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1
Clark, Emily A. (Emily Alcorn). "American Sandwich: West Coast, East Coast, in Between." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500584/.
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The thesis begins with an introduction, followed by six short stories. The stories that follow span three or four regions of the American landscape and three or four decades of the twentieth century. What drives each story is the isolation of both narrator and main character (when these are not the same) from the world of the story. In each story, there is either a sense of wanting to belong or an urge to escape, or both. The paradox--also the writer's paradox--is that if one belongs, one has no need to escape; if one escapes, one can never belong.
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Tilling, A. J. "Alternative use of West Coast indigenous forests." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7519.
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This is an holistic, interdisciplinary overview of indigenous forest management on the West Coast of the South Island, New Zealand. It touches on the twin pillars of New Zealand State indigenous forest policy for nearly half a century: multiple-use management and sustained-yield forestry. These were not satisfactorily achieved and most lowland forests were converted to other uses, except on the West Coast. Environmentalist pressure finally forced the curtailment of logging. A fundamental development question is thus raised: are there alternative commercial uses which can be nurtured to provide income and employment on the West Coast, yet still maintain environmental integrity?
A socio-economic survey of alternative forest-based users was carried out and former Directors-General of Forestry were interviewed. Many local people were consulted. A financial analysis of selected users was undertaken. Resource information was obtained from this group and from secondary sources. A decision-making framework was used to analyse why seemingly well-intentioned plans by the New Zealand Forest Service never materialised and to put alternative forest-based users in a regional, national and international context of power relationships.
Market-led economic philosophy, adopted by governments is inappropriate in dealing with conflicts over resource use and the need for long-term management. Government intervention has led to the legal protection of most lowland West Coast indigenous forests. This is only a first step, as management of resources leaves a lot to be desired. But, alternative forest-based users are few and powerless, being reliant on distant markets: most are at the mercy of foreign buyers and commodity traders.
Increased management and a move away from forest-based activities would foster local economic security, but this would reduce the role of users in controlling browsing animals. Closer co-operation between resource users and bureaucratic decision-makers could bring mutual benefits. An approach which offers promise is social forestry.
Social forestry may help to conserve resources and make optimum use of limited finances, but it is insufficient to resolve the wider development dilemma.
3
Liengme, Christine Anne. "West Coast strandveld : its utilization and management." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26136.
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Dawber, Carol. "Voices of the West Coast: An investigation into the development of a distinctive West Coast character in New Zealand fiction." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Humanities, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7106.
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The West Coast of the South Island has a particular history distinct from other regions of New Zealand because of its physical isolation, its sparse and fragmented Maori occupation, its lack of suitability for farm settlement, and its social and economic links with Australia
through nineteenth century shipping routes; many of the goldminers who first populated the region came via the Victoria goldfields and had little relationship with other South Island settlements.
This thesis begins with a chronological annotated bibliography of imaginative writing with the West Coast as its setting, then analyses this writing in terms of the West Coast landscape, its settlement history and its four major physical resources – pounamu, gold, coal and timber – and the way in which each has influenced the literature. It further examines the work of five West Coast writers, Jean Devanny, Peter Hooper, Keri Hulme, Jeffrey Paparoa Holman and Peter Hawes, in the context of their imaginative portrayal of the characteristics of the region. It concludes that there is a discernible perception among New Zealanders, fostered particularly by novelists and film-makers who have set their work on the Coast, that the region has iconic status and represents values and attitudes which appeal to the wider audience as distinctive.
In his 1940 attempt to encourage a national literature, Monte Holcroft wrote that, “…the spirit of a country, recognisable in history and literature, is a kind of collective definition undertaken by a line of creative writers.” New Zealand has long since developed a healthy diversity of creative literature, but it is argued in this thesis that Holcroft’s definition can now be restated in regional terms; the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand has its own spirit, is in a sense another country, and has been so defined by its creative fiction.
5
Van, Rooyen Suretha. "Factors affecting alien grass invasion into West Coast Renosterveld fragments." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49964.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With only 1.76% conserved West Coast Renosterveld remaining it is crucial to prioritize the conservation and management of this fragile vegetation type. Because of its occurrence on fertile soils, renosterveld has been cleared for cultivation and other agricultural use and is thus fragmented to a critical point. These remaining fragments are subject to extensive edge effects and the exact parameters of a viable fragment must still be determined. The extent of alien grass species invasion into remnant renosterveld patches was determined using data collected using the line-intercept method. Sampling included three different management treatment areas adjacent to old lands: 1) a recently burned area, 2) a grazed area and 3) an unburnedlungrazed area providing a control sample. Additionally all small-scale soil disturbances along the lines were recorded. Results showed that Briza spp., Bromus spp. and Avena fatua were the most significant invading alien grass species. There was a significantly high variation between alien grass cover in each treatment, with the grazed area containing the highest overal! level of alien grass invasion. The control area, with the exclusion of fire and animal activity, showed minimum alien grass invasion. Edge effects were apparent in all treatments, but were lowest in the control area, where percentage alien grass cover significantly decreased after a distance of fifteen meters into the remnant patch. A weak positive correlation between the occurrence of alien grass and indigenous grass was found, as well as evidence of a weak association between alien grass cover and shrub cover. The possibility that small-scale soil disturbances could be an important contributing factor to alien grass invasion was supported by the positive correlation between disturbances and percentage alien grass cover. A positive correlation was found between the occurrence of indigenous grass and small-scale soil disturbances, while shrub cover tended to be less associated with animal activity. It is concluded that the correct management regime could effectively control the excessive invasion of alien grass species into the remnant renosterveld patches. Grazing (including all animal activity and small-scale soil disturbances) was the main facilitator of alien grass establishment - even dominating the prominent consequences of edge effects by facilitating alien grass establishment much deeper into the remnant patches. It could be assumed that a precise balance of low-pressure grazing and fire management should be established to enable the effective control of alien grass species while maintaining optimum biodiversity. Keywords: renosterveld, alien grass, grazing, fire, management, small-scale soil disturbances
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met slegs 1.76% oorblywende Weskus Renosterveld wat bewaar word, is die beskerming en effektiewe bestuur van hierdie bedreigde plantegroei 'n prioriteit. Die vrugbare grond waarop renosterveld voorkom, het veroorsaak dat dit uitgeroei word om eerder die kultivering van ekonomies produktiewe landbou gewasse moontlik te maak. Dus het renosterveld verminder en gefragmenteer tot 'n kritieke punt. Hierdie ooblywende klein areas bedek met renosterveld, is blootgestel aan ekstensiewe invloede van die omliggende areas en die presiese afmetings vir 'n effektiewe grate renosterveld fragment vir bewarings doeleindes, moel nog vasgestel word. Die male van uitheemse gras spesie indringing in hierdie renosterveld fragmente is ondersoek deur die versameling van data deur die lyn-onderskep metode. Drie verskillende bestuursstelsels vir renosterveld is ondersoek om vas te stel wat die ergste graad van uitheemse gras indringing voorkom. Die studie het 'n 1) onlangs gebrande area, 2) 'n beweide area en 3) 'n kontrole area (wat nie gebrand of bewei is nie) ondersoek. Alle kleinskaalse grond-versteurings langs die lyne is ook aangeteken. Die resultate het aangetoon dat Briza spp., Bromus spp. en Avena fatua, as uitheemse grasse, die belangrikste indringers was en dus die grootste bedreiging inhou. Daar was 'n beduidende hoë variasie tussen die mate van uitheemse gras bedekking aangeteken in elk van die bestuurs-stelsels. Die beweide area het die hoogste graad van uitheemse gras indringing getoon, terwyl die kontrole area (in die afwesigheid van vuur en weidings aktiwiteite) die meeste weerstand teen uitheemse gras indringing getoon het. Die invloed van die omliggende omgewing was ook duidelik sigbaar in al drie die bestuurs-stelsels, maar was duidelik minder in die kontrole area waar die persentasie uitheemse gras indringing aansienlik verminder het na 'n afstand van vyftien meter in die renosterveld fragment in. 'n Swak positiewe korrelasie tussen die voorkoms van uitheemse grasse en inheemse gras spesies was aangeteken, asook bewyse van 'n swak negatiewe assosiasie tussen die uitheemse gras spesies en die inheemse bosse. Soos verwag, is daar bewyse gevind vir die teorie dat kleinskaalse grond-versteurings 'n belangrike fasiliterende faktor is vir uitheemse gras vestiging. Daar was 'n duidelike positiewe korrelasie tussen hierdie grond-versteurings en die persentasie uitheemse gras grondbedekking. Dieselfde positiewe assosiasie was gevind tussen die inheemse gras en hierdie kleinskaalse grond-versteurings, terwyl die inheemse bossie duidelik minder verbind was met die verskynsel. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat 'n korrekte bestuurs-plan die indringing van uitheemse grasse effektief sal kan beheer. Dier aktiwiteite (insluitende beweiding, grawe van gate, mier en termiet neste ens.), en dus kleinskaalse grond-versteurings. was die grootste fasiliteerders van uitheemse gras indringing en vestiging binne hierdie renosterveld stukke. Dit oorheers selfs die aansienlike effek wat invloede van die omringende omgewing op hierdie areas het, deur die uitheemse gras indringing selfs dieper in die fragmente in aan te help. Daar kan dus aangeneem word dat 'n presiese balans tussen lae-intensiteit beweiding (en dus fauna aktiwiteit) en veld brande vasgestel moet word vir die effektiewe beheer van uitheemse gras spesies terwyl die optimum bio-diversiteit terselfde tyd gehandhaafword. Sleutelwoorde: renosterveld, uitheemse grasse, beweiding, vuur, veldbestuur, kleinskaalse grond-versteurings
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Sanford, Barry A. "The West Tidewater Earthflow, Northern Oregon Coast Range." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2497.
