Relevant bibliographies by topics / Western individualism

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Western individualism'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Western individualism"

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Buss, Andreas. "The Evolution of Western Individualism." Religion 30, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/reli.1999.0227.

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Halapsis, Oleksy. "INDIVIDUALISM ALLOWED ACCESS." Politology bulletin, no. 80 (2018): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2018.80.35-45.

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The purpose of the article is to identified the origin and essence of Western individualism. Methods of research. I used the methodology of post-nonclassical metaphysics of history, as well as the methods of epistemological polytheism and com parative. Results. The first sprouts of individualism can be detected in Greek poleis. It is the crisis of the polis system in Ancient Greece that predetermined the disappointment of the Greeks in the old collectivist ideals. Roman collectivism quite naturally got along with ideas about civil liberties and the dignity of an individual citizen. The idea of citizenship was brought to the theoretical perfection by moving it beyond the boundaries of city walls. The Christian ideal is not a self-sufficient person, but the community of believers. It is the weakening of the church’s position and the strengthening of the influence of Antiquity that led to the formation of the Western style of thinking, which became the basis of the new European civilizational project. John Locke rethought the Hobbesian «Roman» theory of the social contract, thereby laying the foundations of liberalism, and hence of individualism. However, radically changing the hierarchical society, even the shaken revolution and the restoration of the Stuarts, no theoretical work could not. But in the New World, free from class barriers, Locke’s ideas found a much more fertile soil. Conclusions. The Western version of individualism emerges as a civilizational ideal at the junction of two completely different paradigms — the Ancient (Greek and Roman) and the Christian. Being present in the «body» of the West, individualism could not access its code. The latter was guarded by numerous barriers, among which the Catholic collectivism and the class divisions of hierarchical society were the most powerful guards. In American society, security barriers were significantly weaker, which allowed individualism to develop in the United States. Then American individualism returned to Europe and is now perceived as an integral element of Western civilization.
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Zaharna, R. S. "Western Assumptions in Non-Western Public Diplomacies: Individualism and Estrangement." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 14, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-14401073.

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Summary Recently, there has been a drive to rebalance public diplomacy scholarship from its predominantly Western origins. However, even as we diversify to non-Western studies, buried assumptions laid in public diplomacy’s foundation may still continue to restrict our view of public diplomacy as a global practice. This Forum essay critically examines two of those assumptions. First, ‘individualism’ — as an ideal of separate, bounded entities — fosters a tight focus on individual actors and action, while often overlooking relational and contextual dynamics. Second, ‘estrangement’ normalises the idea of separation and alienation, a proposition not shared by other traditions that recognise diversity but presupposes inter-connectedness and commonality. From relational and holistic perspectives, mediating diversity is not the same as ‘mediating estrangement’. The goal of exposing assumptions is to recognise their limitations and create space for more relational and holistic perspectives to expand our vision from West/non-West to a range of global public diplomacies.
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Brakensiek, S. "Agrarian Individualism in North-Western Germany, 1770-1870." German History 12, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 137–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/12.2.137.

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Brakensiek, S. "Agrarian Individualism in North-Western Germany, 1770-1870." German History 12, no. 2 (June 1, 1994): 137–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635549401200202.

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Roniger, Luis. "Cultural prisms, western individualism, and the Israeli case." Ethnos 59, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00141844.1994.9981488.

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Zhao, Sikong, and Ionut Untea. "Transcendentalism and Chinese Perceptions of Western Individualism and Spirituality." Religions 8, no. 8 (August 22, 2017): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel8080159.

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Andersen, Johannes, and Niels Nørgaard Kristensen. "Between Individualism and Community." Nordicom Review 27, no. 2 (November 1, 2006): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0231.

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Abstract Media consumption in Denmark as well as other western democracies seems to be in transition in several ways. Fewer people keep up with politics and societal developments. Still, on the other hand, people show considerable political confidence and belief in personal political skills as well as in possibilities for making a “difference”. Often this phenomenon is given a theoretical foundation in the notion of “reflexive individualization”. This chapter draws the contours of an emerging role of political citizenship and identity: The individualized citizen. Embodied here is a character which is highly engaged and interested in politics, but at the same time does not follow along with current events in the media. The media continues to play an important role as a central tie between laymen and political authorities but its status and functioning is changing and its decisive role in democracy might be in decay. The individualized citizen represents a subjectivization and individualization of the political. The awareness and the scope and horizon of political orientations and engagement is increasingly turned on towards personal interests - possibly resulting in an erosion of the public spirit or the common good. The final section of the chapter also discusses possible consequences of a gradual cut between political elites and ordinary citizens.
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Di Bernardo, Francesco. "Common Ground: Democracy and Collectivity in an Age of Individualism." Excursions Journal 5, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/exs.5.2014.201.

