Relevant bibliographies by topics / Westland

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Westland'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Westland"

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Zeldis, John R., Rob C. Murdoch, Patrick L. Cordue, and Mike J. Page. "Distribution of hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae) eggs, larvae, and adults off Westland, New Zealand, and the design of an egg production survey to estimate hoki biomass." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 1682–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f98-048.

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The winter spawning aggregations of hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae) off the Westland coast, South Island, support New Zealand s largest trawl fishery. The distribution and abundance of hoki eggs, larvae, and adults from ichthyoplankton and acoustic surveys made during the period 1978-1993 were used to describe the location and timing of hoki spawning off Westland. Hoki spawned primarily in south Westland, around Hokitika Canyon, and south along the outer shelf and slope to Cook Canyon, although spawning biomass appeared to increase in north Westland later in the season. Older stage hoki larvae occurred shoreward of eggs and newly hatched larvae, suggesting onshore advection. The data were used to designate spatial and temporal egg sampling strata that significantly increased egg abundance estimate precision. The egg data were used to estimate annual egg production and, combined with data on fecundity and recruited proportion spawning, to estimate virgin biomass. The historical biomass estimate (1.48 million tonnes, CV = 29.4%) was probably biased down because the plankton tows were too shallow. It appears that a future egg production survey, using appropriate plankton sampling depths, could provide a biomass estimate of Westland spawning hoki sufficiently accurate and precise for management purposes.
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Case, Richard. "Why Westland apache." RUSI Journal 140, no. 3 (June 1995): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071849508445919.

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Hajer, Maarten. "Ode aan het Westland." AGORA Magazine 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/agora.v27i4.2185.

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Dickerson, John W. T. "Muriel A. K. Westland." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 56, no. 1A (March 1997): xv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns19970004.

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McGowan, John. "Flying high—the Westland group." RUSI Journal 137, no. 2 (April 1992): 26–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071849208445582.

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Smith, N. "Classic projects: Westland Wallace Biplane." Engineering & Technology 8, no. 6 (July 1, 2013): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2013.0637.

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King, Stephen. "Behavioural analysis in Westland subsidiary." Management Development Review 9, no. 2 (April 1996): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09622519610111772.

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Drewry, Gavin. "The Defence Committee on Westland." Political Quarterly 58, no. 1 (January 1987): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923x.1987.tb02577.x.

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Kumar, Deepak. "Book review: Rakesh Batabyal, The Modern School (1920–2020): A Century of Schooling in India." Studies in People's History 8, no. 2 (November 16, 2021): 264–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23484489211040967.

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Marwah, Reena. "Book review: Bertil Lintner, The Costliest Pearl: China’s Struggle for India’s Ocean." China Report 56, no. 4 (November 2020): 501–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445520930401.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Westland"

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Radford, Josh. "Shelf-to-canyon sedimentation on the South Westland Continental Margin, Westland, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6991.

