolymer concrete resulted high compressive strength (i.e., 50 MPa–70 MPa). For high strength (>70 MPa) achievement, most of the slag and ash-based geopolymer cement/concrete in synergy with nano processed waste have shown good mechanical properties and environmental resistant. The alkali-activated geopolymer slag, red mud and fly ash based geopolymer binders give a better durability performance compared with other industrial waste. Based on the sustainability indicators, most of the geopolymers developed using the industrial waste have a positive impact on the environment, society and economy.
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Saeri, Moh, Joko Mariyono, Evy Latifah, Aniswatul Khamidah, Ita Yustina, Sugiono Sugiono, Khojin Supriadi, Herman Subagio, and Sri Satya Antarlina. "Formulation of Vermicelli Mixed Corn and Rice Flour with Additional Carrageenan and Its Economic Value." International Journal of Food Science 2022 (November 16, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7387223.
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The study was aimed at obtaining a vermicelli formulation on a mixture of corn and rice flour, adding carrageenan and its economic analysis. The experiment applied a 2-factorial randomized block design, where factor 1 was a mixture of corn and rice flour (5 levels) and factor 2 was carrageenan concentration (5 levels), repeated three times. The data were analyzed using ANOVA provided in SPSS. When there were significant differences, the analysis proceeded with DMRT at a level of 5% to see differences among treatments. The results show that the higher the corn flour and carrageenan concentration, the higher the vermicelli’s ash and fat content. The formulation produces wet vermicelli with a good appearance. The production of vermicelli uses an extruder method. The selected vermicelli formulation was a mixture of 25% corn flour with 75% rice flour and the addition of 0.6% carrageenan. The characteristics of the wet vermicelli are moisture content of 42.84%, ash content of 0.21% on a wet basis (wb), and fat content of 0.43% wb. The organoleptic test of vermicelli was color 3.9 (liked), aroma 3.6 (liked), texture 2.6 (quite soft), taste 3.7 (liked), and general appearance 3.5 (liked). Economically, making vermicelli made of corn and rice flour is profitable because the R/C ratio value is greater than one, which is 2.27. The resulting wet vermicelli resembles wet noodles, large in size and yellow in color, so it can be recommended as gluten-free noodles, suitable for consumption by people with gluten allergies.
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ISKANDAR, JOHAN, BUDIAWATI S. ISKANDAR, and RUHYAT PARTASASMITA. "Review: The impact of social and economic change on domesticated plant diversity with special reference to wet rice field and home-garden farming of West Java, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 515–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190227.
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Iskandar J, Iskandar BS, Partasasmita R. 2018. Review: The impact of social and economic change on domesticated plant diversity with special reference to wet rice field and home-garden farming of West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 515-527. The Impact of social and economic change on genetic diversity of domesticated plants with special reference to wet rice field and homegarden farming of West Java. Various farming systems have played an important role as sources of genetic diversity in plants. A large number of cultivated varieties have been commonly selected, maintained, and distributed by farmers and cultural practices and ecological factors have been involved. These factors, such as soil, climate, pests, and culinary, magical and ritual uses, have influenced farmers in their selection of plants in farming systems. Nowadays, however, the number of plant varieties in various farming systems of Java has dramatically declined. This article attempts to discuss the impact of social and economic change on the genetic diversity of agricultural plants of the wet rice field and home-garden farming, particularly based on data from West Java.
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Erythrina, Erythrina, Susilawati Susilawati, Slameto Slameto, Ni Made Delly Resiani, Forita Dyah Arianti, Jumakir Jumakir, Anis Fahri, Andy Bhermana, Asmanur Jannah, and Hasil Sembiring. "Yield Advantage and Economic Performance of Rice–Maize, Rice–Soybean, and Maize–Soybean Intercropping in Rainfed Areas of Western Indonesia with a Wet Climate." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (September 27, 2022): 2326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102326.
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Cereals–soybean intercropping is not well studied, despite the importance of these crops in increasing agricultural profitability and ensuring nutritional and food security in Southeast Asia. We compared different intercropping practices (IPs) with monocropping practices (MPs) for their yield and economic performance by small-scale farms without mechanization. The treatments were IPs of rice–maize, rice–soybean, or maize–soybean compared with MPs of rice, maize, or soybean as sole crops, across three provinces in the rainfed areas of western Indonesia with a wet climate. Our results show that the yield advantages using the land equivalent ratio of the IPs were 44% for rice–maize, 54% for rice–soybean, and 63% for maize–soybean compared to MPs. Rice equivalent yield, maize equivalent yield, and the gross margin under IPs were significantly higher per cycle than under MPs; IPs provided a substantially lower cost of production and of paid workers. Compared to just rice, there were additional net return gains of USD 160 and USD 203 ha−1 per cycle under rice–maize and rice–soybean intercropping. Maize–soybean intercropping resulted in an additional net return gain of USD 153 ha−1 compared to just maize. These results suggest there is considerable potential for small farmers to increase their yields and profits by intercropping in rainfed areas with a wet climate.
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Sattler, Cornelia, Julian Schrader, Rica Joy Flor, Makarakpakphea Keo, Sokunroth Chhun, Saban Choun, Buyung Asmara Ratna Hadi, and Josef Settele. "Reducing Pesticides and Increasing Crop Diversification Offer Ecological and Economic Benefits for Farmers—A Case Study in Cambodian Rice Fields." Insects 12, no. 3 (March 21, 2021): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12030267.
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Rice production is often associated with high pesticide input. To improve farmers’ practice, sustainable management approaches are urgently needed, such as ecological engineering (EE), which aims at enhancing beneficial arthropods while reducing pesticides. Here, we implemented and tested EE in Cambodian rice fields by comparing: (i) fields not treated with pesticides (control); (ii) fields not treated with pesticides but with non-rice crops planted in the surrounding (EE); and (iii) conventionally farmed fields using pesticides (CR). Using benefit-cost analysis, we compared the economic value of each treatment. The non-rice crops preferred by men and women farmers as well as farmers’ willingness to implement EE were assessed using surveys. We sampled arthropod abundance and richness in rice fields and bunds during two seasons. During the dry season, we compared EE and CR among three Cambodian provinces. During the wet season, we specifically assessed the differences in EE, control and CR in arthropod abundance and rice yield in one province. While withholding from using pesticides did not result in a decrease in yield in EE and control treatments, parasitoid abundance was higher in both treatments during the wet season. The benefit–cost ratio was highest for EE and control treatments. Pesticides were likely the main driver causing low arthropod abundance, without any benefit towards increased rice yield. The proper implementation of EE coupled with farmers’ knowledge of ecologically based pest management is a promising solution towards sustainable rice production.