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Jeremy Gilbert’s new book is an intellectually compelling work which not only provides a detailed and rigorous account of the philosophical, cultural and historical formation of individualism in Western world and its latest developments under the aegis of neoliberal cultural hegemony, but most importantly seeks to envisage viable alternatives to both the hegemonic culture of competitive individualism and to conservative communitarianism.
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Carrithers, Michael. "Reconstructing Individualism: Autonomy, Individuality, and the Self in Western Thought.Thomas C. Heller , Morton Sosna , David E. Wellbery." American Journal of Sociology 93, no. 5 (March 1988): 1238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/228873.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Western individualism"

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Celtel, Andre. "Louis Dumont and the 'category of the individual' : a study in anthropological theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391011.

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Lagan, Attracta. "Interiority and exteriority in the workplace : an exploratory journey into the realm of personal, workplace and societal values as they impact on each other /." View thesis, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/46081.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2004.
A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, Education and Social Sciences, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies. Electronic version is also available at: http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/46081.
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Cooke, Tammera M. "Psychology’s Struggle To Locate a Moral Vision in a Value-Neutral Framework: A Hermeneutic Perspective on Standard 3.05 of the APA Ethics Code." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1515191120196378.

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Heath, Douglas R. "Long-Term Western Residents in Japan: Hidden Barriers to Acculturation." Scholarly Commons, 2017. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/234.

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This study explores the acculturation experiences of long-term Western residents in Japan using a broad intercultural studies approach. First, the historical context of Westerners coming to Japan is discussed. Next, literature from the field of intercultural studies is considered. This literature is used to provide a framework for analyzing Western sojourners’ acculturation experiences in Japan, as well as for choosing the research methods for conducting a qualitative analysis. The research involved interviewing 12 expatriates from English-speaking countries who have been in Japan for at least 10 years. Their acculturation experiences were analyzed, with a particular focus on finding hidden barriers to acculturation. The study concludes that numerous barriers to acculturation do exist. Commonly observable barriers included lack of employment security for some sojourners, and a poor fit between an individual’s personality and the host culture. These issues are applicable to anyone adapting to life in a different culture. However, this research also exposed a number of hidden barriers arguably unique to the Western sojourner’s acculturation experience in Japan. These barriers include the challenge of developing satisfying relationships with Japanese, due primarily to different expectations for psychological closeness and self-disclosure in Japan and the West. Another is the social effect of Othering, the centuries-old process where Japanese society divides things into those which are Japanese and those which are not, and the consequent empathy deficit that Japanese experience toward outsiders. The thesis concludes by offering recommendations for how long-term Western residents in Japan can improve their adaptation and acculturation experience. These include the obvious advantages of learning the Japanese language, and the less obvious benefits of learning and practicing mindful intercultural communication.
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Kaelber, Kara Young. "Empathy and Self-Construals: An Exploratory Study of Eastern and Western Master’s-Level Counseling Students." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1223092210.

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Grogan, Louise Anne. "Labour market transitions of individuals in Eastern and Western Europe." [Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Thela Thesis] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/56075.

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Weston, Nicolett Marie. "Identifying perceptions of health promotion barriers and benefits in individuals at risk for coronary heart disease." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/weston/WestonN0508.pdf.