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The South Westland Continental Margin (SWCM) is incised by two major active canyon channels, the Hokitika and Cook canyons, which export large volumes of terrigenous sediment from the active New Zealand landmass to the deep ocean basins. This thesis examines modern sediment textures and compositions of shelf and canyon heads, to interpret depositional and transport processes in shelf-canyon interactions and the dispersal and provenance of SWCM surface sediments. This is the first detailed study of modern sediments south of the Whataroa River which focuses on both shelf and canyon head sediments. Submarine canyons that incise active continental shelves are major conduits for sediment transfer. The frequency and magnitude of this transfer has important implications for ocean nutrient cycling (i.e. organic carbon), the stratigraphy and morphology of continental shelves, and the development of economic mineral deposits. Grain size analysis, petrology, geochemistry, detrital magnetite analysis (microprobe), swath bathymetry, and wave hindcast data are used to interpret the spatial distribution, dispersal, and provenance of surface grab samples, canyon cores, and beach and river samples on the SWCM. Four main surficial facies are defined from textural and compositional results, primarily reflecting the supply and storm dominated nature of the SWCM. Facies 1 is comprised of inner shelf very fine to medium sand sized quartz, metamorphic lithics, and feldspar. This facies occurs above the mean Hsig wave base (48 m) where silts, clays, and sand sized micas are bypassed further offshore. Facies 2 is a transitional sand to mud facies between 40 -70 m depth where increasing clay, silt, and mica reflect a decrease in the frequency and magnitude of wave orbital remobilisation. Facies 3 is a mud dominated (80-90%), clay rich (7-9%) facies with the highest mica and Al₂O₃ content of all the SWCM facies. The shelves south of the Hokitika canyon are blanketed beyond the inner shelf in facies 3 towards the shelf break. Facies 4 is restricted to the canyon head north rims and is characterised by mixed relict and modern terrigenous sediments and glaucony. Net transport on the SWCM shelf is to the north, particularly during south-westerly storms where wind drift and storm swells may stir and transport the deeper Facies 2 and 3 sediments. The SWCM has an energetic wave climate and numerous high yield mountainous rivers. As a result the shelf has an extensive coverage of silts and clays with sediment transport most likely dominated by nepheloid layers and fluid mud flows during wet storms. North of the Hokitika canyon, shelf width increases as fluvial supply falls, resulting in a more storm dominated shelf as the prevailing hydraulic conditions prevent modern silts and clays from blanketing the outer shelf. Narrower shelf widths and higher fluvial supply between the Hokitika canyon and the Haast region results in more fluvial dominated shelves. Contrasting canyon rim textures and compositions reflect the major influence the Hokitika and Cook canyon heads impose on the SWCM by intercepting modern net northward shelf transport paths. This interception creates a leeward sediment deficit on the canyon north rims where low sedimentation rates prevail and relict sediments are partially exposed. The south and east rims of both canyons are characterised by modern fine grained terrigenous textures and compositions similar to the SWCM middle to outer shelf facies 3. The build-up and storage of these unconsolidated sediments at the south and east rims provides favourable environments for sediment gravity flows that feed into the canyon systems. Wave orbitals can resuspend fine sands up to 50 m below the canyon rims during large storms. This resuspension will be a main driver of canyon head sedimentation in the form of fluid mud flows. Gully networks along the south and east rims of the Hokitika and Cook canyons indicate active submarine erosion, unconfined fluid flow, and sediment gravity flows operate here. ii In contrast, the north canyon rims are characterised by gravels and coarse sands out of equilibrium with the prevailing modern hydraulic regime. Relict gravels are particularly prevalent on the Hokitika canyon north rim between 90 – 150 m depth. A lack of active gully networks and the presence of relict terraces and cuspate channels provide further evidence for a relict origin of HCH north rim sediments and little influx of modern fine sediments. North rim sediments on the Hokitika canyon between 90 – 125 m have features characteristic of relict beach and littoral environments. These features include pebble and coarse sand sized siliciclastics, high heavy mineral percentages (i.e. garnet), high Zr and Y levels, elevated SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios, and relict shell fragments. Mature glaucony is common on the north rims of both canyons, especially between 180 -200 m depth providing further evidence for extended periods of little to no modern sediment deposition in the canyon lee. Glaucony grains have experienced limited transport and are probably parautochthonous. The bulk composition of SWCM shelf, canyon, river, and beach sediments is controlled mainly by the hydrodynamic sorting of Alpine Schist derived material. Regional changes in catchment geology are identified in modern SWCM shelf sediments. Ultramafic signals (i.e. enriched trace element patterns and Cr/V and Ni/Y ratios) from the Pounamu Ultramafics and Dun Mountain Ultramafics were identified on the North and Cascade shelves respectively. The contribution of other lithologies to the bulk composition of SWCM sediments is localised due to rapid dilution with Alpine Schist detritus. The low carbonate and skeletal content on the SWCM is due to the energetic wave climate and high fluvial supply on the shelves. A variety of Cr-rich spinels and magnetites are supplied to the SWCM shelves and vary with regional changes in catchment geology. The Cascade shelf is rich in chromites (containing up to 215,000 ppm Cr) and Cr – rich magnetites sourced from the Dun Mountain Ultramafics via the Cascade River. Shelf, beach, and river samples between the Haast River and Waitaha River are dominated by low-Cr magnetite grains which represent the ‘background’ magnetite composition sourced from rivers draining the Alpine Schist dominated catchments. The dispersal of Cr-rich spinels is limited due to the dilution with low Cr-magnetites from rivers and littoral sediments. Glacio-eustatic lowstands such as the Last Glacial Cold Period (LGCP), represented periods of robust connection of local rivers with the Hokitika and Cook canyon heads, increased interception of littoral transport paths, and compartmentalisation of inter-canyon shelves. Hokitika canyon cores reflect these changes with textural and compositional ‘spikes’ indicating higher terrigenous input during the LGCP. The geochemistry of the terrigenous fraction in the Hokitika canyon provides evidence for enrichment in ferromagnesian and Cr-rich minerals during the LGCP. This is due to the increased connectivity of the Cr-spinel bearing Hokitika River to the canyon head. The Cr/V ratio in particular demonstrates its effectiveness as a proxy for interglacial – glacial change in submarine canyon stratigraphy. Increases and decreases in the connectivity of Cr-bearing fluvial systems during lowstands and highstands respectively can be observed with this ratio.
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Adams, D. P. M. "Cretaceous and Eocene geology of South Westland." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7117.