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The West Tidewater earthflow, one of the largest in Oregon's history, occurred in December of 1994. The earthflow is located approximately 15 km north of Jewel, Oregon near the summit ofthe Northern Oregon Coast Range Mountains. The earthflow is 900 m long and 250 m wide, giving it a surface area of 9 ha, or 22 acres. Volume is 3.5 million m3. The earthflow occurred in low strength, well-bedded, tuffaceous, carbonaceous, micaceous, clay-rich mudstone, and very fine-grained, feldspathic, clay-rich siltstone of the lower Miocene age Northrup Creek Formation. The soil clay fractions contain up to 90% smectite with indications ofhalloysite. This earthflow is a reactivation ofa 650-year-old landslide (C-14 dating of uncovered buried trees). The failure mode is examined using a Janbu slope analysis and includes double wedge failure near the headscarp. High soil pore water pressure is one of the major causes of this slope failure. Rainfall levels for October, November, and December of 1994 were twice the previous five-year average. Present day groundwater level within the basin is less than one meter below ground surface. The earthflow is partially controlled by two faults of regional extent that dissect the basin near the headscarp in NW-SE and NE-SW directions. The Inceptisol soils in the basin remain moist below 20 cm year around. Soil in the basin may have been further weakened due to loss of root strength following timber harvest on the site in 1991. Soil liquid limits range from 42% to 95%, with PI values ranging from 2% to 77%. Soil clay content ranges between 18% and 30%. Direct shear tests on the mudstone and siltstone bedrock in both drained and undrained conditions produced internal friction angles of 14-18°, with cohesion values of 4 - 8 kPa. Back calculation of study area soil strength using the modified Bishop method results in a residual friction angle of 20.7°. The failure mode ofthe earthflow is from the headscarp downward and is modeled using Janbu methods. The study includes a detailed topographic map and a failure analysis of the earthflow basin.
7
Shearon, Blane T. "The cost effectiveness of West Coast Distributed Simulation Training for the Pacific Fleet." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA406612.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2001.Thesis advisor(s): San Miguel, Joseph G.; Hatch, William D. II. "December 2001." Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-175). Also available in print.
8
Pizzamei, Marco. "Seasonal modelling of circulation on the Scottish West coast." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252366.
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Jardine, Ian David. "Coastal upwelling along the west coast of Vancouver Island." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28946.
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Wind-driven up welling events near Brooks Peninsula off the west coast of Vancouver Island have been identified during the summers of 1988 and 1989 from sea surface NOAA AVHRR thermal imagery obtained at the UBC Satellite Oceanography and Meteorology Laboratory. Software has been developed to characterize the strength and extent of the surface cooling associated with the upwelling. A two-dimensional, 2-layer finite difference model with 1 km resolution has been formulated to examine the small-scale dynamics of the upwelling events. The model uses local wind and includes realistic coastline and bathymetry. The wind-stress and coastline configuration appear to be the main factors contributing to favourable upwelling regions. The results of the model compare favourably to the observed starting location of the upwelling.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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Abdallaoui, Berrada Chakir, and aida Ciro. "Bottlenecks in the Freight Forwarding sector in West - coast Africa." Thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9589.
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Problem – The expansion of global trade and supply chain integration has put great emphasison logistics, particularly in the intermediary sector, freight forwarders. Whilst in developedcountries freight forwarders benefit from competitive markets and trade facilitatingpolicies, this sector in West coast Africa exhibits low logistics performance levels. Inorder to address such issues, one needs to analyse the problem and identify the causes; thisthesis focuses on identifying the bottlenecks in the freight-forwarding sector in west coastAfrica.Purpose – The main purpose of this study is to identify the bottleneck/s within thefreight-forwarding industry in west coast Africa, namely: Angola, Cameroon, DR of Congo,Gabon, and Nigeria.Method – This thesis employs a pre-study and case study method, to ensure sufficient collectionof relevant material, taking into account the lack of research in this subject. We usedthe material obtained from the interviews and the secondary source, to structure our purpose,research questions, and to define the case of our study.Results – The study concludes with a series of interesting findings; First, the activity of aFreight Forwarder depends on a series of factors that do not depend on the Freight Forwarderper se. And second, Freight Forwarders in order to accomplish their tasks, have accessto services that are shared by all providers, and that are beyond their control. To conclude,the study identifies infrastructure as a major bottleneck in the Freight Forwarding sector.
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Woo, Lai Mun. "Summer circulation and water masses along the West Australian coast." University of Western Australia. Centre for Water Research, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0122.
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The Gascoyne continental shelf is located along the north-central coastline of Western Australia between latitudes 21° and 28°S. This study presents CTD and ADCP data together with concurrent wind and satellite imagery, to provide a description of the summer surface circulation pattern along the continental margin, and the hydrography present in the upper 1km of ocean, between latitudes 21° and 35°S. It also discusses the outcome of a numerical modelling study that examined the physical factors contributing to a bifurcation event persistently observed in satellite imagery at Point Cloates. The region comprises a complex system of four surface water types and current systems. The Leeuwin Current dominated the surface flow, transporting lower salinity, warmer water poleward along the shelf-break, and causing downwelling. Its signature ‘aged’ from a warm (24.7°C), lower salinity (34.6) water in the north to a cooler (21.9°C), more saline (35.2) water in the south, as a result of 2-4Sv geostrophic inflow of offshore waters. The structure and strength of the current altered with changing bottom topographies. The Ningaloo Current flowed along the northernmost inner coast of the Gascoyne shelf, carrying upwelled water and re-circulated Leeuwin Current water from the south. Bifurcation of the Ningaloo Current was seen south of the coastal promontory at Point Cloates. Numerical modelling demonstrated a combination of southerly winds and coastal and bottom topography off Point Cloates to be responsible for the recirculation, and indicated that the strength of southerly winds affect recirculation. Hypersaline Shark Bay outflow influenced shelf waters at the Bay’s mouth and to the south of the Bay. The Capes Current, a wind-driven current from south of the study region was identified as a cooler, more saline water mass flowing northward. Results of the hydrography study show five different water masses present in the upper-ocean. Their orientations were affected by the geopotential gradient driven Leeuwin Current/Undercurrent system at the continental margin. The Leeuwin Undercurrent was found at the shelf-slope, carrying (>252 μM/L) Subantarctic Mode Water at a depth of 400m
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Richard, Jocelyn M. "Investigations into zooplankton assemblages off the west coast of Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21436.
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Zooplankton assemblages were examined from waters off the west coast of Scotland encompassing the Firths of Lorn and Clyde, the North Channel, and the Malin Shelf. Size fractionated samples (coarse, >1000μm; medium, 1000μm-330μm; fine, 330μm-180μm) were collected with a submersible pump from 10m and 30m depth in March (1987) and May (1986) providing a composite picture of the fauna in early and late spring conditions, respectively. The feasibility of using image analysis as a method for processing zooplankton samples was examined. Although a programme was successfully operated to obtain individual measurement data, much work is still required before a fully automated programme for routine use by planktologists is available. Total zooplankton numbers and biomass, and species distributions and relative abundances were examined. Species assemblages were identified using multivariate analyses. Biomass and abundance spectra by size were examined for the major station groupings. In general, meroplankton dominated the fauna in the Firth of Lorn while large numbers of Calanus spp. occurred in the Firth of Clyde. Small copepods such as Oithona spp. were characteristic of the assemblage on the Malin Shelf. Salinity, followed by temperature, showed the strongest association with the observed station clusters. Chlorophyll a and depth did not generally appear to influence station groupings. The potential for the mixing and exchange of zooplankton between the regions of the study area was evaluated. The results suggest that zooplankton may be entrained from the Firth of Clyde by the Scottish Coastal Current during the spring period. The Malin Shelf may also be an important source of zooplankton for the Firth of Lorn during winter months when an onshore flow of Atlantic water occurs.
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Herbert, Elizabeth. "Forest management by West Coast water utilities : influences and consequences /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Swan, Peter. "Progressive era influence on West Coast political reform, 1937-1942." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48456/.
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For many year after the almost proximate Progressive and New Deal eras, historians accepted strong ‘continuity’ between these reformist periods. However, in 1955 Hofstadter’s The Age of Reform advanced a hypothesis of ‘discontinuity.’ He emphasized backward-looking morality in the Progressive era and the forward-oriented pragmatism of the New Deal. My thesis challenges this discontinuity school of thought, and is a contribution to scholarship because Hofstadter’s theory established a dominant paradigm about these eras. Historians as diverse as Graham Jr., Weinstein, Worster, and Katznelson have further stressed the differences between the Progressive and New Deal eras. Yet, while the discontinuity message articulated many truths, it obscures an alternative vision of the New Deal. This work demonstrates on the West Coast during the later New Deal, 1937-1942, Progressive era influence was substantial. General chapters focus on: the Progressive era; the 1920s; the early New Deal. Detailed chapters about the West Coast, 1937-1942, look at three policy areas, and include: conservation and national parks; monopoly reform and distribution of electricity from West Coast dams; social justice and responses to Dust Bowl migration. An ideological re-appraisal of the West Coast in the late New Deal is attempted. Firstly, from a Progressive era ideological viewpoint, issues conventionally judged peripheral in the three policy areas are re-conceptualized as significant policy successes. Secondly individuals and organizations shaping and implementing policies locally and nationally were either survivors of the earlier era or steeped in its beliefs. Thirdly, events on the West Coast, 1939-1940, which reproduced conditions in the Progressive era, tested whether New Dealers had learned from their predecessors’ mistakes. Consequently, the West Coast region is particularly apposite in a considered questioning of Hofstadter’s philosophical divide between the two reform eras.
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Stockwell, S. E. "British business, politics and decolonisation in the Gold Coast c. 1945-60." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240323.
