Journal articles on the topic 'Wet fading'

Abstract. Understanding reactions of surfactant-amended droplets on difficult-to-wet weed surfaces could help develop application strategies to increase herbicide efficacy. Behaviors of herbicidal droplets containing different emulsifiable anti-evaporation spray adjuvants were investigated by characterizing 250 and 450 µm herbicidal droplet dispersion and fading time on cucurbitaceous leaves placed inside a 20°C chamber at 30% and 60% relative humidity (RH). Droplet maximum coverage area increased with droplet size but not with RH, while droplet fading time increased with both droplet size and RH. Despite 450 µm droplets having greater maximum coverage area than 250 µm droplets, the larger droplets had higher fading rates and lower ratios of maximum coverage area to droplet volume. Droplet maximum coverage area and fading time on leaves were affected by adding spray adjuvants to the herbicide-only solution. The Uptake surfactant was more effective than the other two surfactants (AntiEvap+BS1000 and Enhance) in increasing droplet maximum coverage area and fading time. Compared to the herbicide-only solution, addition of Uptake surfactant to the herbicide solution could increase maximum coverage area by 68% and 52% for 250 and 450 µm droplets, respectively, but addition of AntiEvap+BS1000 or Enhance surfactants did not show significant increase. Similarly, addition of Uptake surfactant to the herbicide-only solution increased droplet fading times by 11.1% and 13.2% at 30% and 60% RH, respectively, for 250 µm droplets and by 34.7% and 2.8% at 30% and 60% RH, respectively, for 450 µm droplets. In contrast, addition of AntiEvap+BS1000 surfactant reduced fading time, and addition of Enhance surfactant did not significantly affect fading time. Therefore, appropriate selection of spray adjuvants for herbicide applications could significantly influence droplet deposit behaviors on cucurbitaceous leaves, leading to improved effectiveness of weed control. Keywords: Herbicide application, Spray deposition, Spray droplet, Surfactant, Weed control.

Northern voles and lemmings are famous for their spectacular multiannual population cycles with high amplitudes. Such cyclic vole populations in Scandinavia have shown an unexpected and marked long-term decline in density since the early 1970s, particularly with a marked shift to lower spring densities in the early 1980s. The vole decline, mainly characterized by a strongly decreased rate of change in numbers over winter, is associated with an increased occurrence of mild and wet winters brought about by a recent change in the North Atlantic Oscillation. This has led to a decrease in winter stability and has shortened the period with protective snow cover, the latter considered as an important prerequisite for the occurrence of multiannual, high-amplitude cycles in vole populations. Although the vole decline is predicted to be negative for predators' reproduction and abundance, empirical data showing this are rare. Here we show that the dynamics of a predator–prey system (Tengmalm's owl, Aegolius funereus , and voles), have in recent years gradually changed from 3–4 yr, high-amplitude cycles towards more or less annual fluctuations only.

A new propagation model is proposed for estimating the attenuation of wireless communication signals in woodland environments. After rainfall or snowfall, the components of the woodland area become moist which degrades the received signal level. To take this into account, the model considers wet/dry states of the foliage, and its dependency on the operating frequency. The parameters of the propagation loss model are optimized using the least squares method. To demonstrate the validity and usefulness of the model, computed results are compared with measured data where excellent matching is observed. It is noted that not only the foliage and rainfall affect the propagation phenomenon, but also wet foliage condition after rainfall contributes to the fading of the wave.

The paper analyses the machinery costs associated with the performance of the individual operations when growing and harvesting the legume-cereal intercrops (LCI). For this purpose, a database of costs associated with the individual operations concerning the LCI growing has been created. This database is continuously updated in such a way that it enables to estimate variable costs associated with the individual LCI growing and harvesting operations. The authors followed up and analysed the process of growing and harvesting the LCI as a fodder crop and preserving the harvested material in the form of haylage and silage or for grain (both wet and dry). The analysed data were obtained in the course of the individual operations of machinery used in the individual technologies of establishing and growing of the LCI under the conditions of organic farming.

Purpose Sulphur dyes are the most highly consumed colourants for cellulosic substrates owing to their reasonable cost and acceptable fastness. However, the use of noxious conventional reducing agent, sodium sulphide and impaired wash fastness against oxidative bleaching is gradually decreasing the market of these dyes. As the need for “Green” goods and services is raising public awareness, this paper aims to use a glucose-based biodegradable reducing agent in place of sodium sulphide to dye cotton fabrics with a range of commercial sulphur dyes. The study also proposes an aftertreatment method to improve the fastness properties of the dyeing. Design/methodology/approach The paper investigated the impact of a newly developed aftertreatment method on the fastness properties of dyeing. This involved the sequential application of a cationic fixing agent (Tinofix ECO) and tannin (Bayprotect CL) on the coloured fabrics and subsequent evaluation of colour strength, washing, light and rubbing fastness. Findings The effect of aftertreating the dyed cotton was found to significantly improve the light and wet rub fastness. The surface morphology of the dyeing remained unaffected as depicted by the absence of any finish residues. Research limitations/implications The protective effect of the cation–tannin aftertreatments was examined with a view to providing the necessary commercial performance; however, it was established that the dry rub fastness was either reduced or remained unaffected and the wash fastness to International Organization for Standardization 105 C09 was also marginal. Originality/value This finishing technique is novel and can be found useful for manufacturing sulphur-dyed products with the improved light and wet rub fastness.

The aim of this study is to design a batik coloring machine using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method in order to increase the value of fading and stains on fabrics. It can be concluded that the results of the design of batik coloring machines according to the application of QFD have 3 rollers/cylinders and propulsion about 0.190 HP with the working concept of a sheet of cloth wrapped around the cylinder with rotation of 72.5 rpm. There are significant differences between variables in the design before and after the experiment on the batik value quality analysis of soap washing and desecration of unbleached plain cloth of Primisima type, Gamelan stamp. The average difference between before and after the experiment is 0.060 or increase to 6%, while for the analysis of batik quality test, the value of rubbing dry and wet cloth has a mean difference between before and after the experiment of 0.100 or an increase of 10%. Standard time generated from the measurement process using a machine dipping carried out by 20 batik makers has a value of 0.2701 hours/ unit with total output of 4 units/ hour, while standard time for coloring activities that uses a bucket dip is 0.5346 hours / unit with total output of 2 units/ hour.

The basis of this paper is Wei and Tirkkonen, 2012, in which expressions for the key performance metrics of the sphericity test applied to the multiantenna cooperative spectrum sensing of multiple primary transmitters in cognitive radio networks over nonfading channels are provided. The false alarm and the detection probabilities were derived in Wei and Tirkkonen, 2012, based on approximations obtained by matching the moments of the test statistics to the Beta distribution. In this paper we show that the model adopted in Wei and Tirkkonen, 2012, does not apply directly to fading channels, yet being considerably inaccurate for some system parameters and channel conditions. Nevertheless, we show that the original expressions from Wei and Tirkkonen, 2012, can be simply and accurately applied to a modified model that considers fixed or time-varying channels with any fading statistic. We also analyze the performance of the sphericity test and other competing detectors with a varying number of primary transmitters, considering different situations in terms of the channel gains and channel dynamics. Based on our results, we correct several interpretations from Wei and Tirkkonen, 2012, in what concerns the performance of the detectors, both over a fixed-gain additive white Gaussian noise channel and over a time-varying Rayleigh fading channel.

By using radius of decision region, an approximate formula to estimate word error rate (WER) of Turbo-like codes is proposed. The approximate formula is simply expressed in the form of Gaussian Q function, which consists of signal to noise ratio (SNR), mathematical expectation and variance of squared radii in decision region, etc. In addition, the approximate expression can be easily extended to fading channels with negligible error of WER. Simulation results show that the deviation between the proposed formula and Monte Carlo simulation is no more than 1dB over fading channels.