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The Cretaceous and Eocene sequence of South Westland crops out within a 6km wide coastal area from Ship Creek to the Mahitahi River. The oldest unit, the Otumotu Formation (Motuan-Arowhanan), lies with angular unconformity on the Paleozoic Greenland Group. It is divided into two members, an older Tauweritiki Member (new) overlain by the Topsy Member. Both are entirely clastic but the lower unit is significantly coarser ranging from boulder conglomerate to mudstone, while granule conglomerate, sandstone analysis of sedimentary features to pebble breccia and the upper member comprises and mudstone. Detailed suggests that the lower member represents alluvial fan and plain sedimentation in a tectonically active setting changing to a more stable semi-arid fluvial and lacustrine depositional regime in the younger deposits. The Butler Formation (new) (Piripauan), which lies unconformably on the Otumotu Formation, consists of conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone, with high and medium volatile bituminous coal seams. The sediments represent an environment of rivers and coal forming swamps and lakes which produced thick (up to 3m) coal seams. The Tauperikaka Formation (new), previously the Tauperikaka Coal Measures, (Haumurian) overlies the Butler Formation, with a disconformity marked by a low relief scour surface, and is divided into the Moeraki (lower), Paringa (middle) and Rasselas (upper) Members. The Moeraki Member consists of pebble conglomerate, cross-bedded and horizontally bedded pebbly and granular sandstone and carbonaceous massive silty mudstone. The sequence is thought to represent a coastal fluvial environment. The Paringa Member includes large scale planar tabular cross-bedding with mud drapes (“tidal bundles”), bi-directional flaser bedded, trough and planar cross-bedded sandstone, siltstone and mudstone. The depositional environment is interpreted as a tide dominated coastline. The Rasselas Member, which consists of interbedded burrowed and structureless glauconitic sandstone in which both the density and diversity of burrows and the sediment grain size decrease upwards, was probably deposited in a large open marine bay. The sediments of the Otumotu, Butler and Tauperikaka Formations are derived from a Greenland Group and Tuhua Group source which probably lay to the west of the basin. The change in depositional environment within the Tauperikaka Formation, from a marginal marine to an off shore marine environment is responsible constituents in the sediment composition, and the rock fragment component has been greatly depleted. The eruption of the Arnott Basalt towards the end of the Haumurian is possibly related to extension which led to thinning of the crust. The Eocene Law Coal Measures (new) (Kaiatan) are composed of clast supported very well rounded cobble to pebble conglomerate, well sorted medium sandstones, carbonaceous siltstone and mudstone and thick (up to 4m) high volatile bituminous coal seams. The sequence is interpreted as marginal marine, with coal forming reed swamps developing between fluvial clastic fans. A marine transgression from the east resulted in the end of coal measure sedimentation. The Tititira Formation (Miocene) lies unconformably on the Law Coal Measures. Differences in coal type and coal geochemistry distinguish the coal in the Butler Formation from coal in the Law Coal Measures. The pH of the Law Coal Measure swamps was elevated by a marine influence which has produced a distinctive coal type characterised by a low Tissue Preservation Index. The coal also contains very little inertinite compared with coal from the Butler Formation. The Coal in the Law Coal Measures can be distinguished using the relatively high Na₂O content which is totally organically associated and is present in a constant amount within different seams. The Butler Formation coal contains a high proportion of clay compared to the coal in the Law Coal Measures and has negligible Na₂O. A thrust system involving both Paleozoic basement and cretaceous and Tertiary cover rocks has developed in post, Miocene time and accounts for a substantial amount of shorting (in the range of 40km and possibly more). The Mistake fault, a splay off the Alpine Fault, is the sole thrust of the Mistake Thrust Sheet which is part of a duplex thrust system which has subsequently been buckled into an antiformal stack. The anti formal stack includes at least two other thrust sheets, one below and one above the Mistake Thrust Sheet. The thrust complex appears to extend south to Milford Sound and up to 100km north of the area mapped and it is likely similar thrust systems are developed along the entire length of the Alpine Fault.
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Anderson, Brian Michael. "The response of Ka Roimata o Hine Hukatere Franz Josef Glacier to climate change." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4098.

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In the past century global climate warming has led to widespread glacier recession, which in turn has made a significant contribution to eustatic sea level rise. In the coming century, warming is projected to continue and small glacier melt will make a further contribution to sea level rise. In the monitoring of global glacier change and prediction of the response of glacier to climate change, the few well-studied Southern Hemisphere glaciers have an important role to play in elucidating global climate linkages, both in the information that they have left on past climate and glacier change, and the information the provide on future changes to the cryosphere. Franz Josef Glacier, with the best record of terminus position in the Southern Hemisphere, has an important place in assessing global climate and glacier change. The aim of this thesis is examine the response of Franz Josef Glacier to climate change. This goal is achieved through the application of coupled mass balance and ice-flow models, verified with an extensive set of field measurements. A range of previous studies have attempted to understand the linkages between climate and the advance and retreat of the glacier. Methods of examining the response of the glacier have progressed from simple correlations of climate variables and terminus position, to coupled mass balance - ice-flow models. Despite the large amount written about the glacier, there have been few direct measurements of ice velocity, almost a complete lack of mass balance measurements and no measurements of ice thickness. Without these measurements it is difficult to have confidence in the output of the models. A comparison of the output of these models indicates a wide range of predicted mass balance and ice velocity, the two essential components of glacier response to climate change. The programme of field measurement indicates that Franz Josef Glacier has an extremely high mass turnover. Ablation at the terminus is more than 20 m/a w.e. and accumulation in the névé up to 7 m/a w.e. A degree-day mass balance model is able to simulate these measurements, but measured mass balance at the same elevation varies significantly, indicating that the assumption that the only spatial variation of mass balance is with elevation may not be valid here. Ice velocity reaches 2.5 m/day, which is high for a midlatitude glacier. Temporal variations in velocity measurements indicate that basal sliding occurs year round with little seasonal variation, and a greater sliding velocity on the glacier tongue than in the accumulation area. An ice velocity model tuned to the ice velocity measurements confirms this pattern of sliding velocity. vii The coupled mass balance and ice-flow simulates the overall 20th century glacier retreat, but does not simulate the terminus response well, a result of the mass balance model not producing accurate results for the period 1894-1940. The model, when run for a short period of time into the future, indicates that glacier response is independent of climate for a period of 5 years, and that Franz Josef Glacier will almost certainly retreat a further 1 km in the next 5 years. Longer term predictions are dependent on climate change scenarios, such that by 2100 the Franz Josef Glacier could be anywhere from a size similar to the present to two small glaciers perched on the highest peaks. The mean scenario indicates that by 2100 the glacier will have lost 20% of its volume and retreated 4 km to terminate near the present day Almer Glacier. The possibly significant recession of the Franz Josef Glacier will have an impact on the local community and economy with recreation and tourism on the glacier becoming much more difficult. While the results of this study are particular to Franz Josef Glacier, they provide information on how other small glaciers respond to climate change.
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Collier, Kevin J. "Ecology of acid brownwater streams in Westland, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Zoology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4809.