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Davidson, Joanna. "“We Work Hard”: Customary Imperatives of the Diola Work Regime in the Context of Environmental and Economic Change." African Studies Review 52, no. 2 (September 2009): 119–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.0.0179.
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Abstract:Hard work is a core value among Diola rice cultivators in Guinea-Bissau. This essay explores Diola attitudes toward work in the context of recent changes in their natural and social environment. It asks why Diola maintain a particular work regime even when they admit that it is not actually working for them. The intrinsic characteristics of wet rice cultivation, the tightly woven web of social relations involved in Diola agricultural practices, and the religious ideals with which these practices are linked reinforce one another and serve as powerful drivers of continuity. But given the decreasing viability of wet rice cultivation in this region, Diola work is increasingly detached from the products it is meant to generate. Because Diola farmers remain committed to these work practices in the face of their acknowledged inability to meet subsistence needs, Diola work has become a “paradox of custom.”
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Aditto, Satit, Christopher Gan, and Gilbert Nartea. "Economic risk analysis of alternative farming systems for smallholder farmers in central and north-east Thailand." International Journal of Social Economics 41, no. 4 (April 8, 2014): 294–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-11-2012-0223.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate farmers’ risk aversion using the equally likely certainty equivalent approach and the negative exponential utility function to identify risk preference classification. Design/methodology/approach – Stochastic efficiency with respect to a function is applied to determine the risk efficient farming systems for the farmers in central and north-east regions of Thailand. Findings – The study results showed that maize followed by sorghum is the most risk efficient farming system for the extremely risk averse rain-fed farmers in the central region of Thailand. Intensive planting of wet rice and dry rice cultivation is preferred by the extremely risk averse central region irrigated farmers. Wet rice and cassava together with raising small herd of cattle is the most economically viable farming system for the extremely risk averse rain-fed farmers in the north-east region, while two rice crops with raising cattle is preferred by the extremely risk averse north-east irrigated farmers of Thailand. Originality/value – The findings of this study provide useful information to reinforce the empirical basis for risk analysis for Thai farmers. The results will provide more accurate information regarding risk at the farm level to policy makers and researchers.
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Shoda, Shinya, Hiroo Nasu, Kohei Yamazaki, Natsuki Murakami, Geon-Ju Na, Sung-Mo Ahn, and Minoru Yoneda. "Dry or Wet? Evaluating the Initial Rice Cultivation Environment on the Korean Peninsula." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (May 8, 2021): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050929.
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The origins and development of rice cultivation are one of the most important aspects in studying agricultural and socio-economic innovations, as well as environmental change, in East Asian prehistory. In particular, whether wet or dry rice cultivation was conducted is an important consideration of its impact on societies and the environment across different periods and places. In this study, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of charred crop remains from archaeological sites dating from the Early Bronze Age (ca. 1.1 k BC) to the Proto-Three Kingdoms (ca. 0.4 k AD) was conducted to clarify: (1) if there were any shifts from dry to wet cultivation around 1500 years after rice adoption as previously hypothesized and (2) the difference in stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values between rice and dry fields crops excavated from the same archaeological context to understand the cultivation environment. The result show that stable isotope values of charred rice grains have not changed significantly for around 1500 years. Moreover, rice possessed higher nitrogen stable isotope values than dry crops across all periods. While other potential factors could have influenced the 15N-enrichment of soils and crops, the most reasonable explanation is bacteriologic denitrification in anaerobic paddy soil where the rice was grown.
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Orden, Maria Excelsis, Edwin Elane, Rhenalyn Duca, Nenita Dela Cruz, Nestor Pagaduan, Angelo Fermil, Elmer Natividad, and Lorenzo Jacinto, Jr. "Socio-Economic Appraisal of Farming Households in Marginal Areas in Botolan, Zambales, Philippines." CLSU International Journal of Education and Development Studies 1, no. 1 (2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22137/ijeds.2020.v1n1.02.
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Farm households in four barangays in Botolan, Zambales were studied to make a socio-economic appraisal of their condition after the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 and the massive flooding in 2009 that further marginalized their farms. A self-construct questionnaire was used for 150 farming households. Socio-economic data, farm management practices, production, and income per household were described, pooled, and analyzed descriptively. As of 2018, rice farming was the main source of household income despite the land being less suitable for rice and production area reduced. There was low productivity and a high yield gap compared with the province’s and the region’s yield levels. There was high input cost in rice farming due to various factors including the marginal condition of the farms. There was low income from rice farming during both seasons, but the yield was much lower during the wet season due to lower yield.
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Kong, Kea, Sarith Hin, Vang Seng, Abdelbagi M. Ismail, Georgina Vergara, Il-Ryong Choi, Hiroshi Ehara, and Yoichiro Kato. "Importance of phosphorus and potassium in soil-specific nutrient management for wet-season rice in Cambodia." Experimental Agriculture 56, no. 2 (August 19, 2019): 204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479719000309.
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AbstractRice is widely grown in rainfed lowlands during the wet season in the Mekong region. Limited nutrient availability is a common constraint on crop yield, and the optimal rate of fertilizer application depends on the soil type. The objective of our study was to evaluate rice productivity and the economic feasibility of various nutrient management regimes in Cambodia. We conducted field experiments on three soil types (Prey Khmer, Prateah Lang, and Toul Samroung, equivalent to Psamments, Plinthustalfs, and Endoaqualfs, respectively) in four provinces (Battambang, Kampong Thom, Pursat, and Siem Reap) during the 2016 and 2017 wet seasons to compare nine (2016) and seven (2017) N–P–K combinations. Grain yield ranged from 0.9 to 4.8 t ha−1 in 2016 and from 1.0 to 5.2 t ha−1 in 2017, depending on soil type and nutrient management. The Prey Khmer soil contained around 80% sand, and rice yield responded most weakly to nutrient management. The moderate fertilizer input in the current soil-specific recommendation was effective on this soil type. However, on more fertile soils with a higher clay content and a higher cation-exchange capacity (Toul Samroung and Prateah Lang), an additional 20 kg N ha−1 combined with adding 15 kg ha−1 of P2O5 or 20 kg ha−1 of K2O significantly increased yield and economic return. Although P and K use during Cambodia’s wet season is uncommon, our results demonstrate the importance of these nutrients in improving the country’s rice production.
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Arouna, Alfassassi, Adjiwanou Atiglo Gbenou, Etienne Blaise M’boumba, and Sagua Majugudaada Badabake. "Effects of Sowing Methods on Paddy Rice Yields and Milled Rice Quality in Rainfed Lowland Rice in Wet Savannah, Togo." American Journal of Agricultural Science, Engineering, and Technology 7, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajaset.v7i1.1112.