“In cottage gardens sweet flowers drink Last dregs of colour from the fading light. Their scent floats on the dusk, to link With the now distant thunder of the engines In a strange deceit; As if the world went well …”

In this paper, we consider the problem of decision fusion for noncoherent detection in a wireless sensor network. Novel to the current work is the integration of the hybrid multi-access channel (MAC) in the fusion rule design. We assume that sensors transmit their local binary decisions over a hybrid MAC which is a composite of conventional orthogonal and nonorthogonal MACs. Under Rayleigh fading scenario, we present a likelihood ratio (LR)-based fusion rule, which has been shown to be optimal through theoretical analysis and simulation. However, it requires a large amount of computation, which is not easily implemented in resource-constrained sensor networks. Therefore, three sub-optimal alternatives with low-complexity are proposed, namely the weighed energy detector (WED), the deflection-coefficient-maximization (DCM), and the two-step (TS) rules. We show that when the channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low, the LR-based fusion rule reduces to the WED rule; at high-channel SNR, it is equivalent to the TS rule; and at moderate-channel SNR, it can be approached closely by the DCM rule. Compared with the conventional orthogonal and nonorthogonal MACs, numerical results show that the hybrid MAC with the proposed fusion rules can improve the detection performance when the channel SNR is medium.

Abstract Book catalogues can be helpful tools for tracing the history of individual volumes. Nevertheless, how far and how deep in time can we go when we wish to reconstruct the provenance of books by relying on catalogue data? Using material samples, the article demonstrates the spectrum of provenance potential book catalogues hold and can offer.

Abstract Indirect interactions in food webs can strongly influence the net effect of global change on ecological communities yet they are rarely quantified and hence remain poorly understood. Using a 22-year time series, we investigated climate-induced and predator-mediated indirect effects on grazing intensity in the tundra food web of Bylot Island, which experienced a warming trend over the last two decades. We evaluated the relative effects of environmental parameters on the proportion of plant biomass grazed by geese in wetlands and examined the temporal changes in the strength of these cascading effects. Migrating geese are the dominant herbivores on Bylot Island and can consume up to 60% of the annual production of wetland graminoids. Spring North Atlantic Oscillation, mid-summer temperatures and summer abundance of lemmings (prey sharing predators with geese) best-explained annual variation in grazing intensity. Goose grazing impact increased in years with high temperatures and high lemming abundance. However, the strength of these indirect effects on plants changed over time. Grazing intensity was weakly explained by environmental factors in recent years, which were marked by a sharp increase in plant primary production and steady decrease in grazing pressure. Indirect effects do not seem to be reversing the direct positive effect of warming on wetland plants. We suggest that cascading effects on plants may lag considerably behind direct effects in vertebrate dominated arctic communities, especially where key herbivore populations are strongly affected by factors outside of the Arctic.

Inventory of goods is an activity of recording goods as well as processing data on inventory of goods owned by a school. In educational institutions, school facilities and infrastructure are very important. Facilities and infrastructure are useful to support the implementation of the teaching and learning process, both directly and indirectly in an institution, to achieve educational goals. Good data management will provide great benefits for smoothness and success in the activities of an organization. Research with the title "Application Inventory Management Application at Vocational School 1 Plampang". Problem formulation: How to design and build an Inventory Management Application in SMK Negeri 1 Plampang ?. Objective: To design and build an Inventory Management Application in SMK Negeri 1 Plampang. Research Methods: Descriptive with a qualitative approach. The data collection methods used are observation, interviews, and literature. The software development method used in designing the Inventory Management Application at SMK Negeri 1 Plampang is a waterfall. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Conclusion: This application can help employees of administration at SMK Negeri 1 Plampang in managing goods data such as fading in the search for data and when making reports.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a web-delivered multicomponent behavioral and family-based intervention targeting self-regulation and self-monitoring of blood glucose levels (SMBG) and glycemic control (HbA1c) in teens with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) living in rural US.Methods. 15 teens with poorly controlled T1DM participated in a 25-week web-delivered intervention with two phases, active treatment (weekly treatment sessions and working memory training program) and maintenance treatment (fading of treatment sessions).Results. Almost all (13 of 15) participants completed at least 14 of 15 treatment sessions and at least 20 of 25 working memory training sessions. SMBG was increased significantly at end of active and maintenance treatment, and HbA1c was decreased at end of active treatment (p’s ≤ 0.05). Executive functioning improved at end of maintenance treatment: performance on working memory and inhibitory control tasks significantly improved (p’s ≤ 0.02) and parents reported fewer problems with executive functioning (p=0.05). Improvement in inhibitory control was correlated with increases in SMBG and decreases in HbA1c.Conclusions. An innovative web-delivered and multicomponent intervention was feasible for teens with poorly controlled T1DM and their families living in rural US and associated with significant improvements in SMBG and HbA1c.

National traditional crafts are a treasure-house of rich heritage, and traditional culture with Chinese style and folkloric becomes attractive in recent years, then the innovational combination of traditional elements and modern fashion is the only way towards further industry development. Meanwhile, as one kind of special traditional embroideries, the art and process characteristics of Najin meet the requirements of jacquard weaving. On the basis of jacquard-weaving embroidery, this paper designs Najin style fabrics, in which the ground yarn is grounded on openwork weaves, and embroidery based on weft whole float long as well as the principle of space mixed color. Applying elements of paper-cutting arts in pattern design with Najin’s horizontal, vertical and inclined changing, a richly innovative design is developed. While proving the feasibility of jacquard-weaving embroidery, this paper also provides promising future for the fading Najin culture.

The history of the West German coal mining industry since the late 1950s can be seen as a story of industrial decline and at the same time as a success story for a corporatist politics of “social responsibility”. The mining trade union together with the state and the companies all participated in sustaining a mode of shrinkage that allowed to avoid sudden mass unemployment and keep up a slow fading of the industry over six decades. This process, however, was a matter of constant re-negotiation. Calling on the principle of social responsibility constituted a crucial element in the moral economy of industrial decline. Yet the state’s structural and financial support for the mining communities went along with changing work environments and increased pressures for the mine workers. This article juxtaposes the memories of shop stewards, trade union officials and other workers’ representatives who had to negotiate such terms of industrial change with the narratives of mine workers and employees subjected to these measures. It asks for the extent to which the narratives and interpretations of mine closure overlap or differ for these two memory collectives.

This paper investigates the changes in the properties of denim garments with respect to laser intensities of different DPI and Pixel Time. The laser added value to denim garments can fade the outer surface and the yarn portion significantly. In this research, DPI 20 and 25 along with Pixel Time 100, 150 and 200 were applied on samples to investigate the fabric weight, absorbency, crease recovery, tear resistance, tensile strength, pilling and abrasion resistance. For each of the cases, increased DPI and Pixel Time had much greater impact than other parameters on the denim garment samples. After treatment, the fabric sample indicated around 10-30% in weight reduction. The absorbency property of the sample on the other hand showed that higher DPI and Pixel Time required less time to absorb the water on the fabric surface. Furthermore, fabric crease recovery property reduced sharply where maximum 33% crease could not recover after laser exposure. For both tear resistance and tensile strength, especially warp way direction, property reduced more compared to weft way direction due to higher fading effects. After 12,000 cycles, both pilling and abrasion resistance property demonstrated significant reduction for higher laser intensities.

