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Books on the topic 'Western scientific view'
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1
Gripentrog-Schedel, Stephanie, Jens Kugele, and Enno Edzard Popkes, eds. Grenzarbeiten auf der Nulllinie. Kiel: Universitätsverlag Kiel | Kiel University Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.38072/978-3-928794-66-4.
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Nachdem Nahtoderfahrungen (NTE) im Diskurs westlicher Gesellschaften inzwischen kein Nischenthema mehr sind, sondern bereits vielfach medial rezipiert und verbreitet wurden und werden, sind die Potentiale der wissenschaftlichen Erforschung des Themas noch bei Weitem nicht ausgeschöpft. Dies mag nicht zuletzt etwas damit zu tun haben, dass die Auseinandersetzung mit NTE vielleicht mehr als andere Themen etablierte Wissenschaftsverständnisse herausfordert. Der vorliegende Band macht daher drei Vorschläge zur Neuperspektivierung des Themas und zur Fortsetzung der begonnenen Diskussion: Gefragt werden soll nach der Aushandlung von Grenzen, nach ›Nahtoderfahrungen‹ als einem wissenschaftlichen Konzept und nach den Potentialen interdisziplinärer Arbeit. Hierzu werden Beiträge aus unterschiedlichen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen wie etwa der Religionswissenschaft, der Theologie, der Soziologie und der Medizin versammelt, die sich aus ihrer je fachspezifischen Sicht mit dem Thema auseinandersetzen. Since near-death experiences (NDEs) are no longer a niche topic in the discourse of Western societies, but have already been and are being widely received and disseminated in the media, the potentials of scientific research on the topic are far from being exhausted. This may have something to do, not least, with the fact that dealing with NDEs challenges established understandings of science perhaps more than other topics. The present anthology therefore makes three proposals for a new perspective on the topic and for continuing the discussion that has already begun: It will ask about the negotiation of boundaries, about ›near-death experiences‹ as a scientific concept, and about the potentials of interdisciplinary work. For this purpose, contributions from different scientific disciplines such as religious studies, theology, sociology, and medicine will be gathered, each of them dealing with the topic from their own specific view.
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Rogers, Hiromi T. Anjin - The Life and Times of Samurai William Adams, 1564-1620. GB Folkestone: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781898823858.
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The year is 1600. It is April and Japan’s iconic cherry trees are in full flower. A battered ship drifts on the tide into Usuki Bay in southern Japan. On board, barely able to stand, are twenty-three Dutchmen and one Englishman, the remnants of a fleet of five ships and 500 men that had set out from Rotterdam in 1598. The Englishman was William Adams, later to be known as Anjin Miura by the Japanese, whose subsequent transformation from wretched prisoner to one of the Shogun’s closest advisers is the centrepiece of this book. As a native of Japan, and a scholar of seventeenth-century Japanese history, the author delves deep into the cultural context facing Adams in what is one of the great examples of assimilation into the highest reaches of a foreign culture. Her access to Japanese sources, including contemporary accounts – some not previously seen by Western scholars researching the subject – offers us a fuller understanding of the life lived by William Adams as a high-ranking samurai and his grandstand view of the collision of cultures that led to Japan’s self-imposed isolation, lasting over two centuries. This is a highly readable account of Adams’ voyage to and twenty years in Japan and that is supported by detailed observations of Japanese culture and society at this time. New light is shed on Adams’ relations with the Dutch and his countrymen, including the disastrous relationship with Captain John Saris, the key role likely to have been played by the munitions, including cannon, removed from Adams’ ship De Liefde in the great battle of Sekigahara (September 1600), the shipbuilding skills that enabled Japan to advance its international maritime ambitions, as well as the scientific and technical support Adams was able to provide in the refining process of Japan’s gold and silver.
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Campbell, Kenneth L. Western Civilization in a Global Context: Prehistory to the Enlightenment. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474275491.