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Identifying the socio-economic constraints of seeding technologies uptake and analyzing the yields, milled quality and growers’ income under various seeding methods are a strategy for sustainable rainfed lowland rice. A survey and an on-farm experiment were carried out at five locations with a random sample of 50 farmers grouped in five of the fourteen partner cooperatives of ESOP-Pagouda. The survey focused on socio-economic data collection. The experiment, replicated at five locations, involved three treatments: broadcast seeding, direct seeding, and transplanting. The paddy rice yields and milled rice quality were analyzed using R software version 4.1.3, and arithmetic means discriminated at the 5% by the Duncan test. The profitability indicators, such as the Gross Margin (GM) and the Benefit/Cost Ratio (BCR), were calculated. The results showed that 14% of farmers adopted rice transplanting method. The transplanting method increased rice yield (3.3 t/ha) compared to direct seeding (2.8 t/ha) and broadcast seeding (2.2 t/ha). The milled long grain rate (56%) was significantly higher than those under both seeding methods. Additionally, the transplanting method improved the gross margin (1,146 $USD/ha) compared to 663 $USD/ha and 431 $USD/ha for direct and broadcast seeding, respectively. The benefit/cost ratio 1.5 for transplanting was almost double from that of both seeding methods. Despite its high demand for labor and agricultural inputs, the transplanting method provided the highest paddy rice yields and milled rice quality to improve farmers’ income.
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TUONG, T. P., P. P. PABLICO, M. YAMAUCHI, R. CONFESOR, and K. MOODY. "INCREASING WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND WEED SUPPRESSION OF WET SEEDED RICE: EFFECT OF WATER MANAGEMENT AND RICE GENOTYPES." Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 1 (January 2000): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700361099.
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Weeds are major constraints to wider adoption of wet seeded rice. Two split-plot experiments on water management during crop establishment of wet seeded rice were conducted in the dry and wet seasons of 1994 to quantify crop stand establishment and weed suppression by herbicides and rice genotypes. The latter consisted of five previously identified hypoxic-tolerant lines and three standard cultivars, sown at approximately 300 seeds m−2. The tested hypoxic-tolerant genotypes had superior seedling growth, but not higher crop stand establishment than the standard ones. Genotypes that had superior crop stand establishment or faster seedling growth did not necessarily give better weed suppression. Genotypes with high tillering ability were more competitive against weeds. Echinochloa glabrescens dominated the weed flora, especially in farmers' practice and anaerobic seeding (seeding into soft mud), followed by flooding at 7 d after seeding (DAS). The relative proportion of Monochoria vaginalis increased in anaerobic seeding with flooding 3 DAS and seeding into standing water. Pretilachlor + fenclorim effectively controlled weeds in farmers' practice and anaerobic seedings, and 2,4-D in water seeding. Without herbicide, water seeding and anaerobic seeding flooded 3 DAS reduced dry weed weight by 73–88% compared with farmers' practice. Anaerobic seeding with flooding 7 DAS controlled weeds effectively when the weed pressure was low (dry season, about 136 g m−2 of weed biomass in plots without herbicide) but not when weed pressure was high (wet season, 513 g m−2). Water seeding could not sustain high rice yields due to low crop stand population caused by flotation of seedlings. Anaerobic seeding with flooding 3 DAS allowed genotypes to sustain high yield and increased water productivity (rice production per unit volume of water used in the field) without having to use herbicide or with only half of the recommended herbicide rate. The correct water management during the crop establishment stage may effectively lower the economic and possible runoff costs of herbicides without reduction in yield or water productivity.
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Balingbing, Carlito, Nguyen Van Hung, Ampy Paulo Roxas, Daniel Aquino, Mary Grace Barbacias, and Martin Gummert. "An Assessment on the Technical and Economic Feasibility of Mechanized Rice Straw Collection in the Philippines." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (September 2, 2020): 7150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177150.
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The increasing utilization of rice combine harvesters in the Philippines has made collection of scattered rice straw difficult and laborious. While there are high demands for using rice straw, e.g., for feed or mushroom production, rice straw is predominantly burned in the field due to labor shortages and the high manual cost of collection, particularly for scattered rice straw harvested by combine harvesters. This study conducted an assessment and evaluated the feasibility of mechanized collection of rice straw by comparing the performance of two types of baler (i.e., roller and piston type) for two seasons—2019 wet and dry seasons at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and in Nueva Ecija, the Philippines. The study collected data on fuel consumption, manpower requirements, and field capacity by operating the balers to collect scattered rice straw in the field and piled rice straw that was left in the field after threshing. The round baler operated at 35% lower effective field capacity (EFC) on piled rice straw than on scattered rice straw, while the square baler operated at 2.33 times and 5.79 times higher EFC compared with the round baler on piled and scattered rice straw, respectively. The square baler used for collecting scattered rice straw is more appropriate under Philippine conditions, with a significantly lower baling cost by about 68% and an average EFC that is 4.43 times higher compared to the round baler. With the increasing demand for rice straw as feedstock for ruminants and for other alternative uses, using mechanical balers to gather scattered rice straw in the field is a sustainable option for farmers to utilize the straw for value-adding purposes. This is a foremost study conducted in the Philippines to guide policy makers, development workers, and end-users on the suitability of either square balers or round balers to gather scattered rice straw in the field after rice harvesting with combines.
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Poungchompu, Supaporn, and Supawadee Chantanop. "Economic Aspects of Rice Combine Harvesting Service for Farmer in Northeast Thailand." Asian Social Science 12, no. 8 (July 7, 2016): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n8p201.
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<p>Rice combine harvesting is popular among farmers due to a labor shortage and high wage labor. This condition impacts on the rapid expansion of business of rice combine harvester service. The objective of this research was to evaluate the service characteristics of rice combine harvester for farmer and factor affecting the use of combine harvester. Primary data was collected purposively 85 operators and randomly 729 farmers with statistic analysis. Results of the study indicated that the harvesting cost of 798.48 THB/rai for using a combine harvester in wet season is smaller than the cost of manual harvesting of 1,542.17 THB/rai. The important factors affecting the use of combine harvest were farmers’ education, farm size and family size. Net return from this service business is over 250 THB/rai or over 35 % of total profit that it is economic benefit for operators. But, the operators faced high cost of fuel and of repair and maintenance cost due to unskilled operation. Thus, the government should establish a network of harvester service operators as well as encourage more maintenance training for local operator in order to high utilization efficiency in rice combine harvester. Also, the government should support farmer to expand their farm sizes by the establishment of a group farmer to easy access the use of rice combine harvester and should give wider farmer awareness education for higher adoption of combine harvester use.</p>
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Materu, Stanslaus, Sanjay Shukla, Rajendra Sishodia, Andrew Tarimo, and Siza Tumbo. "Water Use and Rice Productivity for Irrigation Management Alternatives in Tanzania." Water 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10081018.