Introdução: A Reabilitação Respiratória (RR) é uma componente central do tratamento não farmacológico da DPOC. O treino de exercício é um elemento primordial da RR. Porém, pouco se sabe sobre a efetividade destes programas prescritos por enfermeiros. Objetivos: Identificar o impacte de um programa de RR, prescrito por enfermeiros, na capacidade para o autocuidado, da pessoa com DPOC. Métodos: Revisão sistemática de literatura até ao dia 4 de fevereiro de 2019, com recurso à MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and CINAHL. Resultados: Incluímos um estudo que comprovou que as pessoas com DPOC, que participaram num programa de RR, prescrito por enfermeiros, revelaram uma redução nos níveis de fadiga, melhoria na qualidade de vida e na capacidade para executar as atividades de vida diária. Conclusão: O estudo permitiu identificar melhorias nos níveis de fadiga, na qualidade de vida e na execução das atividades de vida diária resultantes da reabilitação respiratória prescrita por enfermeiros. Palavras-chave: doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica; treino de exercício; autocuidado; reabilitação respiratória

Youth research in recent years has revealed that, with info-communication tools (smart phones, web 2.0) becoming a part of children’s and youths’everyday life, screenager generations spend less and less time on face-to-face conversations both in the family and in their peer group. Influencers and virtual (online) communities are gradually taking over the role to form children’s thinking played so far by traditional interpreting communities’(family, peer groups). Youths’exposure or, in other words, vulnerability to hoaxes and manipulative information spread via the Internet is increasing. The premise of our research is that the lack of family discourse on family history and historical events leads to unrelatedness, which results in collective memory fading away. At the same time, the social role of trans-historical values among members of young generations and their effect on guiding young people’s behaviour is decreasing. These factors may transform the objectives and function of history as a school subject and history education (as a form of civic education realised in school). In the present study, we explore family discourse on historical events in students’families and issues of students’value orientations. Furthermore, we investigate opinions on social values that may be represented by history as a school subject and students’ and teachers’ views on the tasks of history education.

As the use of computers in our daily lives increases, so has the need for a natural procedure to interact with the computers. The ultimate aim of human computer interaction is to bring the change that there is always a natural way of interacting with computers coupled with ease and flexibility. Printed and textual media such as prescriptions, invoices, receipts, etc. occupies a large segment of our day-to-day activities and given their volume, it is inefficient to manage them physically as there’s always an associated risk of fading, damage, misplacing, etc. and hence a medium is required for their digital conversion. In this project, we have developed a robust, cross-platform web application that can process the images using PyTesseract based algorithms that can efficiently extract the textual data to facilitate the storage and retrieval of the same. The extracted text can be downloaded as a text file and can also be translated into the desired language. This is an active field of research and thus this paper also discusses various current implementations of the mentioned concept. The Optical Character Recognition framework finds applications in a variety of fields such as business process activities, number plate recognition, KYC and banking processes to name a few.

AbstractBiomanipulation of consumer populations can have strong top-down impacts on the composition and biomass of lower trophic levels. In this paper, we assess how changes in crustaceans’ biomass influence classical grazing and the microbial food web in an oligo-mesohumic, low-pH lake (Mazurian Lake District, Poland). Removal of mesozooplankton from the experimental mesocosms created a gradient of crustacean biomass resulting in the biomass increase of rotifers, phytoplankton and protozooplankton, while autotrophic eukaryotic picoplankton (eu-APP) and bacteria were not affected. The strongest modifications concerned the rotifer biomass and phytoplankton community structure. Our results imply that the trophic cascade generated in the experiment did not extend to bacteria and eu-APP.

The following paper is a theoretical and empirical study. The terminological differences between bankruptcy and insolvency have been indicated and compared in the article. Most frequently considered aspects of bankruptcy appear in definitions. The first of them emphasizes the economic character of bankruptcy. Insolvency is a culmination of a lack of financial means and the loss of solvency, which does not have a fading tendency, but develops into a permanent phenomenon. In legal terms, insolvency is an institution, whose purpose is to stop the accumulation of debts and most frequently it consists on the liquidation of the debtor's estate. The main purpose of the study is a critical review of the scientific achievements of the representatives of evolutionary economics within the scope and mechanism of bankruptcy and the survival of enterprises. The analyzed case of the Beta company, which went bankrupt, indicates that the companies which are not able to undertake proper adjustments to competitive conditions of the market at the right moment are eliminated from it. The theoretical law “the survival of the fittest” finds then its reflection in practice. The following research methods were used in the article: a descriptive analysis and the trajectories of J. Argenti in terms of models. Detailed examinations of files of insolvency proceedings of the Beta company have been carried out.

In this study, we investigated the academic literature on quantum technologies (QT) using bibliometric tools. We used a set of 49,823 articles obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database using a search query constructed through expert opinion. Analysis of this revealed that QT is deeply rooted in physics, and the majority of the articles are published in physics journals. Keyword analysis revealed that the literature could be clustered into three distinct sets, which are (i) quantum communication/cryptography, (ii) quantum computation, and (iii) physical realizations of quantum systems. We performed a burst analysis that showed the emergence and fading away of certain key concepts in the literature. This is followed by co-citation analysis on the “highly cited” articles provided by the WoS, using these we devised a set of core corpus of 34 publications. Comparing the most highly cited articles in this set with respect to the initial set we found that there is a clear difference in most cited subjects. Finally, we performed co-citation analyses on country and organization levels to find the central nodes in the literature. Overall, the analyses of the datasets allowed us to cluster the literature into three distinct sets, construct the core corpus of the academic literature in QT, and to identify the key players on country and organization levels, thus offering insight into the current state of the field. Search queries and access to figures are provided in the appendix.

A síndrome pós poliomielite afeta indivíduos com história de poliomielite cerca de 30 anos após o acometimento inicial. Trata-se de piora da fraqueza muscular, fadiga, atrofia, alterações do sono, intolerância ao frio, dor, ganho de peso, dentre outros sintomas. Existe uma piora funcional progressiva importante, correspondente à síndrome de déficit de energia do Rim, que se desenvolve a partir do quadro inicial de síndrome Wei. Não há tratamento específico descrito até o momento. Objetivo: analisar os efeitos da acupuntura para alívio da dor nesses pacientes. Método: estudo cruzado, randomizado, cego com 25 pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado de SPP, acompanhados no ambulatório de medicina tradicional chinesa, do Setor de Investigação de Doenças Neuromusculares da Unifesp. Utilização de 2 métodos: grupo 1 - pontos locais; e grupo 2 - pontos sistêmicos. Avaliação através da escala EVA-dor, questionário de McGill em 3 momentos (inicial - T1, cruzamento - T2, final - T3). Também foram comparados com exame de pulso e língua inicial e final. Resultados: (T2 omitido nesse resumo) houve melhora no critério clínico de dor (dor intensa para dor moderada), em EVA, considerando os valores para grupo local (T1= 6,2+/-2,1; T3 =4,1+/-2,5) e sistêmico (T1=6,3+/-2,7; T3=4,3+/-3,1). No questionário de McGill, na avaliação por segmento, houve melhora estatisticamente significativa em “afetivo” no grupo de pontos locais (T1= 5,3 +/-2,3; T3= 2,8 +/- 2,7). Houve modificação do padrão de pulso, que mostrou uma particularidade: diminuição ou aprofundamento (ou ausência da percepção do pulso) na posição mais proximal do pulso radial. A língua também mostrou modificação, com a normalização de vários itens do exame. Conclusão: a técnica local adotada parece ter um resultado melhor comparado à técnica sistêmica padronizada no tratamento para dor nos pacientes com síndrome pós poliomielite. Os parâmetros do pulso e da língua, mostrando normalização, podem ser um indício de restauração da homeostase, que talvez justifique a sensação de melhora vivenciada pelos pacientes.

In the light of recent events, the once widely accepted Marxist distinction between “scientific” and “utopian” socialism is fading rapidly. For it has become increasingly difficult to believe that any form of socialism is inherent in the workings of history, as the Marxists had claimed for their “scientific” variety. Today Marxism, in its own terms, turns out to be “utopian.” One can now more readily recognize the kinship of the many different socialisms as well as the significance of their link to the social ideals of the past. What had previously been a somewhat antiquarian literature on “precursors,” “forerunners,” and “schismatics” of socialism suddenly appears as especially pertinent and perhaps even central. Today, without difficulty, one turns away from the various contradistinctions developed in this scholarship and toward the interconnections implicit in it.1Surveying this literature, we can recognize three preeminent social ideals that went into the making of the various socialisms – the call for social justice, the aspiration toward a society of brotherly love, and the belief that one could rid society of poverty. It was the eighth-century prophets of the Hebrew Bible who advanced the audacious demand for justice in society. They urged an end to oppression, cruelty, abuse, and more generally that people be given what was rightfully theirs. This demand recurs in almost all the socialist programs. In the Marxist scheme, it takes the form of the theory of surplus value which describes capitalist profit as a surplus product stolen (“entwandt”) from the worker who creates it.