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Effects of water chemistry and catchment afforestation on benthic invertebrates were investigated in acid brownwater and circumneutral clearwater streams in Westland, South Island, New Zealand. Annual dissolved organic carbon (DOC) budgets calculated for three North Westland wetland catchments (zero, two and five years post-afforestation) showed that forestry development resulted in a reduction of DOC export by up to 24 % and that recovery of DOC dynamics was linked to the time elapsed since the onset of development. The presence of high DOC concentrations in stream water (up to 41 g.m-3) resulted in lowering of pH to about 4.0. These highly acidic waters also contained high concentrations of dissolved aluminium, but only a small proportion (< 80 mg.m -3) was in the toxic labile (inorganic) monomeric form.
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Rose, Robert Vaughan. "Quaternary geology and stratigraphy of North Westland, South Island, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6474.

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Infrared stimulated luminescence ages are presented from the North Westland region, West Coast, South Island, New Zealand. These ages span much of the last interglacial-glacial cycle from 123.3 ± 12.7 ka to 33.6 ± 3.6 ka. Coverage is extended to c. 14 ka via cosmogenic isotope dating. A new Quaternary stratigraphy and Marine Isotope Stage correlation is proposed for the on-shore glacial-interglacial fluvioglacial, fluvial and marine terrace sequence. The new model incorporates previously published luminescence and radiocarbon ages. It necessitates reinterpretation of the evolution of the climate in North Westland for the period from 123 ka to 14 ka. Reinterpretation of fossil pollen and plant macrofossil records implies a period of probable near-interglacial climate in North Westland during the early to middle portion of Marine Isotope Stage 3. It also implies the presence in North Westland of raised marine terraces dating from this Isotope Stage. In addition it is concluded that during the period from c.60 ka to c.50 ka podocarp dominated forest was widespread in the lowland portion of Westland. Between Okarito and Westport Dacrydium cupressinum and Nestegis were ubiquitous components of this forest. This finding aligns the Marine Isotope Stage 3 climate of North Westland nicely with that of other parts of New Zealand where good records exist for this period.
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Kain, Claire Louise. "Past, Present and Future: Morphology and Dynamics of Rivermouth Lagoons in Westland, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4012.

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Coastal wetlands and rivermouth lagoons are dynamic systems, which respond rapidly to sea-level, tectonic, meteorological, anthropogenic and other synergistic drivers. This research used a multi-disciplinary approach to investigate two representative West Coast lagoon systems (Totara Lagoon and the Shearer Swamp-Waikoriri Lagoon Complex) in order to document their present-day geomorphology and determine the development and processes acting on these systems over historical time. This information was then used to predict their future under varying climate, development and management pressures. In addition to adding to the West Coast knowledge base, the findings of this research are applicable to similar systems elsewhere in New Zealand and internationally. This investigation used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the dynamics, structure, development and active processes in the two study systems. Techniques to document current hydrology and topography included hydrological records of water level, temperature and conductivity, and Global Navigation Satellite Surveys (GNSS). Outlet dynamics over a decadal scale were investigated through temporal aerial photograph analysis, and sediment core analyses showed changes occurring over longer timescales. Significant differences in morphology and dynamics were observed between Totara Lagoon and Waikoriri Lagoon, with the former being much larger, more stable, and less dynamic in terms of dune morphology and outlet migratory patterns. Hydrologically, Totara Lagoon is currently in an estuarine phase, and experiences significant tidal inflows, which demonstrates the connectivity between definitions of coastal lagoons and estuaries. Waikoriri Lagoon is freshwater, and can be described as a hapua-type system, but exhibits very different river flow and barrier composition to East Coast examples. Sediment core analyses from Shearer Swamp and northern Totara Lagoon showed little change over a decadal to centennial scale, but evidence of a change in margin dynamics in response to farming and stabilisation of adjacent dune ridges was observed in Shearer Swamp. Results suggest landward migration of the southern end of Totara Lagoon occurred over this timeframe. The future of these systems depends on the interaction between climate and anthropogenic (including management) factors. A conceptual model of process and response suggests three possible resultant scenarios: lagoon loss, natural lagoon, or artificially modified lagoon. A significant finding of this research is the recognition that some systems exist on a continuum between a hapua and an estuary, switching hydrological states through time while maintaining consistent morphology. In addition, the importance of barrier permeability in hapua formation is highlighted, and the term ‘sandy hapua’ introduced to distinguish these low-flow systems with low barrier permeability from the typical mixed sand and gravel examples documented on the East Coast. These findings enhance scientific understanding of rivermouth lagoon systems, and demonstrate the wide spectrum of conditions under which they may form. This process-based understanding is important from a coastal management perspective as concerns of human induced climate change and accelerated sea level rise grow.
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Herd, Michelle Erica June. "Continental Extensional Tectonics - The Paparoa Metamorphic Core Complex of Westland, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1425.