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Western Civilization in a Global Context is a source collection that introduces a comparative element to the study of Western civilization, offering students an opportunity to explore non-Western perspectives. An interesting and provocative set of readings are included, from a range of primary sources, including official documents, historical writings, literary sources, letters, speeches, interviews as well as visual sources. These different sources are carefully selected with a view to generating class discussion and providing students with a sense of the different approaches historians might take to understanding the past. Volume I covers prehistory to the Enlightenment, including sources that offer insight into the political, social, religious, cultural and intellectual history of this period. Topics covered include: - The Rise of Rome - Byzantine Civilization - The Renaissance in Europe and China - Religious Reformation - European Expansion - The Scientific Revolution To aid student engagement and understanding, the book begins with a guide to using primary sources, includes questions for discussion throughout and concludes with a glossary of key terms. Western Civilization in a Global Context is the ideal companion for students who want to explore the contribution of non-Western cultures, and gain a more thorough understanding of the complex history of the world as a result.
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Spiritual Being and Becoming: Western Christian and Modern Scientific Views of Human Nature for Spiritual Formation. Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2015.
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Kyle, Eric J. Spiritual Being and Becoming: Western Christian and Modern Scientific Views of Human Nature for Spiritual Formation. Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2015.
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Kyle, Eric J. Spiritual Being and Becoming: Western Christian and Modern Scientific Views of Human Nature for Spiritual Formation. Lutterworth Press, The, 2017.
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Kyle, Eric J. Spiritual Being and Becoming: Western Christian and Modern Scientific Views of Human Nature for Spiritual Formation. Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2015.
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8
Slusser, George. Gregory Benford. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038228.003.0002.
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This chapter focuses on Gregory Benford's career as science fiction (SF) writer. Benford has remained steadfast in his claim that science is at the center both of the twentieth century and of the form of literature he sees as its central mode of expression. He is of the belief that SF should deal with the impact of scientific ideas and discoveries on society and the individual. This chapter discusses Benford's deep understanding of the philosophical currents born, as early as the Western seventeenth century, from the impact of scientific discovery on conventional worldviews; his view of physical environments in which human activity becomes radically problematic, if not unthinkable, and thus unnarratable in terms of conventional fictional structures, governed by a Newtonian stability; his insistence on writing “with the net up,” strictly adhering to the laws of physics rather than conveniently “suspending disbelief”; and his synthesis of the often-contradictory demands of science and fiction. The chapter suggests that Benford's work is philosophical fiction of the highest order.
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Ecklund, Elaine Howard, and David R. Johnson. Varieties of Atheism in Science. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197539163.001.0001.
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Not all atheists are New Atheists, but thanks in large part to the prominence and influence of New Atheists such as Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, Daniel Dennett, and Christopher Hitchens, New Atheism has claimed the pulpit of secularity in Western society. New Atheists have given voice to marginalized nonreligious individuals and underscored the importance of science in society. They have also advanced a derisive view of religion and forcefully argued that science and religion are intrinsically in conflict. Many in the public think that all scientists are atheists and all atheist scientists are New Atheists, militantly against religion and religious people. But what do everyday atheist scientists actually think about religion? Drawing on a survey of 1,293 atheist scientists in the U.S. and U.K., and 81 follow-up in-depth interviews, this book explains the pathways that led to atheism among scientists, the diverse views of religion they hold, their perspectives on the limits of what science can explain, and their views of meaning and morality. The findings reveal a vast gulf between the rhetoric of New Atheism in the public sphere and the reality of atheism in science. The story of the varieties of atheism in science is consequential for scientific and religious communities and points to tools for dialogue between these seemingly disparate groups.
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Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü. The Secular Republic. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691175829.003.0007.
