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Journal articles on the topic 'Western Polynesia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Gosden, C., J. Allen, W. Ambrose, D. Anson, J. Golson, R. Green, P. Kirch, I. Lilley, J. Specht, and M. Spriggs. "Lapita sites of the Bismarck Archipelago." Antiquity 63, no. 240 (September 1989): 561–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00076559.

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The Lapita questionThe prehistory of the western Pacific has, for the last 30 years, been dominated by the problem of the origins of the present Polynesian and Melanesian cultures (Terrell 1988). In 1961 Golson drew attention to the distribution of highly decorated Lapita pottery, now known to date from between 3500 BP and 2000 BP, which crossed the present-day division between Melanesia and Polynesia. Furthermore, sites with Lapita pottery represented the first evidence of occupation on Tonga and Samoa, the most westerly Polynesian islands from which it was thought that the rest of Polynesia was colonized. Lapita pottery came to be associated with a movement of people from Melanesia to Polynesia and was seen to represent the founding group ancestral to later Polynesian groups.

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2

Kirch, P. V., T. L. Hunt, and Jason Tyler. "A Radiocarbon Sequence from the Toaga Site, Ofu Island, American Samoa." Radiocarbon 31, no. 1 (1989): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200044568.

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The Samoan Archipelago occupies a critical position for understanding the dispersal of early Austronesian-speaking peoples into the southwestern Pacific, including the initial colonization by humans of the Polynesian triangle. To date, the most easterly reported site of the Lapita cultural complex (Green, 1979; Kirch, 1984; Kirch & Hunt, 1988) is the Mulifanua site on Upolu Island, Western Samoa (Green & Davidson, 1974). Lapita colonists settled the larger, western Samoan Islands by the end of the second millennium bc. Archaeologic and linguistic evidence also suggest that the islands of Eastern Polynesia (eg, Marquesas, Society and Cook Islands) were settled, at least in part, from Samoa. However, the timing of this movement into Eastern Polynesia has not yet been dated to earlier than ca 150 bc on the basis of radiocarbon dating of cultural materials from the Marquesas Islands (Kirch, 1986; Ottino, 1985). This has raised the issue of whether there was a “long pause” between the settlement of Samoa (and the other islands of Western Polynesia, such as Tonga, Futuna, and ‘Uvea) and that of Eastern Polynesia (Irwin, 1981; Kirch, 1986; Terrell, 1986).

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3

KLAUTAU, MICHELLE, MATHEUS VIEIRA LOPES, BRUNA GUARABYRA, ERIC FOLCHER, MERRICK EKINS, and CÉCILE DEBITUS. "Calcareous sponges from the French Polynesia (Porifera: Calcarea)." Zootaxa 4748, no. 2 (March 6, 2020): 261–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4748.2.3.

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Although the French Polynesian reefs are among the most well studied reefs of the world, sponges are still poorly known, with only 199 species or OTUs of sponges having been described from French Polynesia, 167 at an OTU level and 32 at a species level. From those 199 species, just five are calcareous sponges. As it is possible that this number is underestimated, the aim of the present work was to study the diversity of calcareous sponges from French Polynesia. Hence, different French Polynesian archipelagos were surveyed by SCUBA from 3 to 60 m of depth. Identifications were performed using morphological and molecular (ITS and C-LSU) tools. We found a total of nine species of Calcarea, comprising five different genera. Five species are new to science: Clathrina fakaravae sp. nov., Clathrina huahineae sp. nov., Ernstia variabilis sp. nov., Leucascus digitiformis sp. nov., and Leucandra tahuatae sp. nov. With the present work, the number of identified sponges from French Polynesia at a species level increased from 32 to 41. The only calcareous sponge previously known from French Polynesia that was recollected by our group was Leucetta chagosensis. Our results suggest that the Eastern Indo-Pacific Realm shows more affinity with the Central and the Western Indo-Pacific Realms. Four species supported these affinities: Ascandra cf. crewsi, previously known only from Papua New Guinea, Leucascus simplex from South Australia, and Leucetta chagosensis and L. microraphis, both widespread species in the Indo-Pacific. These two Leucetta species, however, most likely represent species complexes. Once again the molecular markers ITS and C-LSU helped in the identification of calcareous sponges, showing how important is an integrative taxonomy. Although our work has increased in 250% (6 spp to 15 spp) the diversity of calcareous sponges in French Polynesia, it is most possible that this number is still underestimated.

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4

DAVIDSON, JANET. "Western Polynesia and Fiji: The Archaeological Evidence." Mankind 11, no. 3 (May 13, 2010): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1978.tb00667.x.

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5

SMITH, TOM. "ISLANDERS, PROTESTANT MISSIONARIES, AND TRADITIONS REGARDING THE PAST IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY POLYNESIA." Historical Journal 60, no. 1 (August 4, 2016): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x16000157.