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Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the single largest cause of death in the U.S., and is also the leading cause of death in Montana. In addition, the estimated direct and indirect costs of cardiovascular disease in the U.S. for 2007 were $431.8 billion. Anticipated barriers to health promotion behavior have been shown to affect intentions to engage in and execute the behaviors. Exploring individual\'s perception of the benefits of health promotion behaviors is equally important when addressing barriers to making lifestyle changes. CHD is strongly associated with modifiable risk factors including physical inactivity, poor diet, and tobacco use. Although CHD risk factors have been studied extensively, few studies have assessed individuals\' combined perceptions of barriers and benefits as reasons for non-adherence to recommended health promotion behaviors related to CHD risk and most of these studies included only women. The purpose of this research study was to examine perceived barriers and benefits to CHD risk modification in men and women living in a rural western state. Two survey tools were used to collect the data from a convenience sample of persons seen in the cardiac care areas at a local hospital in a rural western state. The findings of this study provided important information about the perceived barriers and benefits to CHD risk modification of persons previously diagnosed or at risk for CHD. Results from this study imply that in order to develop effective interventions, it is important to understand the individual and his or her unique characteristics including gender, socioeconomic status, and education level in relation to his or her perceived barriers and benefits to health promotion. Nurse practitioners and other primary care providers can incorporate this knowledge into future strategies to reduce or eliminate barriers, increase perceived benefits, and promote health promotion behaviors in individuals who are at risk for developing CHD. Advocating for health promotion behavior adoption and CHD risk modification offer a very important and practical tool for providers to help individuals address and lower risk factors as well as prevent CHD and treat individuals with established CHD.
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Joubert, Ninon. "The experience of individuals with Huntingtons disease in the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95976.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aim: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of individuals with Huntington’s disease (HD) in a South African context. The focus of the current study was not only on the challenges faced by individuals with HD, but also the resources/supports that help them cope with their neurological condition. Method: I conducted twelve semi-structured interviews with the participants and they transcribed verbatim. I then performed a thematic analysis. Results: Using Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological System’s Theory as the theoretical framework, several themes were identified that related to the participants’ experiences of living with HD. Challenges included: triad of symptoms, sleep problems, testing process, relationships, children, it’s a monster, employment, social support, partners and family members with HD, medical aid, life insurance, financial problems, lack of HD facilities, lack of understanding of HD, symptoms watching and the progression of HD. Several supports/resources were also identified and included: knowledge about HD, counselling, medication, coping, employment, social support, testing process, partners and family members with HD, medical aid, life insurance, cure, possible HD facilities, religion, grant and adaptation over time. Conclusion: This was the first study of this kind in a South African context, which set out to explore the experiences of individuals with HD in the Western Cape, South Africa. The findings from this study demonstrate that although these individuals with HD experience several challenges due to their debilitating condition, they also employ several resources to help them cope with HD. Lastly, the findings that emerged from this study contribute to raising awareness about the experiences of these individuals living with HD and could serve as a valuable foundation for tailor-made interventions for these unique individuals.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doel: Die doel van hierdie kwalitatiewe studie was om die ervaringe van individue met Huntington se siekte (HS) in 'n Suid-Afrikaanse konteks te verken. Die fokus van die huidige studie het verband gehou nie net met die uitdagings wat deur individue met HS ervaar word, maar ook die hulpbronne / ondersteuning wat hulp verleen met hulle neurologiese toestand om dit te beter te hanteer. Metode: Ek het twaalf semi- gestruktureerde onderhoude met die deelnemers gevoer en woordeliks getranskribeer , waarna tematiese analise uitgevoer is. Resultate: Met behulp van Bronfenbrenner se Ekologiese Sisteem Teorie as die teoretiese raamwerk , is verskeie temas wat verband hou met die deelnemers se ervarings van die lewe met HD geïdentifiseer. Uitdagings sluit in: drietal van die simptome, slaap probleme, toets-proses, verhoudings, kinders, dit is 'n monster, indiensneming, sosiale ondersteuning, metgeselle en familie-lede met HD, mediese fonds , lewensversekering, finansiële probleme, die gebrek aan HD fasiliteite, 'n gebrek aan begrip van HD, dophou van simptome en die vordering van HD. Verskeie ondersteuning / hulpbronne is ook geïdentifiseer en sluit in: kennis oor HD, berading, medisyne, hantering, werk, sosiale ondersteuning, toetsproses, vennote en familie -lede met HD, mediese fonds, lewensversekering, genesing, moontlike HD fasiliteite , godsdiens, staats-toelaag en aanpassing oor tyd. Gevolgtrekking: Dit was die eerste studie van hierdie aard in 'n Suid-Afrikaanse konteks wat die ervarings van individue met HD in die Wes-Kaap , Suid-Afrika uiteensit. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie toon dat, alhoewel hierdie individue met HD verskeie uitdagings as gevolg van hul aftakenlende toestand ondervind, is daar ook 'n paar hulpbronne in plek om hulle met die hantering van hierdie neurologiese toestand te help. Laastens , die bevindinge uit hierdie studie dra by tot die verhoging van bewustheid oor die ervarings van hierdie individue wat met HD lewe en kan as 'n waardevolle fondament vir pasgemaakte intervensies vir hierdie unieke individue dien.
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Walker, Alan. "Effects of Three Organizational Policies on Individuals’ Attitudes About Drug Testing." TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1849.

