Academic literature on the topic 'Wen lan ge'

Intranet, a private corporate network that mirrors the internet Web structure, is the new internal communication technology being embraced by more than 50% of large US companies. Within the intranet, computers using Web-server software store and manage documents built on the Web’s hypertext markup language (HTML) format. This emerging technology allows disparate computer systems within companies to “speak” to one another using the Internet’s TCP/IP protocol. A “fire wall” allows internal users Internet access, but denies external intruders intranet access. As industrial microscopists, how can we take advantage of this new technology? This paper is a preliminary summary of our recent progress in building an intranet Web system among GE microscopy labs. Applications and future development are also discussed.The intranet Web system is an inexpensive yet powerful alternative to other forms of internal communication. It can greatly improve communications, unlock hidden information, and transform an organization. The intranet microscopy Web system was built on the existing GE corporate-wide Ethernet link running Internet’s TCP/IP protocol (Fig. 1). Netscape Navigator was selected as the Web browser. Web’s HTML documentation was generated by using Microsoft® Internet Assistant software. Each microscopy lab has its own home page. The microscopy Web system is also an integrated part of GE Plastics analytical technology Web system.

Abstract Background: Huangqi is a famous Chinese medicinal material whose Dao-di producing area is Hunyuan, Shanxi. Huangqi produced in Hunyuan, Shanxi, were divided into several different specifications and grades according to the diameters and different positions of root system. Objective: This article investigates the quantitative characteristics of chemical compositions in different specifications and grades of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus roots, aiming to elucidate the correlation between specifications and/or grades and chemical compositions in Huangqi. Methods: Based on the field investigation, samples of Huangqi collected from Hunyuan, Shanxi, were divided into different specifications and grades. The content of seven flavonoids and five saponins in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus roots of different specifications and grades were determined simultaneously by HPLC–diode–array detection–evaporative light-scattering detection (HPLC–DAD–ELSD). Results: Huangqi was processed by traditional methods, and its commercial specification was classified by different parts of the root system, such as ge-da-tou, hong-lan-qi, zheng-bai-qi, fu-bai-qi, mao-wei-zi, and qi-jian. The total content of seven flavonoids and five saponins in ge-da-tou, qi-jian were lower. The total content of seven flavonoids in hong-lan-qi was much higher, while that of five saponins was much lower. The total content of seven flavonoids in lateral roots or fibrous roots were higher, and that of five saponins was lower, such as zheng-bai-qi, fu-bai-qi, and mao-wei-zi. According to the root diameters, Huangqi was classified to special grade, grade I, grade II, grade III, grade IV, or grade V. Among six grades of Huangqi, the total content of seven flavonoids in grade III, grade IV, and grade V were lower, while the total content of five saponins in them were much higher. Conclusions: There is an obvious difference on the distribution pattern of contents of seven flavonoids and five saponins in Huangqi of different specifications and grades, which provide a certain scientific basis for the quality evaluation of Huangqi. Highlights: The content of seven flavonoids and five saponins in Huangqi were determined by HPLC-DAD-ELSD. The relationship between the commercial specification grades and chemical components of Dao-di herbs Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Huangqi ) from Hunyuan, Shanxi were revealed, which provided a chemical basis for the classification of commercial specification grades of dao-herbs Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Huangqi ) from Hunyuan, Shanxi.