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ABSTRACTIn this article, I consider Polynesian genealogies, which took the form of epic poems composed and recited by specialist genealogists, and were handed down orally through generations of Polynesians. Some were written down in the nineteenth century, reaching an English-speaking audience through a number of works largely neglected by historians. In recent years, some anthropologists have downplayed the possibility of learning anything significant about Polynesian thought through English-language sources, but I show that there is still fresh historical insight to be gained in demonstrating how genealogies came to interact with the traditions of outsiders in the nineteenth century. While not seeking to make any absolute claims about genealogy itself, I analyse a wide body of English-language literature, relating chiefly to Hawai‘i, and see emerging from it suggestions of a dynamic Polynesian oral tradition responsive to political, social, and religious upheaval. Tellingly, Protestant missionaries arriving in the islands set their own view of history against this supposedly irrelevant tradition, and in doing so disagreed with late nineteenth-century European and American colonists and scholars who sought to emphasize the historical significance of genealogy. Thus, Western ideas about history found themselves confounded and fragmented by Polynesian traditions.

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6

F. Recher, H. "Guide to the Birds of Fiji and Western Polynesia." Pacific Conservation Biology 9, no. 3 (2003): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030234.

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FEW taxa have suffered at the expansion of humanity to the extent of the birds of Pacific Islands. Of the 130 or so birds to become extinct as a consequence of European exploration and colonization of the Pacific, most were island birds and most were flightless rails. Not so well understood is the scale of extinctions that accompanied pre-European colonization of the Pacific islands. Only now is the paleontological record revealing the richness of the lost Pacific avifauna much of which can be put on a par with the loss of moas from New Zealand and the Dodo Raphus cucullatus from Mauritius in the Indian Ocean.

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7

Meehan, Hayley J., Kim R. McConkey, and Donald R. Drake. "Potential disruptions to seed dispersal mutualisms in Tonga, Western Polynesia." Journal of Biogeography 29, no. 5-6 (May 2002): 695–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00718.x.

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8

MONNIOT, F., and C. MONNIOT. "A deep water Ascidia (Ascidiidae, Tunicata) from the tropical western Pacific." Zootaxa 1168, no. 1 (April 6, 2006): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1168.1.4.

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A single, solitary, free living ascidian, Ascidia alisea sp.nov., collected from a sandy substrate on the Austral Ridge (Polynesia) between 120 and 203 meters depth, is ovoid with a layer of sandy debris adhering to the tunic and has distinctive body muscles and neural area and an unusual course of its vas deferens.

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9

Pugach, Irina, Alexander Hübner, Hsiao-chun Hung, Matthias Meyer, Mike T. Carson, and Mark Stoneking. "Ancient DNA from Guam and the peopling of the Pacific." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): e2022112118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022112118.

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Humans reached the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific by ∼3,500 y ago, contemporaneous with or even earlier than the initial peopling of Polynesia. They crossed more than 2,000 km of open ocean to get there, whereas voyages of similar length did not occur anywhere else until more than 2,000 y later. Yet, the settlement of Polynesia has received far more attention than the settlement of the Marianas. There is uncertainty over both the origin of the first colonizers of the Marianas (with different lines of evidence suggesting variously the Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, or the Bismarck Archipelago) as well as what, if any, relationship they might have had with the first colonizers of Polynesia. To address these questions, we obtained ancient DNA data from two skeletons from the Ritidian Beach Cave Site in northern Guam, dating to ∼2,200 y ago. Analyses of complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequences and genome-wide SNP data strongly support ancestry from the Philippines, in agreement with some interpretations of the linguistic and archaeological evidence, but in contradiction to results based on computer simulations of sea voyaging. We also find a close link between the ancient Guam skeletons and early Lapita individuals from Vanuatu and Tonga, suggesting that the Marianas and Polynesia were colonized from the same source population, and raising the possibility that the Marianas played a role in the eventual settlement of Polynesia.

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10

Steadman, David W. "Guide to the Birds of Fiji and Western Polynesia Dick Watling." Auk 119, no. 4 (October 2002): 1209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4090256.

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11

McConkey, Kim R., Hayley J. Meehan, and Donald R. Drake. "Seed dispersal by Pacific Pigeons (Ducula pacifica) in Tonga, Western Polynesia." Emu - Austral Ornithology 104, no. 4 (December 2004): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu03060.

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12

Burley, David V. "As a prescription to rule: the royal tomb of Mala'e Lahi and 19th-century Tongan kingship." Antiquity 68, no. 260 (September 1994): 504–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00047013.

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The tangled dynastic history of Tonga, celebrated kingdom of western Polynesia, offers a rare chance to study the place of monumental burial-places in a chieftains’ society. Disentangling the story, at a remove of not many centuries, is not a simple business.

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13

Burley, David V., and Sean P. Connaughton. "First Lapita Settlement and its Chronology in Vava'u, Kingdom of Tonga." Radiocarbon 49, no. 1 (2007): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200041965.

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Beginning approximately cal 1400 BC, Austronesian-speaking Lapita peoples began a colonizing migration across Oceania from the Bismarck Archipelago to western Polynesia. The first point of entry into Polynesia occurred on the island of Tongatapu in Tonga with subsequent spread northward to Samoa along a natural sailing corridor. Radiocarbon measurements from recent excavations at 4 sites in the northern Vava'u islands of Tonga provide a chronology for the final stage of this diaspora. These dates indicate that the northern expansion was almost immediate, that a paucity of Lapita sites to the north cannot be explained as a result of lag time in the settlement process, and that decorated Lapita ceramics disappeared rapidly after first landfalls.

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14

Chester, Pamela Isabel. "Transitions between hunter-gatherer and agro-pastoralists: data from south-western Polynesia." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.07.385.