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Cretaceous continental extension was accommodated by the development of the Paparoa Metamorphic Core Complex, resulting in the separation of New Zealand from Gondwana. High grade (Lower Plate) and low grade (Upper Plate) rocks are separated by the Ohika and Pike Detachment Faults. The two detachment faults have distinctly different histories, with greater exhumation along the Pike Detachment Fault. The onset of crustal extension is proposed to have commenced along the Pike Detachment Fault at 116.2 ± 5.9 Ma (Rb/Sr dating). Both geochemical and geochronological approaches are adopted for this thesis, through the in situ analysis of oxygen and hafnium isotope ratios, trace metals and U-Pb content. Chemical changes are tracked during the petrogenesis of the Buckland Granite, with mafic replenishment observed in the later stages of crystallisation. Crystallisation temperatures of the Buckland Granite are calculated using zircon saturation thermometry, with an average Ti-in-zircon temperature of 697℃ (upper-amphibolite facies). Inherited zircons in Lower Plate rocks show distinct age peaks at c. 1000, 600 and 300 Ma, illustrating the incorporation of heterogeneous local crust (Greenland Group and Karamea Batholith). Model ages (TDM) are calculated for inherited zircons of the Lower Plate rocks, which record the time at which magma bodies (zircon host rocks) were extracted from the mantle. Maximum and minimum model ages for the Buckland Granite average at 3410 Ma and 2969 Ma, with the maximum TDM value of 3410 Ma coinciding with the proposed major crustal formation event of the Gondwana supercontinent at c. 3.4-3.5 Ga. Two distinct U-Pb zircon age peaks are observed in the Buckland Granite at 102.4 ± 0.7 and 110.3 ± 0.9 Ma. The 110.3 ± 0.9 Ma age is interpreted as the crystallisation age of the pluton, while the 102.4 ± 0.7 is proposed to represent a younger thermal (magmatic?) event associated with the 101-102 Ma Stitts Tuff.
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Eggers, Mark J. "Engineering geology assessment of slope instability on forest lands in South Westland." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering Geology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9580.

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Assessment of slope instability on forest lands in South Westland was limited to the resource allocation level of evaluating slope movements on forest lands with the prime objective of providing an overview of slope movement potential adequate for forestry development planning. Three sites were selected for detailed investigation on the three most unstable landform units which were identified by previous studies, viz:- 1. Greenland Group Hill Country: Boulder Creek; 2. Alpine Fault Zone slopes: Havelock Creek, and; 3. Cretaceous-Tertiary Hill Country: Grave Creek. Investigations were divided into three stages, engineering geology field and laboratory studies, assessment of slope movement processes and instability controls, and implications of slope instability for forest management. The dominant type of slope failure at Boulder Creek is debris slump/slide-avalanche in crushed hornfelsed sandstone and puggy tectonic breccia bedrock materials with failures typically initiated during high intensity rainstorm events and seismic events. The Boulder creek catchment is presently undergoing a period of increased slope activity which is generating a substantial quantity of sediment and is overloading the stream channel with rock debris. Boulder Creek provides an exceptional example of slope instability problems in Greenland Group Hill Country, this being explained by the oversteepened sides of the glaciated Moeraki River valley in fault-crushed bedrock. Alpine Fault Zone slopes fail most commonly by debris slide-avalanche in crushed mylonite schist and crushed garnet schist bedrock triggered by high intensity rainstorm events. Investigations at Havelock Creek also identified large-scale rock (block) slide failures in the same crushed bedrock materials which are initiated by infrequent seismic events. The Grave Earthflow, located in Cretaceous-Tertiary Hill Country, was triggered by construction of State Highway 6 in 1963-65. Failure is taking place by a complex rotational slide-earthflow type of movement along a zone of basal shear in grey mud material derived from faulting in lower Otumotu Formation bedrock. Surface movement monitoring investigations measured a high rate of movement of up to 419cm/year. Unloading of toe support in December 1984 caused an instantaneous acceleration in movement rates which subsequently declined during the monitoring period of March 1985 to June 1986. This deceleration process obscured any climatic influences on movement. Slope failure potential in South Westland slopes is governed by the fundamental causes of slope instability: the distribution of weak fault zone materials and crushed bedrock, and the steep topography (20-65°). Aerial photograph evidence suggests that slope instability features develop very rapidly (within one rainstorm event) and active instability periods occur in short-lived episodes (less than 50 years) which are coincident with the occurrence of heavy precipitation periods. Recommendations for future management of South Westland forest lands are:- 1. Alpine Fault Zone slopes should be limited to protection forestry management practices. 2. Greenland Group Hill Country and Cretaceous-Tertiary Hill Country should be assessed by more detailed phases of evaluation for small-scale bush-mill harvesting methods only. 3. Engineering geology methods of investigation and data presentation have been demonstrated to make a valuable contribution to forest resource allocation studies and it is recommended that these methods be applied to all levels of evaluation of slope movement potential on forest lands.
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Graesser, Anne K. "Physico-chemical conditions and benthic community dynamics in four South Westland streams." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Zoology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4751.