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Shaw, Nancy (Nancy Alison) 1962. "West coast style : modern homes and lifestyles in Canada, 1945-1995." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23242.
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In Canada, West Coast Style has come to be associated with domestic architecture and a relaxed, modern lifestyle characteristic of the region's exceptional geography and climate. My thesis is a study of how this cultural formation has been figured and refigured since the Second World War through a historical and discursive analysis of West Coast Style. This cultural study focuses on how the term West Coast Style circulates and shifts meaning in relationship to a variety of domestic architectures such as the suburban single-family dwelling and more urban types like the coop, condominium and high rise. In addition, I consider how West Coast Style has been configured in debates about architectural modernism and postmodernism, Canadian cultural nationalism, and in newly emerging civic, global, and transnational geo-political, economic and cultural networks.
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Casely-Hayford, Augustus Lavinus. "A genealogical history of Cape Coast stool families." Thesis, Online version, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.325493.
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Kang, Yoonja. "The Distribution of Dinoflagellate Cysts along the West Florida Coast (WFC)." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/55.
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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) along the Florida coast have been reported for many decades. Karenia brevis is a red tide species on the West Florida Shelf, producing a suite of toxins called brevetoxins that adversely affect marine organisms and humans. Dinoflagellate cysts have been studied as a tool for red tide studies since the location where cysts accumulate in the sediments and the size of the seed beds can be important for potential blooms. However, little attention has been paid on the dinoflagellate cysts on the West Florida Coast. This study describes the distribution of dinoflagellate cysts along the West Florida Coast and proposes the possibility of Karenia brevis cysts. Samples were collected with a box corer July 17-29 and October 5-17, 2009. Overall cyst concentrations are low. The sediments along the West Florida Coast compose of coarse-sized grains that generate large-sized pores. Thus, cysts in the coarse-grained sediments might easily move along with turbulence or water movements flowing above the sediments. Cyst concentrations gradually increased shoreward. The hydrographic features along the West Florida Coast are influenced by the coastal current. Southward coastal current flowed during two cruises might drive a subsequent offshore Ekman transport which might lead to a coastal upwelling, thereby transporting bottom sediments closer to the coast. Thus, cyst concentration was higher inshore compared to that offshore. The average concentration of heterotrophic dinoflagellate cysts was higher in July than that in October, whereas autotrophic dinoflagellate cysts did not have a noticeable difference between July and October. The heterotrophic group is dominated by a protoperidinioid group that mainly feeds on diatoms. The abundance of protoperidinioid was higher in July than in October and other groups have similar abundance between two periods. The highest abundance of diatoms is in June, July and August, whereas the lowest was in October, November and May. Therefore, the decrease in the abundance of protoperidinioid cysts correlates with the lower food supply for their motile cells. Based on a morphological similarity to a Karenia brevis cyst detected in culture by Walker (1982) and a morphological difference from other species belonging to the same genus, cysts that are probably Karenia brevis have been identified.
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Newton, Ian Paul. "Recent transformations in West-Coast Renosterveld: patterns, processes and ecological significance." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8396_1263521893.
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This
thesis
examines
the
changes
that
have
occurred
within
West-Coast Renosterveld within
the
last 350 years, and assesses
the viability of
the
remaining fragments.
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Embling, Clare Beth. "Predictive models of cetacean distributions off the west coast of Scotland /." St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/640.
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Santos-Hernandez, Jenniffer Marie. "Development, vulnerability, and disasters in the west coast of Puerto Rico." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, p.73, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338866721&sid=10&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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May, Duncan Robert. "Population genetics of Penaeus vannamei on the West Coast of Mexico." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312405.
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Embling, Clare B. "Predictive models of cetacean distributions off the west coast of Scotland." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/640.
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The main purpose of this study was to produce and test the reliability of predictive models of cetacean distributions off the west coast of Scotland. Passive acoustic and visual surveys were carried out from platforms of opportunity between 2003 and 2005. Acoustic identifications were made primarily of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), delphinids, and sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). Generalised Additive Models (GAMs) were used to relate species’ distributions to a range of environmental variables over a range of temporal and spatial scales. Predictive models of delphinid distributions showed both inter-annual and inter-month variations. Combining all data for all months and years resulted in a model that combined the environmental influences from each monthly and yearly model. Overall, delphinids were found to associate with the deep (> 400m) warm water (10.5°C-12.5°C), and in areas of deep thermocline. Relationships between sperm whales and environmental variables were consistent over changes in grain size (9 km or 18 km), but not between areas. Although sperm whales were distributed in deep water characterised by weak thermoclines and strong haloclines in the most northerly area (Faroe-Shetland Channel), they were found in deep productive areas with cold surface temperature in the more southerly waters (Rockall Trough). Within the southern Inner Hebrides, high use areas for harbour porpoises were consistently predicted over time (in years) and with differing survey techniques (acoustic versus visual), but not over space (southern Inner Hebrides versus whole of the Inner Hebrides). Harbour porpoises were mainly distributed in areas with low tidal currents and with higher detection rates during spring tides. The use of prey as a predictor variable within models of delphinid distribution shows some promise: there were correlations between delphinid and herring (Clupea harengus) in shelf-waters in 2005 but not in 2004. These models can be used in mitigating acoustic threats to cetaceans in predicted high use areas off the west coast of Scotland.
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Burvingt, Olivier Jean-Patrick. "Storm impact and recovery along the south west coast of England." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/12830.
Full textAbstract:
Extreme storms are responsible for rapid changes to coastlines worldwide. During the 2013/14 winter, the west coast of Europe experienced a sequence of large, storm-induced wave events, representing the most energetic period of waves in the last 60 years. The southwest coast of England underwent significant geomorphological change during that period, but exhibited a range of spatially variable and complex morphological responses, despite being subjected to the same storm sequence. The 2013/14 storm response along the southwest coast of England was first used as a natural field laboratory to explain the variability in storm response through the introduction and evaluation of a new classification of how sandy and gravel beaches respond to extreme storms. Cluster analysis was conducted using an unique data set of pre- and post-storm airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data from 157 beach sites and the calculation of volumetric beach changes and a novel parameter, the longshore variation index which quantifies the alongshore morphological variability in beach response. The method used can be applied to any sandy and gravel beaches where topographic data with sufficient spatial resolution is available. Four main beach response types were identified that ranged from large and alongshore uniform offshore sediment losses up to 170 m3 m-1 (at exposed, cross-shore dominated sites) to considerable alongshore sediment redistribution but limited net sediment change (at more sheltered sites with oblique waves). The key factors in determining the type of beach response are: exposure to the storm waves, angle of storm wave approach and the degree to which the beach is embayed. These findings provide crucial information for the development of coastal studies at regional scale, especially along coastal areas where abrupt changes in coastline orientation can be observed. A 10-year time series (2007-2017) of supra- and intertidal beach volume from exposed and cross-shore transport-dominated sites was used to examine the extent to which beach behaviour is coherent over a relatively large region (100-km stretch of coast) and predictably coupled to incident wave forcing. Over the study period, 10 beaches, exposed to similar wave/tide conditions, but having different sediment characteristics, beach lengths and degrees of embaymentisation, showed coherent and synchronous variations in sediment volumes, albeit at different magnitudes. This result is crucial for studying coastal changes in remote coastal areas or in areas where only few topographic data are available. The sequence of extreme storms of the 2013/14 winter, which represents the most erosive event over at least a decade along most of the Atlantic coast of Europe, is included in the data set, and three years after this winter, beach recovery is still on-going for some of the 10 beaches. Post-storm beach recovery was shown to be mainly controlled by post-storm winter wave conditions, while summer conditions consistently contributed to modest beach recovery. Skilful hindcasts of regional changes in beach volume were obtained using an equilibrium-type shoreline model, demonstrating that beach changes are coherently linked to changes in the offshore wave climate and are sensitive to the antecedent conditions. Furthermore, a good correlation was found between the beach volume changes and the new climate index WEPA (West Europe Pressure Anomaly), which offers new perspectives for the role and the use of climatic variations proxies to forecast coastline evolution. A process based model, XBeach, was used to model storm response at one macrotidal beach characterized by the largest sediment losses during the 2013/14 sequence of extreme storms. Beach volume changes were modelled over hypothetical scenarios with varying hydrodynamics conditions and beach states to investigate the relative roles of hydrodynamic forcing (i.e., waves and tides), beach antecedent state and beach-dune morphology in beach response to extreme storms. This modelling approach is applicable to any beach system where process based models have been implemented. Beside significant wave height and peak wave period, the beach antecedent state was shown to be the dominant factor in controlling the volumes of sediment erosion and accretion along this cross-shore dominated beach. Modelled volumes of erosion were, on average, up to three times higher along an accreted beach compared to an eroded beach for the same wave conditions. The presence of a dune, being only significantly active during spring tides and storm conditions along this macrotidal beach, was shown to reduce erosion or even cause accretion along the intertidal beach. This work provides a detailed, quantitative insight of the hydrodynamic and morphological processes involved in storm response and beach recovery on a number of spatial and temporal scales. This improved understanding of the potential impact of extreme events will hopefully aid future research efforts and ensure effective management of sedimentary coastlines.