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Rice production is important for global food security but given its large water footprint, efficient irrigation management strategies need to be developed. Expansion of rice growing area is larger than any other crop in Africa due to increasing demand for rice. Three rice irrigation management alternatives with the system of rice intensification (SRI) were field-evaluated against the conventional continuously flooded system (CF) in Tanzania. Production systems included: (1) CF (50 mm ponding depth for the entire season); (2) SRI (40 mm ponding for 3 days and no irrigation for next 5 days); (3) 80% SRI (80% of the SRI ponding); and (4) 50% SRI (50% of the SRI ponding). Experimental evaluation of the four systems was conducted for both wet and dry seasons. For the dry season, the SRI and 80% SRI produced higher yields of 9.68 tons/ha and 11.45 tons/ha and saved 26% and 35% of water, respectively compared to the CF (8.69 tons/ha). The yield advantage of the 80% SRI and SRI over the CF was less during the wet season with 6.01 tons/ha and 5.99 tons/ha of production, and water savings of 30% and 14%, respectively compared to the CF (5.64 tons/ha). The 50% SRI had lowest yield of all for both seasons, 7.48 tons/ha and 4.99 tons/ha for the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Statistically, the 80% SRI treatment outperformed all other treatments over the two seasons with an additional yield of 1.57 tons/ha and 33% (345 mm) water savings compared to the CF. Economic productivity of water (US$/ha-cm) over two seasons was highest for the 80% SRI ($20.27/ha-cm), while it was lowest for the CF ($12.89/ha-cm). Water saved by converting from the CF to the 80% SRI (1.98 million ha-cm) can support a 50% expansion in the current rice irrigated area in Tanzania. Even without irrigation expansion, the 80% SRI can increase rice production by 1.5 million tons annually while enhancing water availability for industrial and environmental uses (e.g., ecological preserves) and help achieve food security in Tanzania and the greater sub-Saharan Africa.
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Silva, J. V., C. M. R. Franco, E. M. A. Pereira, T. H. F. Andrade, and A. G. Barbosa de Lima. "Rough Rice Grain Drying (BRSMG CONAI) at Temperatures of 60 and 80°C in Oven." Defect and Diffusion Forum 369 (July 2016): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.369.148.
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a greatly important socio-economic crop. Immediate threshing and drying of wet harvested grains, to reach 18–19% (w.b) moisture content, is a practical method used by individual farmers to slow deterioration and increase selling prices. However, rough rice grain is different from other grains because it has an outer cover shell (palea and lemma) and a bran layer. Thus, the heat and mass transfer processes that take place during grain drying are different from those of other cereal grains, so understanding the effect of different treatments, drying temperature, moisture content and the gradients in rice grains is essential to optimize the drying conditions. In this sense, the current study aims to analyze the moisture removal and its effects on the stress cracking and the number of brown rice grains (BRSMG CONAI variety) at the temperatures of 60 and 80°C.
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Nachimuthu, Gunasekhar, V. Velu ., L. Gurusamy ., and K. M. Sellamuthu . "Economic Evaluation of Real Time N Management Technology in Direct Wet (Drum) Seeded Rice." Journal of Plant Sciences 2, no. 5 (August 15, 2007): 570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jps.2007.570.574.
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Bandumula, Nirmala, Santosha Rathod, Gabrijel Ondrasek, Muthuraman Pitchiah Pillai, and Raman Meenakshi Sundaram. "An Economic Evaluation of Improved Rice Production Technology in Telangana State, India." Agriculture 12, no. 9 (September 4, 2022): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091387.
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The demonstrations on improved rice production technology were organized in the Wanaparthy, Nagarkurnool, Yadadri Bhuvanagiri, and Rangareddy districts of Telangana state of India. These demonstrations were organized under the Scheduled Caste Sub Plan of the Indian Institute of Rice Research during the wet season of 2021. The biofortified varieties assume great significance to achieve nutrition security. Hence, the zinc biofortified rice variety, DRR Dhan 48 was demonstrated on the 142 farmer fields and the economic impact of these demonstrations was assessed with the ‘difference in difference’ approach. The results revealed that the production of rice under demonstration plots was more profitable with a higher benefit-to-cost ratio (B:C; 1.9) compared to that of the control plots (1.4). The independent two-sample t-test revealed that the productivity at the control plots was not statistically different from that of the demonstrations plots (p = 0.112) before the project was implemented, however, with the intervention in the form of the demonstration of improved rice production technology, the productivity differed significantly (p = 0.000) for the control and the demonstration plots for the intervention year. The results of the difference in differences estimator revealed that there was a positive impact of demonstrations on the yield of the beneficiaries. The mean productivity of demonstration plots and control plots were 5.52 t/ha and 4.5 t/ha, respectively. The farmers had an additional yield advantage of 22.6% over the control plots. The results indicated that the adoption of an improved package of practices would enable harnessing higher productivity levels and bridging the yield gaps in similar agroecosystems. Also, the results suggest the practical significance of the popularization of biofortified rice varieties for food and nutritional security.
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da Silva, Helena, and Yohanes L. Seran. "An Analysis of Economic Feasibility on The Hybrid Maize Farming of The Bima 20 URI on Several Types of Land in East Nusa Tenggara." E3S Web of Conferences 232 (2021): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123201001.
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Evaluation on feasibility of seed is carried out at the breeding level in Nagekeo Regency during 1 ( one ) year (2015 ) and the result of F1 is evaluated in the agro-ecosystem of wet rice field ( Nagekeo District ), dry land ( Kupang district ) and land of Ahuklean (Malaka district ). The results shows that: a) the average productivity of the F1 Bima 20 URI seeds is 3,200 kg/ha, however, if the price of seed was IDR 27,500/kg, the breeder will get a profit of IDR 20,496,000. b) Corn productivity of the F1 Bima 20 URI which was planted in agro-ecosystem of irrigated wet rice field, dry land and land of ahulean respectively 6.75 tons/ha, 5 tons/ha and 3 ton/ha with a profit of each respectively of IDR 22,220.00 and IDR 15,220,000, IDR 8,850.00; c) The value of R/C ratio of the seed breeder of the F1 Bima URI 20 was of 2.63 and the value of R/C ratio of the hybrid Bima URI 20 in various agroecosystems of 4.65, 3.18 and 2.81. Thus, the seeding and development of the hybrid corn Bima URI 20 in NTT is reasonably to be carried out.