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica nacional e internacional relacionada aos instrumentos utilizados para avaliar padrão de sono em crianças com doenças crônicas. Método: revisão integrativa realizada em bases de dados (PubMed, Web of Science, CINHAL, LILACS, SciELO) que compreendeu o período de 2006-2016. Resultados: foram selecionados 16 artigos para compor a revisão e encontrados vários instrumentos confiáveis para avaliar o sono, porém nenhum adaptado para o Português do Brasil, com exceção da polissonografia e do actigraphy. Crianças com doenças crônicas apresentam distúrbios do sono que se correlacionavam com dor, fadiga, problemas de comportamento, falta de atividade física e obesidade. Conclusão: no Brasil, o uso de instrumentos específicos para avaliar o sono em crianças ainda é pouco explorado. A utilização desses instrumentos na prática clínica poderia auxiliar enfermeiros a traçarem estratégias para diminuir os distúrbios do sono na população infanto-juvenilnil.

The article presents the results of a pilot study of teen media practices. The study was conducted using focused interviews (with video recording) with 11 graders in three Siberian cities in March — April 2018. The survey project shows how the viewing is transformed as a sociocultural practice and why the YouTube videohosting fundamentally influences this process. The problem is connected with generational (digital) gap and non-fulfillment of the natural loss of the audience of television channels by young viewers. Not only university departments and academic centers, but also the research services of consulting companies and corporations are studying this media consumerism problem today, since the request for such research is formulated throughout the media industry. An analysis of the data from a focused interview shows that the media activity of school students is not fully comprehended by them: adolescents cannot yet appreciate time and control it. Television viewing has become largely ritual in nature and serves to strengthen emotional ties with the family. Without personal involvement in the media process, adolescents' interest in watching or reading is quickly fading. For teens, the privacy of their lives in social networks and the ability to comment on any web content is of great importance. The author assumes in a discussion key the possibilities of integrating social media and television, justifying the forecast for the development of this sector of the media market. Patterns of adolescent media activity will undoubtedly influence in the future the behavior of adults in the media environment. This research project was undertaken to respond to an industrial query: how management should change media platforms and content policies to captivate the younger generation and win their loyalty.

Socialism has collapsed. The ideology is in utter chaos in eastern Europe. The Soviet Union is in none too happy condition either. Sharp edges of the ideological conflict between the two global systems have been blunted. Disarray was a gradual process which culminated in the events of 1989 in East Europe. Many have argued that there is no room any more for socialist thrust as the system had failed to deliver the goods. The bipolarisation of the world appears to be gradually fading. Meanwhile the market forces demonstrated their world wide application. President Gorbachev's thought process embodied in the concepts like ‘glasnost’ and ‘perestroika’ unleased a revolutionary wave whose ripples reached far and wide. The declining Socialist surge had in turn led to increasing boost to the ideals like political pluralism. The pertinent point is whether the euphoria generated in the west by the sudden and unexpected turn of events in the eastern block of countries is really suggestive of the collapse of socialist thought and all that went with it. However, this writer believes that all is not over; what has happened is that only a particular variant of socialism has lost its luster. May be socialism in its extreme form has run amuck. It was the failure of its rapid ideological phase, its totalitarian and bureaucratic bungling. At initial stages of Socialism in Russia and China and Eastern Europe it was a triumphant march. It eliminated feudalism, created more equal society and a basic industrial structure next only to United States. But it encountered situations that Marx and Lenin did not forsee. Any ideology that moves away from its central moorings can be counter-productive.

Objetivou-se analisar o impacto na segurança do paciente diante da usabilidade de bombas de infusão pela equipe de enfermagem na terapia intensiva. Trata-se de uma revisão integrative da literatura nas bases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Latin American and Caribbean Center in Health Sciences Information, Web of Science Core Collection e Base de Dados em Enfermagem. Os descritores usados na estratégia de pesquisa foram: “Patient Safety”, “Equipment and Supplies Utilization”, “Critical Care” e “Nursing Care”. Foram selecionados 21 estudos. A partir da análise de conteúdo, emergiram três categorias: Usabilidade de bombas de infusão na Terapia Intensiva, Ocorrência de eventos adversos na utilização das bombas de infusão e O impacto da usabilidade de alarmes na segurança do paciente. Conclui-se que a destreza na usabilidade de alarmes demonstrou-se benéfica por corroborar com maior atenção da equipe e evitar a ocorrência da fadiga e dessensibilização destes alarmes.

A Esclerose Múltipla é uma doença neurodegenerativa incapacitante oriundas de danos ao Sistema Nervoso Central. Entre os sinais e sintomas destacam-se os comprometimentos motores, sensoriais e emocionais que interferem negativamente na qualidade de vida desses pacientes. A Imagética Motora é uma terapia usada através da simulação mental do ato motor capaz de promover alterações neurofisiológicas e melhorar o desempenho funcional. O objetivo desta revisão é verificar o efeito da imagética motora no desempenho funcional de pacientes com esclerose múltipla. Dessa forma, realizou-se uma busca nas bases e banco de dados Pubmed, PEDro, Scopus e Web of Science utilizando os descritores “motor imagery” AND “multiple sclerosis” AND “ functionality”. estipulando critérios de inclusão e de qualidades metodológicas. No total 5 artigos foram incluídos e compuseram a análise da revisão. Os resultados evidenciaram melhoras significativas na marcha, equilíbrio, qualidade da caminhada, fadiga e qualidade de vida desses pacientes. Conclui-se então que a imagética motora é uma intervenção eficaz na reabilitação funcional de pacientes acometidos pela Esclerose Múltipla.

Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática cujo objetivo foi analisar estudos originais que investigaram benefícios da atividade física em homens com câncer de próstata. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Biblioteca Virtual Scielo, e Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde. Para o levantamento dos artigos utilizou-se os descritores [motor activity] AND [prostate neoplasm] em inglês, espanhol e português. Foram incluídos 19 estudos publicados em inglês, entre 2004 e 2014. As investigações tiveram maior foco na atividade física com outras variáveis, relacionando-as positivamente com melhoria da qualidade de vida e diminuição da mortalidade e progressão da doença. Foram observados benefícios em variáveis como fadiga e função sexual, além da diminuição na circunferência abdominal e pressão arterial. Novos estudos são sugeridos a fim de investigar a prática de atividade física em diferentes intensidades com ensaios clínicos randomizados, permeando o diagnóstico, período de tratamento e recuperação do paciente.

Objetivo: apontar a qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes com câncer de estudos que aplicaram o PedsQL 3.0 Cancer Module e descrever o escore encontrado nesses estudos. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados Medline, LILACS, Scielo, Scopus, PsycINFO, Science Direct e Web of Science de estudos publicados entre 2015 e 2020. Resultados: Selecionou-se 18 artigos, onde observa-se que a Leucemia foi o tipo de câncer mais frequente em 78% dos estudos. A quimioterapia foi o tratamento recebido em 55% das pesquisas e em relação ao escore médio dos participantes, consta-se que os escores variaram entre 59,1 e 74,53. Conclusão: a média de escore variou entre 59,1 e 74,53. O tipo de câncer parece não ter influência significativa nos escores. A fadiga é o sintoma mais associado aos baixos escores de qualidade de vida. E pacientes tratados com quimioterapia tendem a apresentar menores escores de qualidade de vida.