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15

Rigby, Mark C., John C. Holmes, Thomas H. Cribb, and Serge Morand. "Patterns of species diversity in the gastrointestinal helminths of a coral reef fish, Epinephelus merra (Serranidae), from French Polynesia and the South Pacific Ocean." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 1818–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-811.

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Large-scale patterns of species diversity in the gastrointestinal helminth faunas of the coral reef fish Epinephelus merra (Serranidae) were investigated in French Polynesia and the South Pacific Ocean. The richer barrier reef community in French Polynesia supported richer parasite communities in E. merra than that on the fringing reef. While parasite communities among fish from the same archipelago were similar, differences in potential host species and the distance between archipelagos may have contributed to a qualitative difference in parasite communities between archipelagos. Digenean community diversity in coral reef fishes was greater in the western South Pacific, following similar patterns in free-living species. However, overall species diversity of camallanid nematodes of coral reef fishes does not appear to have been similarly affected.

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16

ANKER, ARTHUR. "The mud-shrimp genus Axianassa Schmitt, 1924 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Axianassidae) in the Indo-West Pacific, with description of a new species from French Polynesia." Zootaxa 2557, no. 1 (August 3, 2010): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2557.1.5.

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A new species of the mud-shrimp genus Axianassa Schmitt, 1924 is described based on four specimens collected in a muddy near-shore area inside the Moorea lagoon, Society Islands, French Polynesia. Axianassa ngochoae n. sp. constitutes the first Indo-West Pacific record of this genus, previously known only from the western and eastern coasts of the Americas. A key to all species of Axianassa is provided.

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17

Winder, Gordon M. "The ocean in excess: Connecting with the cosmos in European geography and encountering Polynesian ontological perspectives." Dialogues in Human Geography 9, no. 3 (October 4, 2019): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820619878572.

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In welcoming this addition to Peters and Steinberg’s insights on water, seas and oceans and their ontological implications this paper asks about connections with cosmos thinking in geography, and with learning with those with non-Western perspectives, for instance from Polynesia. It asks whether the ‘frames’ of understanding Peters and Steinberg seek can come from Geography, and what new forms of representation are needed?

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18

NG, PETER K. L., and COLIN L. MCLAY. "Metadynomene tuamotu, a new species of dynomenid crab from French Polynesia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)." Zootaxa 2405, no. 1 (March 22, 2010): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2405.1.2.

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A large dynomenid specimen from the Tuamotu Archipelago previously thought to belong to Metadynomene tanensis (Yokoya, 1933) is shown to be a new species, M. tuamotu sp. nov. Metadynomene tanensis is a widespread Western Pacific species occurring from Japan to New Zealand; while M. tuamotu sp. nov. joins M. devaneyi (Takeda, 1977) as the second species of this genus known from French Polynesia. A key to the genus is provided.

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19

Ragone, Diane. "ISOZYME VARIATION IN PACIFIC ISLAND CULTIVARS OF BREADFRUIT." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1153G—1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1153.

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150 accessions of breadfruit [Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg and A. mariannensis Trècul] and interspecific hybrids from 18 Pacific island groups were analyzed for isozyme variation. Six enzyme systems (ACO, ADH, IDH, MDH, ME, PGM) produced well-resolved bands Each accession was scored for presence or absence of bands for each enzyme system. Breadfruit is clonally propagated and numerous diploid and triploid cultivars are grown in the Pacific islands. Diploid cultivars of A. altilis from Melanesia and western Polynesia showed the highest variation. Few diploid cultivars were found in eastern Polynesia. Seedless, triploid cultivars showed identical banding patterns for all enzyme systems. The narrow genetic variation in triploid cultivars indicates that they are the result of repeated vegetative propagation of a naturally occurring triploid. In contrast, these cultivars exhibit great morphological variation due to somatic mutation, maintained through human selection. A. mariannensis and hybrid cultivars showed greater variation and were identifiable by unique banding patterns for ADH and MDH.

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20

Ragone, Diane. "ISOZYME VARIATION IN PACIFIC ISLAND CULTIVARS OF BREADFRUIT." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1153g—1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1153g.

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150 accessions of breadfruit [Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg and A. mariannensis Trècul] and interspecific hybrids from 18 Pacific island groups were analyzed for isozyme variation. Six enzyme systems (ACO, ADH, IDH, MDH, ME, PGM) produced well-resolved bands Each accession was scored for presence or absence of bands for each enzyme system. Breadfruit is clonally propagated and numerous diploid and triploid cultivars are grown in the Pacific islands. Diploid cultivars of A. altilis from Melanesia and western Polynesia showed the highest variation. Few diploid cultivars were found in eastern Polynesia. Seedless, triploid cultivars showed identical banding patterns for all enzyme systems. The narrow genetic variation in triploid cultivars indicates that they are the result of repeated vegetative propagation of a naturally occurring triploid. In contrast, these cultivars exhibit great morphological variation due to somatic mutation, maintained through human selection. A. mariannensis and hybrid cultivars showed greater variation and were identifiable by unique banding patterns for ADH and MDH.

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21

Blust, Robert. "The Austronesian Homeland and Dispersal." Annual Review of Linguistics 5, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 417–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011718-012440.