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Physico-chemical characteristics and benthic ecology of four small, stony, brownwater streams in South Westland, New Zealand were investigated between November 1984 and November 1986. Streams were in a high rainfall region (ca. 5 m per annum) and had low pH (4.5-6.5), alkalinity and conductivity but relatively high DOC (4-9 mg.l- 1). Discharge responded rapidly to frequent rainfall events, increasing DOC and lowering pH, alkalinity and conductivity. Epilithic biomass on tiles was always low (TOC< 200 ug.cm- 2). Non-algal biomass increased rapidly and was subsequently colonized by bacteria, fungi and algae. Algal composition differed among streams, but not seasonally. Field experiments demonstrated that permanent inundation affected biomass and composition and that invertebrate grazers could reduce biomass. Amount of detritus (> 0.25 mm) in the streambeds was low « 60 gAFDW.m- 2), patchily distributed and occurred non-seasonally. Eighty-seven invertebrate taxa (including 27 Trichoptera, 18 Plecoptera, 15 Diptera) were recorded. The mayfly De7eatidium and the family Chironomidae numerically dominated all streams throughout the year, whereas over 2/3 of the other taxa were rare « 1% of numbers). Faunal densities were moderately low (400-1300 m- 2) as was production of six major insect taxa calculated by the size frequency method (SFM) and Hopkins' method (HM). Although HM has been used infrequently, it gave similar results to SFM and requires less data analysis. All six taxa had poorly synchronized life histories (difficult to interpret; apparently all univoltine). Low drift rates were dominated by terrestrial insects, De7eatidium and Chironomidae. Drift densities were negatively correlated with discharge, which suggests that insects may actively avoid drifting when flow increases. Of the four, Noone Creek had the greatest epilithic algal diversity, invertebrate richness and flow continuity (ie. regularly channelled flow). It is hypothesized that this latter factor may account for the high biotic dixersity. Stream faunas could be described as "determinate" assemblages (Lake & Barmuta 1986) whose populations were highly resistant and resilient to physical disturbances.
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Campbell, Heather, and n/a. "Partitioning of plate boundary deformation in South Westland, New Zealand : controls from reactivated structures." University of Otago. Department of Geology, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060705.150820.

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The Australian-Pacific plate boundary is an uncomplicated structure along most of its length in the South Island, New Zealand. In South Westland, south of the Arawata River, however, several terranes converge onto the Alpine fault. Inherent anisotropies arising from the position of pre-existing fault structures, lithological contacts and rheological heterogeneities within these give rise to an atypically diffuse and complex zone, the overall geometry of which resembles a regional scale transpressive flower structure. The flower structure is a broad deformation zone 60 km in length extending approximately 7 km from the Alpine fault to its eastern limit, the Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt. Integral parts of the structure are the Hollyford Fault System and the Livingstone Fault System. The area is characterised by an array of left-stepping, subparallel faults with an average 060� strike linked by 020� striking structures. All fault traces offset Quaternary features. Fractions of the total interplate slip are partitioned across the reactivated structures. Additionally, kinematic indicators reveal partitioning of strike-slip and oblique/dip-slip deformation across the related secondary fault zones. The behaviour of the plate boundary zone in South Westland is fundamentally controlled by reactivation of the Hollyford Fault System and the Livingstone Fault System which partition slip away from the Alpine fault. As a consequence, the eastward transferral of slip onto the curved geometry of the converging fault systems has ultimately created a left-stepping contractional regime, the equivalent of a restraining bend in the plate boundary zone. The competent Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt controls the geometry and evolution of the reactivated structures. It also acts as an indenter and imposes additional boundary conditions adding to the shortening component in the region and the onset of complex transpressional strain patterns. The geometry and kinematics of the flower structure in the upper crust is mimicked in the ductile mid to lower crust. Upper greenschist facies mylonites reveal a complex fold pattern developed in response to contemporaneous non-coaxial and coaxial deformation. The folding formed during a continuation of deformation associated with mylonitisation at depths within the fault system. The fact that strain localisation and transpressive strain patterns in the brittle crust continue into the ductile zones suggests there is a feedback relationship between the two regimes. The reactivation of pre-existing structures and the influence of rheological factors are considered as first order factors controlling strain partitioning in the plate boundary zone. Recognition of local strain partitioning is important for assessing slip rates and earthquake recurrence. Similarly, the faults extend down below the seismogenic zone so that interaction of the different structures with each other may produce changes in fault behaviour which affects earthquake nucleation. Although the Alpine fault is a major structure in the South Island of New Zealand with over 400 km of dextral movement, the reactivated structures still exert a degree of control locally on the structure and kinematics of the plate boundary zone. Reactivation of inherent fault structures has important implications for the initiation of plate boundary faults and the alteration of the plate boundary geometry with evolving deformation.
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Books on the topic "Westland"

1

Huggins, Bailey Sherrye Louise, ed. Westland. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2004.

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Westland. London: Jane's, 1987.

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Sarkar, Dilip. Angriff Westland. Worcester: Ramrod Publications, 1994.

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Mettler, Yves. Vom Westland. Köln: Claus Richter, 2003.

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Preston, Ivy. April in Westland. Leicester: Linford, 1987.

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Crawford, Alex. Westland Whirlwind Mk. 1. [S.l.]: P.h. Listemann, 2008.

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Samolot wielozadaniowy Westland Lysander. Warszawa: Bellona i Agencja Wydawnicza CB, 1997.

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James, Derek N. Westland aircraft since 1915. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 1991.

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Westland aircraft since 1915. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1991.

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Quaghebeur, Roger. 't Westland in oorlogstijd: Het Westland onder de Duitse bezetting, 1940-1944. Veurne: Klaproos, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Westland"

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Freedman, Lawrence. "Westland and Helicopters." In The Politics of British Defence 1979–98, 175–202. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14957-5_12.

