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Journal articles on the topic 'West Nile viru'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 April 2023

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1

Franjić, Siniša. "A Few Words About a West Nile Virus." General Medicine and Clinical Practice 1, no. 2 (October 22, 2018): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/008.

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West Nile Virus (WNV) can cause neurological disease and death in people. WNV is commonly found in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, North America and West Asia. WNV is maintained in nature in a cycle involving transmission between birds and mosquitoes. Humans, horses and other mammals can be infected. On web page of World Health Organisation [1], can be read how approximately 80% of people who are infected will not show any symptoms. West Nile virus is mainly transmitted to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes. The virus can cause severe disease and death in horses. Vaccines are available for use in horses but not yet available for people. Birds are the natural hosts of West Nile virus.

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2

AR, Yasmin. "West Nile Virus: Measures against Emergence in Malaysia." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 4, no. 1 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000170.

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West Nile virus has a potential to emerge in new areas and cause large epidemics as was witnessed in the United States following its introduction in 1999. The virus is now a global public health threat, having been detected on every continent except Antarc tica. Once restricted to Africa, its expansion beyond its natural habitat is related to some viral, vectoral, anthropologic and environmental factors. The successful establishment and spread of the virus depend in part on viral adaptations, availability of competent hosts and mosquito vectors and suitable environmental conditions. A combination of measures can be applied to minimise the likelihood of a WN virus epidemic. Available vaccines are only for veterinary use, human vaccines are still in development . Vector control, animal vaccination, targeted surveillance and strong cooperation between relevant authorities are important in preventing a WN virus epidemic in Malaysia.

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3

Wijayasri, S., MP Nelder, CB Russell, KO Johnson, S. Johnson, T. Badiani, and D. Sider. "Infection par le virus du Nil occidental en Ontario (Canada) : 2017." Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada 45, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v45i01a04f.

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4

Hrnjakovic-Cvjetkovic, Ivana, Jelena Radovanov, Gordana Kovacevic, Aleksandra Patic, Natasa Nikolic, and Vesna Milosevic. "Significance of IgG avidity test in diagnosis of west Nile virus infection." Medical review 70, no. 11-12 (2017): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1712395h.

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Introduction. Serological tests appear to be the method of choice for establishing the diagnosis in the late phase of West Nile virus infection. Long persistence of IgM antibodies against West Nile virus is described and may be a problem for determination of the time of acquisition of West Nile virus infection. The aim of the study was to estimate the significance of IgG avidity determination in establishing the diagnosis of West Nile virus infection. Material and Methods. In a study 56 serum samples seropositive against West Nile virus were included. 24 serum samples were collected in 2012 from healthy residents of South-Backa district and 32 serum samples were collected in 2014 from 124 patients suspected of having West Nile virus infection. Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent tests were used for the detection of West Nile virus-specific IgM and IgG antibodies and IgG avidity. Results. Out of 124 patients suspected of having West Nile virus infection, 32 (25.8%) were seropositive for West Nile virus antibodies. Acute infection was laboratory confirmed in 15 (46.9%) cases. All patients with acute infection were West Nile virus IgM positive, 13 (85%) were West Nile virus IgG positive, and 2 (15%) had a borderline result for West Nile virus IgG antibodies. Out of 32 seropositive patients the presence of IgM antibodies was determined in 22 (68.7%). In a group of samples with high IgG avidity values, 6 were IgM positive, while 8 were IgM negative. Conclusion. West Nile virus IgM and IgG antibody serological assays alone are not sufficient for the accurate and reliable diagnosis of WNV infection. West Nile virus IgG avidity testing is necessary to ensure the differential diagnosis of acute from past West Nile virus infection.

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5

Vázquez, José. "West Nile Virus." American Biology Teacher 66, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4451621.

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6

Trevejo, Rosalie T., and Millicent Eidson. "West Nile virus." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 232, no. 9 (May 2008): 1302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.232.9.1302.

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7

MCVEY, D. S., W. C. WILSON, and C. G. GAY. "West Nile virus." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 34, no. 2 (August 1, 2015): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.34.2.2369.

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8

Brandt, Antonio L., Nicholas Martyak, John Westhoff, and Christopher Kang. "West Nile Virus." Military Medicine 169, no. 4 (April 2004): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed.169.4.261.

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9

YIANNAKOULIAS, NIKOLAOS W., and LAWRENCE W. SVENSON. "West Nile Virus." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1102, no. 1 (April 2007): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1408.010.

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10

Schering, Deb. "West Nile Virus:." Journal of Infectious Disease Pharmacotherapy 6, no. 4 (September 20, 2004): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j100v06n04_02.

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11

&NA;. "West Nile Virus." Nurse Practitioner 30, no. 8 (August 2005): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-200508000-00009.

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12

Murray, S. "West Nile virus." Canadian Medical Association Journal 173, no. 5 (August 30, 2005): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.050930.