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This chapter addresses Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's secularism. If popular expectations were any guide, two paths to global leadership lay wide open to Mustafa Kemal in 1922: he could either capitalize on Ottoman possession of the caliphate in order to seize the mantle of pan-Islamic leadership, or he could set himself up as an anti-imperialist model for Asian and African socialists. However, it was at this juncture that Mustafa Kemal's Turkist, scientistic, and pro-Western leanings became manifest, leading him and the Turkish nation down an uncharted path that combined intense nationalism with an extreme commitment to Western secularism. The popular philosophy of scientism, serving as a deus ex machina, provided the overall framework of this new secularism and shaped Mustafa Kemal's views of Islam.
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Norwood, F. Bailey. Food Controversies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190626686.003.0009.
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As knowledge of agriculture, food, and nutrition grows by leaps and bounds, so do agricultural controversies. While the developing world fights over access to food, the United States and western Europe fight over the moral high ground in terms of food. This chapter seeks to explain the prevalence of agricultural controversies in the presence of growing scientific knowledge. It explains how controversies persist due to insufficient facts to resolve them, how a single controversy can be a proxy war over much bigger issues, the ease with which we conflate specific policies and social movements, the difficult task of debating science and policy simultaneously, and the myriad influences determining a person’s views.
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Gaynanov, Damir. Innovative technologies of management of socio-economic development of Russian regions:XV International Scientific and Practical Conference, Ufa, 26-27 october 2023. Institute of Social and Economic Researches - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31040/978-5-6049257-5-1.
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The conference is devoted to the topical problems of management of socio-economic development of different-level territorial entities. Special attention is paid to the problems and opportunities of economic development of Russian regions in the conditions of Western sanctions policy (Section 1); modelling and management of innovative development of socio-economic systems in the conditions of new economic reality (Section 2); increasing the importance of public finance in the conditions of sanctions (Section 3); management of territorial development in the conditions of global transformations (Section 4); social development of territories and formation of quality social infrastructure in the conditions of global challenges (Section 5). The round table of young scientists, held within the framework of the conference, was devoted to the challenges of modern society and opportunities for the development of territories. The participants of the conference expressed their positions and discussed the results of research on these topics. The materials are published in the author's edition and reflect the views of scientists and practitioners on the problems of managing socio-economic development of Russian regions. The collection is of interest to researchers, university staff and students, as well as specialists in the field of economics and management of regional development.
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Effros, Bonnie, and Isabel Moreira, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Merovingian World. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190234188.001.0001.
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The Merovingian era is one of the best studied yet least known periods of European history. From the fifth to the eighth centuries, the inhabitants of Gaul (what now comprises France, southern Belgium, Luxembourg, Rhineland Germany and part of modern Switzerland), a mix of Gallo-Romans and Germanic arrivals under the political control of the Merovingian dynasty, sought to preserve, use, and reimagine the political, cultural, and religious power of ancient Rome while simultaneously forging the beginnings of what would become medieval European culture and identity. As a result, the Merovingian era is at the heart of historical debates about what happened to western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire. Yet in these centuries, the inhabitants of the Merovingian kingdoms created a culture that was the product of these traditions and achieved a balance between the world they inherited and the imaginative solutions that they bequeathed to Europe. Situated at the crossroads of Europe, connecting northern Europe with the Mediterranean and the British Isles with the Byzantine empire, Merovingian Gaul also benefitted from the global reach of the late Roman Empire. In this collection of 46 essays by scholars of Merovingian history, archaeology, and art history, we encounter the new perspectives and scientific approaches that shape our changing view of this extraordinary era.
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Gates, Jr, Henry Louis. Reconsidering Race. Edited by Kazuko Suzuki and Diego A. Von Vacano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190465285.001.0001.