Abstract Background: Neuroblastoma is the most common childhood tumor that grows in the adrenal glands or sympathetic ganglia. Approximately 10% of pediatric neuroblastoma patients harbor mutations in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). In a previous study, we identified SLC3A2 as a potential interacting partner with ALK using BioID-based in vivo proximity labeling. SLC3A2 is a multifunctional protein that mediates integrin-dependent signaling, acts as a trafficking chaperone for amino acid transporters, and regulates polyamine transport. No previous link to ALK signaling has been reported and the underlying mechanisms and functional consequences of a SLC3A2-ALK interaction in ALK-driven neuroblastoma are unclear. Materials & Methods: The interaction of SLC3A2 and ALK initially detected with BioID-based in vivo proximity labeling was validated by immunoprecipitation. The effect of ALK signaling on SLC3A2 expression and protein stability was evaluated by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. The functional effect of SLC3A2 on cell viability were investigated by siRNA and inhibitor treatments in both human and mouse ALK-driven neuroblastoma cells. Results: SLC3A2 was confirmed to interact with ALK in both anti-ALK and anti-SLC3A2 antibody co-immunoprecipitations from NB1 cells (ALK-wild-type) and CLB-GE (ALK-F1174V). Moreover, this interaction was decreased by ALK inhibitor (lorlatinib) treatment. Upon ALKAL2 ligand treatment, ALK signaling increased the protein levels of SLC3A2 and this was abrogated by lorlatinib treatment in NB1 cells. Furthermore, lorlatinib treatment suppressed SLC3A2 expression and significantly affected protein stability in neuroblastoma cells with different ALK mutations including CLB-BAR (ALK exon4-11 deletion), CLB-GAR (ALK-R1275Q), and CLB-GE (ALK-F1174V) during cycloheximide chase analysis. Knockdown of SLC3A2 significantly inhibited cell growth and down-regulated the amino acid transporter SLC7A5 (LAT1) expression in CLB-GE cells (ALK-F1174V). While mono treatment of either lorlatinib (ALK TKI) or AMXT-1501 (polyamine transport inhibitor) only showed moderate effects, combinatorial treatment exhibited a synergistic effect on cell growth in ALK-driven primary-cultured mouse neuroblastoma #9883 (Th-MYCN; Alk-F1178S) and #111 (Th-MYCN; Rosa26_Alkal2) cells. Conclusions: SLC3A2 protein stability and its interaction with ALK is dependent on ALK signaling in an ALK-driven neuroblastoma context. The synergistic effect of combined ALK and polyamine transport inhibitors suggests a potential therapeutic option for ALK-driven neuroblastoma. Citation Format: Wei-Yun Lai, Tzu-Po Chuang, Marcus Borenäs, Ruth Palmer, Bengt Hallberg. ALK signaling activity stabilizes SLC3A2 protein levels in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3544.

Immaterieel goedereregte vorm deel van die vermoënsregte en is as sodanig boedelbates met ’n potensiële ekonomiese waarde. Saam met ander vermoënsbates kan dit ’n bousteen vorm van ’n kapitalistiese besigheidsmodel wat wins najaag ook uit verbruikbare bates. Die tipiese kenmerke van die post-industriële fase met die kenmerkend hoë persentasie aan vermorsing van hulpbronne kan ook ten aansien van die immateriële goedereregte negatief druk uitoefen op toekomstige geslagte. ’n Toekomstige verandering in ingesteldheid wég van die maklike wegsmyt en vervanging van alle gebruikte toerusting ná ’n era van gewaardeerde hergebruik of herwinning van waardevolle grondstowwe teen die toenemende vermorsing van skaars hulpbronne stuit teen gevestigde immaterieel goedereregte wat waak teen aanklamping en namaaksels. Plagiaat maak by ontstentenis van ’n toegekende lisensie vir gereguleerde benutting van die beskermde immateriële belang direk inbreuk op belange van die patentreghebbende of die outeur of komponis van die beskermde werk. In hierdie bydrae reageer die outeur op temas wat tydens ’n ius commune-werkswinkel aangebied aan die Universiteit te Maastricht oor grensverskuiwende tegnologie en ’n sirkel-ekonomie gehou is. In plaas daarvan om die standaard liniêre ekonomiese model na te volg van verbruik en verwerking van grondstowwe en uiteindelik vermorsende afval, moedig ’n sirkel ekonomie die deel, hergebruik en herbestemming van bates aan. In die bydrae word twee uitsprake bespreek waarin volgens die tersake wetgewing van die Verenigde Koninkryk uitspraak gelewer is en waarin die gedagte onderliggend aan deel en herbestemming van immateriële bates ter uiting kom. In die eerste saak, Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S v GE Energy (UK) Limited, is die hergebruik en deel deur middel van kruisverwysing van formulerings benut in verdrag- en wetstekste ontrafel om te beslis of die Britse oktrooi- of patentreg ook toepassing vind met betrekking tot ’n windplaas wat aangelê is buite die gebiedswaters van Groot Brittanje. Die regbank beslis dat die patentwetgewing van Groot Brittanje nie uitgebrei is en van toepassing is op die deel van die seegebied wat kragtens die seereg as eksklusiewe ekonomiese sone tussen het Verenigde Koninkryk en die Europese Vasteland geleë is nie. Daar is egter beslis dat dit wel strek tot die kontinentale plaat wat dieselfde oppervlakte insluit. Die twee sones gee eksklusiewe bevoegdhede oor verskillende aldaar te vinde natuurlike hulpbronne. Die tweede saak, Shazam Productions Ltd v Only Fools The Dining Experience Ltd, handel oor die herbestemming van persoonlikhede, insidente, grappe en kwinkslae ontleen aan ’n gewilde televisiereeks “Only Fools and Horses”. Die hof beslis vir die eerste keer in die Engelse reg dat outeursreg wel insluit die beskerming van die fiktiewe persoonlikhede soos dit beskerming bied aan die hele werk waarmee dit vereenselwig word. In die proses kom ook ter sprake tot welke mate die verweer van eerlike hantering van die idee vir doeleindes van parodie, pastiche en karikatuur steek hou. In geskil was of die outeursreg van toepassing op die televisiereeks verhinder dat die onderliggende idee herbenut kan word deur ’n ander vir eie gewin.

