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Journal articles on the topic 'West Africa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 March 2025

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1

Leissle, Kristy. "Invisible West Africa." Gastronomica 13, no. 3 (2013): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2013.13.3.22.

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With the rise of single origin chocolate—made with beans from one country, region, or plantation—today many bars name the source of their cocoa. Based on historical and statistical analyses, interviews with artisans, and examination of product packaging, this article discusses the limited visibility of West Africa among single origin bars. Although the region generates about 70% of cocoa traded on the world market, a comprehensive database of “premium bar chocolate” shows just 3.8% made with West African beans. This discrepancy is due to a complex imbrication of trade logistics, bean strain, and representational politics. U.S.-based artisans cite flavor limitations of the predominant Amelonado strain and difficulties procuring superior cocoa from the region. However, U.S. media representations of West Africa as a place of “trouble” (for example, of conflict, HIV/AIDS, and poverty), and especially allegations of slavery on Ivorian plantations, also make it difficult to source from West Africa. As product packaging often shows exotic and implicitly erotic origin sites, persistent negative stereotypes surrounding West Africa pose a challenge for quality-conscious makers committed to ethical sourcing.

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Coates, Oliver. "African American Journalists in World War II West Africa: The NNPA Commission Tour of 1944–1945." Journal of Asian and African Studies 57, no. 1 (November 2, 2021): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219096211054912.

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The National Negro Publishers Association (NNPA) Commission to West Africa in 1944–1945 represents a major episode in the history of World War II Africa, as well as in American–West Africa relations. Three African American reporters toured the Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Liberia, and the Congo between November 1944 and February 1945, before returning to Washington, DC to report to President Roosevelt. They documented their tour in the pages of the Baltimore Afro-American, the Chicago Defender, and the Norfolk Journal and Guide. Their Americans’ visit had a significant impact in wartime West Africa and was widely documented in the African press. This article examines the NNPA tour geographically, before analyzing American reporters’ interactions with West Africans, and assessing African responses to the tour. Drawing on both African American and West African newspapers, it situates the NNPA tour within the history of World War II West Africa, and in terms of African print culture. It argues that the NNPA tour became the focus of West African hopes for future political, economic, and intellectual relations with African Americans, while revealing how the NNPA reporters engaged African audiences during their tour.

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Yoroms, Gani. "The State, Security, and Intervention beyond West Africa: examining the arc of instability and conflict on the continent of Africa." UNET JOSS: Journal of Science and Society 2, no. 1 (May 9, 2022): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52042/unetjoss020102.

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Considering the tense moments of crises and conflicts which West Africa went through before the end of the Cold War, it was least expected that the post-cold-war era would unleash another moment of crisis—one that would be even more devastating to the entire continent. However, the end of the Cold War, and the events at the aftermath of 9/11, saw not only West Africa, but the entire African continent, immersed in a series of ongoing critical security paradoxes. This paper attempts to contribute to, and build upon, the insights of a key expert, Emmanuel Aning Kwesi, on the West Africa security conundrum as enunciated in the publication, “West Africa Security Perspectives: Kwesi Aning Explains,” published by the Danish Institute for International Studies. Emanuel Kwesi Aning, a Professor of Political Science and International Relations at the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre, Ghana, was tasked to explain how the West African subregion found itself smeared by critical security scenarios. Aning, in his discourse, focused on eight critical security challenges in the sub-region, including the weak nature of the state, the rise and existence of organised crime, illegal mining, climate change, demography and urbanization, armed robbery at sea and piracy, security, and intervention. This paper continues the dialogue with Kwesi Aning by summarizing the eight critical security paradoxes into three major areas: the character of the state, the nature of security, and the necessity for external intervention. This paper also goes beyond the West African scenario in which Professor Kwesi Aning situated his discourse and submits that this challenge is not only for West Africa, but for the entire continent.

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4

Strubbe, Linda E., and Bonaventure Okere. "West African International Summer School for Young Astronomers." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29A (August 2015): 395–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316003380.