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The consensus of recent literature appears to be that drug testing is both legal and valid. However, a testing program can meet legal and technical criteria and still fail to meet organizational objectives because one vital component has been left out – employees’ attitudes. The present study uses data from 148 college juniors and seniors to assess the effects of three hypothetical drug testing policies: (a) consequences of detected drug use (termination vs. rehabilitation), (b) timing of the program (expected interval vs. random interval vs. reasonable cause), and (c) business purpose (weak vs. strong) on attitudes toward drug testing. It was hypothesized that attitudes would be most favorable when testing was for reasonable cause, with a strong business purpose, and detected use resulted in required rehabilitation. Results revealed a significant interaction between business purpose and consequence implying that organizations may reduce negative reactions to drug testing by first having a clear need for drug testing (e.g. in response to an increasing accident rate) and seeking to rehabilitate employees who are detected of using drugs rather than simply terminating them.
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Shacham, Enbal. "Self-reported psychological distress symptoms of individuals self-seeking HIV-related psychosocial support in Western Kenya." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3215184.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Applied Health Science, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-04, Section: B, page: 1959. Adviser: Michael D. Reece. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 20, 2007)."
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Books on the topic "Western individualism"

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Miegel, Meinhard. Das Ende des Individualismus: Die Kultur des Westens zerstört sich selbst. München: Aktuell, 1993.

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Western conceptions of the individual. New York: Berg, 1991.

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Brian, Morris. Western conceptions of the individual. New York: Berg, 1993.

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Western conceptions of the individual. Oxford: Berg, 1996.

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Ritsema, Beatrijs. Het belegerde ego. Amsterdam: Prometheus, 1993.

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Being and relation: A theological critique of Western dualism and individualism. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1987.

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The discovery of the individual, 1050-1200. Toronto: University of Toronto Press in association with the Medieval Academy of America, 1987.

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Siedentop, Larry. Inventing the individual: The origins of Western Liberalism. London: Allen Lane an imprint of Penguin Books, 2014.

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Morokhoeva, Z. P. Lichnostʹ v kulʹturakh Vostoka i Zapada: K postanovke problemy. Novosibirsk: VO "Nauka", 1994.

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Clermont, Pierre. De Lénine à Ben Laden: La grande révolte antimoderniste du XXe siècle. Monaco: Rocher, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Western individualism"

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Gagnier, Regenia. "The Ironies of Western Individualism." In Individualism, Decadence and Globalization, 28–60. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230277540_2.

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Sprintzen, David. "The Webbed Self: Deconstructing Individualism." In Critique of Western Philosophy and Social Theory, 131–62. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230101777_7.

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Okada, Sumie. "Natsume Soseki: Western individualism and the Japanese society." In Western Writers in Japan, 145–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377738_12.

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Kraus, Blahoslav, Peter Ondrejkovič, Wojciech Krzysztof Świątkiewicz, Lolita Vilka, Ursula Rieke, Ilze Trapenciere, and Lyudmila Pankiv. "Characteristics of Family Lives in Central Europe." In Contemporary Family Lifestyles in Central and Western Europe, 21–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48299-2_2.

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AbstractIn this chapter, authors give a picture of families in individual countries, which participated in the survey, so from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, Poland, Ukraine and Latvia. They pay attention mainly to the family changes after the year 1990. There is mainly demographic situation. Furthermore, there are features which present contemporary family such as an increase of democratization in family coexistence in connection with the shifts of roles and disintegration in a family life linked with overall individualism manifested by automation, where one creates his/her own way of life. The contemporary family is more likely affected in all countries by progressive social differentiation; in a different level of unemployment, certain isolation and changes are always seen in intergeneration relationships. The authors also pay attention to family social policy and housing situation when starting a family.
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Kraus, Blahoslav. "A Look at the Contemporary Family’s Life." In Contemporary Family Lifestyles in Central and Western Europe, 1–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48299-2_1.