In this paper, heavy metal oxide glasses co-doped with erbium and holmium ions have been synthesized. Glass composition, based on the bismuth and germanium oxides, has been selected in terms of high thermal stability (delta T = 125 °C), high refractive index (n = 2.19) and low maximum phonon energy (hvmax = 724 cm-1). Up-conversion luminescence spectra under the 980 nm laser diode excitation have been observed as a result of radiative transitions within the quantum energy level structures of Er3+ and Ho3+ ions. Optimization of rare earth ions content has been conducted, the highest emission intensity in the visible wavelength range has been observed in glass co-doped with molar concentration 0.5 Er2O3 / 0.5 Ho2O3. Full Text: PDF ReferencesF. Zhang, Z. Bi, A. Huang, Z. Xiao, "Visible luminescence properties of Er3+?Pr3+ codoped fluorotellurite glasses", Opt. Materials 41, 112 (2014). CrossRef S. Li, S. Ye, T. Liu, H. Wang, D. Wang, "Enhanced up-conversion emissions in ZnO-LiYbO2:RE3+ (RE = Er or Ho) hybrid phosphors through surface modification", J. All. Comp. 658, 85 (2016). CrossRef J. Fu, X. Zhang, Z. Chao, Z. Li, J. Liao, D. Hou, H. Wen, X. Lu, X. Xie, "Enhanced upconversion luminescence of NaYF4:Yb, Er microprisms via La3+ doping", Opt. Laser Tech. 88, 280 (2017). CrossRef Y. Tian, R. Xu, L. Hu, J. Zhang, "2.7 ?m fluorescence radiative dynamics and energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in fluoride glass under 800 nm and 980 nm excitation", J. Quant. Spec. Rad. Tra. 113, 87 (2012). CrossRef M. Zhang, A. Yang, Y. Peng, B. Zhang, H. Ren, W. Guo, Y. Yang, C. Zhai, Y. Wang, Z. Yang, D. Tang, "Dy3+-doped Ga?Sb?S chalcogenide glasses for mid-infrared lasers", Mat. Res. Bul. 70, 55 (2015). CrossRef G. Yang, T. Li, "Broadband 1.53 ?m emission in Er3+-doped Ga-Bi-Pb-Ge heavy metal oxide glasses", J. Rare Earths 26, 924 (2008). CrossRef Y. Guo, Y. Tian, L. Zhang, L. Hu, J. Zhang, "Erbium doped heavy metal oxide glasses for mid-infrared laser materials", J. Non-Cryst. Solids 377, 119 (2013). CrossRef Z. Hou, Z. Xue, F. Li, M. Wang, X. Hu, S. Wang, "Luminescence and up-conversion mechanism of Er3+/Ho3+ co-doped oxyfluoride tellurite glasses and glass?ceramics", J. All. Comp. 577, 523 (2013). CrossRef X. Li, Q. Nie, S. Dai, T. Xu, L. Lu, X. Zhang, "Energy transfer and frequency upconversion in Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped bismuth-germanate glasses", J. All. Comp. 454, 510 (2008). CrossRef S.S. Rojas, J.E. De Souza, M.R.B. Andreeta, A.C. Hernandes, "Influence of ceria addition on thermal properties and local structure of bismuth germanate glasses", J. Non-Cryst. Solids 356, 2942 (2010). CrossRef M.S. Ebrahim, Irina, Mid-infrared coherent sources and applications, Springer (2008). CrossRef T. Ragin, J. Zmojda, M. Kochanowicz, P. Miluski, P. Jelen, M. Sitarz, D. Dorosz, "Enhanced mid-infrared 2.7 ?m luminescence in low hydroxide bismuth-germanate glass and optical fiber co-doped with Er3 +/Yb3 + ions", J. Non-Cryst. Solids 457, 169 (2017). CrossRef K. Biswas, A.D. Sontakke, R. Sen, K. Annapurna, "Enhanced 2 ?m broad-band emission and NIR to visible frequency up-conversion from Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped Bi2O3?GeO2?ZnO glasses", Spectr. Acta. Part A, Mol. Biomol. Spectr. 112, 301-308 (2013). CrossRef R.S. Romaniuk, D. Dorosz, J. Żmojda, M. Kochanowicz, W. Mazerski, "Upconversion luminescence in tellurite glass codoped with Yb3+/Ho3+ ions", Proc. of SPIE 8903, 890307 (2013). CrossRef