Introdução: Os profissionais de saúde atendem todos os tipos de emergência e pacientes, como os acometidos pela COVID-19, enfrentando situações críticas e estressantes que podem favorecer o desenvolvimento de fadiga por compaixão (FC). Objetivo: Caracterizar a produção científica e sintetizar os aspectos mais relevantes sobre FC em profissionais da saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados BVS, MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science e Scopus. Para a estratégia de busca foram utilizados os descritores: “compassion fatigue”, “health personnel” e “coronavirus infections”. Considerou-se como critérios de inclusão os artigos originais, publicados de março de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021, disponíveis eletronicamente na íntegra, sem restrição de idioma e que avaliaram a FC em profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Resultados: Foram elegíveis 13 artigos e, da análise destes, emergiram duas categorias: presença de FC e fatores relacionados à FC. Conclusão: Profissionais de saúde apresentaram FC, com predominância em mulheres, médicos, enfermeiros e aqueles atuantes em unidades específicas de atendimento a pacientes com COVID-19. Entre os fatores relacionados à FC estavam questões de saúde mental, éticas, ocupacionais e sociodemográficas. Os achados indicam a necessidade de avaliação, monitoramento e tratamento dessa condição nos profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia.

Objetivo: Avaliar através de uma revisão a influência da terapia de Reiki na qualidade de vida de pacientes diagnosticados com câncer. Métodos: Este estudo seguiu os padrões estabelecidos pelos principais itens para relatar Revisões sistemáticas e Meta-análises (PRISMA), utilizando as bases de dados PubMed, EBSCO e Web of Science. Resultados: Foram identificados 175 artigos, sendo destes 21 artigos selecionados para incluir a revisão. Dos artigos utilizados, 5 apresentaram alto nível (II) de evidencia, caracterizados por ensaios randomizados e controlados; 5 artigos apresentaram nível IV, caso-controle; 3 estudos com o nível III (ensaio randomizado); e outros 3 artigos sem nível classificação de evidência. Os estudos evidenciaram melhoras em variáveis como: vigor, fadiga dor, humor e náuseas. As melhoras desses parâmetros foram corroboradas pelas análises do tamanho do efeito. Algumas limitações do estudo consistiram em grande variabilidade dos tipos de cancer, tamanho amostral pequeno, delineamento dos estudos e o uso do termo técnico empregado para terapia que difilcultam as comparações entre os estudos. Considerações finais: A aplicação do Reiki torna-se uma ferramenta alternativa importante coadjuvante para melhora da qualidade de vida em pacientes com câncer, apesar da limitada quantidade de artigos com alta qualidade metodológica.

RESUMO O objetivo da pesquisa foi realizar uma revisão da literatura referente aos tipos de dose vocal e aos resultados destas medidas em diferentes situações comunicativas. Houve levantamento da literatura nacional e internacional, publicada nos idiomas Inglês, Espanhol ou Português, utilizando-se as bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, IBECS e ISI (Web of Science), dos últimos 21 anos, cujos artigos estavam disponíveis na íntegra. Quinze estudos contemplaram os critérios propostos. A maioria dos artigos estudou professores, visto que são mais vulneráveis para a ocorrência de disfonia. Os tipos de dose encontrados foram porcentagem de fonação, dose temporal, dose cíclica, dose de distância, dose de energia radiada e dose de energia dissipada. O aumento da dose vocal está associado ao uso excessivo e prolongado da voz na atividade docente, principalmente entre os professores da educação infantil e os de canto. As altas doses vocais correlacionam-se também à presença de disfonia, ao maior nível de ruído ambiental, à grande variação prosódica na fala e à autopercepção de fadiga vocal. Pacientes com disfonia comportamental (nódulos e pólipos) apresentam maiores doses vocais que pacientes com outros quadros disfônicos. Fatores como repouso de voz e uso do amplificador vocal indicam a diminuição da dose da voz.

O trabalho do fonoaudiólogo utiliza-se de exercícios vocais como o som basal (SB), que se origina da grande atividade contrátil do músculo laríngeo intrínseco tiroaritenoideo (TA). O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura relacionada ao TA e ao SB. Realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico dos últimos 20 anos sobre o assunto nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science e Google Scholar. Verificou-se que o feixe interno do TA apresenta fibras de contração lenta, isotônicas, resistentes à fadiga; o feixe externo apresenta fibras de contração rápida, fatigáveis, isométricas. O SB caracteriza-se pela percepção dos pulsos de vibração glótica durante a emissão nas frequências mais graves da tessitura vocal (crepitação em graves ou vocal fry), principalmente pela ação do TA, especialmente sua porção interna, que se encurta de forma evidente, soltando a mucosa em grande volume ao longo da borda livre, aumentando a pressão subglótica e os níveis de jitter, shimmer e ruído, e reduzindo o fluxo aéreo. Com base na literatura, a exercitação isométrica do TA externo ocorreria com o SB sustentado na frequência mais grave possível ao sujeito (contração máxima), durante seis segundos, de cinco a dez vezes diárias, compatível com o predomínio de fibras de contração rápida. Na exercitação isotônica do TA interno, utilizar-se-iam sons agudos para estirá-lo, alternando emissões em SB (contração concêntrica) e em registro modal de cabeça ou em falsete (sons hiperagudos) (contração excêntrica), com várias séries diárias de oito a 12 repetições, compatível com o predomínio de fibras de contração lenta.

The religious traditions of the Mari people viewed through the camera lens: Field work conducted by Tiia Peedumäe in the Mari El Republic in 1991–1992 The Estonian National Museum began acquiring photographic materials back in the early 20th century when pioneering Estonian photographer Johannes Pääsuke travelled around Estonia with a homemade camera documenting the way people lived. In the 1960s, ethnographic films became one of the main areas of the museum’s activity and the geography of fieldwork also expanded significantly. Efforts were made to commit to film the traditional culture of Estonians and other Finno-Ugric peoples. In the 1990s, modernity shifted into the focus, supplanting the older and fading culture. Technological advances, and above all the introduction of the video camera significantly changed the methodology used to acquire material. The new cameras were lighter and more mobile, with a larger recording capacity and this allowed much more material to be documented. The article analyses filming during field work aimed at investigating and documenting religious rituals – in particular, footage produced by Tiia Peedumäe and her collaborator, the camera operator Jaan Treial, in 1991 and 1992. The fieldwork diaries and video footage are used to trace how the researchers adapted to the community they were studying, and looks at the role of intermediaries in this process. Tiia Peedumäe’s expeditions coincided with a time of great changes in ethnography and ethnology. Peedumäe represents a generation of researchers who learned how to conduct fieldwork in the spirit of Soviet-era ethnography and later expanded their methodology as the research focus changed. During the autumn 1991 expedition, Peedumäe and Treial recorded the Maris’ first nationwide sacrificial feast in the village of Olori (Paranga Raion). They returned to the same village in June 1992, this time to study the spring sacrificial feast Aga-Pairem and a feast of remembrance of the dead, Semyk. The improved recording made some aspects easier for ethnologists although the work still required the ability to interact with the community. It is particularly important that there is trust between the people perpetuating a tradition and the cultural researchers. On the first occasion that Peedumäe and her colleagues went to record a worship ceremony with a video camera, they had difficulties getting consent from the villagers. The previous understanding reached with Mari activists living in Yoshkar-Ola – who were prepared to assist in the filming – was seen as inadequate in the sacrificial grove. Everything depended on the village elders who led the prayer service. Thanks to Peedumäe explaining how important scientific study was and the authority of the leaders of the Maris’ religious reawakening movement, ultimately permission was obtained for photographing and filming, although the researchers still were not given access to some phases of the ritual. A second expedition to the same village allowed the researchers to become more deeply immersed in the local culture. A few locals served as intermediaries between researchers and the community on that occasion. Thanks to the acquaintances already forged, more trust was evinced toward the ethnologists. Observation and recording of the rites of spring went off without a hitch. The ethnologists did not witness the preparation and course of the ritual of remembrance of family ancestors as mere observers – the family involved them in the ritual as if they were distant relatives or house guests. The video materials recorded on Peedumäe’s expeditions are one of the most complete documents of the revival of Mari religious traditions. Along with the fieldwork diary, they are valuable sources for studying the methodology of fieldwork and in particular, ritual filming practices. When the participant observation method is used, intermediaries between ethnologists and the community play a key role in the process of adaptation to the community being studied. The examples of collection of visual materials examined in the article demonstrate the importance of long-running and repeated fieldwork. Such fieldwork makes it possible to develop more trusting relations with cultural subjects and thereby access more private cultural strata.