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AbstractThis introductory chapter approaches two basic categories of the whole monography which is a family and a lifestyle. The first subchapter deals with the complexity around the definition of the term family nowadays and difficulties with its definition. Furthermore, there is a description of post-war family development in Europe up to now, changes of the functions and further changes in the families’ lives differentiated in Western and Eastern part. It turns out that changes in society have caused significant changes in family lives (democratization, individualism, pluralism of family forms, dynamization, adaptability). The term lifestyle, as different concepts, is depicted in the next part of this chapter. It is perceived as a concept of multidimensional and multidisciplinary. The second subchapter contains several researches related to lives of the families. The project of our research and its goals, methods, selected sample (in total of 2437 respondents) and research process is described in the conclusion of the whole chapter.
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Sanusi, Yekeen A., and Andreas Spahn. "Exploring Marginalization and Exclusion in Renewable Energy Development in Africa: A Perspective from Western Individualism and African Ubuntu Philosophy." In Energy Justice Across Borders, 273–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24021-9_14.

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da Mota, Sarah. "IR’s Disciplinary Connections with Western Civilisation." In NATO, Civilisation and Individuals, 33–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74409-4_2.

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Dragolov, Georgi, Zsófia S. Ignácz, Jan Lorenz, Jan Delhey, Klaus Boehnke, and Kai Unzicker. "Social Cohesion, Values of Individuals, and Their Well-being." In Social Cohesion in the Western World, 79–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32464-7_6.

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Zwischenberger, Hannah. "Walking Together: Ways of Collaboration in Western-Indigenous Research on Footprints." In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 413–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_22.

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AbstractA combination of western analytical methods with experience-based indigenous methods of tracking can be a chance to get closer to individuals of past times. In such collaborative research projects, different western and indigenous knowledge systems meet. These are characterized in more detail below. This chapter examines the question of how respectful and mutually beneficial cooperation is possible against the background of different epistemologies. Recommendations for practical action in collaborative projects are summarized in an ethics guide and an interview guide, and alternative forms of writing and publication are proposed.
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Junová, Iva. "Leisure Time in Family Life." In Contemporary Family Lifestyles in Central and Western Europe, 65–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48299-2_4.

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AbstractThe chapter in its first part presents changing understanding of leisure time in the past and currently. Major shifts have occurred in the increasing amount of free time and its democratization. The free time or leisure time is understood only just as a supplement or the rest after work; however, it has its intrinsic value, carries potential of freedom, self-realization, fun and relax. The text deals with leisure time functions and its meaning for individuals and complete family. It highlights issues that are connected with spending of leisure time. In the second part of the chapter, there are results of survey, which was mapping of family spending of free time, its amount and fulfilment. In all the surveyed countries, spending of leisure time has proved to be an important perquisite for family life satisfaction. Activities that are the most likely to be undertaken together with family members are watching TV, walks, trips, visits of friends or relatives, visits of cultural actions and social games.
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Conference papers on the topic "Western individualism"

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"Study on the Individualism in American Westward Movement and Collectivism in Chinese Western Development." In 2017 International Conference on Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities. Francis Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/ssah.2017.17.

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Long, David S., Hui Zhu, and Morton H. Friedman. "Quantifying the Motion of Murine Epicardial Coronary Arteries." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192065.

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Coronary artery atherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in western societies. Atherosclerosis is a progressive fibroinflammatory disease identified by intimal thickening, the focal accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and cellular elements within the walls of large arteries. These lesions preferentially develop at arterial branches, the outer walls of bifurcations, and the inner walls of curved sections; the cause of this focal vasculopathy is not fully understood. It is, however, understood from epidemiological and clinical studies that individual susceptibility to the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions is influenced by “traditional” systemic risk factors, including smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, and high cholesterol. However, these risk factors cannot account for half of the variability in occurrence of this disease; this indicates additional risk factors have not been identified. One prevalent explanation of the focal nature of the disease is that the local fluid mechanical stresses at the walls of coronary arteries, as well as mechanical stresses within the vessel wall, may mediate the phenotype of endothelial cells thereby producing atherosusceptible sites. Therefore, it has been speculated [1] that certain aspects of arterial geometry and motion, which vary substantially among individuals, may increase an individual’s susceptibility to developing atherosclerosis — “geometric risk factors”.
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Salzano, Rachel, Hazel Hall, and Gemma Webster. "The relationship between culture and public library use: non-Western students in Scotland." In ISIC: the Information Behaviour Conference. University of Borås, Borås, Sweden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47989/irisic2035.