Nickel (Ni) laterites are regolith materials derived from ultramafic rocks and play an important role in the world's Ni production. Ni-laterite deposits are the supergene enrichment of Ni formed from the intense chemical and mechanical weathering of ultramafic parental rocks. In Vietnam, the weathering profile containing Ni laterite was first discovered in the Ha Tri massive (Cao Bang). This profile develops on the Ha Tri serpentinized peridotite rocks classified to the Cao Bang mafic-ultramafic complex (North Vietnam) and exhibits thick weathered zone (10 - 15m). This work carried out a detailed study of the weathering profile at the center of Ha Tri massive. Samples from different horizons of the profile were collected and analyzed in detail by XRF, XRD and SEM-EDX methods to establish the relationship between the Ni-rich supergene products and the parental peridotites (lherzolite) rocks in Ha Tri massive. The results show that the saprolite horizon is most Ni-rich in the weathering profile in Ha Tri. In this horizon, Ni-silicate minerals of garnierite group such as pimelite, nepouite and other Mg-Ni silicates have been found. The appearance of minerals of garnierite group is due to the exchange of Mg by Ni during weathering of peridotite minerals, especially olivine, which leads to the enrichment of the supergene Ni. The occurrence of Ni silicates suggests the existence of the supergene Ni ore in the weathering profile of the Ha Tri massive.References Bosio N.J., Hurst J.V., Smith R.L., 1975. Nickelliferousnontronite, a 15 Å garnierite, at Niquelandia, Goias Brazil. Clays Clay Miner., 23, 400-403. Brand N.W., Butt C.R.M., Elias M., 1998. Nickel Laterites: Classification and features. AGSO Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics, 17(4), 81-88. Bricker O.P., Nesbitt H.W. and Gunter W.D., 1973. The stability of talc. American Mineralogist, 58, 64-72. Brindley G.W. and Hang P.T., 1973. The nature of garnierites. Structures, chemical composition and color characteristics. Clay and Clay Minerals, 21, 27-40. Brindley G.W. and Maksimovic Z., 1974. The nature and nomenclature of hydrous nickel-containing silicates. Clay Minerals, 10, 271-277. Brindley G.W. and Wan H.M., 1975. Composition structures and thermal behavior of nickel containing minerals in thelizardite-ne´pouite series. American Mineralogist, 60, 863-871. Brindley G.W., Bish D.L. and Wan H.M., 1979. Compositions, structures and properties of nickel containing minerals in the kerolite-pimelite series. American Mineralogist, 64, 615-625. Cluzel D. and Vigier B., 2008. Syntectonic mobility of supergene nickel ores from New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific). Evidence from faulted regolith and garnierite veins. Resource Geology, 58, 161-170. Colin F., Nahon D., Trescases J.J., Melfi A.J., 1990. Lateritic weathering of pyroxenites at Niquelandia, Goais, Brazil: The supergene behavior ofnickel: Economic Geology, 85, 1010-1023. Das S.K., Sahoo R.K., Muralidhar J., Nayak B.K., 1999. Mineralogy and geochemistry of profilesthrough lateritic nickel deposits at Kansa,Sukinda, Orissa. Joural of Geoogical. SocietyIndia, 53, 649-668. Decarreau A., Colin F., Herbillon A., Manceau A., Nahon D., Paquet H., Trauth-Badaud D.,Trescases J.J., 1987. Domain segregation in NiFe-Mg-Smectites. Clay Minerals, 35, 1-10. Freyssinet P., Butt C.R.M. and Morris R.C., 2005. Oreforming processes related to lateritic weathering. Economic Geology, 100th aniversary volume, 681-722.Garnier J., Quantin C., Martins E.S., Becquer T., 2006. Solid speciation and availability of chromium in ultramafic soils from Niquelandia, Brazil. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 88, 206-209. Garnier J., Quantin C., Guimarães E., Becquer T., 2008. Can chromite weathering be a source of Cr in soils? Mineralogy Magazine, 72, 49-53. Gleeson S.A., Butt C.R. and Elias M., 2003. Nickel laterites: A review. SEG Newsletter, 54, 11-18. Gleeson S.A., Butt C.R., Wlias M., 2003. Nickellaterites: a review. SEG Newsletter, Society of Economic Geology, 54. Available from www.segweb.org. Golightly J.P., 1981. Nickeliferous laterite deposits. Economic Geology, 75th Anniversary volume, 710-735. Golightly J.P., 2010. Progress in understanding the evolution of nickel laterite. Society of Economic Geology, In Special Publication, 15, 451-485. Manceau A. and Calas G., 1985. Heterogeneous distribution of nickel in hydrous silicates from New Caledonia ore deposits. American Mineralogist, 70, 549-558. Nguyen Van Pho, 2013. Tropic weathering in Vietnam (in Vietnamese). Pubisher Science and Technology, 365p.Ngo Xuan Thanh, Tran Thanh Hai, Nguyen Hoang, Vu Quang Lan, S. Kwon, Tetsumaru Itaya, M. Santosh, 2014. Backarc mafic-ultramafic magmatism in Northeastern Vietnam and its regional tectonic significance. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 90, 45-60.Pelletier B., 1983. Localisation du nickel dans les minerais ‘‘garnieritiques’’ de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Sciences Ge´ologique: Me´moires, 73, 173-183.Pelletier B., 1996. Serpentines in nickel silicate ores from New Caledonia. In Grimsey E.J., and Neuss I. (eds): Nickel ’96, Australasian Institute of Miningand Metallurgy, Melbourne, Publication Series 6(9), 197-205. Proenza J.A., Lewis J.F., Galı´ S., Tauler E., Labrador M., Melgarejo J.C., Longo F. and Bloise G., 2008. Garnierite mineralization from Falcondo Ni-laterite deposit (Dominican Republic). Macla, 9, 197-198. Soler J.M., Cama J., Galı´ S., Mele´ndez W., Ramı´rez, A., andEstanga, J., 2008. Composition and dissolution kinetics ofgarnierite from the Loma de Hierro Ni-laterite deposit,Venezuela. Chemical Geology, 249, 191-202. Springer G., 1974. Compositional and structural variations ingarnierites. The Canadian Mineralogist, 12, 381-388. Springer G., 1976. Falcondoite, nickel analogue of sepiolite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 14, 407-409.Svetlitskaya T.V., Tolstykh N.D., Izokh A.E., Phuong Ngo Thi, 2015. PGE geochemical constraints on the origin of the Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide mineralization in the Suoi Cun intrusion, Cao Bang province, Northeastern Vietnam. Miner Petrol, 109, 161-180.Tran Trong Hoa, Izokh A.E., Polyakov G.V., Borisenko A.S., Tran Tuan Anh, Balykin P.A., Ngo Thi Phuong, Rudnev S.N., Vu Van Van, Bui An Nien, 2008. Permo-Triassic magmatism and metallogeny of Northern Vietnam in relation to the Emeishan plume. Russ. Geol. Geophys., 49, 480-491.Trescases J.J., 1975. L'évolution supergene des roches ultrabasiques en zone tropicale: Formation de gisements nikelifères de Nouvelle Caledonie. Editions ORSTOM, Paris, 259p.Tri T.V., Khuc V. (eds), 2011. Geology and Earth Resources of Vietnam. Publishing House for Science and Technology, 645p (in English). Villanova-de-Benavent C., Proenza J.A., GalíS., Tauler E., Lewis J.F. and Longo F., 2011. Talc- and serpentine-like ‘‘garnierites’’ in the Falcondo Ni-laterite deposit, Dominican Republic. ‘Let’s talk ore deposits’, 11th Biennial Meeting SGA 2011, Antofagasta, Chile, 3p.Wells M.A., 2003. Goronickel laterite deposit. New Caledonia. CRC LEME, p.3.