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The Austronesian language family is the second largest on Earth in number of languages, and was the largest in geographical extent before the European colonial expansions of the past five centuries. This alone makes the determination of its homeland a research question of the first order. There is now near-universal agreement among both linguists and archaeologists that the Austronesian expansion began from Taiwan, somewhat more than a millennium after it was settled by Neolithic rice and millet farmers from Southeast China. The first “long pause,” between the settlement of Taiwan and of the northern Philippines, may have been due to inadequate sailing technology, an obstacle that was overcome by the invention of the outrigger canoe complex. The second “long pause,” between the settlement of Fiji–Western Polynesia and of the rest of Triangle Polynesia, may also have been due to inadequate sailing technology, an obstacle that was overcome by the invention of the double-hulled canoe.

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22

McGree, Simon, Nicholas Herold, Lisa Alexander, Sergei Schreider, Yuriy Kuleshov, Elifaleti Ene, Selu Finaulahi, et al. "Recent Changes in Mean and Extreme Temperature and Precipitation in the Western Pacific Islands." Journal of Climate 32, no. 16 (July 16, 2019): 4919–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0748.1.

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Abstract Trends in mean and extreme annual and seasonal temperature and precipitation over the 1951–2015 period were calculated for 57 stations in 20 western Pacific Ocean island countries and territories. The extremes indices are those of the World Meteorological Organization Expert Team on Sector-Specific Climate Indices. The purpose of the expert team and indices is to promote the use of globally consistent climate indices to highlight variability and trends in climate extremes that are of particular interest to socioeconomic sectors and to help to characterize the climate sensitivity of various sectors. Prior to the calculation of the monthly means and indices, the data underwent quality control and homogeneity assessment. A rise in mean temperature occurred at most stations, in all seasons, and in both halves of the study period. The temperature indices also showed strong warming, which for the majority was strongest in December–February and weakest in June–August. The absolute and percentile-based indices show the greatest warming at the upper end of the distribution. While changes in precipitation were less consistent and trends were generally weak at most locations, declines in both total and extreme precipitation were found in southwestern French Polynesia and the southern subtropics. There was a decrease in moderate- to high-intensity precipitation events, especially those experienced over multiple days, in southwestern French Polynesia from December to February. Strong drying trends have also been identified in the low- to moderate-extreme indices in the June–August and September–November periods. These negative trends contributed to an increase in the magnitude of meteorological drought in both subregions.

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23

ACHITUV, YAIR, and YAAKOV LANGZAM. "Two new species of Trevathana (Crustacea, Cirripedia, Balanomorpha, Pyrgomatidae) from the Western Indian Ocean and French Polynesia." Zootaxa 2116, no. 1 (May 25, 2009): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2116.1.2.

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Two new species of the Pyrgomatid barnacle Trevathana are described: Trevathana synthesysae nov. sp., extracted from Plesiastrea versipora from the Indian Ocean Islands Réunion and Mauritius, and Trevathana isfae nov. sp. from a colony of Favia stelligera from French Polynesia, which, until recently, was terra incognita with regard to coral-inhabiting barnacles. The two new species are distinctive by their relatively broad scutum as compared to Trevathana dentatum, their prominent adductor ridge extending beyond the basal margin of the scutum, and their quadrangular tergum.

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24

Franklin, Janet, Susan K. Wiser, Donald R. Drake, Larry E. Burrows, and William R. Sykes. "Environment, disturbance history and rain forest composition across the islands of Tonga, Western Polynesia." Journal of Vegetation Science 17, no. 2 (February 24, 2006): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2006.tb02442.x.

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25

MEEHAN, HAYLEY J., KIM R. MCCONKEY, and DONALD R. DRAKE. "Early fate of Myristica hypargyraea seeds dispersed by Ducula pacifica in Tonga, Western Polynesia." Austral Ecology 30, no. 4 (June 2005): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01479.x.

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26

Aldrich, Robert. "The Decolonisation of the Pacific Islands." Itinerario 24, no. 3-4 (November 2000): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300014558.

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At the end of the Second World War, the islands of Polynesia, Melanesia and Micronesia were all under foreign control. The Netherlands retained West New Guinea even while control of the rest of the Dutch East Indies slipped away, while on the other side of the South Pacific, Chile held Easter Island. Pitcairn, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Fiji and the Solomon Islands comprised Britain's Oceanic empire, in addition to informal overlordship of Tonga. France claimed New Caledonia, the French Establishments in Oceania (soon renamed French Polynesia) and Wallis and Futuna. The New Hebrides remained an Anglo-French condominium; Britain, Australia and New Zealand jointly administered Nauru. The United States' territories included older possessions – the Hawaiian islands, American Samoa and Guam – and the former Japanese colonies of the Northern Marianas, Mar-shall Islands and Caroline Islands administered as a United Nations trust territory. Australia controlled Papua and New Guinea (PNG), as well as islands in the Torres Strait and Norfolk Island; New Zealand had Western Samoa, the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau. No island group in Oceania, other than New Zealand, was independent.

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27

Franklin, Janet, and Sergio J. Rey. "Spatial patterns of tropical forest trees in Western Polynesia suggest recruitment limitations during secondary succession." Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003774.