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Lampah, Liby Rosany, Oktavianus ,. Porajouw, and Gene H. M. Kapantow. "TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA PETANI PADI SAWAH DAN JAGUNG DI DESA MATANI, KECAMATAN TUMPAAN, KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 13, no. 3A (January 11, 2018): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.13.3a.2017.18660.
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This study aims to compare the level of welfare of farmers who seek in the field of wetland rice and corn farmers in the Village Matani Tumpaan District in South Minahasa. The study lasted from July to September 2017. The data used are primary data collected throught interviews with farmers by purposive sampling taken 15 corn farmers and 15 rice field farmers.The study on farmers’ welfare level is seen from the form of economic and non economic variables enjoyed by respondents based on the criteria of BKKBN covering 5 stages of family welfare indicators. Secondary data is obtained throught documents and research results and library, data and information in village, sub-district and district offices. The result of this research concludes that rice farmers are more prosperous than corn farmers in Matani Village. Tumpaan Subdistrict of South Minahasa Regency. Wet land paddy farmers are included in the stages of the Prosperous Family II (KS II) and Prosperous Family III (KS III) while corn farmers are included in the stage of the Prosperous Family I (KS I).
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Alam, Md Mehedi, Kishor Kumar Tikadar, Neaz A. Hasan, Rabeya Akter, Abul Bashar, A. K. Shakur Ahammad, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman, Md Rushna Alam, and Mohammad Mahfujul Haque. "Economic Viability and Seasonal Impacts of Integrated Rice-Prawn-Vegetable Farming on Agricultural Households in Southwest Bangladesh." Water 14, no. 17 (September 4, 2022): 2756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14172756.
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Integrated aquaculture is an efficient method to address food scarcity and land resources. This study analysed the impacts of integrated rice–prawn–vegetable farms (RPVF) compared with conventional rice farms (CRF) on farming households in southwest Bangladesh, in terms of cropping pattern, financial profitability and viability, and cash-flow. Data were collected through face-to-face recall interviews from farmers of CRF and RPVF. For RPVF, farmers cultivated diverse produce in the wet season, such as prawn/shrimp, carps in reservoirs and vegetables on dikes, and boro rice with vegetables in the dry season, whereas only rice was cultivated in both seasons for CRF. The annual hectare−1 net revenue from integrated RPVF was USD 2742.7, 3.6 times higher than for CRF (USD 756.6). RPVF had a higher undiscounted benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of 1.58 as compared with 1.34 for CRF. Net Present Value (NPV) and discounted BCR show that the integrated RPVF has higher potential and profitability than CRF. Year-round vegetable production and selling have resulted in a smooth cash-flow in integrated RPVF. Authorised extension agencies, such as the Department of Fisheries and Department of Agricultural Extension collaboratively can promote RPVF in other potential parts of Bangladesh, through which farmers can benefit year after year by investing farm income for the same farm and envisage food security.
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Prakash, Bhagwati, Terry J. Siebenmorgen, Kristen E. Gibson, and Shweta Kumari. "Effect of Storage Moisture Content on Milling Characteristics of Rough Rice." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 4 (2019): 1011–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13274.
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Abstract. Rough rice in the Mid-South U.S. is typically stored and milled at a moisture content (MC) between 12% and 13% on a wet basis. Drying harvested rice to lesser MCs requires increasingly greater energy and reduces the overall mass of rice, both of which translate into lesser financial return for the crop. Considering these disadvantages of drying and storing rice at lesser MCs, farmers and grain handlers have been interested in exploring storing rice at slightly greater MCs. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of storing rice at five MCs (11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, and 15%) on milling characteristics, particularly surface lipid content (SLC), milled rice yield (MRY), and head rice yield (HRY); additionally, the effects of storing rice at two storage temperatures (25°C and 35°C) and several storage durations (up to one year) on milling characteristics were investigated. Five long-grain rice lots were harvested in 2016 and 2017 from several locations in Arkansas; rice from each lot was gently dried to the target MCs and then stored in sealed glass jars at selected temperatures. With an increase in storage MC, shorter milling durations were needed to achieve a given SLC, which could potentially reduce the cost of the milling operation. However, rice samples stored at greater MCs were observed to have lesser HRYs, which could reduce the economic value of rice. The mean HRYs of the 15% MC samples were 4.8 to 9.1 percentage points less than the mean HRYs of the 12% MC samples. This study quantifies the milling characteristics of rice when stored for various durations at different MCs and temperatures. Overall, these data will allow the rice industry to make informed decisions related to storage conditions of rice, specifically storage MC. Keywords: Head rice yield, Milling, Moisture content, Rice, Storage.
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Kwon, Oh-Do, Kyu-Nam An, Yeen Lee, Seo-Ho Shin, Heung-Gyu Park, Hae-Ryoung Shin, Byeong-Cheol Moon, and Yong-In Kuk. "Rice Yield Loss and Economic Threshold Levels by Densities of Scirpus planiculmis and Lindernia dubia in Wet-Seeded Rice Paddy Fields." Korean Journal of Weed Science 31, no. 4 (December 31, 2011): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5660/kjws.2011.31.4.348.
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SUSANTO, UNTUNG, UMI BAROKAH, AKHMAD HIDAYATULLAH, SATOTO SATOTO, and MALIKARJUNA SWAMY. "Yield and Zn content of biofortified rice genotypes in an Indonesian rice agro-ecosystem." Nusantara Bioscience 9, no. 3 (December 26, 2017): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n090308.
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Susanto U, Barokah U, Hidayatullah A, Satoto, Swamy M. 2017. Yield and Zn content of biofortified rice genotypes in an Indonesian rice agro-ecosystem. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 288-294. Approximately one-third of the world's population suffer from Zn deficiency causing significant socio-economic losses as a result of stunting and compromised immune system function. One strategy to overcome the problem is by developing rice cultivars with high grain Zn content (Zn Rice) to improve dietary intake.This study reports the yield and Zn content of 22 rice genotypes developed at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and the Indonesian Centre for Rice Research (ICRR).The experiment was conducted in the Cirebon district of West Java province during the 2013 wet season (2013WS). Yield and grain Zn content (using an XRF machine) were measured. Five lines demonstrated higher yield (ranging from 7.0 to 8.9 t/ha) than the check variety Ciherang (5.2 t/ha), but had similar grain Zn content to the check variety Ciherang (23.4 ppm), ranging from 19.0 to 24.8 ppm. On the other hand, seven lines had higher grain Zn content (ranging from 30.0 to 34.2 ppm) compared to Ciherang, and five of these lines had comparable yield to Ciherang. The selected lines had acceptable agronomic traits, and are suitable for further testing and utilization, in addition to providing a foundation for future improvement in the dual goals of increasing the yield and nutritional value of rice.