Climate change has stimulated great interest in developing clean and renewable energy conversion and storage solutions. Emerging technologies for solutions, like unitized regenerative fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and water electrolyzers, depend on the reliable catalyst materials suited for long-term application in alkaline environments[1]. In particular, the demanding reaction in these systems is the oxygen evolution reaction involving complex multielectron/proton transfer processes and thus sluggish kinetic.[2] At present, the state-of-the-art OER catalysts are IrO2 and RuO2. However, the high cost and scarcity of these materials severely prevent the wide-scale application of these systems.[3] Perovskite oxide (e.g., single perovskite expressed as ABO3) electrocatalysts are particularly considered next-generation OER catalysts due to their adjustable physicochemical properties and, as a consequence, their catalytic properties by substitution of ions in the A and B sites.[4] Via doping both at A and B site, double perovskite oxides structure can form (AA′B2O5+δ), which were shown to have stable structure during the OER due to proper O p-band center position relative to the Fermi level. The previous research shows that hexagonal perovskites exhibit enhanced catalytic activity rather than cubic or tetragonal perovskites, which is associated with the face-sharing octahedral unit. [5,6] In this work, we systematically investigate doping of parent La2CoMnO6 with Ba to tune the crystal structure and electronic structure. A series of the double perovskites with the chemical formula of La2-xBaxCoMnO6 (x = 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2) were fabricated via the modified Sol-Gel Pechini method. According to Goldschmidt tolerance factor, it is expected that when Ba amount increases in the A site, the crystal structure changes from cubic to hexagonal, which can contribute to electrocatalytic OER activity based above discussions. Furthermore, it is anticipated that increasing Ba content at the A site should result in higher valence state of transition metals due to stabilizing charge balance of the structure. It is widely reported that presence of higher valence state of transition metals is beneficial for OER. The crystal structure was confirmed by combining powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns. The two-layer hexagonal structure of Ba2CoMnO6 (BCM) was further characterized by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). The results show doping of Ba into parent La2CoMnO6 resulted in the hexagonal phase formation and BCM achieves a current density of 10 mA cm–2 at a low overpotential of 288 mV and has the highest intrinsic activity in the series of BaxLa2-xCoMnO6 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2). Furthermore, BCM exhibits outstanding stability of 12 h in a 0.1 M KOH electrolyte. The electronic structure and surface work function values of the catalysts were examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS analysis revealed that valence state of Co and Mn increases through Ba amount in the structure, indicating the double perovskite oxide charge balance is maintained. In addition to valence state analysis, we performed work function analysis of the catalysts tested in this work. The result shows work function of the series of BaxLa2-xCoMnO6 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) substantially decreases with Ba content. Here, we show that the high intrinsic activity of BCM is not only related with the hexagonal structure and also may be related with exhibiting lower work function value in the series. In addition, our approach presents a new strategy, air quenching method, to synthesize a phase pure 2H-hexagonal double perovskite oxide. [1] Y. Zhou, X. Guan, H. Zhou, K. Ramadoss, S. Adam, H. Liu, S. Lee, H. Shi, M. Tsuchiya, D. Fong and S. Ramanathan, Nature, 534, 231-234 (2016). [2] X. Cui, P. Ren, D. Deng, J. Deng and X. Bao, Energy & Environmental Science, 9, 123-129 (2016). [3] X. Qiu, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhu, C. Long, L. Su, S. Liu and Z. Tang, Advanced Materials, 33, 2001731 (2020). [4] W. Yin, B. Weng, J. Ge, Q. Sun, Z. Li and Y. Yan, Energy & Environmental Science, 12, 442-462 (2019). [5] L. Tang, W. Zhang, D. Lin, Y. Ren, H. Zheng, Q. Luo, L. Wei, H. Liu, J. Chen and K. Tang, Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, 7, 4488-4497 (2020). [6] C. Chen, G. King, R. M. Dickerson, P. A. Papin, S. Gupta, W. R. Kellogg and G. Wu, Nano Energy, 13, 423-432 (2015).