SAMENVATTING Taaiplanning als bezinning over taal en maatschappij: de taalkundige ideologie van een geleerde traditie Taalplanning is een traditie die vooral in de jaren 1960 en 1970 bijzonder productief was en in zich een groot optimisme ontwikkelde. De traditie viel wat stil in de jaren 1980, maar kent nu weer een heropbloei, o.m. omwille van de ontwikkelingen in Zuid-Afrika. In deze bijdrage wil ik een evaluatie van de voorbije traditie aansnijden, in het perspectief van de optimalisatie van het theoretisch, conceptueel en methodologisch kader van taalplanning-studies. Ik schets eerst kort de historische ontwikkeling van taalplanning, en ga vervolgens in op enkele ideologische aspecten die in veel traditioneel werk terug te vinden zijn. Ik bespreek achtereenvolgens de courante boutade dat taalplanning geen theoretische achtergrond zou hebben; de intuïtieve beperkingen die taaiplanners zich in hun studies leken op te leggen; de organische visies op taal en maatschappij ; het oligolingualisme en de assumpties van efficiëntie en integratie. Vervolgens vat ik de kritieken van Glyn Williams en Andrew Apter samen. Zij bepleiten een sterkere politieke invalshoek, die taal naast een reeks andere maatschappelijke kenmerken plaatst. Ik sluit af met een pleidooi voor een combinatie van een historiografische en een etnografische benadering in het bestuderen van language planning. RESUMO Lingvoplanado kiel debato pri lingvo kaj socio: la lingvistika ideologio de sciencista tradicio Lingvoplanado estas tradicio kiu estis tre fekunda cefe en la 1960-aj kaj 1970-aj jaroj kaj kovis en si grandan optimismon. Gi iom fadis en la 1980-aj jaroj, sed nun denove floras, i.a. pro la evoluoj en Suda Afriko. Mi ci tie ekanalizas la tradicion de la pasinteco cele al plibonigo de la teoria, koncepta kaj metodologia kadro de studoj pri lingvoplanado. Mi koncize skizas la historian evoluon de lingvoplanado, kaj poste tusas aron da ideologiaj aspektoj kiujn oni renkontas en multaj el la tradiciaj laboraĵoj. Mi diskutas la aserton ke lingvoplanado ne havus teorian fonon, la intuiciajn limigojn kiujn lingvoplanantoj sajnis starigi al siaj propraj studoj, la organajn konceptojn de lingvo kaj socio, plurlingvismon, kaj la premisojn de efikeco kaj integrado. Mi resumas la kritikojn de Glyn Williams kaj Andrew Apter, kiuj pledas por pli politika aliro en kiu lingvo estas unu el aro da sociaj faktoroj. Fine mi pledas por tio ke en la studado de lingvoplanado oni uzu kombinon el historiografia kaj etnografia aliroj.