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The West African International Summer School for Young Astronomers (WAISSYA) is a week-long program for university science students and teachers from West Africa to develop their interest in astronomy. The first summer school was held in Abuja, Nigeria, in 2013; the second Summer School was held in Nsukka, Nigeria, in July 2015. West Africa has a large number of students interested in science, but a paucity of facilities or interest from funding bodies in developing West African astronomy. Our broad goals for the WAISSYA program are: (1) to introduce West African students to astronomy; (2) to exchange ideas about teaching and learning in West Africa and abroad; and (3) to continue building a sustained astronomy partnership between West Africa and Canada. We now briefly describe three defining aspects of WAISSYA 2015.

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5

Bangura, Ahmed Sheikh. "Islam in West Africa." American Journal of Islam and Society 14, no. 3 (October 1, 1997): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v14i3.2271.

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Islam in West Africa is a collection of nineteen essays written by NehemiaLevtzion between 1963 and 1993. The book is divided into five sections. dealingwith different facets of the history and sociology of Islam in West Africa.The first section focuses on the patterns, characteristics, and agents of thespread of Islam. The author offers an approach to the study of the process of thatIslamization in West Africa that compares pattems of Islamizacion in medievalMali and Songhay to patterns in the Volta basin from the seventeenth to thenineteenth centuries. He also assesses the complex roles played by Africanchiefs and kings and slavery in the spread of Islam.Section two focuses on the subject of lslam and West African politics fromthe medieval period to the early nineteenth century. Levtzion identifies twotrend in African Islam: accommodation and militancy. Islam's early acceptancein West African societies was aided by the fact that Islam was initially seen asa supplement, and not as a substitute, to existing religious systems. Levtzionanalyzes the dynamics of Islam in African states as accommodation gave wayin time to tensions between the ruling authorities and Islamic scholars, callingfor a radical restructuring of the stare according to Islamic ideals. The tensionsbetween the Muslim clerics of Timbuktu and the medieval Songhay rulers. andthe ultimately adversarial relationship between Uthman dan Fodio and the Gobirleadership in eighteenth-century Hausaland, are singled out for sustained analysis ...

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6

Engmann, Rachel Ama Asaa. "(En)countering Orientalist Islamic Cultural Heritage Traditions: Theory, Discourse, and Praxis." Review of Middle East Studies 51, no. 2 (August 2017): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2017.97.

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West African Islamic cultural heritage is recurrently overlooked or marginalized in scholarly, museological, and popular imaginaries, despite contemporary burgeoning Western attentiveness to Islam. Historically, Orientalists and/or Islamicists exclude West Africa, and anthropologists study West African Islam due to its alleged lack of written Arabic andAjamitexts (Loimeier 2013; Saul 2006), despite textual and material evidence to the contrary. Existing literature on the material expressions of West African Islam, largely edited volumes and museum catalogues, direct attention to Islamic West Africa, rather than IslaminWest Africa, in other words, predominantly West African Muslim societies, and not those for whom Muslims comprise a minority (Adahl 1995; Insoll 2003; Roberts and Nooter Roberts 2003; for exceptions cf. Bravmann 1974, 1983, 2000). Analytically, the “Islamization of Africa” and “Africanization of Islam,” standard nomenclature customarily employed to describe the simultaneous processes at play in West African Islam (Loimier 2013), note the reciprocal relationship between Islam and pre-existing West African religious traditions shaped by local contexts, circumstances, subjectivities, and exigencies (Fisher 1973; Trimingham 1980). Accordingly, West African Islam's material manifestations labeled “inauthentic,” “syncretic,” “vernacular,” and “popular” are considered, inter alia, antithetical to “classical” Islam. Notwithstanding, so-called classical Islam represents the embodiment of a locally synthesized form that, over time and with repetition, has come to be conceptualized as “classical.” Yet, Islam has incorporated and translated an assortment of pre-existing ideals to adjust in ways viewed as neither regression, apostasy, plurality nor heterodoxy. And, West Africa proves no exception. Indubitably, West African Islamic cultural heritage is the heritage of the “‘Othered’ religion par excellence” (Preston-Blier 1993:148).

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7

Ibironke, Olabode. "West Africa." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 56, no. 4 (October 22, 2021): 701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219894211045891.

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8

BAH, ALHAJI M. S. "WEST AFRICA." African Security Review 14, no. 2 (January 2005): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2005.9627357.

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9

Omobowale, Ayokunle Olumuyiwa, and Natewinde Sawadogo. "An Historical Assessment and Analysis of Economic Imperialism in West Africa." Journal of Labor and Society, July 28, 2021, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24714607-bja10020.