NaYF4:(Yb,Tm) upconversion materials were synthesized by the simple hydrothermal method. Growth duration was varied from 4h to 12h under a growth temperature of 150oC. The structural, optical and surface morphology characteristics of the NaYF4:(Yb,Tm) UC materials were investigated. The XRD and SEM results illustrated that the NaYF4:(Yb,Tm) materials were transformed from the multiple phases (hexagonal and cubic) to the single-phase (hexagonal prism) as growth duration being longer than 8h with the average diameter and length of these prisms being about 0.5 µm and 2 µm, respectively. Under 980 nm laser excitation, the NaYF4:(Yb,Tm) emits at peaks of 450 nm (1D2→ 3F4), 475 nm (1G4→3H6), 647 nm (1G4→3F4) and 697 nm (3F3→3H6), with the highest emission belonging to NaYF4:(Yb,Tm) grown for 8h. Keywords: NaYF4:(Yb,Tm), upconversion materials, photoluminescence, growth duration, hydrothermal method. References [1] L. Wang, R. Yan, Z. Huo, L. Wang, Fluorescence resonant energy transfer biosensor based on upconversion-luminescent nanoparticles, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 44 (2005) 6054-6057. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200501907.[2] S. N. Shan, X. Y. Wang, N.Q. Jia, Synthesis of NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles in normal microemulsions, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 6 (2011) 539-539. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl070235+.[3] T. Hinamoto, H. Takashima, H. Sugimoto, M. Fujii, Controlling Surface Plasmon Resonance of Metal Nanocap for Upconversion Enhancement, J. Phys. Chem. C 121 (2017) 8077-8083. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b01010.[4] Q. Guo, J. Wu, Y. Yang, X. Liu, J. Jia, J. Dong, Z. Lan, J. Lin, M. Huang, Y. Wei, Y. Huang, High performance perovskite solar cells based on β-NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+/Sc3+@NaYF4 core-shell upconversion nanoparticles, J. Power Sources 426 (2019) 178-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jpowsour.2019.04.039.[5] M.H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Yan, Y. Wiu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, P. 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Timeliness of financial reporting is a qualitative characteristics that enhance the usefulness of information and significant to users of financial statements. This study examines that board diversity (GENDERCHAIR), CEO age (CEOAGE) have impact on audit report timeliness. The sample of this study comprises of 100 companies listed on Vietnamese Stock Exchange in the period 2012 - 2014. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis are performed to test the audit report timeliness determinants . Using quantitative research methods, findings found that there is a significant positive relationship between board diversity on timeliness of financial reporting while proxy variables of the CEO age have a significant negative relationship with timeliness of financial reporting. . This paper extends prior research by addressing the potential effects of female executives on timeliness of financial reporting. 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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus , is causing a serious worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence of strains with rapid spread and unpredictable changes is the cause of the increase in morbidity and mortality rates. A number of drugs as well as vaccines are currently being used to relieve symptoms, prevent and treat the disease caused by this virus. However, the number of approved drugs is still very limited due to their effectiveness and side effects. In such a situation, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds are considered a highly valuable source in the development of new antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes medicinal plants and bioactive compounds that have been shown to act on molecular targets involved in the infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2. Keywords: Medicinal plants, bioactive compounds, antivirus, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 References [1] R. Lu, X. Zhao, J. Li, P. Niu, B. Yang, H. 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AbstractGenetic engineering (GE) is a powerful molecular tool deployed daily in life sciences labs everywhere. When taken out into the world complex issues arise, many unanswered to this day. Three moments in time are considered in this analysis: the past, with the first generation of genetically modified (transgenic) crops, the present, focusing on the current generation of new breeding techniques, and the future, looking into what synthetic biology and cell manufacturing have promised. Twenty criteria that have shown promise in winnowing sustainability from failure, drawn from history, ecology and the law, are applied as tests to help understand whether society is moving towards the right outcome. An additional 21st criterion is suggested and an urgent call for change is issued.

Wind turbine noise is becoming a critical issue for many offshore and land-based wind projects. In this work, we analyzed trailing edge bluntness vortex shedding noise source for a land-based turbine of size 2 MW and blade span of 38 m using original Brooks Pope and Marcolini (BPM)and modified BPM noise model. A regression-based curve fitting approach has been implemented to predict the shape function in terms of thickness to chord ratio of aerofoils used for blade. For trailing edge height of 0.1% chord, computations for sound power level were done at wind speed of 8 m/s, 17 RPM. The results showed that present approach for thickness correction predicts the noise peak of ∼78dBA at f ∼ 10 kHz which is ∼15dBA lower than that predicted from original BPM. The results were also validated using experiment data from GE 1.5sle, Siemens 2.3 MW turbines with blade lengths between 78 m and 101 m which agreed within 2% at high frequencies, f > 5 kHz. In addition, results from present approach for trailing edge bluntness noise agreed well with modified BPM by Wei et al. at high frequencies, f ∼ 10 kHz where it becomes dominant. The slope of noise curves from present approach, and modified BPM methods are lower when compared with original BPM.