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Chanel, Blouin. "West Coast Bauhaus : a case study of the Oberlander Residence II." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62764.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis will consider the joining of West Coast Modernism and Bauhaus-inspired architectural
elements in the design of architect Peter Oberlander and landscape architect Cornelia Hahn
Oberlander’s second residence in Vancouver, the Ravine House, located on the University of
British Columbia Endowments Lands. It will posit that this style hybridization results from the
Oberlanders’ particular situation as forced exiles from Central Europe as well as voluntary
immigrants to Vancouver. This analysis will interrogate the dichotomy between exile and
immigrant architecture that is presented in the literature of West Coast architecture
The methodology will consist of an analysis of the architecture produced by the German-speaking
immigrant and exile communities in Los Angeles from the 1920s to the 1950s, a
precursor of the West Coast modernism in Vancouver. It will consider the seminal writings of
Reyner Banham and Erhard Bahr in Los Angeles: The Architecture of Four Ecologies and Weimar
on the Pacific: German Exile Culture in Los Angeles and the Crisis of Modernism, with particular
attention on their approaches for reading the experiences of exile and immigration in the
architectural features of buildings. This approach will be applied to a case study of the Ravine
House through a biographical sketch of the Oberlander’s migration as well as a formal analysis of
West Coast Modernism and the Indigenous architectures it drew upon as well as the Bauhaus
features of the residence.Arts, Faculty of
Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of
Graduate
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Heydenrych, Aneria Janine. "'n Evaluering van sommige plantkundige faktore wat kleinwild-digthede in die Weskus Nasionale Park beinvloed." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/58692.
Full textAbstract:
Tesis (MSc) -- Stellenbosch University, 1995.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A map of the different plant communities in a part of the West Coast National Park (WCNP) is presented. The approach of the Zurich-Montpellier school is used for the phytosociological studies. Thirty plant communities are described and related to environmental factors. One new alliance, two sub-alliances, seventeen associations, seven sub-associations and three variations are described. It is suggested that the Willdenowio -- Diospyretum austro-africanae is raised to alliance level and the Eucleo -- lschyrolepion eleocharidis lowered to sub-alliance level. The different floristic groups in which the plant communities fell were Strandveld, Proto-fynbos, marsh, strand and ecotones between Strandveld and Fynbos. A further extensive survey was conducted in the Postberg Nature Reserve (PNR), which forms part of the West Coast National Park, to determine the possible cause of decline in small antelope numbers (duiker, grysbok and steenbok). The potential production of the vegetation of the Postberg Nature Reserve is about 561.64 kg DM/ha/yr. Rumen analyses of the small antelopes were performed in an attempt to assess the possible relationship between plants and animals. It is found that the small antelope utilizes a big spectrum of plants. Different plant communities were structurally examined and it is proved that the steenbok are bolder than the other two small antelope and are prepared to feed in areas having a lower plant density. Duiker and grysbok preferentially prefer plant communities taller than 60 cm. KEYWORDS Braun-Blanquet, community structure, distribution, Fynbos Biome, habitat, plant communities, Raphicerus campestris, Raphicerus melanotis, Strandveld, Sylvicapra grimmia.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Plantgemeenskapskaart is vir 'n deel van die Weskus Nasionale Park (WNP) opgetrek. Die Zurich-Montpellier fitososiologiese benadering is gebruik om die plantegroei te analiseer en te beskrywe. Dertig plantgemeenskappe is geklassifiseer, beskryf, gekarakteriseer en ekologies geinterpreteer. Ben nu we alliansie, twee sub-alliansies, sewentien assosiasies, sewe subassosiasies en drie variasies is beskryf. Daar is voorgestel dat die Willdenowio -- Diospyretum austro-africanae tot alliansievlak verhoog en die Eucleo -- Ischyrolepion eleocharidis na suballiansievlak verlaag word. Die verskillende floristiese groepe waarin hierdie plantgemeenskappe geval het bestaan uit Strandveld, Protofynbos, strand-, vleiland-, en ekotone tussen Strandveld en Fynbos. 'n Verdere intensiewe studie is in die Postberg Natuurreservaat (PNR), wat deel uitmaak van die Weskus Nasionale Park, ondemeem om 'n moontlike verklaring te vind vir die afname van kleinwildsoorte (duiker, grysbok en steenbok). Die produksiepotensiaal van die Postberg Natuurreservaat (PNR) is bepaal op ongeveer 561.64 kg DM/ha/jaar. Maaginhoud ontledings van die kleinwildsoorte is gebruik om 'n moontlike verhouding tussen plant en dier te bepaal. Daar is bevind dat die kleinwildsoorte 'n groot spektrum van plante kan benut. Verskillende plantgemeenskappe is t.o.v. plantegroeistruktuur ondersoek en daar is bewys dat die steenbok minder skugter as die grysbok en duiker is en in oop areas, met 'n laer plantdigtheid, sal beweeg. Die duiker en grysbok verkies plantgemeenskappe wat meer as 60 cm hoog is. TREFWOORDE Braun-Blanquet, Fynbosbioom, gemeenskapstruktuur, habitat, plantgemeenskappe, Raphicerus campestris, Raphicerus melanotis, Strandveld, Sylvicapra grimmia, verspreiding.
27
Strickrodt, Silke. "Afro-European trade relations on the western slave coast, 16th to 19th centuries." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2616.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with the Afro-European trade on the Western Slave Coast from about 1600 to the 1880s, mainly the slave trade but also the trade in ivory and agricultural produce. The Western Slave Coast comprises the coastal areas of modem Togo and parts of the coastal areas of Ghana and Benin. For much of the period under discussion, this region was dominated by two kingdoms, the kingdom of the Hula (or Pla), known to European traders as Great or Grand Popo, after its coastal port (in modern Benin), and the kingdom of the Ge (Gen/Guin/Genyi), known to European traders as Little Popo, after its main coastal port (in modern Togo). In the nineteenth century, two more ports of trade appeared in the region, Agoud (in modem Benin) and Porto Seguro (in modern Togo). In terms of the Afro-European trade, this was an intermediate area between regions of greater importance to slave traders, the Gold Coast to the west and the eastern Slave Coast (mainly the kingdom of Dahomey) to the east. This thesis gives a detailed reconstruction of the political and commercial developments in the region, especially for the period from the 1780s and the 1860s. The discussion is based mainly on archival material from British, French and African archives, but also makes use of a wide range of published accounts, mainly in English, French and German, and information from oral traditions. Beyond its immediate local interest, the thesis contributes to our understanding of the operation of the Afro-European trade and its impact on African middleman societies. The intermittent commercial success of 'the Popos' illustrates the dynamics of the trade especially clearly. The Western Slave Coast is placed into the wider transatlantic trade network and its role in the trade re-evaluated. The link between the local and overseas economy is illustrated by the centrality of the lagoon, which is discussed in detail. Other important issues that are addressed include the role of the canoemen in the trade, the transition from the slave trade to the palm oil trade and the Afro-Brazilian settlement at Agoue.
28
Medina, Paulette M. "Fishmarket Center of a little town." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33949.
Full textAbstract:
I propose to design a fish market in Puerto Real, a fishing village in the West Coast of the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. Being the most important fishing village in the island and fishing being the principal economic activity of this town, this fish market takes the place of a social and cultural center for residents and visitors of the village. The materials and the modern architectural design of the building evoke and interpret the vernacular and picturesque architecture of the structures around town. The location in the water of the fish market pays tribute to the natural resources of the village as well as fulfills the needs of the fishermen and customers to perform their daily activities in the market. The activity around the market becomes a spatial experience that begins with the open plaza that diffuses in the metal structure bridge which ends in the concrete base tower that visually connects the town with the water and the people with the market. The metal and concrete base structure, as well as the white fabric roof of the market, complete the architectural experience and transform this space into the Center of a Little Town.Master of Architecture
29
Bolduc, Steven J. WEATHER FORECASTING METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA WEATHER STATIONS COASTAL REGIONS NETWORKS WIND THESES ATMOSPHERIC MOTION METEOROLOGICAL DATA KINETIC ENERGY METEOROLOGY RADIOSONDES POTENTIAL ENERGY PACIFIC OCEAN MOISTURE HEAT FLUX. "Fluxes across the west coast resolved by Picket Fence observations during STORMFEST /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA288511.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1994.Thesis advisor(s): Paul A. Hirschberg, Russell L. Elsberry. "September 1994." Bibliography: p. 56-57. Also available online.
30
au, ahesp@murdoch edu, and Sybrand Alexander Hesp. "Biology of two species of sparid on the west coast of Australia." Murdoch University, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040302.162906.
Full textAbstract:
Various aspects of the biology of the tarwhine Rhabdosargus sarba and western yellowfin bream Acanthopagrus latus were studied. The studies on R. sarba have focused on populations in temperate coastal marine waters at ca 32oS and the lower reaches of an estuary (Swan River Estuary) located at the same latitude and in a subtropical embayment (Shark Bay) at ca 26oS, while those on A. latus were conducted on the population in the latter embayment.
A combination of a macroscopic and histological examination of the gonads demonstrated that R. sarba is typically a rudimentary hermaphrodite in Western Australian waters, i.e. the juveniles develop into either a male or female in which the ovarian and testicular zones of the gonads, respectively, are macroscopically undetectable. This contrasts with the situation in the waters off Hong Kong and South Africa, in which R. sarba is reported to be a protandrous hermaphrodite. However, it is possible that a few of the fish that are above the size at first maturity and possess, during the spawning period, ovotestes with relatively substantial amounts of both mature testicular and immature ovarian tissue, could function as males early in adult life and then change to females. Although R. sarba spawns at some time between late winter and late spring in Western Australia, spawning peaks later in the Swan River Estuary than in coastal, marine waters at the same latitude and Shark Bay, in which salinities are always close to or above that of full strength sea water, i.e. 35 ñ . While the males and females attain sexual maturity at very similar lengths in the Swan River Estuary and Shark Bay, i.e. L50s all between 170 and 177 mm, they typically reach maturity at an earlier age in the former environment, i.e. 2 vs 3 years old. Thus, length and consequently growth rate influence the timing of maturity rather than age. During the spawning period, only 9 % of the fish caught between 180 and 260 mm in nearshore, shallow marine waters had become mature, whereas 91 % of those in this length range over reefs were mature, indicating that R. sarba tends to move offshore only when it has become gphysiologically ready to mature. The L50s at first maturity indicate that the current minimum legal length in Western Australia (230 mm) is appropriate for managing this species.