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Spatial analysis can be used to relate the patterns of tree species to their regeneration syndromes – pioneer to late-successional – and is a first step in refining hypotheses about the species traits and biotic and abiotic factors that give rise to forest community dynamics. This study examines the spatial pattern of the most abundant trees in three 0.45-ha plots in species-poor lowland rain forests on oceanic islands in Tonga, Western Polynesia, that experience frequent natural disturbance and have a 3000-y history of shifting cultivation. We contrast secondary vs. remnant late-successional forest, with particular attention paid to the spatial dispersion and clustering of tree species, and the presence of spatial dependence in the density of seedlings and saplings. Shade-tolerant species were not strongly clustered at any scale. They did not appear to be dispersal limited, in late successional forest, and only some showed patterns consistent with density-dependent mortality (more clumped when small). Shade-tolerant species were more clumped in secondary forest, and may be dispersal-limited there because vertebrate dispersers prefer primary forest. Shade-intolerant species were clumped in gaps in late-successional forest, but some were also clumped in secondary forest, indicating that they too may be dispersal limited during secondary succession. We also compared the species composition of seedlings and saplings in the centre of plots with trees in the surrounding area and inferred that active dispersal (by vertebrate frugivores) contributed as much as 50% to site species richness.

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Bedford, Stuart, Matthew Spriggs, and Ralph Regenvanu. "The Teouma Lapita site and the early human settlement of the Pacific Islands." Antiquity 80, no. 310 (December 1, 2006): 812–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00094448.

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The Teouma site, on Efate in central Vanuatu, was uncovered during quarrying in 2003 and has proved to be one of the most significant discoveries to date for the colonisation of Remote Oceania. Not only did it bring to light a fine assemblage of the famously diagnostic Lapita ceramics, but a cemetery of more than 25 individuals along with the pots. The skeletons offer an opportunity to investigate the origins of the ‘Lapita people’ who first appeared in the Bismarck archipelago around 3300 years ago and rapidly moved through island Melanesia and Western Polynesia over the next few centuries.

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29

MALAY, MARIA CELIA (MACHEL) D., TOMOYUKI KOMAI, and TIN-YAM CHAN. "A new cryptic species in the “Calcinus anani Poupin & McLaughlin, 1998” species complex (Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae): evidence from colouration and molecular genetics." Zootaxa 3367, no. 1 (July 4, 2012): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3367.1.16.

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A new species of Calcinus is described from western Pacific material, including specimens previously identified as Cal-cinus anani Poupin & McLaughlin, 1998. The new species C. fuscus n. sp. differs from C. anani in the colouration in life,and their specific distinction is genetically supported by the barcoding gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI). The two speciesalso have different geographic distributions, with C. fuscus n. sp. ranging from Japan to the Philippines, Papua New Guin-ea, and New Caledonia, while C. anani is restricted to French Polynesia. Moreover C. fuscus n. sp. is found at shallower depths than its sister species C. anani.

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Pearl, Frederic B., and William A. Sauck. "Geophysical and Geoarchaeological Investigations at Aganoa Beach, American Samoa: An Early Archaeological Site in Western Polynesia." Geoarchaeology 29, no. 6 (September 19, 2014): 462–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.21491.

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31

Carroll, A. G., P. L. Harrison, and M. Adjeroud. "Susceptibility of coral assemblages to successive bleaching events at Moorea, French Polynesia." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 4 (2017): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15134.

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In 2002, bleaching was reported throughout many Indo-Pacific coral-reef regions, including French Polynesia. Bleaching occurred again in French Polynesia in 2003, providing an opportunity to compare the effects of successive bleaching events on coral susceptibility. During 2002 and 2003, underwater video surveys were completed in stations at four depths (lagoon: 0–2, 2–4m; outer reef slope: 6–8, 12–14m) at two locations on the northern and north-western coast of Moorea (Society Archipelago) to compare the cover of healthy-appearing, the cover of partially bleached and the cover of fully bleached coral. Bleaching patterns were genus specific and differences in susceptibility among major genera were generally consistent between 2002 and 2003, with Acropora showing the greatest susceptibility. Some genera exhibited substantial spatial variability in bleaching susceptibility between years (e.g. Pocillopora, Montipora); however, this variability was significant only for fully bleached and partially bleached Acropora. Multivariate analyses showed that spatial patterns in the proportion of healthy-appearing coral were similar over time within the assemblages, whereas the cover of partially bleached and the cover of fully bleached coral were more variable among depths and locations. This variability has important implications for assessing changes to coral community structure over time and for estimating coral-reef resistance and resilience to future bleaching disturbance.

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Wiser, Susan K., Donald R. Drake, Larry E. Burrows, and William R. Sykes. "The potential for long-term persistence of forest fragments on Tongatapu, a large island in western Polynesia." Journal of Biogeography 29, no. 5-6 (May 2002): 767–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00723.x.

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KIRCHMAN, JEREMY J., and DAVID W. STEADMAN. "Rails (Rallidae: Gallirallus) from prehistoric archaeological sites in Western Oceania." Zootaxa 1316, no. 1 (September 18, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1316.1.1.