Introduction Such symptoms as hard, complex, bodily or mental feelings, that turn our everyday life into a hell, at first, lead us to a doctor, and then - to a psychotherapist. A sick man is keen to get rid of a symptom. A doctor prescribes medication, that is ought to eliminate a symptom. A psychotherapist searches for a reason of the problem that needs to be removed. There is such an idea that a neurotic symptom, in particular, an anxiety - is a pathological (spare or extra) response of a body. It is generally believed that such anxiety doesn’t have some real, objective reasons and that it is the result of a nervous system disorder, or some disruption of a cognitive sphere etc. Meanwhile, it is known that in the majority of cases, medical examinations of anxious people show that they don’t have any organic damages, including nervous system. It often happens that patients even wish doctors have found at least any pathology and have begun its treatment. And yet - there is no pathology. All examinations indicate a high level of functionality of a body and great performance of the brain's work. Doctors throw their hands up, as they can't cure healthy people. One of my clients told me her story of such medical examinations (which I’ll tell you with her permission). She said that it was more than 10 years ago. So, when she told her doctor all of her symptoms - he seemed very interested in it. He placed a helmet with electrodes on her head and wore some special glasses, when, according to her words, he created some kind of stressful situation for her brain, as she was seeing some flashings of bright pictures in her eyes. She said that he had been bothered with her for quite a long time, and at the end of it he had told her that her brain had been performing the best results in all respects. He noted that he’d rarely got patients with such great health indicators. My client asked the doctor how rare that was. And he answered: “one client in two or three months.” At that moment my client didn’t know whether to be relieved, flattered or sad. But since then, when someone told her that anxiety was a certain sign of mental problems, or problems with the nervous system, or with a body in general, she answered that people who had anxiety usually had already got all the required medical examinations sufficiently, and gave them the advice to go through medical screening by themselves before saying something like that. Therefore, we see a paradoxical situation, when some experts point to a neurotic anxiety as if it is a kind of pathology, in other words - some result of a nervous system disorder. Other specialists in the same situation talk about cognitive impairments. And some, after all the examinations, are ready to send such patients into space Main text I don’t agree with the statement that any neurotic anxiety that happens is excessive and unfounded. It often happens that there is objective, specific and real causes for appearance of anxiety conditions. And these causes require solutions. And it’s not about some organic damages of the brain or nervous system. The precondition that may give a rise to anxiety disorder is the development of such a life story that at some stage becomes too toxic - when, on the one hand, a person interacts with the outside world in a way that destroys his or her personality, and, on the other hand, this person uses repression and accepts such situation as common and normal. Repression - is an essential condition for the development of a neurotic symptom. Sigmund Freud was the first who pointed this out. Repression is such a defense mechanism that helps people separate themselves from some unpleasant feelings of discomfort (pain) while having (external or internal) irritations. It is the situation when, despite the presence of irritations and painful feelings, a person, however, doesn't feel any of it and is not aware of them in his or her conscious mind. Repression creates the situation of so-called emotional anesthesia. As a result, a displacement takes place, so a body starts to signal about the existing toxic life situation via a symptom. Anxiety disorder is usually an appropriate response (symptom) of a healthy body to an unhealthy life situation, which is seen by a person as normal. And it’s common when such a person is surrounded by others (close people), who tend to benefit from such situation, and so they actively maintain this state of affairs, whether it is conscious for them or not. At the beginning of a psychotherapy almost all clients insist that everything is good in their lives, even great, as it is like in everyone else’s life. They say that they have only one problem, which is that goddamn symptom. So they focus all of their attention on that symptom. They are not interested in all the other aspects of their life, and they show their irritation when it comes to talking about it. People want to get rid of it, whatever it takes, but they often tend to keep their lives the way that it was. In such cases a psychotherapist is dealing with the resistance of clients, trying to turn their attention from a symptom to their everyday situation that includes their way of thinking, interactions with themselves and with others and with the external world in order to have the opportunity to see the real problem, to live it through, to rethink and to change the story of their lives. For better understanding about how it works I want to tell you three allegorical tales. The name of the first tale is “A frog in boiling water”. There is one scientific anecdote and an assumption (however, it is noted that such experiments were held in 19 century), that if we put a frog in a pot with warm water and start to slowly heat the water, then this frog get used to the temperature rise and stays in a hot water, the frog doesn’t fight the situation, slowly begins to lose its energy and at the last moment it couldn’t find enough strength and energy to get out of that pot. But if we throw a frog abruptly in hot water - it jumps out very quickly. It is likely that a frog, that is seating in boiling water, will have some responses of the body (symptoms). For example, the temperature of its body will rise, the same as the color of it, etc., that is an absolutely normal body response to the existing situation. But let us keep fantasizing further. Imagine a cartoon where such a frog is the magical cartoon hero, that comes to some magical cartoon doctor, shows its skin, that has changed the color, to the doctor, and asks to change the situation by removing this unpleasant symptom. So the doctor prescribes some medication to return the natural green color of the frog’s skin back. The frog gets back in its hot water. For some period of time this medication helps. But then, after a while, the frog’s body gets over the situation, and the redness of the frog's skin gets back. And the magical cartoon doctor states that the resistance of the body to this medication has increased, and each time prescribes some more and more strong drugs. In this example with the frog it is perfectly clear that the true solution of the problem requires the reduction of the water temperature in that pot. We could propose that magical cartoon frog to think and try to realize that: 1) the water in that pot is hot, and that is the reason why the skin is red; 2) the frog got used to this situation and that is why it is so unnoticeably for this frog; 3) if the temperature of the water in the pot still stay so hot, without any temperature drop, then all the medication works only temporarily; 4) if we lower the temperature in that pot - the redness disappears on its own, automatically and without any medication. Also this cartoon frog, that will go after the doctor to some cartoon physiotherapist, will face the necessity to give itself some answers for such questions as: 1) What is going on? Who has put this frog in that pot? Who is raising the temperature progressively? Who needs it? And what is the purpose or benefit for this person in that? Who benefits? 2) Why did the frog get into the pot? What are the benefits in it for the frog? Or why did the frog agree to that? 3) What does the frog lose when it gets out of this pot? What are the consequences of it for the frog? What does the frog have to face? What are the possible difficulties on the way? Who would be against the changes? With whom the frog may confront? 4) Is the frog ready to take control over its own pot in its own hands and start to regulate the temperature of the water by itself, so to make this temperature comfortable for itself? Is this frog ready to influence by itself on its own living space, to take the responsibility for it to itself? The example “A frog in boiling water” is often used as a metaphorical portrayal of the inability of people to respond (or fight back) to significant changes that slowly happen in their lives. Also this tale shows that a body, while trying to adjust to unfavorable living conditions, will react with a symptom. And it is very important to understand this symptom. Symptom - is the response of a body, it’s a way a body adjusts to some unfriendly environment. Symptom, on the one hand, informs about the existence of a problem, and from the other hand - tries to regulate this problem, at least in some way (like, to remove or reduce), at the level on which it can do it. The process is similar to those when, for example, in a body, while it suffers from some infectious disease, the temperature rises. Thus, on the one hand, the temperature informs about the existence of some infection. On the other hand, the temperature increase creates in a body the situation that is damaging for the infection. So, it would be good to think about in what way does an anxiety symptom help a body that is surrounded by some toxic life situation. And this is a good topic for another article. Here I want to emphasize that all the attempts to remove a symptom without a removal of a problem, without changing the everyday life story, may lead to strengthening of the symptom in the body. Even though the removal of a symptom without elimination of its cause has shown success, it only means that the situation was changed into the condition of asymptomatic existence of a problem. And it is, in its essence, a worse situation. For example, it can cause an occurrence of cancer. The tale “A frog in boiling water” is about the tendency of people to treat a symptom, instead of seeing their real problems, as its cause, and trying to solve it. People don’t want to see their problems, but it doesn’t mean that the problem doesn’t exist. The problem does exist and it continues to destroy a person, unnoticeably for him or her. A person with panic disorder could show us anxiety that is out of control (fear, panic), which, by its essence, seems to exist without any logical reason. Meanwhile the body of such a person could be in such processes that are similar to those that occur in the conditions of some real dangers, when the instinct for self-preservation is triggered and an automatic response of a body to fight or flight implements for its full potential. We can see or feel signs of this response, for example, in cases when some person tries to avoid some real or imaginary danger via attempts to escape (the feeling of fear), or tries to handle the situation by some attempts to fight (the feeling of anger). As I mentioned before, many doctors believe that such fear is pathological, as there is no real reason for such intense anxiety. They may see the cause of the problem in worrisome temper, so they try to remove specifically anxiety rather than help such patients to understand specific reason of their anxiety, they use special psychotherapeutic methods that are designed to help clients to develop logical thinking, so it must help them to realize the groundlessness of their anxiety. In my point of view, such anxiety often has specific, real reasons, when this response of a body, fight or flight, is absolutely appropriate, but not excessive or pathological. Inadequacy, in fact, is in the unconsciousness, but not in the reactions of a body. For a better understanding of the role of anxiety in some toxic environment, that isn’t realized, I want to tell you another allegorical tale called “The wolf and the hare”. Let us imagine that two cages were brought together in one room. The wolf was inside one cage and the hare was in another. The cages were divided by some kind of curtain that makes it impossible for them to see each other. At this point a question arises whether the animals react to each other in some way in such a situation, or not? I think that yes, they will. Since there are a lot of other receptors that participate in the receiving and processing of the sensory information. As well as sight and hearing, we have of course a range of other senses. For example, animals have a strong sense of smell. It is well known that people, along with verbal methods of communicating information, like language and speaking, also have other means of transmitting information - non-verbal, such as tone of voice, intonation, look, gestures, body language, facial expressions etc., that gives us the opportunity to receive additional information from each other. The lie detector works by using this principle: due to detecting non-verbal signals, it distinguishes the level of the accuracy of information that is transmitted. It is assumed, that about 30% of information, that we receive from the environment, comes through words, vision, hearing, touches etc. This