Oocyte diameter frequency distributions, stages in oocyte development, duration of oocyte hydration and time of formation of post-ovulatory follicles in mature ovaries of Rhabdosargus sarba in the lower Swan River Estuary (32o 03fS, 115o 44fE) were used, in conjunction with data on tidal cycles, to elucidate specific aspects of the reproductive biology of this sparid in an estuarine environment. The results demonstrated the following. (i) Rhabdosargus sarba has indeterminate fecundity sensu Hunter et al. (1985). (ii) Oocyte hydration commences at about dusk (18:30 h) and is completed by ca 01:30-04:30 h, at which time ovulation, as revealed by the presence of hydrated oocytes in the ovarian duct and appearance of newlyformed post-ovulatory follicles, commences. (iii) The prevalence of spawning was positively correlated with tidal strength and was greatest on days when the tide changed from flood to ebb at ca 06:00 h, i.e. approximately when spawning ceases. Spawning just prior to strong ebb tides would lead to the transport of eggs out of the estuary and thus into salinities that remain at ca 35 ñ . The likelihood of eggs being transported downstream is further enhanced by R. sarba spawning in deeper waters in the estuary, where the flow is greatest. (iv) Although mature ovaries were found in R. sarba in the estuary between early July and December, the prevalence of atretic oocytes was high until September, when salinities started rising markedly from their winter minima. Batch fecundities ranged from 2,416 for a 188 mm fish to 53,707 for a 266 mm fish. The average daily prevalence of spawning amongst mature females during the spawning period of R. sarba caught in the lower estuary, i.e. July to end of October, was 36.5 %. Thus, individual female R. sarba spawned, on average, at intervals of ca 2.7 days in each spawning season. Female R. sarba with total lengths of 200, 250 and 300 mm were estimated to have a batch fecundity of 7,400, 20,100 and 54,800 eggs, respectively and annual fecundities of 332,000, 903,000 and 2,461,000 eggs, respectively.
Rhabdosargus sarba is shown to undergo size-related movements in each of the three very different environments in which it was studied. In temperate coastal waters, R. sarba settles in unvegetated nearshore areas and then moves progressively firstly to nearby seagrass beds and then to exposed unvegetated nearshore areas and finally to areas around reefs where spawning occurs. Although R. sarba spawns in the lower Swan River Estuary, relatively few of its early 0+ recruits remain in the estuary and substantial numbers of this species do not start reappearing in the estuary until they are ca 140 mm. In Shark Bay, R. sarba uses nearshore mangroves as a nursery area and later moves into areas around reefs. The maximum ages recorded for R. sarba in coastal marine waters (11 years) and Shark Bay (13 years) were far greater than in the lower Swan River Estuary (6 years). However, the maximum lengths recorded in these three environments were all ca 350 mm. Due to the production by size-related movements of differences amongst the lengths of R. sarba at given ages in different habitats in coastal marine waters, the composite suite of lengths at age was not fully representative of the population of this species as a whole in this environment. A von Bertalanffy growth curve, which was adjusted to take into account size related changes in habitat type, significantly improved the fit to the lengths at age of individuals in the composite samples for the population beyond that provided by the unadjusted von Bertalanffy growth curve. This resulted in the maximum difference between the estimates of length at age from the two growth curves, relative to the L derived from the unadjusted von Bertalanffy curve, reaching a value equivalent to 8 %. However, the maximum differences for the corresponding curves for populations in the lower Swan River Estuary and Shark Bay were far less, i.e. 1.7 and 3.2 %, respectively, and thus not considered biologically significant. Rhabdosargus sarba grew slightly faster in the lower Swan River Estuary than in either coastal marine waters or Shark Bay, possibly reflecting the greater productivity of estuarine environments.
Acanthopagrus latus is a protandrous hermaphrodite. Detailed macroscopic and histological examination of the gonads of a wide size range of fish, together with a quantification of how the prevalences of the different categories of gonad change with size and age and during the year, were used to elucidate the sequence of changes that occur in the ovotestes of A. latus during life. The scheme proposed in the present study for the protandrous changes in A. latus differed from those proposed for this species elsewhere, but was similar to that of Pollock (1985) for the congeneric Acanthopagrus australis. The ovotestes of functional males develop from gonads which, as in older juveniles, contain substantial amounts of testicular and ovarian tissue. Such ovotestes, and particularly their testicular component, regress markedly after spawning and then, during the next spawning season, either again become ovotestes in which the testicular zone predominates and contains spermatids and spermatozoa (functional males), or become ovotestes in which the ovarian zone predominates and contains vitellogenic oocytes (functional females). Once a fish has become a functional female, it remains a female throughout the rest of its life. The trends exhibited during the year by reproductive variables demonstrate that A. latus in Shark Bay typically spawns on a very limited number of occasions during a short period in August and September and has determinate fecundity. The potential annual fecundities of 24 A. latus ranged from 764,000 in a 600 g fish to 7,910,000 in a 2,050 g fish and produced a mean }1SE of 1,935,000 } 281,000. The total length at which 50 % of A. latus become identifiable as males (245 mm) is very similar to the current minimum legal length (MLL) of 250 mm, which corresponds to an age of 2.5 years less than the age at which 50 % of males become females. Current spawning potential ratios calculated over a range of alternative values for natural mortality (M) for A. latus in Shark Bay suggests that the present fishing pressure is sustainable, but that the current MLL should be reviewed if recreational fishing pressure continues to increase.
The age composition and von Bertalanffy growth parameters for Acanthopagrus latus have been determined. The relevant parameters were inserted into the empirical equations of Pauly (1980) and Ralston (1987) for estimating natural mortality (M). Total mortality (Z) was calculated using Hoenigfs (1983) equations, relative abundance analysis and a simulation based on maximum age and sample size.The two point estimates for M for A. latus, which were both 0.70 year-1, greatly exceeded all estimates for Z (range 0.18 to 0.30 year-1), which is clearly an erroneous result. To resolve this problem of inconsistent estimates, a Bayesian approach was developed, which, through combining the likelihood distributions of the various mortality estimates, produced integrated estimates for M and Z that are more consistent and precise than those produced for these two variables using the above methods individually. This approach now yielded lower values for M than Z and a measure of fishing mortality that appears to be consistent with the current status of the fishery. This approach is equally applicable to other fish species.
31
Hesp, Sybrand Alexander. "Biology of two species of sparid on the west coast of Australia." Hesp, Sybrand Alexander (2003) Biology of two species of sparid on the west coast of Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/76/.
Full textAbstract:
Various aspects of the biology of the tarwhine Rhabdosargus sarba and western yellowfin bream Acanthopagrus latus were studied. The studies on R. sarba have focused on populations in temperate coastal marine waters at ca 32 degrees S and the lower reaches of an estuary (Swan River Estuary) located at the same latitude and in a subtropical embayment (Shark Bay) at ca 26 degrees S, while those on A. latus were conducted on the population in the latter embayment.
A combination of a macroscopic and histological examination of the gonads demonstrated that R. sarba is typically a rudimentary hermaphrodite in Western Australian waters, i.e. the juveniles develop into either a male or female in which the ovarian and testicular zones of the gonads, respectively, are macroscopically undetectable. This contrasts with the situation in the waters off Hong Kong and South Africa, in which R. sarba is reported to be a protandrous hermaphrodite. However, it is possible that a few of the fish that are above the size at first maturity and possess, during the spawning period, ovotestes with relatively substantial amounts of both mature testicular and immature ovarian tissue, could function as males early in adult life and then change to females. Although R. sarba spawns at some time between late winter and late spring in Western Australia, spawning peaks later in the Swan River Estuary than in coastal, marine waters at the same latitude and Shark Bay, in which salinities are always close to or above that of full strength sea water, i.e. 35 0/00. While the males and females attain sexual maturity at very similar lengths in the Swan River Estuary and Shark Bay, i.e. L50s all between 170 and 177 mm, they typically reach maturity at an earlier age in the former environment, i.e. 2 vs 3 years old. Thus, length and consequently growth rate influence the timing of maturity rather than age. During the spawning period, only 9 % of the fish caught between 180 and 260 mm in nearshore, shallow marine waters had become mature, whereas 91 % of those in this length range over reefs were mature, indicating that R. sarba tends to move offshore only when it has become physiologically ready to mature. The L50s at first maturity indicate that the current minimum legal length in Western Australia (230 mm) is appropriate for managing this species.
Oocyte diameter frequency distributions, stages in oocyte development, duration of oocyte hydration and time of formation of post-ovulatory follicles in mature ovaries of Rhabdosargus sarba in the lower Swan River Estuary (32 degrees 03'S, 115 degrees 44'E) were used, in conjunction with data on tidal cycles, to elucidate specific aspects of the reproductive biology of this sparid in an estuarine environment. The results demonstrated the following. (i) Rhabdosargus sarba has indeterminate fecundity sensu Hunter et al. (1985). (ii) Oocyte hydration commences at about dusk (18:30 h) and is completed by ca 01:30-04:30 h, at which time ovulation, as revealed by the presence of hydrated oocytes in the ovarian duct and appearance of newlyformed post-ovulatory follicles, commences. (iii) The prevalence of spawning was positively correlated with tidal strength and was greatest on days when the tide changed from flood to ebb at ca 06:00 h, i.e. approximately when spawning ceases. Spawning just prior to strong ebb tides would lead to the transport of eggs out of the estuary and thus into salinities that remain at ca 35 0/00. The likelihood of eggs being transported downstream is further enhanced by R. sarba spawning in deeper waters in the estuary, where the flow is greatest. (iv) Although mature ovaries were found in R. sarba in the estuary between early July and December, the prevalence of atretic oocytes was high until September, when salinities started rising markedly from their winter minima. Batch fecundities ranged from 2,416 for a 188 mm fish to 53,707 for a 266 mm fish. The average daily prevalence of spawning amongst mature females during the spawning period of R. sarba caught in the lower estuary, i.e. July to end of October, was 36.5 %. Thus, individual female R. sarba spawned, on average, at intervals of ca 2.7 days in each spawning season. Female R. sarba with total lengths of 200, 250 and 300 mm were estimated to have a batch fecundity of 7,400, 20,100 and 54,800 eggs, respectively and annual fecundities of 332,000, 903,000 and 2,461,000 eggs, respectively.