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Jahangir Kabir, Mohammad, Md Abdus Salam, Alvira Farheen Ria, and Aabu Bakr Siddique. "Economic Viability of Wet Season Aromatic and Non-aromatic Rice Cultivation in Dinajpur District of Bangladesh." American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics 5, no. 3 (2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20200503.14.
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Kader, M. A., T. L. Aditya, R. R. Majumder, T. K. Hore, A. K. M. Shalahuddin, and A. Amin. "Development of Drought Tolerant Rice Variety BRRI dhan66 for Rainfed Lowland Ecosystem of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Rice Journal 23, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v23i1.46080.
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A newly released drought tolerant rice variety BRRI dhan66 suitable for rainfed lowland ecosystem of Bangladesh is an improvement over existing drought tolerant rice varieties. The variety has satisfactorily been passed in the proposed variety trial conducted in the farmers’ field. As a result, National Seed Board (NSB) approved this variety for commercial cultivation in the wet season (T. Aman) in 2014. It has modern plant type with 120 cm plant height and matures in 110-115 days. The important feature of this variety is higher drought tolerance during reproductive stage. It can produce 4.5-5.0 t/ha grain yield without irrigation during reproductive stage. It can produce satisfactory yield when soil moisture remains <20% and perch water table depth is more than 70-80 cm from the surface. The seed size of the variety is 24 g with intermediate long bold grain. It has long, wide and erect flag leaf with deep green colour. It is highly promising as a drought tolerant rice variety for cultivation in the drought prone area, which helps farmers’ to get rid of huge economic loss and is contributing in sustaining food security.
Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(1): 45-55
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Blumberg, Rae Lesser. "“Dry” Versus “Wet” Development and Women in Three World Regions." Sociology of Development 1, no. 1 (2015): 91–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2015.1.1.91.
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This article explores whether a region's traditional type of agricultural production - “dry” (rain-fed) vs. “wet” (irrigated rice) - has long-term effects on women's equality and on development. It examines the three world regions with the widest range of gender stratification: a “dry” region (Middle East/North Africa/much of South Asia, the most gender-unequal) and two “wet” regions (East Asia, and Southeast Asia - traditionally the most gender-equal). Men are primary cultivators in “dry” agriculture but irrigated rice is so labor-intensive that both genders are producers. Participation in production is posited as a precondition for greater gender equality (Blumberg 1984). Working toward a theory incorporating traditional production and region into gender and development, the article considers additional factors. One is the kin/property system: in the first two regions, it privileges men (patrilineal descent; patrilocal residence; male-dominated inheritance). In Southeast Asia, it is bilateral/matrifocal. And only in Southeast Asia do women traditionally earn and control income, i.e., have economic power, the key (although not only) factor affecting gender equality in Blumberg's theory of gender stratification. Cultural-normative variables remain least favorable to women in the “dry” region (especially compared to Southeast Asia). Today, the “dry” region has the least dynamic growth, with continued low female labor force participation (LFP) in oil-poor and, especially, oil-rich nations; the two “wet” regions have pursued successful export manufacturing development strategies with high female LFP, with Southeast Asia now having the fastest growth. Development prospects vs. potential problems align similarly from worst to best in the three regions.
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Cha-un, Nittaya, Amnat Chidthaisong, Kazuyuki Yagi, and Sirintornthep Towprayoon. "Simulating the Long-Term Effects of Fertilizer and Water Management on Grain Yield and Methane Emissions of Paddy Rice in Thailand." Agriculture 11, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111144.
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Rice is an important economic crop in Thailand. However, paddy rice fields are one of the largest anthropogenic sources of methane (CH4) emissions. Therefore, suitable crop management practice is necessary to reduce CH4 emissions while rice grain yield is maintained. This study aimed to evaluate appropriate options of fertilizer and water management practices for Thai rice cultivation with regards to improving rice grain yield and reducing CH4 emissions. The Denitrification–Decomposition (DNDC) model was used to simulate grain yield and the emission of CH4 under the three fertilizer options (chemical fertilizer (F), manure (M) and chemical fertilizer + manure (F + M)) with three water management options (continuous flooding (CF), mid-season drainage (MD) and alternate wet and dry (AWD)) during the years 2011–2050. Rain-fed and irrigated rice cropping systems were used. A total of 24 sites distributed in 22 provinces were studied. The data sets of daily climate, soil properties, and rice management practices were required as inputs in the model. Model validation with observation data in a field experiment indicated that simulated grain yields (R2 = 0.83, slope = 0.98, NRMES = 0.30) and cumulative seasonal CH4 emissions (R2 = 0.83, slope = 0.74, NRMES = 0.43) were significantly and positively correlated with the observation. At the end of the simulation period (2046–2050), fertilizer management options of F and F + M gave more grain yield than the M management option by 1–44% in rain-fed rice cropping and 104–190% in irrigated rice cropping system, respectively. Among options, the lower CH4 emissions were found in AWD water management options. The appropriate options with regard to maintaining grain yield and reducing CH4 emissions in the long term were suggested to be F + M with AWD for the rain-fed rice, and F with AWD for the irrigated rice cropping systems.
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SILVA, JOÃO VASCO, and JOSHUA J. RAMISCH. "WHOSE GAP COUNTS? THE ROLE OF YIELD GAP ANALYSIS WITHIN A DEVELOPMENT-ORIENTED AGRONOMY." Experimental Agriculture 55, no. 2 (July 5, 2018): 311–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479718000236.
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SUMMARYYield gaps have become a useful tool for guiding development-related agronomy, especially in the global South. While critics have challenged some aspects of the yield gap methodology, and the relevance of food security advocacy based on yield gaps, very few studies question the actual relevance, application and scalability of yield gaps for smallholder farmers (and researchers) in the tropics. We assess these limitations using two contrasting case studies: maize-based farming systems in Western Kenya and rice-based farming systems in Central Luzon, the Philippines. From these two cases, we propose improvements in the use of yield gaps that would acknowledge both the riskiness of crop improvement options and the role that yield increases might play within local livelihoods. Participatory research conducted in Western Kenya calls into question the actual use and up-scaling of yield measurements from on-station agronomic trials to derive estimates of actual and water-limited yields in the region. Looking at maize yield gaps as cumulative probabilities demonstrates the challenges of assessing the real magnitude of yield gaps in farmers’ fields and of deciding whose yield gaps count for agricultural development in Kenya. In the case of rice-based farming systems, we use a historical dataset (1966–2012) to assess changes in rice yields, labour productivity, gross margin and rice self-sufficiency in Central Luzon, the Philippines. While large rice yield gaps persist here, there appear to be few incentives to close that gap once we consider the position of crop production within local livelihoods. In this context, economic returns to labour for farm work were marginal: labour productivity increased over time in both wet and dry seasons, but gross margins decreased in the wet season while no trend was observed for the dry season. Since most households were rice self-sufficient and further increases in crop production would offer minimal returns while relying increasingly on hired labour, we question who should close which yield gap. Our case studies show the importance of contextualising yield gaps within the broader livelihood context in which farmers operate. We propose that this should be done at farm and/or farming systems level while considering the risks associated with narrowing yield gaps and looking into multiple performance indicators.