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Introduction: Individuals’ cultural backgrounds influence their use of societal resources, including those offered in public libraries. Well-established in library research are explorations of the benefits of public library use to new-comer communities, including migrant workers, immigrants, forced migrants, and international students. However, to date no research has been completed on why these communities use particular resources. Methods: The project outlined in this poster concerns international students from non-Western countries in Scotland. Using a mixed methods approach, the study presented will explore why international students from non-Western countries use specific public library resources, and the cultural factors that influence this use. Analyses: Findings will derive from thematic analysis of participant responses in interview and questionnaire data. Conclusion: An understanding of the perceived value of certain resources can assist in the effective tailoring of resources to serve new community members.
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Saade, Raafat, Fassil Nebebe, and Tak Mak. "Canada - China Cultural Differences in E-learning: A Motivation Perspective." In InSITE 2009: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3346.

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There are relatively few empirical studies that examine cultural differences in students’ beliefs and use of web-based learning systems. Asian and Western countries have different systems of thought which are rooted in their respective national culture. Although there are a number of theories to explain individuals’ behavior within different cultures, there are few that focused on web-based learning differences. In this study, we investigate the motivational differences among Chinese and Canadian online learners. We enhance our body of knowledge in two respects: moderating and mediating effects of intrinsic motivation in the two groups and the use of the ‘cognitive system of thought’ theory to extract meaning from the results.
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Cox, Leroy R., and Stacy H. Loseke. "A QFD Approach to the Delivery of an Online Degree." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28986.

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Technology has profoundly changed the manner with which we perform our most basic functions. The innovation of the Internet and other communication media have allowed us to communicate, conduct business, and buy and sell without ever having to leave home. Education has been affected in the same way, as those that would seek to obtain a degree or certification can do so in the comfort of their own homes as opposed to having to commute to a college campus to do so. This paper will discuss how elements of Quality Function Deployment have been used to facilitate a partnership between a traditional university located in western Arkansas and various community colleges in the eastern Arkansas Delta Region. The students in this region are non-traditional, place-bound individuals without access to higher education opportunities, but at the same time, in need of these opportunities to advance in the workplace. This paper will discuss how a university some three hundred miles away is able to deliver a baccalaureate degree to individuals who will most likely never see the college campus. The impact of the initiative as well as particular hurdles and lessons learned thus far will be shared.
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Tubaishat, Abdallah, Arif Bhatti, and Eyas El-Qawasmeh. "ICT Experiences in Two Different Middle Eastern Universities." In InSITE 2006: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3036.

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This research explores the impact of technology and culture on higher education in two Arab countries. In western countries where higher education is common, individuals regardless of their gender can meet, communicate, and collaborate at anytime at any place of their choice. This may not be true in Arab countries due to the social, cultural, and religious reasons. We argue that adoption of technology could provide a comparable learning environment to students in these countries. We present results of a case study based on surveys conducted in two universities, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) in Jordan and Zayed University (ZU) in United Arab Emirates (UAE). Survey results show that adoption of technology has (a) improved the motivation and confidence level of students, (b) improved their communication and technical skills, (c) encouraged students to collaborate using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools, and (d) allowed students to be more independent. These improvements would not have been possible without technology in a gender-segregated society.
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Alhajyaseen, Wael, Qinaat Hussain, Mohamed Kharbeche, and Charitha Dias. "Covid 19 Pandemic: Impacts and Future Implications on Personal Travel Behavior in the State of Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0283.