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Wanhill, Russell, Simon Barter, and Loris Molent. "Westland Lynx Rotor Hub (1998): Progression Marking LEFM Analysis." In SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology, 83–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1675-6_11.

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Dunleavy, Patrick. "Reinterpreting the Westland Affair: Theories of the State and Core Executive Decision Making." In Prime Minister, Cabinet and Core Executive, 181–218. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24141-5_10.

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Orchiston, Wayne. "C.J. Westland and Comet C/1914 S1 (Campbell): A Forgotten Episode in New Zealand Cometary Astronomy." In Exploring the History of New Zealand Astronomy, 509–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22566-1_18.

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Houston, Gail Turley. "Mr. Westland, Acting Deputy Commissioner, Memo (19 March 1866), Papers and Correspondence Relative to Famine in Bengal and Orissa." In Hunger and Famine in the Long Nineteenth Century, 146–47. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429198076-41.

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Azimova, Shakhnoza S., and Anna I. Glushenkova. "Rhododendron westlandii Hemsl." In Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources, 351. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_1070.

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Wanger, Thomas-Cherico, and Mingqi Xie. "A western view on Westlake University’s way to reform China’s education system." In China im Blickpunkt des 21. Jahrhunderts, 341–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63378-6_21.

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Navari, Cornelia. "Civilization as Humanity: The ‘Men of 1873’, John Westlake and the Grotius Society." In The International Society Tradition, 93–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77018-1_7.

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"DAS JUNGKONSERVATIVE „WESTLAND“." In Imaginierter Westen, 219–322. transcript-Verlag, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839411124-005.

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"DAS JUNGKONSERVATIVE „WESTLAND“." In Imaginierter Westen, 219–322. transcript Verlag, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783839411124-005.

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Conference papers on the topic "Westland"

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Daly, Elizabeth M., Freddy Lecue, and Veli Bicer. "Westland row why so slow?" In the 2013 international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2449396.2449423.

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Wen, Fang, Peter K. Willett, and Somnath Deb. "Analysis of the Westland data set." In Aerospace/Defense Sensing, Simulation, and Controls, edited by Peter K. Willett and Thiagalingam Kirubarajan. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.434240.

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Mucchi, Emiliano, and Antonio Vecchio. "Experimental Vibro-Acoustic Transfer Path Analysis on Helicopters." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12437.

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The Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) presented in this paper has been performed on the Agusta Westland AW-109 helicopter. A combination of laboratory measured FRFs and in-flight operational data has been gathered: while the structural and acoustic FRFs have been collected in a measurement campaign held at Politecnico of Milan employing the helicopter mock-up, the operational data, i.e. the paths acceleration, were obtained on the actual helicopter in a succeeding session that took place in the Agusta Westland factory. Since the data analysis has brought to light some corrupted data concerning the set of the structural FRFs, an attempt to perform the TPA using POLYMAX synthesized FRFs has been brought to completion with the aim of verifying at first the reliability of such an approach and then to assess whether this technique could be employed to substitute corrupted data with synthesized ones when the database occurred to be unreliable.
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Clarkson, P. John, Caroline Simons, and Claudia Eckert. "Predicting Change Propagation in Complex Design." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dtm-21698.

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Abstract In redesign and design for customization, products are changed. During this process a change to one part of the product will, in most cases, result in changes to other parts. The accurate prediction of this change propagation provides a significant challenge in the management of redesign and customization. This paper reports on an analysis of change behavior based on a case study in GKN Westland Helicopters of rotorcraft design; the development of mathematical models to predict the risk of change propagation in terms of likelihood and impact of change; and the development of a prototype computer support tool.
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Yang W, Chunhui Wang, Le Yu, and Dengrong Zhang. "Using MRF approach to wetland classification of high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery: A case study in Xixi Westland National Park, Hangzhou, China." In 2010 Second IITA International Conference on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IITA-GRS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iita-grs.2010.5602662.

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Donateo, Teresa, Antonio Ficarella, and Luigi Spedicato. "Applying Dynamic Programming Algorithms to the Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Aircraft." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76500.

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To explore the application of dynamic programming (DP) to the energy management strategies of hybrid electric aircraft, a hybrid powertrain for a lightweight rotorcraft is introduced and its dynamic control model is designed. The model is conceived for the Agusta-Westland A109 helicopter, a twin-engine rotorcraft used in various roles, such as light transport, search-and-rescue and military roles. The turboshaft single spool engines are modeled with the use of performance maps that allow part load specific fuel consumption to be calculated as a function of actual power request and flight conditions. The state-of-the-art lithium polymer batteries are used for the hybridization and their behavior is evaluated by the Sheperd-Peukert model. The control problem is modeled through a graph structure where a node is obtained from the intersection between a time value, representing the starting of a phase of flight, and a splitting factor, representing the percentage of propulsive power required to the battery in such a phase. The edge connecting two nodes concerns with the state transition and the weight of the edge refers to the transition cost. The goal is to find an optimal splitting sequence to minimize the total cost over the whole mission, that is given with regard to speed and altitude. The Dijkstra algorithm, which allows the shortest energy path to be found between nodes in a graph, is used to look for the optimum. A local optimum is achieved when the cost is defined as the fuel consumption whereas the global optimum can be attained when the model is enhanced to include the effect of the battery usage into the cost. The results are compared with the original non-hybrid case and the engine efficiency was suitable evaluated. The applicability to other mission data is suitably evaluated so as to deduce the concept of similarity of mission.
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Garavello, A., M. Russo, Claudio Comis da Ronco, R. Ponza, and E. Benini. "Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of Air-Intakes of a Helicopter Turboshaft." In ASME 2012 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2012-9506.