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Suharyanto, Suharyanto. "EFISIENSI EKONOMI RELATIF USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DENGAN PENDEKATAN FUNGSI KEUNTUNGAN PADA PROGRAM SEKOLAH LAPANG-PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN TERPADU (SL-PTT) DI PROVINSI BALI." Informatika Pertanian 24, no. 1 (July 1, 2015): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ip.v24n1.2015.p59-66.
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The research was conducted at three centers of rice production in the province of Bali i.e. regency of Tabanan, Gianyar and Buleleng in dry season of 2011 and wet season of 2011/2012. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. The number of respondents consisted of 94 farmers non ICM-FFS and 122 farmers ICM-FFS with total respondents of 216 farmers. The distribution of sample respondents for each district were Tabanan district in subak Guama, Selanbawak village, Marga subdistrict as much as 78 respondents (44 ICM-FFS farmers and 34 farmer non ICM-FFS) ; Gianyar district in Subak Kumpul, Bona village, Blahbatuh subdisrict as much as 66 respondents (ICM-FFS 38 farmers and 28 farmer non ICM-FFS) and district Buleleng in subak Lebeha, Sangsit village, Sawan district as much as 72 respondent (40 farmers ICM-FFS dan 32 farmers non ICM-FFS). Relative economic efficiency and factors affecting low land rice farming profits were analyzed with Unit Output Price-Cobb Douglas Profit Function (UOP-CDPF) approach, which estimated using Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The result showed that the relative economic efficiency of ICM-FFS farmer was significantly higher than the non ICM-FFS farmers. Factors affecting low land rice farming profitability were price of N fertilizer, P fertilizer price, price of pesticides and wage of labor. The profitability of low land rice farming was higher on their own land, cultivated in the dry season and the farmers participating in the ICM-FFS.
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Sharma, Amrit, Shaurav Sharma, Pankaj Kumar Yadav, and Bibek Sodari. "Direct Seeded Rice and its Prospects in Nepal: A Review." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 12 (December 26, 2021): 2355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i12.2355-2364.4383.
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Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) is an alternative cultivation technique to the conventional Transplanted Rice (TPR). In this method, seeds are directly sown to the field without the necessity of nursery raising and transplanting. DSR can generally be divided into dry-DSR (sowing dry seeds in dry soil), wet-DSR (sowing pre-germinated seeds in moist soil) and water-seeding (sowing dry or pre-germinated seeds in standing water). This helps in saving water alongside the labour and results in early harvest due to quick crop establishment. DSR is proved to be sustainable and eco-friendly since it emits less methane than in TPR. However, there are few constraints associated with DSR such as weed infestation, crop lodging and nutrient loss. If these major issues are fixed, DSR can result in greater economic returns as compared to TPR. In absence of puddling, the soil structure can be maintained which leads to greater yields of succeeding crops. This technique has been successfully practiced in many countries like Srilanka, Malaysia and USA. In developing nations like Nepal, irrigation and labour constraints can be tackled by adopting direct-seeding for rice cultivation.
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Fernando, M. R. "Growth of Non-agricultural Economic Activities in Java in the Middle Decades of the Nineteenth Century." Modern Asian Studies 30, no. 1 (February 1996): 77–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00014098.
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The indigenous population in Java, it is generally believed, remained by and large subsistence peasants under the colonial rule in the nineteenth century. It is argued that the Javanese could not participate in the estate plantation industry or ‘transform their general pattern of already intensive farming in an extensive direction, for they lacked capital, had no way to shuck off excess labor’. Their access to waste land to became restricted and consequently they sought refuge in the wet-rice cultivation which ‘soaked up almost the whole of the’ population in a process of ‘agricultural involution’, which ‘went on steadily’ during the nineteenthcentury.’ Thus Javanese were confined to the subsistence agriculture for their living because they had neither. capital nor opportunity to embark upon a path of economic development characterized by economic diversity.
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Jariyah, Jariyah, Wicaksono L. A, and Septi N. D. "Corn Wingko Processing Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology." International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources 1, no. 2 (December 20, 2020): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v1i2.19.
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Wingko is semi-wet food from Indonesia made from grated coconut, glutinous rice flour, sugar and other additives that form a distinctive taste and aroma. Utilization of corn in the form of flour aims to reduce the use of glutinous rice flour as the main composition of wingko because in addition to being an economic commodity, corn contains fiber which is useful for digestion. This study aims to determine the effect of the proportion of corn flour, sticky rice flour and tapioca on the physical and chemical properties of wingko. This study uses the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method with the experimental design of the Central Composite Design (CCD) using 3 factors of 5 levels, namely the proportion of corn flour (43.18; 50; 60; 70; 76.82) (w / w), flour sticky rice (23,18; 30; 40; 50; 56,82) (w / w), tapioca flour (6,59; 10; 15; 20; 23,41) (w / w) are then processed using Design Expert software 7.1.5. The parameters observed were corn flour including water content, ash, starch, amylose, crude fiber and yield, in glutinous rice flour and tapioca including starch and amylose content, while in wingko products included water content, aw, starch, crude fiber and texture. The results showed that corn flour had a moisture content of 7.12%, ash 0.34%, starch 84.72%, amylose 21.22% of the total ingredients, crude fiber 1.15% and yield of 79.8%. Glutinous rice flour has a starch content of 81.98% and amylose 1.02% of the total ingredients while tapioca flour has a starch content of 78.71% and amylose 20.63% of the total ingredients. The optimum conditions of wingko products were obtained in the proportion of corn flour: sticky rice: tapioca 50:38:20 (w / w) with 23.46% moisture content, aw 0.881, starch content 50.87%, crude fiber 2.78% and texture 0.01194 mm / gs had desirability 0.831.
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Sulistyo, Ary. "Local Community and Its Existence: The Environmental Wisdom of Kasepuhan Community at Kampong Cengkuk, Sukabumi District, West Java." Sosioglobal : Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Sosiologi 3, no. 2 (July 13, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jsg.v3i2.20374.