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In December 2019, a novel and contagious coronavirus also known as Covid-19 outbroke in Wuhan, China. In response to the virus, many countries implemented strict travel restrictions and lockdowns to hold back the spread of the Covid-19. The measures to contain it have brought dramatic changes in individual lifestyles, daily activities and travel behavior. This study focuses on the impacts on individual travel behavior including work/education, shopping and out-of-home physical activities in the state of Qatar. In addition, the study also presents individuals’ expectations and preferences regarding future travel activities. The Qatar Transportation and Traffic Safety Center, QTTSC conducted a questionnaire survey investigate the impacts of Covid-19 on individuals’ travel behavior. The questionnaire survey included questions regarding individuals’ travel activities for work/education, shopping, out-of-home workouts, before and during Covid-19 and the individual preferences and expectation for changes in their daily travel-activity in the future. After removal of the incomplete entries and outliers, the analyses were done including 404 respondents residing in Qatar for whom 63% were males while 36% were females. The results showed that there were drastic drops for all the activity types. Around 73% of the respondents started work-from-home or online education. The results also revealed that more than 20% of the respondents who were traveling in a group before the Covid-19 pandemic chose to travel alone during the Covid-19 crisis. Most of them were traveling with family before the Covid-19 outbreak. The results for individual expectations and preference revealed that highly educated respondents will prefer to continue work-from-home or bulk shopping. Young and/or Western people prefer to rely more on online shopping. The findings from this study could be very useful for policymakers and other relevant authorities to construct flexible work/education/business policies. This could help them to effectively respond to any future outbreaks and to smartly utilize the available resources of the transport system during post-pandemic and new-normal times.
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Grøn, B., and F. Brosstad. "IMMUNO-VISUALIZATION OF FIBRINOGEN Aa-CHAIN HETEROGENEITY IN NORMAL PLASMA COMPARED TO PLASMA FROM PATIENTS WITH DIC." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643325.

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Citrated plasma from healthy individuals or fran patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC) was diluted, and elec-trophoresed on 11% SDS-PAG slabs after reduction.Subsequently, the electrophoretic pattern was Western-blotted onto nitrocellulose and,-after blocking with gelatine-, reacted with either:a)polyclonal antibodies to human fibrinogen,b)polyclonal antibodies to FPA, or c)monoclonal antibody to non-released FPA (gift from Dr.Nieuwenhuizen, Leyden, Holland).Visualization of fibrinogen-related material was then done with peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies.In normal plasma a heterogeneity of the Aa-chain which was substantially more pronounced than hitherto described was noted. This pattern of fibrinogen Aa-chain heterogeneity was even more noticeable in plasma from patients with DIC. The presence/absense of all appropriate fibrinolytic inhibitors during sampling of blood had no effect upon the Aa-chain heterogenity patterns described above. This picture of heterogeneity was also seen when unreduced plasma was electrophoresed on SDS-PAG(2.5%)/AGAROSE(0.5%) slabs.When comparing the patterns produced by the three different antibodies used for identification/visualization, it could be deduced that: l)The pattern observed was mainly due to Aa-chain heterogeneity, and that the N-terminus of almost all species of Aa-chains were intact, confirming earlier observations that cell- or plasmin -mediated proteolysis of this chain is mainly C-terminal; 2) The present technique allows extranely sensitive characterization of both reduced and non-reduced plasma fibrinogen in the presence of all other plasma proteins.
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ZDANOVSKIS, Kristaps. "CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NONGOVERNMENTAL SECTOR IN LATVIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.156.

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Nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) have played their role in political processesfor centuries, continuing to expand their activity and engage the public. The NGO sector in Latvia is young in comparison with Western countries. The first organisations emerged in Latvia after the country regainedthe second independence in the 1990s. The NGO sector in Latvia does not differ from that in other countries and has retaining its nature – any organisation is established voluntarily by a group of individuals with similar beliefs to advocate public interests at political level, for non-commercial purposes and with no government influence. Statistical data show the engagement of the public in NGO activities, which is promoted by progress in the world and such opportunities of the digital era as the Internet, mobile applications, social networks or e-platforms that can inform and mobilise the public fast for tackling some problem. As the NGO sector developed and its scope of activity expanded, new problems were identified, e.g. inability to establish a single system for the activity and financial transparency of organisations. To exist in a long-term, NGOs need to adapt to a system. Organisations that have built up experience and made achievements represent future potential for new public activists in their work with public administration entities and decision-makers to meet the public’s needs and in the interests of the public, thus, in cooperation, making a better and wealthier life for the country’s residents. The research aim is to analyse the NGO sector in Latvia. The research employed the following methods: monographic, descriptive, analysis and synthesis, as well as logical construction.
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Hernandez, Susan D., and Mary E. Clark. "Building Capacity and Public Involvement Among Native American Communities." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1251.