is the information that we are aware of in our consciousness, so we could consciously (logically) use it to be guided by. And approximately 70% of everyday information about the reality around us we receive non-verbally, and this information in the majority of cases could remain in us without any recognition. It is the situation when we’ve already known something, and we even have already started to respond to it via our body, but we still don’t know logically and consciously that we know it. We can observe the responses of our own body without understanding what are the reasons for such responses. We can recognize this unconscious information through certain pictures, associations, dreams, or with the help of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is a great tool that can help to recognize the information from the unconscious mind, so that it can be logically processed further on, in other words, a person then receives the opportunity to indicate the real problems and to make right decisions. But let us return to the tale where the hare and the wolf stay in one room and don’t see each other, and, maybe, don’t hear, though - feel. These feelings (in other words - non-verbal information that the hare receives) activate a certain response in the hare’s body. And it reacts properly and adequately to the situation, for instance, the body starts to produce adrenaline and runs the response “fight or flight”. So the hare starts to behave accordingly and we could see the following symptoms: the hare is running around his cage, fussing, having some tremor and an increased heart rate, etc.. And now let us imagine this tale in some cartoon. The hare stays in its house, and the wolf wanders about this house. But the hare doesn’t see the wolf. Though the body of the hare gives some appropriate responses. And then that cartoon hare goes to a cartoon doctor and asks that doctor to give it some pill from its tremor and the increased heart rate. And in general asks to treat in some way this incomprehensible, confusing, totally unreasonable severe anxiety. If we try to replace the situation from this fairy-tale to a life story, we could see that it fits well to the script of interdependent relationships, where there are a couple “a victim and an aggressor”, and where such common for our traditional families’ occurrences as a domestic family violence, psychological and physical abuse take place. Only in 2019 a law was passed that follows the European norms and gives a legislative definition of such concepts as psychological domestic abuse, sexual abuse, physical abuse, bullying, that criminalizes all of these occurrences, establishes the punishment and directly points to people that could be a potential abuser. Among them are: a husband towards his wife, parents towards their children, a wife towards her husband, a superior towards a subordinate, a teacher towards his or her students, children towards each other etc.. When it comes to recognition of something as unacceptable, it seems more easy to put to that category such occurrences as physical and sexual abuse, as we could see here some obvious events. For example, beating or sexual harassment. Our society is ready to respond to these incidents in more or less adequate way, and to recognize them as a crime. But it is harder to deal with the recognition of psychological abuse as an offence. Psychological abuse in our families is common. Psychological abuse occurs through such situations, when one person, while using different psychological manipulations, such as violation of psychological borders, imposition of feeling of guilty or shame, etc., force another person to give up his or her needs and desires, and so in such a way make this person live another’s life. Such actions have an extremely negative effect on the mental health of these people, just as much as physical abuse. It can destroy a person from the inside, ruin self-esteem and a feeling of self-worth, create the situation of absolute dependence such victim from an abuser, including financial dependence etc.. It often happens that psychological abuse takes place against the backdrop of demonstrations of care and love. So you've got this story about the wolf and the hare, that are right next to each other, and the shield between two of them is a repression - a psychological defense mechanism, when a person turns a blind eye to such offences, that take place in his or her own life and towards him or her. And this person considers this as normal, doesn't realize, doesn't have a resource to realize, that it is a crime. Most importantly - doesn’t feel anything, as a repression takes place. But a body responds in a right way - from a certain point of the existence of such a toxic situation the response “fight or flight” is launched in a body at full, in other words - the fear and anxiety with the associated symptoms. The third allegorical tale I called “Defective suit”, which I read in the book of Clarissa Pinkola Estés with the name “Running With the Wolves". “Once one man came to a tailor and started to try on a suit. When he was standing in front of a mirror, he saw that the costume had uneven edges. - Don’t worry, - said the tailor. - If you hold the short edge of the suit by your left hand - nobody notices it. But then the man saw that a lapel of a jacket folded up a little bit. - It's nothing. You only need to turn your head and to nail it by your chin. The customer obeyed, but when he put on trousers, he saw that they were pulling. - All right, so just hold your trousers like this by your right hand - and everything will be fine, - the tailor comforts him. The client agreed with him and took the suit. The next day he put on his new suit and went for a walk, while doing everything exactly in the way that the tailor told him to. He waddled in a park, while holding the lapel by his chin, and holding the short edge of the suit by his left hand, and holding his trousers by his right hand. Two old men, who were playing checkers, left the game and started to watch him. - Oh, God! - said one of them. - Look at that poor cripple. - Oh, yes - the limp - is a disaster. But I'm wondering, where did he get such a nice suit?” Clarissa wrote: “The commentary of the second old man reflects the common response of the society to a woman, who built a great reputation for herself, but turned into a cripple, while trying to save it. “Yes, she is a cripple, but look how great her life is and how lovely she looks.” When the “skin” that we put on ourselves towards society is small, we become cripples, but try to hide it. While fading away, we try to waddle perky, so everyone could see that we are doing really well, everything is great, everything is fine”. As for me, this tale is also about the process of forming a symptom in a situation when one person tries very hard to match to another one, whether it is a husband, a wife or parents. It’s about a situation when such a person always tries to support the other one, while giving up his or her own needs and causing oneself harm in such a way by feeling a tension every day, that becomes an inner normality. And so this person doesn’t give oneself a possibility to relax, to be herself (or himself), to be spontaneous, free. As a result, in this situation the person, who was supported, looks perfect from the outside, but those who tried to match, arises some visible defect, like a limp - a symptom. And so this person lives like a cripple, under everyday stress and tension, trying to handle it, while sacrificing herself (or himself) and trying to maintain this situation, so not to lose the general picture of a beautiful family and to avoid shame. The tailor, who made this defective suit and tells how to wear the suit properly, in order to keep things going as they are going, often is a mother who raised a problematic child and then tells another person how to deal with her child in the right way. It is the situation when a mother-in-law tells her daughter-in-law how to treat her son properly. In other words, how to support him, when to keep silent, to handle, how to fit in, so that her problematic son and this relationship in general looks perfect. Or vice versa, when a mother-in-law tells her son-in-law how to support her problematic daughter, how to fit in etc.. When, for example, a woman acts like this in her marriage and with her husband, with these excessive efforts to fit in - then after a while everybody will talk like: “Look at this lovely man: he lives with his sick wife, and their family seems perfect!”. But when such a woman becomes brave enough to relax and to just let the whole thing go, everybody will see that the relationship in her marriage isn’t perfect, and it is the other one who has problems. Each time when someone tries excessively to match up to another one, while turning oneself in some kind of a cripple, - he or she, on the one hand, supports the comfort of that person, to whom he or she tries to match up, and on the other hand - such a situation always arises in that person such conditions as a continuous tension, anxiety, fear to act spontaneously. A symptom - is like a visible defect, that shows itself through the body (and may look like some kind of injury). It is the result of a hidden inner prison. As a result of evolution, a pain tells us about a problem that is needed to be solved. When we repress our pain we can’t see our needs and our problems at full. And then a body starts to talk to us via a symptom. Psychotherapy aims for providing a movement from a symptom to a resumption of sensitivity to feelings, a resumption of the ability to feel your psychological pain, so you can realize your own toxic story. In this perspective another fairy-tale looks interesting to analyze - it is Andersen's fairytale “Princess and the Pea”. In the tale a prince wanted to find a princess to marry. There was one requirement for women candidates, so the prince could select her among commoner - high level of sensitivity, as the real princess would feel a pea through the mountain of mattresses, and so she could have the ability to feel discomfort, to be in a good contact with her body, to tell about her discomfort without such feeling as shame and guilt, and to refuse that discomfort, so to have the readiness to solve her problems and to demand from others the respect for her needs. It is common for our culture that the expression “a princess on a pea” very often uses for a negative meaning. So people who are in good contact with their body and who can demand comfort for themselves are often called capricious. At the same time the heroes who are ready to suffer and to tolerate their pain, who are able to repress (stop to feel) their pain represents a good example to be followed in our society. So, we may see the next algorithm in cases of various anxiety disorders: the existence of some toxic situation that brings some danger to a person. And we need not to be confused: a danger exists not for a body, but for a personality. A toxic live situation as well as having a panic attack is not a threat for the health of a body (that is what medical examinations show), and vice versa - it’s like every day intensive sport training, that could be good for your health only to some degree. A toxic situation destroys a person as a personality, who longs for one self’s expression; the existence of such a defense mechanism as repression - it’s a life with closed eyes, in pink glasses, when there is inability (or the absence of the desire) to see its own toxic story; 3.the presence of a symptom - a healthy response of a body “fight or flight” to some toxic situation; displacement - it’s replacement of the attention from the situation to a symptom, when a person starts to see and search for the problem in some other place, not where it really is. A symptom takes as some spare, pathological reaction that we need to get rid of. The readiness to fight the symptom arises, and that is the goal of such methods of therapy as pharmacological therapy, CBT and many others; the absence of adequate actions that are directed towards the change of a toxic situation itself. The absence of the readiness to show aggression when it comes to protect its space. All of it is a mechanism of formation of primary anxiety and preparation for launch of secondary anxiety. A complete anxiety disorder is the interaction between a primary and a secondary anxiety.

Introduction: The subject anatomy is an essential subject in medical college for students and museum with attractive, an innovative colored specimen with well-labeled specimen aids a pivotal role in the teaching and learning process. Once the specimen has been selected for coloring, undergoes fixation, acrylic paint coloring, plastic bottle mounting and proper labeling for better visualization of the structure. Method: We have utilized a simple acrylic color method for painting the gross specimen available for the teaching and learning process from well-embalmed cadavers. The materials required are acrylic color paint, brush, clear nail polish, glycerin, clear plastic bottle, 10% formaldehyde and can be performed at room temperature. Result: The acrylic coloring technique of wet specimen makes specimen attractive which is cost-effective, non-toxic, creates great interest and aids long term memory to the student. Conclusion: The acrylic painted wet gross specimen with clear plastic bottle mounting remains stable in 10% formalin without color fading and makes students a better understanding of the subject.