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Race is one of the most elusive phenomena of social life. While we generally know it when we see it, it's not an easy concept to define. Social science literature has argued that race is a Western, sociopolitical concept that emerged with the birth of modern imperialism, whether in the sixteenth century (the Age of Discovery) or the eighteenth century (the Age of Enlightenment). This book points out that there is a disjuncture between the way race is conceptualized in the social science and medical literature: some of the modern sciences employ racial and ethnic categories. As such, race has a physical, as opposed to a purely social, dimension. The book argues that in order to more fully understand what we mean by race, social scientists need to engage genetics, medicine, and health. To be sure, the long shadow of eugenics and the Nazi use of scientific racism have cast a pall over the effort to understand this complicated relationship between social science and race. But while the text rejects pseudoscience and hierarchical ways of looking at race, it makes the claim that it is time to reassess the Western-based, social construction paradigm. The chapters in this book consider three fundamental tensions in thinking about race: one between theories that see race as fixed or malleable; a second between the idea that race is a universal but modern Western concept and the idea that it has a deeper and more complicated cultural history; and a third between sociopolitical and biological/biomedical concepts of race. Arguing that race is not merely socially constructed, the chapters offer a collection of views on the way that social scientists must reconsider the idea of race in the age of genomics.
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Medhananda, Swami. Swami Vivekananda's Vedāntic Cosmopolitanism. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197624463.001.0001.
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Swami Vivekananda, the nineteenth-century Hindu monk who introduced Vedānta to the West, is undoubtedly one of modern India’s most influential philosophers. Unfortunately, his philosophy has too often been interpreted through reductive hermeneutic lenses. Typically, scholars have viewed him either as a modern-day exponent of Śaṅkara’s Advaita Vedānta or as a “Neo-Vedāntin” influenced more by Western ideas than indigenous Indian traditions. Swami Vivekananda’s Vedāntic Cosmopolitanism rejects both of these prevailing approaches to offer a new interpretation of Vivekananda’s philosophy, highlighting its originality, contemporary relevance, and cross-cultural significance. Vivekananda, the book argues, is best understood as a cosmopolitan Vedāntin who developed novel philosophical positions through creative dialectical engagement with both Indian and Western thinkers. Inspired by his guru Sri Ramakrishna, Vivekananda reconceived Advaita Vedānta as a nonsectarian, life-affirming philosophy that provides an ontological basis for religious cosmopolitanism and a spiritual ethics of social service. He defended the scientific credentials of religion while criticizing the climate of scientism beginning to develop in the late nineteenth century. He was also one of the first philosophers to defend the evidential value of supersensuous perception on the basis of general epistemic principles. Finally, he adopted innovative cosmopolitan approaches to long-standing philosophical problems. Bringing him into dialogue with a galaxy of contemporary philosophers, the book demonstrates the sophistication and enduring value of Vivekananda’s views on the limits of reason, the dynamics of religious faith, and the hard problem of consciousness.
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Morton, Steve, Mandy Martin, Kim Mahood, and John Carty, eds. Desert Lake. CSIRO Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643108387.
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Desert Lake is a book combining artistic, scientific and Indigenous views of a striking region of north-western Australia. Paruku is the place that white people call Lake Gregory. It is Walmajarri land, and its people live on their Country in the communities of Mulan and Billiluna.
This is a story of water. When Sturt Creek flows from the north, it creates a massive inland Lake among the sandy deserts. Not only is Paruku of national significance for waterbirds, but it has also helped uncover the past climatic and human history of Australia. Paruku's cultural and environmental values inspire Indigenous and other artists, they define the place as an enduring home, and have led to its declaration as an Indigenous Protected Area.
The Walmajarri people of Paruku understand themselves in relation to Country, a coherent whole linking the environment, the people and the Law that governs their lives. These understandings are encompassed by the Waljirri or Dreaming and expressed through the songs, imagery and narratives of enduring traditions. Desert Lake is embedded in this broader vision of Country and provides a rich visual and cross-cultural portrait of an extraordinary part of Australia.