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We evaluate the species-level systematics of 1336 bones of Gallirallus (Aves: Rallidae) from Pleistocene and Holocene archaeological sites in the Mariana Islands (Micronesia) and the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands (Melanesia) and describe four new species. In the Marianas, sites on Rota, Aguiguan, Tinian, and Saipan have yielded 15, 219, 1047, and 16 bones, respectively, that we refer to Gallirallus. We describe the bones from three islands as the new species G. temptatus (Rota), G. pisonii (Aguiguan), and G. pendiculentus (Tinian). Each species is presumed endemic to each island and probably evolved from colonizations by extant, volant G. philippensis. They vary in the reduction of pectoral and wing elements relative to leg elements, and thus in their degree of flightlessness. The limited material from Saipan we cannot distinguish reliably from that of G. philippensis, which is widespread in Melanesia and Polynesia but occurs today in Micronesia only on Palau. Twenty-one fragmentary bones of Gallirallus from four Pleistocene cave sites on New Ireland (Bismarcks) are described as a new, possibly flightless species, G. ernstmayri. One Pleistocene cave site on Buka (Solomons) revealed 18 specimens that we refer to Gallirallus woodfordi and G. rovianae, which occur today in the Solomons. These descriptions of rail bones from Western Oceania bring the total number of fossil (prehistorically extinct) Gallirallus species to eleven.

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34

Freeman, Derek. "Margaret Mead's Coming of Age in Samoa and Boasian Culturalism." Politics and the Life Sciences 19, no. 1 (March 2000): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400008947.

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The history of Margaret Mead's Samoan research is an important anthropological issue. In 1925, Franz Boas, “the father of American anthropology,” faced by what he called “the difficulty of telling what part of our behavior is socially determined and what is generally human,” arranged for his 23-year-old-student, Margaret Mead, to go to Samoa in Western Polynesia. Her task was to obtain, under his direction, an answer to “the problem of which phenomena of adolescence are culturally and which physiologically determined.” In 1928, in Coming of Age in Samoa, after a woefully inadequate period of fieldwork, Mead concluded, unreservedly, that the phenomena of adolescence are due not to physiology, but to “the social environment.”

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35

Shankman, Paul. ""First Contacts" in Polynesia: The Samoan Case (1722-1848); Western Misunderstandings about Sexuality and Divinity (review)." Contemporary Pacific 19, no. 1 (2007): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2007.0034.

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Clunie, Fergus. "Tongiaki to Kalia: The Micronesian-rigged voyaging-canoes of Fiji and Western Polynesia and their Tangaloan-rigged forebear." Journal of the Polynesian Society 124, no. 4 (December 2015): 335–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.15286/jps.124.4.335-418.

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WINTERHOFF, E. QUENT, JOAN A. WOZNIAK, WILLIAM S. AYRES, and ERIK LASH. "Intra-island source variability on Tutuila, American Samoa and prehistoric basalt adze exchange in Western Polynesia-Island Melanesia." Archaeology in Oceania 42, no. 2 (July 2007): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.2007.tb00017.x.

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38

Barker, Judith C. "On the road to health? Road traffic accidents in Pacific societies: The case of Niue Island, western Polynesia." American Journal of Human Biology 5, no. 1 (1993): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.1310050110.

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39

Bellwood, Peter, and Peter Koon. "‘Lapita colonists leave boats unburned!’ The question of Lapita links with Island Southeast Asia." Antiquity 63, no. 240 (September 1989): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00076572.

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‘Not another trendy and incomprehensible title,’ some will sigh. No, the title means what it states, albeit with metaphorical flourish. The Lapita cultural complex of Melanesia and western Polynesia, an entity beloved of a generation of Pacific prehistorians and ever a hot source of debate, can now be shown to have retained at least some links with contemporary populations far to the west of its known distribution. This is significant, not least because some scholars identify the immediate source zone for Lapita as having existed somewhere in the islands of Southeast Asia. At the same time, the obsidian quarried by Lapita artisans from Talasea on the Melanesian island of New Britain can be shown to have been among the most far-traded commodities of the Neolithic world.

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Skelly, Robert, Bruno David, Fiona Petchey, and Matthew Leavesley. "Tracking ancient beach-lines inland: 2600-year-old dentate-stamped ceramics at Hopo, Vailala River region, Papua New Guinea." Antiquity 88, no. 340 (June 1, 2014): 470–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00101127.

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The Lapita expansion took Austronesian seafaring peoples with distinctive pottery eastward from the Bismarck Archipelago to western Polynesia during the late second millennium BC, marking the first stage in the settlement of Oceania. Here it is shown that a parallel process also carried Lapita pottery and people many hundreds of kilometres westward along the southern shore of Papua New Guinea. The key site is Hopo, now 4.5km inland owing to the progradation of coastal sand dunes, but originally on the sea edge. Pottery and radiocarbon dates indicate Lapita settlement in this location c. 600 BC, and suggest that the long-distance maritime networks linking the entire southern coast of Papua New Guinea in historical times may trace their origin to this period.

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Sear, David A., Melinda S. Allen, Jonathan D. Hassall, Ashley E. Maloney, Peter G. Langdon, Alex E. Morrison, Andrew C. G. Henderson, et al. "Human settlement of East Polynesia earlier, incremental, and coincident with prolonged South Pacific drought." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 16 (April 6, 2020): 8813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920975117.