Rhabdosargus sarba is shown to undergo size-related movements in each of the three very different environments in which it was studied. In temperate coastal waters, R. sarba settles in unvegetated nearshore areas and then moves progressively firstly to nearby seagrass beds and then to exposed unvegetated nearshore areas and finally to areas around reefs where spawning occurs. Although R. sarba spawns in the lower Swan River Estuary, relatively few of its early 0+ recruits remain in the estuary and substantial numbers of this species do not start reappearing in the estuary until they are ca 140 mm. In Shark Bay, R. sarba uses nearshore mangroves as a nursery area and later moves into areas around reefs. The maximum ages recorded for R. sarba in coastal marine waters (11 years) and Shark Bay (13 years) were far greater than in the lower Swan River Estuary (6 years). However, the maximum lengths recorded in these three environments were all ca 350 mm. Due to the production by size-related movements of differences amongst the lengths of R. sarba at given ages in different habitats in coastal marine waters, the composite suite of lengths at age was not fully representative of the population of this species as a whole in this environment. A von Bertalanffy growth curve, which was adjusted to take into account size related changes in habitat type, significantly improved the fit to the lengths at age of individuals in the composite samples for the population beyond that provided by the unadjusted von Bertalanffy growth curve. This resulted in the maximum difference between the estimates of length at age from the two growth curves, relative to the L derived from the unadjusted von Bertalanffy curve, reaching a value equivalent to 8 %. However, the maximum differences for the corresponding curves for populations in the lower Swan River Estuary and Shark Bay were far less, i.e. 1.7 and 3.2 %, respectively, and thus not considered biologically significant. Rhabdosargus sarba grew slightly faster in the lower Swan River Estuary than in either coastal marine waters or Shark Bay, possibly reflecting the greater productivity of estuarine environments.
Acanthopagrus latus is a protandrous hermaphrodite. Detailed macroscopic and histological examination of the gonads of a wide size range of fish, together with a quantification of how the prevalences of the different categories of gonad change with size and age and during the year, were used to elucidate the sequence of changes that occur in the ovotestes of A. latus during life. The scheme proposed in the present study for the protandrous changes in A. latus differed from those proposed for this species elsewhere, but was similar to that of Pollock (1985) for the congeneric Acanthopagrus australis. The ovotestes of functional males develop from gonads which, as in older juveniles, contain substantial amounts of testicular and ovarian tissue. Such ovotestes, and particularly their testicular component, regress markedly after spawning and then, during the next spawning season, either again become ovotestes in which the testicular zone predominates and contains spermatids and spermatozoa (functional males), or become ovotestes in which the ovarian zone predominates and contains vitellogenic oocytes (functional females). Once a fish has become a functional female, it remains a female throughout the rest of its life. The trends exhibited during the year by reproductive variables demonstrate that A. latus in Shark Bay typically spawns on a very limited number of occasions during a short period in August and September and has determinate fecundity. The potential annual fecundities of 24 A. latus ranged from 764,000 in a 600 g fish to 7,910,000 in a 2,050 g fish and produced a mean [plus-minus]1SE of 1,935,000 [plus-minus] 281,000. The total length at which 50 % of A. latus become identifiable as males (245 mm) is very similar to the current minimum legal length (MLL) of 250 mm, which corresponds to an age of 2.5 years less than the age at which 50 % of males become females. Current spawning potential ratios calculated over a range of alternative values for natural mortality (M) for A. latus in Shark Bay suggests that the present fishing pressure is sustainable, but that the current MLL should be reviewed if recreational fishing pressure continues to increase.
The age composition and von Bertalanffy growth parameters for Acanthopagrus latus have been determined. The relevant parameters were inserted into the empirical equations of Pauly (1980) and Ralston (1987) for estimating natural mortality (M). Total mortality (Z) was calculated using Hoenig's (1983) equations, relative abundance analysis and a simulation based on maximum age and sample size.The two point estimates for M for A. latus, which were both 0.70 year-1, greatly exceeded all estimates for Z (range 0.18 to 0.30 year-1), which is clearly an erroneous result. To resolve this problem of inconsistent estimates, a Bayesian approach was developed, which, through combining the likelihood distributions of the various mortality estimates, produced integrated estimates for M and Z that are more consistent and precise than those produced for these two variables using the above methods individually. This approach now yielded lower values for M than Z and a measure of fishing mortality that appears to be consistent with the current status of the fishery. This approach is equally applicable to other fish species.
32
Bolduc, Steven J. "Fluxes across the west coast resolved by Picket Fence observations during STORMFEST." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28225.
Full textAbstract:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedMeteorological features that force mesoscale weather systems that develop in the central U.S. often form far upstream over the data-sparse Pacific Ocean. It is hypothesized that the temporal and spatial resolution of the current rawinsonde network along the west coast may not he sufficient to detect and measure flow features moving inland. During the STORMFEST experiment in February-March 1992, a Picket Fence' of seven rawinsonde stations were interspersed among the seven regular rawinsonde sites from Port Hardy, British Columbia to San Diego, CA. All sites obtained observations every 3 hours rather than the normal 12 hours. The objective was to examine the feasibility of utilizing extra observations in time and space to improve upstream boundary conditions for forecasts of mesoscale weather events in the central U.S. Fluxes of mass, heat, momentum, moisture, kinetic energy, and potential energy across the west coast resolved with various spatial and temporal combinations of Picket Fence data were compared with the 12-h regular site sondes as the standard. In the best case in which a wave system creased the middle of the Picket Fence, significantly different fluxes were calculated with the full spatial and 3 h Picket Fence observations. For other systems that crossed near the ends of the axis, only small changes were detected by the additional observations
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O'Donnell, David. "Geochemical associations of metals and organic matter in west coast Scottish sediments." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11225.
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Kessler, Phillip R. "Ready Reserve Force : West Coast activation in support of Operation Desert Shield." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26719.
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Massey, Anthony Carl. "Holocene sea-level changes along the Channel coast of south-west England." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/476.
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A Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) history for the south Devon coast is reconstructed through an analysis of twelve cores extracted from the coastal back-barrier environments of Bantham Sands, North Sands, Slapton Sands and Blackpool Sands. Foraminifera preserved in the sediments are assigned an indicative meaning based on the vertical distribution of their modem counterparts from contemporary salt marsh and mudflat environments in the Erme and Salcombe-Kingsbridge estuaries. The contemporary data provide the first inter-tidal (-2.6 to +2.6 m MTL) foraminifera-based transfer function for south-west England from which sea-level changes can be predicted with good precision (RMSEP = ±0.29 m). Sea-level index points (SLIPs) from basal facies provide the longterm (103 yr) RSL history. SLIPs derived from non-basal minerogenic and peat sequences are subject to post-depositional consolidation and a vertical correction, using the Paul and Baffas (1998) method, was therefore applied to these index points. The vertical displacement of fine minerogenic sediments ranges from <0.1 m above basal facies to >1 m at minerogenic-peat contacts, increasing to >2 m in organic peat facies. The age of each SLIP is obtained by AMS 14C dating of bulk sediment or plant material. The electrical resistivity method of geophysical survey provides additional subsurface mapping information of the back-barrier sediments, and the lithostratigraphic results support the view that a complex barrier-lagoon system existed along the south Devon coastline during the early Holocene. Almost 13 m of RSL rise occurred along the south Devon coastline ca. 9000 to 4400 cal years BP. The rate of early Holocene RSL rise is -5.4 ± 2.1 m/ka and -1.1 ± 0.2 m/ka during the mid- to late Holocene. The pattern and rate of RSL rise is similar to other sea-level curves produced for the region. Lambeck's (1993a, b, 1995) geophysical model predictions fit the data well during the early Holocene but Peltier's (1998) model is the best overall fit of the robust data used to reconstruct the early to mid- Holocene RSL history. Rates of middle to late Holocene sea-level rise are generally faster than the models predict. The area is still undergoing glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA) equating to a coastal land subsidence of -1.16 m/ka since ca. 4400 cal years BP. The dataset increases the current Holocene SLIP database for the south-west peninsula and southern Britain by 23% and for south Devon by almost fivefold.
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Sagewalker, Alex C. "Inverts, variants, and deviates West Coast lesbians of the forties and fifties." Scholarly Commons, 1998. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2330.
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The purpose of this thesis is to recall a period of history when women were expected to adhere to a rigid societal structure. It captures a glimpse of a few women's lives in California who courageously came forth to promote a positive identity for lesbians in the hearts of their budding community. Although lesbians of California will be the only women addressed in this study, lesbians and gay men in several states were active in setting the stage for the eruption of Stonewall, which marked the beginning of the Gay Liberation Movement.
The women participating in this study have provided an illuminating personalized view of lesbian life within the context of the butch-fern phenomenon and their subculture's collision with mainstream society.
Marge Frantz is included even though she could not reveal the fact that she was a lesbian, but she is an example of a lesbian who took great risks and suffered many hardships in her political endeavors.