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13

Brady, Susan, Rhonda Miserendino, and Noel Rao. "West Nile Virus." ASHA Leader 9, no. 9 (May 2004): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.ftr5.09092004.10.

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14

Truemper, Edward J., and José R. Romero. "West Nile Virus." Pediatric Annals 36, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0090-4481-20070701-09.

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15

Belknap, Robert W., and Marilyn E. Levi. "West Nile Virus." Primary Care Case Reviews 6, no. 4 (December 2003): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mpc.0000090898.70555.60.

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16

Hale, Deborah. "West Nile Virus." Home Healthcare Now 33, no. 5 (May 2015): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nhh.0000000000000230.

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17

O'DONNELL, C. R., and D. A. TRAVIS. "West Nile virus." International Zoo Yearbook 41, no. 1 (July 2007): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.2007.00022.x.

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18

Kramer, Laura D., Jun Li, and Pei-Yong Shi. "West Nile virus." Lancet Neurology 6, no. 2 (February 2007): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70030-3.

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19

Gelone, Steven P. "West Nile Virus." Hospital Pharmacy 37, no. 6 (June 2002): 676–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870203700618.

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Several infectious agents have emerged over the past two decades as a result of population migration and enhanced world travel. The introduction of arthropodborne infections to formerly unaffected geographic areas has occurred in the western hemisphere at an alarming rate. In 1999, the West Nile virus (WNV) first appeared in North America in Queens, New York and spread rapidly to infect bird and mosquito populations along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Significant human morbidity and mortality has been associated with the virus, with several patients deaths from encephalitis. Specific antiviral therapy is currently unavailable, but recommendations for a national plan to control and prevent the spread of this vector-borne disease have been made by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Educating the public about how WNV is transmitted, how to best protect one's self, and what signs and symptoms are consistent with this infection are extremely important. Pharmacists, who have more patient interactions per unit time than any other health care provider group, are in an excellent position to play a pivotal role in this educational effort.

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20

Campbell, Grant L., Anthony A. Marfin, Robert S. Lanciotti, and Duane J. Gubler. "West Nile virus." Lancet Infectious Diseases 2, no. 9 (September 2002): 519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(02)00368-7.

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21

Overstreet, Maria. "West Nile virus." Nursing 41, no. 6 (June 2011): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000397810.81054.8a.

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22

Simon, R. Bryan. "West Nile virus." Nursing 47, no. 8 (August 2017): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000521044.65948.66.

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23

Rossi, Shannan L., Ted M. Ross, and Jared D. Evans. "West Nile Virus." Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 30, no. 1 (March 2010): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cll.2009.10.006.

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24

Saxena, Vandana, Bethany G. Bolling, and Tian Wang. "West Nile Virus." Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 37, no. 2 (June 2017): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cll.2017.01.001.

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25

Farrar, Francisca. "West Nile Virus." Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America 25, no. 2 (June 2013): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2013.02.005.

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26

Newman, Laura. "WEST NILE VIRUS." Neurology 6, no. 4 (February 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132985-200602210-00001.

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27

Minton, Kirsty. "West Nile virus." Nature Reviews Immunology 3, no. 9 (September 2003): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1196.

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28

Phalen, David N., and Bob Dahlhausen. "West Nile virus." Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine 13, no. 2 (April 2004): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.saep.2004.01.002.

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29

Goodman, Denise M., and Edward H. Livingston. "West Nile Virus." JAMA 308, no. 10 (September 12, 2012): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/2012.jama.11678.

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30

Craven, Robert B. "West Nile Virus." JAMA 286, no. 6 (August 8, 2001): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.6.651.

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31

Wilson, Samantha D., Monali Varia, and Lee Y. Lior. "West Nile Virus." Canadian Journal of Public Health 96, no. 2 (March 2005): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03403672.

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32

Petersen, Lyle R. "West Nile Virus." JAMA 290, no. 4 (July 23, 2003): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.4.524.

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33

Torpy, Janet M. "West Nile Virus." JAMA 290, no. 4 (July 23, 2003): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.4.558.

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34

Ostroff, Stephen M. "West Nile Virus." JAMA 310, no. 3 (July 17, 2013): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.8041.

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35

Zheng, H., MA Drebot, and MB Coulthart. "Le virus du Nil occidental au Canada : un virus en évolution permanente, mais présent pour de bon." Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada 40, no. 10 (May 15, 2014): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v40i10a01f.

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36

Veljovic, Ljubisa, Jelena Maksimovic-Zoric, Vladimir Radosavljevic, Slobodan Stanojevic, Jadranka Zutic, Branislav Kureljusic, Ivan Pavlovic, Nemanja Jezdimirovic, and Vesna Milicevic. "Seroprevalence of West Nile fever virus in horses in the Belgrade epizootiological area." Veterinarski glasnik 74, no. 2 (2020): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl200207011v.