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The timing of human colonization of East Polynesia, a vast area lying between Hawai‘i, Rapa Nui, and New Zealand, is much debated and the underlying causes of this great migration have been enigmatic. Our study generates evidence for human dispersal into eastern Polynesia from islands to the west from around AD 900 and contemporaneous paleoclimate data from the likely source region. Lake cores from Atiu, Southern Cook Islands (SCIs) register evidence of pig and/or human occupation on a virgin landscape at this time, followed by changes in lake carbon around AD 1000 and significant anthropogenic disturbance from c. AD 1100. The broader paleoclimate context of these early voyages of exploration are derived from the Atiu lake core and complemented by additional lake cores from Samoa (directly west) and Vanuatu (southwest) and published hydroclimate proxies from the Society Islands (northeast) and Kiribati (north). Algal lipid and leaf wax biomarkers allow for comparisons of changing hydroclimate conditions across the region before, during, and after human arrival in the SCIs. The evidence indicates a prolonged drought in the likely western source region for these colonists, lasting c. 200 to 400 y, contemporaneous with the phasing of human dispersal into the Pacific. We propose that drying climate, coupled with documented social pressures and societal developments, instigated initial eastward exploration, resulting in SCI landfall(s) and return voyaging, with colonization a century or two later. This incremental settlement process likely involved the accumulation of critical maritime knowledge over several generations.

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Frengs, Julia L. "Anticolonial ecofeminisms: Women’s environmental literature in French-speaking Oceania." French Cultural Studies 31, no. 4 (October 22, 2020): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155820961644.

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This article considers Oceanian women’s literature of French-expression through an ecofeminist, anticolonial lens, or through what will be termed an ‘Oceanian ecofeminist approach’. Keeping in mind Oceanian epistemological frameworks, the article examines the literary engagements of Déwé Gorodé and Imasango from Kanaky/New Caledonia and of Chantal Spitz and Rai Chaze from Te Ao Mā’ohi/French Polynesia. This article argues that while these engagements may not always resemble a Western ecofeminism, it is critical to consider Oceanian women’s voices in the ever-evolving dialogue on environmental justice and Indigenous women’s place in environmental literature, as Oceania is on the front lines of the climate crisis. These authors address the effects of settler colonialism not only on the environment, but also on the gendered socioeconomic dynamics of the Oceanian region.

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Tobias-Smith, Heidi. "Book Review:Russia and the South Pacific, 1696–1840. Vol. 2: Southern and Eastern Polynesia, Russia and the South Pacific, 1696–1840. Vol. 3: Melanesia and the Western Polynesian Fringe." International Journal of Maritime History 4, no. 2 (December 1992): 308–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387149200400218.

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44

Amadéo, Stéphane, Moerani Rereao, Aurelia Malogne, Patrick Favro, Ngoc Lam Nguyen, Louis Jehel, Allison Milner, Kairi Kolves, and Diego De Leo. "Testing brief intervention and phone contact among subjects with suicidal behavior: a randomized controlled trial in French Polynesia in the frames of the World Health Organization/Suicide Trends in At-Risk Territories study." Mental Illness 7, no. 2 (September 30, 2015): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi.2015.5818.

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The World Health Organization Suicide trends in at-risk territories study is a multi-site regional research program operating first in French Polynesia and countries of the Western Pacific, then extended to the world. The aims of the study were to establish a monitoring system for suicidal behaviors and to conduct a randomised control trial intervention for non-fatal suicidal behaviors. The latter part is the purpose of the present article. Over the period 2008-2010, 515 patients were admitted at the Emergency Department of the Centre Hospitalier de Polynésie Française for suicidal behavior. Those then hospitalized in the Psychiatry Emergency Unit were asked to be involved in the study and randomly allocated to either Treatment As Usual (TAU) or TAU plus Brief Intervention and Contact (BIC), which provides a psycho-education session and a follow-up of 9 phone contacts over an 18-months period. One hundred persons were assigned to TAU, while 100 participants were allocated to the BIC group. At the end of the follow-up there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of number of presentations to the hospital for repeated suicidal behaviors. Although the study could not demonstrate the superiority of a treatment over the other, nevertheless – given its importance – the investigation captured public attention and was able to contribute to the awareness of the need of suicide prevention in French Polynesia. The BIC model of intervention seemed to particularly suit the geographical and health care context of the country.

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45

Armstrong, Robin. "Time to Face the Music: Musical Colonization and Appropriation in Disney’s Moana." Social Sciences 7, no. 7 (July 13, 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7070113.

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Despite Disney’s presentation of Moana as a culturally accurate portrayal of Polynesian culture, the film suffers from Western ethnocentrism, specifically in its music. This assertion is at odds with marketing of Moana that emphasized respect for and consultation with Polynesians whose expertise was heralded to validate the film’s music as culturally authentic. While the composers do, in fact, use Polynesian musical traits, they frame the sounds that are unfamiliar within those that are familiar by wrapping them with Western musical characteristics. When the audience does hear Polynesian music throughout the film, the first and last sounds they hear are Western music, not Polynesian. As such, the audience hears Polynesian sounds meld into and then become the music that defines a typical American film. Thus, regardless of Disney’s employment of Polynesian musicians, the music of Moana remains in the rigid control of non-Polynesian American composers. Rather than break new ground, Moana illustrates a musical recapitulation of white men’s control and marketing of the representations of marginalized people. Moana’s music is subject to appropriation, an echo of how colonial resources were exploited in ways that prioritize benefits to cultural outsiders.

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KOMAI, TOMOYUKI, and ARTHUR ANKER. "A new species of the axiid shrimp genus Manaxius Kensley, 2003 (Decapoda: Axiidea) from shallow coral reefs of the western Pacific." Zootaxa 4858, no. 4 (October 2, 2020): 507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4858.4.2.