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Abstract The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) supports a number of local community initiatives to encourage public involvement in decisions regarding environmental waste management and remediation. Native American tribal communities, in most cases, operate as sovereign nations, and thus have jurisdiction over environmental management on their lands. This paper provides examples of initiatives addressing Native American concerns about past radioactive waste management practices — one addresses uranium mining wastes in the Western United States and the other, environmental contamination in Alaska. These two projects involve the community in radioactive waste management decision-making by encouraging them to articulate their concerns and observations; soliciting their recommended solutions; and facilitating leadership within the community by involving local tribal governments, individuals, scientists and educators in the project. Frequently, a community organization, such as a local college or Native American organization, is selected to manage the project due to their cultural knowledge and acceptance within the community. It should be noted that U.S. EPA, consistent with Federal requirements, respects Indian tribal self-government and supports tribal sovereignty and self-determination. For this reason, in the projects and initiatives described in the presentation, the U.S. EPA is involved at the behest and approval of Native American tribal governments and community organizations. Objectives of the activities described in this presentation are to equip Native American communities with the skills and resources to assess and resolve environmental problems on their lands. Some of the key outcomes of these projects include: • Training teachers of Navajo Indian students to provide lessons about radiation and uranium mining in their communities. Teachers will use problem-based education, which allows students to connect the subject of learning with real-world issues and concerns of their community. Teachers are encouraged to utilize members of the community and to conduct field trips to make the material as relevant to the students. • Creating an interactive database that combines scientific and technical data from peer-reviewed literature along with complementary Native American community environmental observations. • Developing educational materials that meet the national science standards for education and also incorporate Native American culture, language, and history. The use of both Native American and Western (Euro-American) educational concepts serve to reinforce learning and support cultural identity. The two projects adopt approaches that are tailored to encourage the participation of, and leadership from, Native American communities to guide environmental waste management and remediation on their lands. These initiatives are consistent with the government-to-government relationship between Native American tribes and the U.S. government and support the principle that tribes are empowered to exercise their own decision-making authority with respect to their lands.
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Reports on the topic "Western individualism"

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Eckert, Elizabeth, Eleanor Turner, and Jo Anne Yeager Sallah. Youth Rural-Urban Migration in Bungoma, Kenya: Implications for the Agricultural Workforce. RTI Press, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.op.0062.1908.

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This study provides insights into a specific, hard-to-reach youth subpopulation—those born in agricultural areas in Western Kenya who migrate to large towns and cities—that is often missed by research and development activities. Using a mixed-methods approach, we find high variability in movement of youth between rural villages, towns, and large urban areas. Top reasons for youth migration align with existing literature, including pursuit of job opportunities and education. For youth from villages where crop farming is the primary economic activity for young adults, 77 percent responded that they are very interested in that work, in contrast to the common notion that youth are disinterested in agriculture. We also find many youth interested in settling permanently in their villages in the future. This research confirms that youth migration is dynamic, requiring that policymakers and development practitioners employ methods of engaging youth that recognize the diversity of profiles and mobility of this set of individuals.
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RESEARCH PRIORITIES: Western Balkans Snapshot. RESOLVE Network, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/rp2020.1.wb.

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Amidst the evolving threat of violent extremism (VE) worldwide, the Western Balkans face substantial challenges to social cohesion and stability. As elsewhere, narratives of religious, far right, and nationalist militancy resonate with vulnerable youth populations in Western Balkan countries where a history of ethnic, religious, and civil strife created a situation vulnerable to terrorist recruitment at home and abroad. Individuals who traveled to fight alongside violent extremist organizations abroad are returning to their home countries following the territorial losses of extremist groups in Syria and Iraq. At the same time, ethno-nationalist extremism continues to gain traction and expand across the region. While some of these topics have received increased attention in the current body of literature, others remain under-researched. Existing research topics also require more field research and deeper conceptual foundation. The resulting gaps in our collective understanding point to the need for further research on evolving social and VE dynamics in the Western Balkans. More rigorous and grounded research, in this regard, can help inform and improve efforts to prevent and counter violent extremism (P/CVE) in the region. In 2019, the RESOLVE Network convened local and international experts to discuss research gaps and develop a preliminary list of research priorities for P/CVE moving forward in the Western Balkans. The topics identified in this Research Priorities Snapshot reflect their collective expertise, in-depth understanding, and commitment to continued analysis of VE trends and dynamics in the region.
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