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West Nile fever is a vector borne viral disease that can affect humans, horses, birds and sometimes other species of animals. Every year West Nile fever is detected in the human population in Serbia. The disease often occurs in a subclinical form, but most clinically evident cases occur in horses. Therefore, horses are recommended as a sentinel species for monitoring the general incidence of West Nile fever in a specific territory. Our goal was to determine the prevalence of antibodies against West Nile fever virus in horses in the Belgrade epizootiological area. We examined serum samples from 77 horses to determine the seroprevalence of West Nile fever virus in horses throughout the city of Belgrade. Sera were tested by commercial ELISA tests for detection of specific IgG-class antibodies to West Nile fever virus and for the detection of specific IgM-class antibodies to confirm the presence of old and acute (recent) infections in horses. The results confirmed that West Nile fever virus is widespread, detected in 70.1% of the surveyed horse population in Belgrade, and we also detected 5.1% of acute cases had occurred due to horses being infected in 2019. The seroprevalence of West Nile virus in the horse population in the municipality of Belgrade is increasing.

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37

Al-Fifi, Yahya Salim Yahya, Kamran Kadkhoda, Mike Drebot, Beverly Wudel, and E. J. Bow. "The First Case Report of West Nile Virus-Induced Acute Flaccid Quadriplegia in Canada." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2018 (July 15, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4361706.

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The 1999 New York City outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) was associated with a high incidence of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease (WNVND) where the outcomes for these patients were very poor. We describe a case of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease (WNVND) characterized by acute flaccid quadriplegia with a favorable outcome in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

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38

Anderson, John F., Andrew J. Main, and Francis J. Ferrandino. "Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus by Aedes vexans (Diptera: Culicidae)." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 5 (March 19, 2020): 1614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa049.

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Abstract West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) first caused human and veterinary disease, and was isolated from Culex pipiens pipiens L. and Aedes vexans (Meigen) (Diptera: Culicidae) in the United States in 1999. We report that a Connecticut strain of Ae. vexans was competent to transmit West Nile virus both horizontally to suckling mice and vertically to its progeny in the laboratory. Horizontal transmission was first observed on day 6 post-exposure (pe). Daily horizontal transmission rates generally increased with the day post-virus exposure with highest rates of 67–100% recorded on days 28–30 pe. One female vertically transmitted West Nile virus on day 21 pe, but only after it had taken its third bloodmeal. Horizontal and vertical transmission may contribute to West Nile virus infection rates in Ae. vexans in summer, and vertical transmission provides a means of survival of West Nile virus during winter.

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39

Oluyinka, Fasanya, O. A. Kabir, and A. J. Natala. "Co-infection of a mosquito borne arbovirus and parasite in dogs in Kaduna and Zaria metropolis, Kaduna state, Nigeria: A Case Report." Nigerian Journal of Technological Research 16, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtr.v16i1.8.

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During a survey in Kaduna and Zaria metropolis for West Nile virus and Dirofilaria in dogs, a single case of co-infection of the two organisms was observed in a dog. These organisms are both mosquito borne and are of great zoonotic importance.Running title: Co-infection of West Nile virus and Dirofilaria in dogs. Keywords: West Nile virus, dogs, Dirofilaria, co-infection

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40

Batalis, Nick I., Luis Galup, Sherif R. Zaki, and Joseph A. Prahlow. "West Nile Virus Encephalitis." American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology 26, no. 2 (June 2005): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.paf.0000163826.56278.da.

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41

Gelfand, Michael S. "West Nile virus infection." Postgraduate Medicine 114, no. 1 (July 2003): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2003.07.1456.

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42

Zak, Imad T., Deniz Altinok, Joseph R. Merline, Subhash Chander, and Karl K. Kish. "West Nile Virus Infection." American Journal of Roentgenology 184, no. 3 (March 2005): 957–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.184.3.01840957.

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43

Monath, Thomas, Juan Arroyo, Chuck Miller, and Farshad Guirakhoo. "West Nile Virus Vaccine." Current Drug Target -Infectious Disorders 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2001): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568005013343254.

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44

Nicolle, Lindsay. "Experiencing West Nile Virus." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 14, no. 2 (2003): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/480469.

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45

Ohry, A., H. Karpin, D. Yoeli, A. Lazari, and Y. Lerman. "West Nile Virus Myelitis." Spinal Cord 39, no. 12 (December 2001): 662–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3101228.

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46

Powell, D. G. "West Nile virus 2002." Equine Veterinary Education 15, no. 2 (January 5, 2010): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.2003.tb00217.x.

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47

DeBiasi, Roberta L., and Kenneth L. Tyler. "West Nile virus meningoencephalitis." Nature Clinical Practice Neurology 2, no. 5 (May 2006): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneuro0176.

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48

Asadi, L., and P. E. Bunce. "West Nile virus infection." Canadian Medical Association Journal 185, no. 18 (July 29, 2013): E846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.130624.

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49

Milius, Susan. "After West Nile Virus." Science News 163, no. 13 (March 29, 2003): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4014271.

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50

Gyure, Kymberly A. "West Nile Virus Infections." Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology 68, no. 10 (October 2009): 1053–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nen.0b013e3181b88114.

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