Conclusions drawn illustrate comparisons between the 1940s and 1950s lesbian subculture and that of today's lesbian community. This includes how expectations of lesbians have changed from one generation to the next, and what sparked the shift in those expectations.
Research methods include conducting a series of personal interviews, investigating archival material, and supplementing the data with secondary sources.
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Campher, Curnell. "Geological modeling of the offshore Orange Basin, west coast of South Africa." UWC, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2852.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScSeparation between the South American and African plate’s occurred along the present day Atlantic margin during the Middle to Late Jurassic leading to the formation of a passive margin along the west coast of Southern Africa. The margin then later developed into the large Orange Basin flanking the west coasts of South Africa and Namibia. The Orange Basin on the west coast of South Africa covers an area of roughly 130 000 square kilometers relevant to the 200 m isobath and has roughly one well drilled for every 4000 square kilometers. The basin has proven hydrocarbon reserves and potential for further discoveries. The study area is located within South African exploration licencing blocks 3A/4A and 3B/4B and covers a region of roughly 97 km by 150 km. The study aims at understanding the geological processes responsible for the formation of the Orange Basin with a focus on the evolution of source rock maturity. The methodology involved utilizing the Petrel software for seismic interpretation and well correlation utilising twodimensional seismic data and all the relevant well data including geological well logs, petrophysical well logs, well top data, check-shot data, borehole temperature data and geochemical well data such as Rock Eval and vitrinite reflectance data. PetroMod (IES, Version 10) was utilized to simulate the Orange Basin evolution and the affect on source rock maturity. Seismic interpretation of the Post-Hauterivian succession shows a relative thickening of the sedimentary sequence westward as the basin evolves from the early drift to complete drift phase. Results from the petroleum system modeling indicate that the Barremian - Early Aptian source rock is at present overmature and producing mostly gas in the shelf areas whereas the potential for oil are most likely present in the deep water area of the basin where Tertiary progradation has resulted in renewed petroleum generation. Petroleum system modeling results indicate that the younger Cenomanian - Turonian source rock is less mature than the older Barremian - Early Aptian source rock as indicated by a lower transformation ratio and is mainly producing oil.
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Mortimer, John. "Evolution of the early Proterozoic Toumodi Volcanic Group and associated rocks, Ivory Coast." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253738.
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Ishikawa, Rei. "Historical shoreline change and beach morphodynamics at Rapahoe Bay, West Coast, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1507.
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This thesis utilises a range of methodologies to investigate the historical shoreline change and beach morphodynamics at Rapahoe Bay, West Coast, New Zealand. Rapahoe Bay is a small embayment located 15 km north of Greymouth, and contains a complex and dynamic environment under a dominant swell condition. The objectives of this thesis include the investigation the coastline history through aerial photographs and relevant literature, identify and quantify historical shoreline change and the processes that have induced change, examine the short term and seasonal changes in beach profile, identify and quantify wave and transport process and to test the applicability of the zeta shoreline curve on a composite beach. This combined approach investigates the dynamics and process drivers involved in coastline change. This thesis contributes to the research gap of understanding morphodynamic behaviour and controls of composite beach under a dominant swell. Composite beaches types are a variation from mixed sand and gravel beaches with distinct morphological differences. This thesis provides an insight in to the morphodynamic behaviour of composite beaches. The study area contains a small village based by the shoreline and the potential coastal hazard that threatens people, property and infrastructure. Therefore the results from this thesis have an important management implication towards mitigating coastal hazards. The historical coastline change was induced through a combination of wave processes and transport, composite beach morphodynamic behaviour, anthropogenic influence and planform shape. Results show that human infrastructure restricted the retreat of a small hapua landward of the gravel barrier. A combination of change in sediment supply, consistent sediment transport and a high wave energy environment resulted in rapid landward retreat through gravel rollover and coastal erosion. The gravel barrier morphodynamics include increase in crest elevation, steeper shore gradients as a response to high swells resulting in erosion or rollover. The wave environment includes a sediment transport hinge point due to a dominant wave refraction and changes in the shoreline orientation, which further induces coastal erosion. The valid applicability of the zeta planform shape concludes that the shoreline may further iii retreat due to geological controls, potential sediment transport and the transgressive nature of the composite beaches. The combination of methods and results provide both quantified historical change and also potential future scenarios of coastline reshaping. These methods and results are applicable not only to Rapahoe but along other West Coast composite beaches, and the validity of the combination of methods provides a greater understanding of the behaviour of morphodynamic composite beaches and provides quantified results of historical shoreline change and sediment transport at the field site.
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Maubach, Bianca. "Benchmarking Best Practices in Decreasing Animal Shelter Euthanasia Rates Across the West Coast." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555559.
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Cats and dogs are companion animals kept as domestic pets primarily to keep a person company, for protection, and for entertainment. Around 7.6 million companion animals end up in American shelters every year for a variety of reasons such as divorce, foreclosure, economic problems, etc. Unfortunately, 9,000 companion animals are euthanized every single day in America’s shelters and about 3 million animals per year. This is an important problem that every animal admitted to a shelter is facing. This research project helps identify and indicate successful interventions to reduce euthanasia rates and correlations to advance improvements in animal welfare across the West Coast States. The study results indicate that cats are at a disadvantage when admitted to American shelters since their euthanasia rates are high at around 59 percent and reduced to 23 percent after successful programs were implemented. The highest euthanasia rate for dogs was found with 35 percent in the fiscal year 2008-2009 while 71 percent of all cats were euthanized in the same facility Successful implementations found in this study could be used for educational purposes and implementation in other shelters to save thousands of lives of companion animals dropped off every day at U.S. shelters.
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Chase, Brian. "Late Quaternary palaeoenvironments of the west coast of South Africa : the aeolian record." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423345.
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Miller, Craig J. "Conservation ecology of riparian forest within the agricultural landscape: West Coast, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4801.
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This study seeks to determine the spatial extent and characteristics of riparian forest on the South Island's West Coast, and to examine the ecological status and condition of riparian forest patches within the West Coast's agricultural landscape. The majority of West Coast riparian forest occurs on south Westland floodplains. Further north these forests were found to comprise <20% of the vegetation cover in 16/27 of the region's Ecological Districts. Today >80 000 ha (53%) of the floodplains are in pasture, and <1% of the farmed areas are in indigenous forest. Remaining forests on the farmed floodplains are comprised of many small patches (mean size 3.7 ± 0.3 ha), with only 13 patches 9 ha.
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Schulte, Daniel. "Kinematics of the Paparoa Metamorphic Core Complex, West Coast, South Island, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5459.
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The Paparoa Metamorphic Core Complex developed in the Mid-Cretaceous due to continental extension conditioning the crust for the eventual breakup of the Gondwana Pacific Margin, which separated Australia and New Zealand. It has two detachment systems: the top-NE-displacing Ohika Detachment at the northern end of the complex and the top-SW-displacing Pike Detachment at the southern end of the complex. The structure is rather unusual for core complexes worldwide, which are commonly characterised by a single detachment system. Few suggestions for the kinematics of the core complex development have been made so far. In this study structural-, micrographic- and fission track analyses were applied to investigate the bivergent character and to constrain the kinematics of the core complex. The new results combined with reinterpretations of previous workers’ observations reveal a detailed sequence of the core complex exhumation and the subsequent development.
Knowledge about the influence and the timing of the two respective detachments is critical for understanding the structural evolution of the core complex. The syntectonic Buckland Granite plays a key role in the determination of the importance of the two detachment systems. Structural evidence shows that the Pike Detachment is responsible for most of the exhumation, while the Ohika Detachment is a mere complexity. In contrast to earlier opinions the southwestern normal fault system predates the northeastern one. The Buckland Pluton records the ceasing pervasive influence of the Pike Detachment, while activity on the Ohika Detachment had effect on the surface about ~8 Ma later.
Most fission track ages are not related to the core complex stage, but reflect the younger late Cretaceous history. They show post core complex burial and renewed exhumation in two phases, which are regionally linked to the development of the adjacent Paparoa Basin and the Paparoa Coal Measures to the southwest and to the inception of seafloor spreading in the Tasman Sea in a larger context.
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Livingstone, Suzanne Rachel. "Sea turtle ecology and conservation on the North Coast of Trinidad, West Indies." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4323/.
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Five species of sea turtle are known to nest on the north and east coast beaches of Trinidad, West Indies. In descending order of abundance: the leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), the hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), the green (Chelonia mydas), the olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) and the loggerhead (Caretta caretta). This thesis investigates a number of aspects of the ecology and conservation of the sea turtles nesting and foraging on the north coast. Prior to this project, little research had been carried out on the north coast region, largely due to the difficulties of accessing the nesting beaches. The main aims of the project include making reliable estimates of the annual nesting population size of each species, to identify the main threats to the turtles at various life stages, and to make recommendations on how best to conserve the sea turtles in Trinidad. Overall, this thesis offers an up-to-date overview of the status of the sea turtle populations nesting on the north coast of Trinidad. The results presented here highlight Trinidad’s importance as a region for turtles, especially for nesting leatherbacks, foraging greens and nesting and foraging hawksbills. This study will be useful in assisting the Trinidadian Government to meet their obligations under the Biodiversity Convention, and in facilitating the assessment of the remaining leatherbacks in the Atlantic. Recommendations are made for future conservation and management.
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Zimri, Irma Selina. "The complexities and possibilities of health data utilization in the West Coast District." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6175.
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Magister Commercii - MCom (IM) (Information Management)In an ideal public health arena, scientific evidence should be incorporated in the health information practices of making management decisions, developing policies, and implementing programs. However, much effort has been spent in developing health information practices focusing mainly on data collection, data quality and processing, with relatively little development on the utilization side of the information spectrum. Although the South Africa Health National Indicator Dataset of 2013 routinely collects and reports on more than two hundred elements, the degree to which this information is being used is not empirically known. The overall aim of the study was to explore the dynamics of routine primary healthcare information utilization in the West Coast district while identifying specific interventions that could ultimately lead to the improved use of data to better inform decision making. The ultimate goal being to enable managers to better utilize their routine health information for effective decision making.