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Abstract The West African political economy has been shaped by the policies, decisions and actions of dominant European imperialist countries since about over 500 years. Starting with imperial merchant capitalism along the West African coast in the 16th Century and French gradual acquisition of Senegal as a colony as from 1677, West Africa has remained under the imperialist hold. West Africa remains economically dependent on its former colonial masters despite more than 60 years since the countries started gaining independence. The consequences of economic imperialism on West Africa have included exploitative resource extraction, proxy and resource influenced civil wars, illegal trade in natural resources, mass poverty, and external migration of skilled workers necessary for national development. The world sees and broadcasts poverty, starvation, conflict and Saharan migration in the West African sub-continent, but hardly reports the exploitative imperialistic processes that have produced poverty and misery in West Africa in particular and across sub-Saharan Africa in general.

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10

"West Africa." iabi 43, no. 3-4 (December 2013): 40–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iab.2013.014.

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"West Africa." iabi 42, no. 3-4 (December 2012): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iab-2012-0014.

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12

"West Africa." iabi 42, no. 1-2 (December 2012): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iab-2012-0004.

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"West Africa." International African Bibliography 44, no. 3-4 (December 19, 2014): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iab.2014.014.

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"West Africa." International African Bibliography 44, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2014): 32–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iab.2014.004.

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"West Africa." iabi 43, no. 1-2 (June 2013): 44–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iab-2013-0004.

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"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography 41, no. 4 (February 2012): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iab-2011-0024.

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"West Africa." International African Bibliography 45, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2015): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iab-2015-0004.

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18

"West africa." Nursing Standard 2, no. 42 (July 23, 1988): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.2.42.43.s96.

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19

"West Africa." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 47, no. 12 (February 2011): 18953A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2011.03679.x.

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"West Africa." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 50, no. 12 (January 29, 2014): 20246A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2014.05579.x.

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21

"West Africa." Africa Bibliography 2003 (December 2004): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266673100000271.

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"West Africa." Africa Bibliography 1994 (January 1994): 133–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026667310000876x.

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23

"West Africa." Africa: The Journal of the International African Institute 2005, no. 1 (2005): 126–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/afr.2007.0011.

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"West Africa." Africa: The Journal of the International African Institute 2006, no. 1 (2007): 120–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/afr.2007.0091.

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25

"West Africa." Africa Bibliography 2004 (December 2005): 121–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/abib.2004.121.

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"West Africa." Africa Bibliography 2005 (March 2006): 126–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/abib.2005.126.

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"West Africa." Africa Bibliography 2006 (November 2007): 120–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/abib.2006.120.

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"West Africa." Africa Bibliography 2007 (December 2008): 137–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/abib.2007.10.

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"West Africa." Africa Bibliography 2008 (November 2009): 140–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/abib.2008.10.

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30

"West Africa." Africa Bibliography 2009 (November 2010): 146–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/abib.2009.0009.

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31

"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 20, no. 1 (1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1990.20.1.16.

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"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 20, no. 2 (1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1990.20.2.81.

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"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 20, no. 3 (1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1990.20.3.152.

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"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 20, no. 4 (1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1990.20.4.226.

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"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 21, no. 1 (1991). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1991.21.1.15.

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"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 21, no. 2 (1991). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1991.21.2.67.

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"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 21, no. 3 (1991). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1991.21.3.124.

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"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 22, no. 1 (1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1992.22.1.11.

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"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 22, no. 2 (1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1992.22.2.66.

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"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 22, no. 3 (1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1992.22.3.149.

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"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 22, no. 4 (1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1992.22.4.228.

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42

"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 23, no. 1 (1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1993.23.1.11.

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"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 23, no. 2 (1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1993.23.2.80.

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"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 23, no. 3 (1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1993.23.3.149.

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"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 23, no. 4 (1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1993.23.4.245.

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46

"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 24, no. 1 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1994.24.1.11.

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"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 24, no. 2 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1994.24.2.86.

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48

"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 24, no. 3 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1994.24.3.165.

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"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 24, no. 4 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1994.24.4.233.

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50

"WEST AFRICA." International African Bibliography (IAB) 25, no. 1 (1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iabi.1995.25.1.13.

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