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Manaxius paullus, a new species of axiid burrowing shrimp, is described on the basis of a female holotype from the Society Islands, French Polynesia, and a female paratype from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Both specimens were collected on shallow coral reefs. The new species is morphologically closest to five of 17 congeners, viz., M. euophthalmus (de Man, 1905), M. izuensis (Komai, 2011), M. mimasensis (Sakai, 1967), M. poupini (Komai, 2016) and M. supia Poore, 2020, but can be separated from all of them by the rostrum being relatively broad and with one pair of lateral spines, in addition to a pair of supraocular spines; the presence of a subdistal spine on the dorsal margin of the cheliped ischium; the presence of additional three or four small spines on each cheliped palm, adjacent to the dorsal margin; and the lack of a spine near the base of the fingers of each cheliped palm.

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47

Kirch, P. V., and T. L. Hunt. "Radiocarbon Dates from the Mussau Islands and the Lapita Colonization of the Southwestern Pacific." Radiocarbon 30, no. 2 (1988): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200044106.

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Three decades of archaeological excavations in Melanesia and Western Polynesia have led to a consensus among Oceanic prehistorians that the initial human colonization of the southwestern Pacific (east of the Solomons) was effected by populations of the Lapita Cultural Complex (Green, 1979; Kirch, 1982, 1984; Allen, 1984; Spriggs, 1984). Although the western Melanesian islands of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and possibly the Solomon Islands were settled in the late Pleistocene by small hunter-gatherer populations (Downie & White, 1979; Specht, Lilley & Normu, 1981; Groubeet al, 1986), discovery and occupation by humans of the more remote island chains to the east required sophisticated voyaging and colonization strategies. That the Austronesian-speaking Lapita people possessed long-distance voyaging craft is suggested both by lexical reconstructions, and by the archaeological evidence of long-distance transport of obsidian and other exotic materials over distances of up to 3700km (Ambrose & Green, 1972; Best, 1987). Lapita sites are marked by a distinctive complex of dentate-stamped earthenware ceramics, and associated shell, bone, and stone artifacts. Sites yielding such assemblages have been recorded between the Bismarck Archipelago in the west, through Melanesia, and as far east as Samoa and Tonga, a straight-line distance of ca 4500km.

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AHNELT, HARALD, and MICHAEL SAUBERER. "Deep-water, offshore, and new records of Schindler’s fishes, Schindleria (Teleostei, Gobiidae), from the Indo-west Pacific collected during the Dana-Expedition, 1928–1930." Zootaxa 4731, no. 4 (February 10, 2020): 451–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4731.4.1.

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Schindleria (Giltay (1934), Schindler’s fishes (or infantfishes), is a genus of small (< 22 mm) paedomorphic species of the family Gobiidae which mature extremely fast. These fishes occur from the eastern Pacific (Cocos Islands off Costa Rica, seamounts Nazca and Sala y Gómez) to the southwestern Indian Ocean (southeast Africa). Nevertheless, there is a large gap in the distributional area between the Philippines (western Pacific) and India/Sri Lanka (Central Indian Ocean) which spans nearly 5000 km. We present the first comprehensive documentation of published records of Schindleria together with samples collected during the Dana-Expedition, between 1928 and 1930 at 44 stations from Polynesia to southeast Africa, with 8 records from the western Pacific to the Central Indian Ocean. We present three first records, 18 new records and the southernmost record for the Indian Ocean. Although Schindler’s fishes were generally documented from or close to islands and reefs, we present 23 offshore records (at least 30 km distant to a shore or reef) and 27 deep-water records (at least 65 m deep). Records between 320 and 360 km offshore are the most extreme offshore records of Schindleria ever documented. The records from about 500- and 1000-m depths are the deepest ever documented for Schindler’s fishes.

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Andréfouët, Serge, Fabrice Ardhuin, Pierre Queffeulou, and Romain Le Gendre. "Island shadow effects and the wave climate of the Western Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia) inferred from altimetry and numerical model data." Marine Pollution Bulletin 65, no. 10-12 (2012): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.05.042.

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AN, JIANMEI, RURU CHEN, and GUSTAV PAULAY. "Three new species of abdominal shrimp parasites (Crustacea: Isopoda: Bopyridae: Hemiarthrinae) from the Indo-West Pacific." Zootaxa 4845, no. 2 (September 2, 2020): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4845.2.7.

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Three new species of the parasitic isopod subfamily Hemiarthrinae Markham, 1972 are described. Allodiplophryxus unilateralis n. sp. is described from Western Australia, infesting the palaemonid shrimp Jocaste lucina (Nobili, 1901), and females differ from the only other species in the genus in possessing six pleomeres, an asymmetrical first oostegite and pleopods restricted to the short side of the body. Loki athanus n. sp. is described from Madagascar, infesting the alpheid shrimp Athanas parvus de Man, 1910, and females differ from the only other species in the genus in possessing well-developed lateral plates on pleomere 4 and four pairs of uniramous pleopods. Hemiarthrus alphei n. sp. is described from French Polynesia, infesting the alpheid shrimp Alpheus crinitus Dana, 1852, and females differ from the four other known Hemiarthrus species in having pleomeres with well-developed, symmetrical lateral plates, a barbula with three pairs of projections and a pointed pleotelson. Keys to species of Hemiarthrus and all genera of the Hemiarthrinae are presented.

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