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The research focused on the eternality of environmental preservation of indigenous Sunda Village of Kasepuhan Ciptagelar at Southern Halimun Mountain, Sukabumi District, West Java. The local community still exist with living heritage of Sundaness tradition and culture as well as rural tourism. The study associated with the depreciation of land and population growth. Socio-culture approach on this research has focused into environmental wisdom values that occupied the forest land. The result showed that Kasepuhan indigenous tradition is still practicing by community that protected the forestland at the south of the settlement only for their subsistence. Social-culture changes were occurring in the community with no agricultural activities in the forest (outer islands agriculture), but farmed in rice field activities (wet rice cultivation). Reduction in process and ceremonial activities also happened. More profane activities were developing economic crops in kebun-talun. The spatial pattern in environmental aspect was still have position; mountains-settlement-rivers; the main village of Kasepuhan—and the compose of several cluster villages. Indigenous villages that were geographically higher usually have more stricted tradition than the lower one.
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Banerjee, Hirak, Krishnendu Ray, Sudarshan Dutta, Kaushik Majumdar, Talatam Satyanarayana, and Jagadish Timsina. "Optimizing Potassium Application for Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Coastal Saline Soils of West Bengal, India." Agronomy 8, no. 12 (December 4, 2018): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8120292.
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The present study assesses the response of hybrid rice (variety Arize 6444) to potassium (K) application during rainy (wet) seasons of 2016 and 2017 in coastal saline soils of West Bengal, India. The study was conducted at the Regional Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kakdwip, West Bengal. The soil is clayeywith acidic pH (5.91), saline (Electrical conductivity/EC 1.53 dS m−1) and of high K fertility (366 kg ha−1). The experimental plots were laid out in a randomized complete block design with five (5) K treatments (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg K2O ha−1) with four replications. Plant height, dry matter (DM) in different plant parts, number of tillers, and grain yield were measured in each treatment for the determination of optimum K dose. The study revealed that the stem, leaf, and grain dry matter production at 60 days after transplanting (DAT) and harvest were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher at 90 kg K2O ha−1 application. The number of tillers hill−1 was also higher (p ≤ 0.05) in plants fertilized with 90 kg K2O ha−1 over K omission. At harvest, grain K concentration improved (p ≤ 0.05) with K fertilization at 90 kg K2O ha−1, 116% more than the zero-K. Omission of K application from the best treatment (90 kg K2O ha−1) reduced grain yield by 3.5 t ha−1 even though the available K content was high. Potassium uptake restriction due to higher Mg content in the soil may have caused reduced uptake of K leading to yield losses. The present study also showed higher profits with 90 kg K2O ha−1 with higher net returns (US$ 452 ha−1) and benefit:cost ratio (1.75) over other treatments from hybrid rice (var. Arize 6444). From the regression equation, the economic optimum level of K (Kopt) was derived as 101.5 kg K2O ha−1 that could improve productivity of hybrid rice during the wet season in coastal saline soils of West Bengal.
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Abidin, Zainal, Samrin ,, and Didik Raharjo. "EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI PENGELOLAAN HARA SPESIFIK LOKASI PADA TANAMAN PADI DI LAHAN SAWAH IRIGASI SULAWESI TENGGARA." Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian 19, no. 3 (October 18, 2016): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v19n3.2016.p227-241.
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<p>Pemupukan merupakan salah satu komponen teknologi yang penting dalam upaya peningkatan produksi padi,namun teknologi rekomendasi pemupukan yang digunakan selama ini kurang spesifik. PHSL adalah aplikasi berbasis komputer yang dapat digunakan untuk memperoleh rekomendasi pemupukan yang spesifik lokasi. Kajian dilakukan untuk mengetahui keragaan pertumbuhan, produksi, dan aspek ekonomi penerapan teknologi PHSL pada lahan sawah irigasi di Sulawesi Tenggara. Kajian dilakukan melalui kaji terap dengan membandingkan antara teknologi pemupukan berdasarkan PHSL dengan teknologi pemupukan berdasarkan kebiasaan petani selama dua musim tanam yaitu pada MH 2011/2012 (Oktober 2011 – Januari 2012) pada luasan 4 ha yang melibatkan 40 orang petani dan MK 2012 (Juli – November) pada luasan 21,4 ha melibatkan 25 orang petani di Kecamatan Uepai Kabupaten Konawe.Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anakan produktif dan hasil padi sawah yang menggunakan rekomendasi pemupukan PHSL lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata sementara jumlah gabah hampa lebih rendah dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan teknologi petani. Produktivitas padi yang menggunakan rekomendasi pemupukan PHSL lebih tinggi 20% - 34% dibandingkan dengan teknologi eksisting petani. Aplikasi PHSL relatif baik dalam menentukan dosis pupuk N, P dan K dengan tingkat pencapaian target produksi mencapai 87,5% pada MT I dan 89,5% pada MT 228 Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, Vol. 19, No.3, November 2016: 227-241 II. Penerapan teknologi PHSL memberikan perbedaan keuntungan sebesar Rp3.912.200 pada MT I dan Rp2.838.700 pada MT II. Nilai MBCR pada MT I dan MT II masing-masing 5,12 dan 5,70, menunjukkan rekomendasi pemupukan PHSL layak diterapkan.</p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong></strong>Effectiveness of Site Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM) Application for Rice on Irrigated Land at Southeast Sulawesi. Fertilizing technology is a component technology to increase the rice production, otherwise the existing recommendation for fertilizing is not locally specific. Site Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM) is a software technology to obtain the site specific fertilizing recommendation. The research was applied to analyze the performance of plant growth, production, and economic aspect on irrigated rice area in South East Sulawesi. The research was conducted using action research by comparing SSNM with farmer existing technology for two seasons including wet season (October 2011 – January 2012) for 4 ha area collaborated with 40 farmers and dry season (Juli – November 2012) for 21,4 ha and collaborated with 25 farmers at Uepai Sub District in Konawe District. The result showed that tillering quantity and rice yield of those using SSNM recommendation were significantly higher and the number of empty grains was significantly lower than farmer’s practice as well. The rice productivity using SSNM recommendation was higher 20 – 34% than farmer’s practice. SSNM software was compatible to use in setting doses of N, P and K recommendation with rate of production target reached 87,5% for season I and 89,5% for season II. The application of SSNM technology contributed to increase income by IDR3.912.200 in wet season and IDR2.838.700 in dry season. MBCR value were 5,12 in wet season and 5,70 in dry season those showed SSNM technology was feasible to be applied.</p>