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The research project HEAVYcOPTer, a sub task of the European R&D program Clean-Sky GRC2 [1], is devoted to the efficient design and the shape optimization of the Agusta Westland AW101 helicopter turboshaft engine intake and exhaust system, to be carried out by means of advanced multi-objective optimization algorithms coupled with CFD Navier-Stokes solvers. The present paper describes the outcomes of HEAVYcOPTer in relation to the air intakes shape optimisation activities. This paper describes the technical details of such program. The optimisation method chosen for the redesign of the engine installation involves the application of the state of the art genetic algorithm GDEA, developed at the University of Padova and successfully applied in several fluid-dynamics applications, especially in the field of turbomachinery. For the present application, the set of geometrical designs constituting the genetic algorithm population are generated by means of morphing the original CFD model surface mesh: shapes are applied to baseline surface nodes with a displacement intensity driven by the GA chosen scaling factors. Then, CFD models of new designs are automatically generated and analyzed by the flow solver, returning to the GA the evaluation of the selected objective functions required in order to evolve the population in the next step of the evolutionary process. AW101 intakes have been optimised following a multi-objective/multi-point approach, minimizing inlet total pressure loss in both hovering and forward flight conditions simultaneously; optimised solutions were also constrained so as to not exceed the total pressure distortion level at the engine aerodynamic interface plane, so as to ensure inlet/engine compatibility with respect to the compressor surge limit. This approach ensured the improvement of the engine/airframe integration efficiency for the overall rotorcraft flight envelop, reducing fuel burn and increasing the helicopter propulsive efficiency.
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Custis, Tonya, Frank Schilder, Thomas Vacek, Gayle McElvain, and Hector Martinez Alonso. "Westlaw Edge AI Features Demo." In ICAIL '19: Seventeenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3322640.3326739.

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Solis, Octavio, Frank Castro, Leonid Bukhin, David Turner, L. S. Brian Ng, Gary Thompson, and Andrew Dombek. "LA Metro Red Line Wayside Energy Storage Substation Revenue Service Regenerative Energy Saving Results." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3793.

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The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA Metro) Red Line (MRL) provides heavy rail subway service with six-car trains at up to 65 mph, connecting downtown to the San Fernando Valley with weekday headways down to five minutes. MRL trains have either DC chopper propulsion or AC propulsion. Revenue service measurements at the busy Westlake/MacArthur Park station show that natural regeneration from braking trains to accelerating trains recoups 34% of the energy provided by nearby braking trains. The remaining 66% of the braking train energy is a candidate for capture and reuse. To capture and reuse this energy, Metro contracted with VYCON Inc. to design, supply, and integrate a flywheel Wayside Energy Storage Substation (WESS). WESS will capture and reuse train braking energy at the MRL Westlake traction power substation, located at the Westlake/MacArthur Park station. The project, funded by a grant from the Federal Transit Administration through its Transit Investments for Greenhouse Gas and Energy Reduction (TIGGER) Program under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), is being cooperatively performed by Metro and VYCON. The initial WESS deployment is of a 2 MW rated system with a 15 s charge / discharge time, and an 8.33 kWh energy capacity. The WESS design allows easy expansion to a 6 MW rating. This paper presents results from initial MRL tests to measure regenerative energy savings which occur during revenue service operations, before installing the WESS.
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Solis, Octavio, Frank Castro, Leonid Bukhin, Kinh Pham, David Turner, and Gary Thompson. "Saving Money Every Day: LA Metro Subway Wayside Energy Storage Substation." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5691.

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The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA METRO) subway provides service with up to six-car trains at up to 65 mph at five minute headways on weekdays. To reduce energy usage, LA METRO implemented a flywheel-based Wayside Energy Storage Substation (WESS), which reduces energy usage by capturing and reusing braking energy generated by trains when they decelerate and brake approaching the passenger station. The LA METRO WESS has a 2 MW, 15 second capacity, or 8.33 kWh, and can charge and discharge with a 1.5 minute cycle rate. WESS has been in daily full operation since August 2014. WESS has saved 10 to 18% of the traction power energy at the Westlake TPSS, every day.
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Reports on the topic "Westland"

1

Smit, Pepijn, and Nico van der Velden. Bouwstenen voor evaluatie Smart Grid Westland. Wageningen: Wageningen Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/530706.

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Smit, Pepijn, and Nico van der Velden. Verlagen energievraag glastuinbouw : speerpunten voor de gemeente Westland. Den Haag: Wageningen Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/530889.

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Grashof-Bokdam, Carla, Gerben J. Messelink, Wim Ozinga, Renata van Holstein-Saj, Chantal Bloemhard, Joop Woelke, and Henk Meeuwsen. Groenbeheer en plaag(bestrijdende) insecten nabij kassen in de gemeente Westland. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/476301.

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Smit, Pepijn, and Nico van der Velden. Kompas op 2030 : Verduurzamingsrichtingen energievoorziening Westlandse glastuinbouw. Wageningen: Wageningen Economic Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/462812.

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Smit, P. X., and N. J. A. van der Velden. Energieverduurzaming Westlandse glastuinbouw : van middenmoter naar koploper (deel 2). Wageningen: Wageningen Economic Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/390949.

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