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Björklund, Sofie. "Naturally ProducedOrganohalogens in Algae from the Baltic Sea and the Swedish West Coast." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-154378.
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Hollenbeck, Janine L. "The Challenge of U.S. West Coast Earthquake Response| Federal Urban Search and Rescue." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10637715.
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Saving lives is the highest priority of catastrophic disaster response. Fundamental to catastrophic earthquake planning efforts is the integration of life-saving federal urban search and rescue capabilities. Four U.S. West Coast State / FEMA joint catastrophic earthquake plans were analyzed and compared for the inclusion of critical federal urban search and rescue requirements. Significant gaps in specific critical search and rescue capabilities information were identified in the quantitative analysis. The planning gaps may decrease the deployment response time of life-saving resources into the incident area. Further analysis indicates a potential national shortfall in the determination of specific requirements in other State / FEMA joint plans, which could potentially delay lifesaving search and rescue activities. Federal urban search and rescue capabilities are ready to support survivors, but identifying time-critical search and rescue teams and equipment ready for rapid deployment into the incident area to save lives remains a challenge.
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Eygelaar, Johanna Elizabeth. "An investigation into factors influencing the quality of nursing care in district hospitals in the West Coast Winelands region of the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4042.
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Thesis (MCur (Nursing Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Every patient comes to a hospital with the expectation of getting quality care. It is not always within the ability of nursing personnel to give quality care in the work situation. Guided by the research question “What are the factors influencing the quality of nursing care in district hospitals in the West Coast Winelands Region of the Western Cape?” a scientific investigation was undertaken. The goal of this study was to identify the factors which influence the quality of nursing care in the eight (8) district hospitals of the West Coast Winelands Region of the Western Cape. The objectives set for the study were: to determine whether staffing is adequate for all activities; to evaluate what the perceptions of the nursing staff is about their current working situation; to determine what the effect of the absence of full time doctors are on the management of patient care; to evaluate whether adequate equipment is available for the execution of nursing care and to evaluate whether adequate provisions for the execution of nursing care is done. A descriptive non-experimental design with a quantitative approach was applied. The population for this study was all the nursing staff available at the time of data collection, working in the eight district hospitals of the West Coast Winelands Region. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The final sample of nursing staff was N= 280 of a total population of 340 – all the members were invited to participate. Reliability and validity were assured by means of a pilot study and the use of experts in nursing research, methodology and statistics. Data were collected personally by the researcher. Ethical approval was obtained from Stellenbosch University and various health authorities. Informed written consent was obtained from the participants. The data was analyzed with the support of the statistician; it was expressed in frequencies, tables and histograms. Comparisons between variables were made using either ANOVA (Analysis of variance) techniques or cross-tabulations with the Chi-square test. The 95% confidence interval was applied to determine whether there was an association between the various variables. The analysis shows that participants of the separate wards hospitals N=142 (90%) and the mixed wards type hospitals N=113 (95%) disagree that staff provision (numbers) is adequate. From the analysis it is clear that the patient documentation is not up to standard. A statistical significant correlation between hospital type and adequate time for the completion of written records (Chisquare Test p=0.00) was shown. Management N=13 (100%), registered nurses N=80 (86%), enrolled nurses N=63 (86%) and nursing assistants N= 81 (83%) disagree that it is not necessary to act beyond their scope of practice. The following recommendations were made: Safe staffing levels have to be determined; qualify staff with the necessary skills; where unit managers are still lacking, they have to be appointed; to make personnel development possible for staff; continuous auditing of patient documentation. It is necessary that there is always adequate equipment and consumables. More training is necessary for the effective and efficient implementation of the Batho Pele principles.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Elke pasiënt kom na ‘n hospitaal met die verwagting om kwaliteit verpleegsorg te ontvang. Dit is nie altyd binne die vermoë van die verpleegpersoneel om sodanige diens te kan lewer nie. “Watter faktore het ‘n invloed op die lewering van gehalteverpleegsorg in die distrikhospitale van die Weskus Wynlandstreek in die Wes Kaap? het die wetenskaplike ondersoek gelei. Die doel van die studie is om die faktore te identifiseer wat ‘n invloed het op die lewering van gehalteverpleegsorg in die ag (8) distrikhospitale van die Weskus Wynlandstreek in die Wes Kaap. Die doelwitte van die studie is: om te bepaal of personeelvoorsiening voldoende is vir al die aktiwiteite; om te evalueer wat die persepsies is van die verpleegpersoneel betreffende hulle huidige werksituasie, om te bepaal watter effek die afwesigheid van voltydse geneeshere het op pasiënte sorg; om te evalueer of toerusting voldoende is vir pasiënte sorg; om te evalueer of daar voldoende voorsiening gemaak is vir die lewering van pasiënte sorg. ‘n Beskrywende, nie-eksperimentele ontwerp as metodologie is gebruik met ‘n kwantitatiewe benadering. Die bevolking betreffende die studie was alle verpleegpersoneel, werksaam tydens die insameling van die data in die ag distrikhospitale van die Weskus Wynlandstreek. ‘n Gestruktureerde vraelys was gebruik om die data te versamel. Die finale steekproef van die verpleegpersoneel was 280 uit die totale bevolking van 340. Betroubaarheid en geldigheid is verseker deur middel van ‘n loodstudie, en deur gebruik te maak van kenners betreffende verpleegnavorsing, metodologie en statistieke. Data is persoonlik deur die navorser ingesamel. Etiese goedkeuring was verkry vanaf die Universiteit van Stellenbosch en die verskeie gesondheidsowerhede. Ingeligde, skriftelike toestemming is van elke deelnemer verkry. Data is ontleed met die ondersteuning van die statistikus en is uitgedruk in die vorm van frekwensies, tabelle en histogramme. Vergelykings tussen die veranderlikes was gedoen deur gebruik te maak van ANOVA (analise met betrekking tot variansie) en kruis-tabulerings met die Chi-kwadraat toets. 95% Betroubaarheidsinterval is toegepas om te bepaal of daar ‘n assosiasie was tussen die onderskeie veranderlikes. Die analise het getoon dat deelnemers betreffende die hospitale met aparte afdelings N=142 (90%) en die gemengde sale hospitale N=113 (95%) verskil, betreffende die stelling dat daar voldoende personeelgetalle is. Dokumentasie is volgens die analise nie op standaard nie. ‘n Statistiese betekenisvolle korrelasie is verkry met betrekking tot die hospitaal tipe en voldoende tyd betreffende volledige geskrewe dokumentasie (Chi-kwadraat Toets p=0.00). Verpleegbestuur N=13 (100%), geregistreerde verpleegkundiges N=80 (86%), stafverpleegsters N=63 (86%) en verpleegassistente N=81 (83%) het verskil met die stelling dat dit nie nodig is om buite bestek van hul praktyk te werk nie. Die volgende aanbevelings is gemaak: die bepaling van veilige personeel vlakke moet gedoen word; voldoende personeel moet gekwalifiseer word met die nodige vaardighede. Eenheidsbestuurders moet aangestel word waar dit ontbreek; personeelontwikkeling moet moontlik wees en deurlopende oudits van dokumentasie moet plaasvind. Voldoende toerusting en voorraad is nodig om kwaliteit verpleegsorg moontlik te maak. Verdere opleiding in die beginsels van Batho Pele is nodig ten einde effektiewe en doeltreffende implementering daarvan moontlik te maak.
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Joubert, J. R. "An investigation of the wave energy resource on the South African Coast, focusing on the spatial distribution of the South West coast." Thesis, Link to the Internet, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/351.
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Demerse, Deirdre K. "Sinsistral high strain in the Coast Mountains near Bella Coola, West Central British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2465.
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The Bella Coola area geographically straddles two zones of known Early to mid-Cretaceous sinistral ductile strain; the Grenville, Kitkatla, and Principe-Laredo shear zones to the northwest located near Prince Rupert, B.C., and the Tchaikazan fault system to the southeast. At the latitude of Bella Coola in west-central B.C., the Pootlass High Strain Zone (PHSZ) is a ductile, subvertical, shear zone system at least 2 km wide and at least 30 km long. The purpose of this study is to determine the age, kinematics, and tectonic significance of the PHSZ, and to investigate whether or not it was active as a kinematic link to Early to mid-Cretaceous sinistral ductile strain zones in the western Canadian Cordillera. This thesis reports recent observations from field mapping and new geochronological, microstructural, and petrological data, from which the PHSZ is characterized and placed into a regional tectonic framework.
U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar isotopic geochronology indicate that regionally extensive, southwest-vergent folding in the PHSZ area was active prior to 114 Ma and persisted until at least 73 Ma. High-temperature, ductile, sinistral non-coaxial strain in the PHSZ was accommodated between 76 (or earlier) and 62 Ma. Localization of high strain is associated with the emplacement of plutonic rock and abundant intrusive sills, which likely acted as a strain-softening mechanism. L-tectonites within the deformed plutonic rocks attest to the weakness of the rocks during deformation and support syn-kinematic magmatism. Geothermometric and petrological data suggest that deformation occurred at temperatures of 537 to 731°C and at crustal depths of —23 km.
The PHSZ is interpreted to be kinematically related to the Talchako Fault to the east, which was active as a sinistral mylonitic shear zone between 70 and 65 Ma. A kinematic relationship between the PHSZ and the Grenville, Kitkatla and Principe-Laredo shear zones near Prince Rupert imply a protracted history of sinistral transpression in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia that persisted in the Bella Coola region through Late Cretaceous time.