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Rasmussen, Joel D. S., Judith Wolfe, and Johannes Zachhuber, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Nineteenth-Century Christian Thought. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198718406.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Nineteenth-Century Christian Thought offers a comprehensive assessment of the various ways in which Christian thought has found expression -during the long nineteenth century; how it has been influenced by contemporaneous scientific, social, political, and cultural developments; and how it has in its turn impacted all areas of Western life and thought during this period. Its contributors accept that, contrary to earlier views, the nineteenth century was less a period of secularization than one of dynamic, innovative, and diverse transformations of Christian thought, even if these were often expressed in new, non-traditional, and often controversial forms. Consequently, the volume starts with a section on 'paradigm shifts' underlying intellectual engagements with Christianity during the period, and proceeds to explorations of the role Christian thought played in various aspects of nineteenth-century society and culture. Further sections of the Handbook provide overviews of confessional developments and more strictly theological ideas throughout the long nineteenth century. In this way, the Handbook provides a comprehensive and definitive overview of a field of study central to the work of theologians, scholars of religion and literature, historians, historians of art, philosophers, and anthropologists.
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Mitsis, Phillip, ed. Oxford Handbook of Epicurus and Epicureanism. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744213.001.0001.
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The ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus (340–271 bce), though often despised for his materialism, hedonism, and denial of the immortality of the soul, has at the same time been an ongoing source of inspiration for a great variety of subsequent philosophers, poets, and political thinkers. This volume offers authoritative discussions of all aspects of Epicurus’s philosophy and then traces out some of its most important later influences throughout the Western intellectual tradition. Epicurean arguments are carefully placed in their ancient and subsequent intellectual contexts, thus offering readers the opportunity of measuring them against a wide range of opponents—from Platonists, Aristotelians, and Stoics, to Hegel and Nietzsche, and finally on to such influential contemporary philosophers as Thomas Nagel, Bernard Williams, and Jacques Derrida. The volume offers separate and detailed discussions of two fascinating and ongoing sources of Epicurean arguments, the Herculaneum papyri and the inscription of Diogenes of Oenoanda, both of which are continually enriching our understanding of Epicureanism. Contributors have been able to make ample use of this new evidence in presenting the most current understanding of Epicurus’s own views. By the same token, the second half of the volume is devoted to the extraordinary influence of Epicurean doctrines, often either neglected or misunderstood, in literature, political thought, scientific innovation, and in philosophy generally. Taken together, the contributions in this volume offer the most comprehensive and detailed account of Epicurus and Epicureanism available in English.
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Olsen, Kirstin. Understanding Lord of the Flies. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216029564.
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A seemingly simple tale of schoolboys marooned on an island, Lord of the Flies has proven to be one of the most enigmatic and provocative pieces of literature ever published. This casebook probes the many layers of meaning in the novel, examining its literary, philosophical, historical, scientific, and religious significance. Beginning with a literary analysis that explores the universality of the novel's characters, the story is considered as subversion of the adventure tale, comparing it to such classics as Treasure Island and Robinson Crusoe. From these literary depictions of savagery, this study delves deeper, confronting the long-running philosophical and biological debates about human nature that have absorbed such influential thinkers as Rousseau and Darwin. The full meaning of Lord of the Flies is further contextualized by tracing historical views on civilization, from the Victorian perspective, to the very real horrors of World War II. This casebook integrates analysis and primary documents, with excerpts from materials as diverse as the Bible, the writings of Darwin, and war crimes interviews, to explore the very nature of human aggression and evil. This book will spark students to consider intriguing connections between Golding's masterpiece and broader concepts of civilization, altruism, political leadership responsibilities, and the history of western imperialism. The interdisciplinary approach of this casebook helps students situate the lessons of Lord of the Flies in the context of Education, War and Postwar, the Adventure Story, Religion, and Biology and Evolution. The six topic sections integrate original illustrations and photos, literary excerpts, and primary documents and historic writings that help contextualize the work. Thought-provoking ideas for class discussions and research topics, with carefully chosen further reading suggestions enhance this volume as a teaching tool.