Abstract India’s industrial legacy is full of examples of home—grown family managed business groups known for their philanthropy and high core value—based organizational vision mission and operating culture. Till today many of these organizations have grown huge in their business volumes not only in terms of business but also as organizations as role models of high placed organizational ethical core values and emphasis on corporate social responsibility. How the Godrej Group channelled the swadeshi spirit at home, and then went global in 1989, when the vestiges of the license Raj era still wove reams of red tape around Indian businesses, a management trainee at Godrej GE Appliances’ Faridabad office faced a dilemma. An excise tax collector wanted a Diwali ‘gift’ delivered at his residence. ‘Or else • ‘ After discussions with his seniors, the trainee turned up at the official’s house the next day with a gift—wrapped box. At the visitor’s insistence, the official unwrapped it, to find a pack of Godrej soaps in various fragrances. The unspoken but clear message: ‘The Godrej group is committed to ethical business. Don’t expect anything else from us’. The anecdote, narrated by Ranganatha Thota, the management trainee at that time, sums up an idea that Gurcharan Das, former CEO of Procter and Gamble India, has articulated: while India secured political independence in 1947, it got economic independence only with the 1991 reforms. In many ways, the business history of the Godrej Group, which dates back to 1897, mirrors the Independence movement. The group’s founder Ardeshir Godrej, as the Godrej Rhyme narrates and as BK Karanjia chronicles in his two—volume book Godrej: A Hundred Years 1897—1997, left India for Africa in 1889 to practice law. But unwilling to commit perjury to advance his career, he returned home, where the freedom movement was gathering pace, with the birth of the Indian National Congress in 1885.

The impact of wet compression technology on compressor performance is studied using a coupled water-evaporation-pitch-line numerical model. The model uses an iterative approach to compute the modified flow conditions at blade-row stations due to inter-stage evaporation of water droplets introduced at the compressor inlet. The evaporation rate predicted by the model is compared with experimental data for stationary droplets in a duct. Performance predictions are compared with data for a GE-proprietary compressor. Study of various water droplet sizes and various water-to-air mass ratios is discussed.

This paper describes a reduced NOx and CO, partially premixed flame combustor that has been developed for the 175 kW Advanced Integrated Microturbine System (AIMS) recuperated cycle gas micro-turbine. The AIMS turbine is equipped with a recuperated silo combustor. The new, reduced emissions combustor retains key features of the conventional Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustors; the differences are the arrangement of the premixers, the novel head-end assembly design, and the liner cooling and dilution features. The combustion system was designed and tested at the GE Global Research facilities in Niskayuna, NY and leverages technology developed by GE Power Systems (GEPS) and GE Aircraft Engines (GEAE). Laboratory tests show that when firing with natural gas, without water or steam injection, NOx and CO emissions from the new combustor are in single digits at full-speed, full-load conditions. CO emissions show a strong pressure effect, increasing at base load (when compared to similar conditions in commercial combustors running at higher pressures). The standard combustor on the AIMS gas turbine is a reversed flow cylindrical can. An array of 4 fuel nozzles is located at the head end of the can and produces a swirl stabilized premixed flame. The liner contains an array of cooling and dilution holes that provide the air needed to dilute the burned gas to the desired turbine inlet temperature.

Inlet fogging of gas turbine engines has attained considerable popularity due to the ease of installation and the relatively low first cost compared to other inlet cooling methods. With increasing demand for power and with shortages envisioned especially during the peak load times during the summers, there is a need to boost gas turbine power. There is a sizable evaporative cooling potential throughout the world when the climatic data is evaluated based on an analysis of coincident wet bulb and dry bulb information. This data is not readily available to plant users. In this paper, a detailed climatic analysis is made of 106 major locations over the world to provide the hours of cooling that can be obtained by direct evaporative cooling. This data will allow gas turbine operators to easily make an assessment of the economics of evaporative fogging. The paper also covers an introduction to direct evaporative cooling and the methodology and data analysis used to derive the cooling potential. Simulation runs have been made for gas turbine simple cycles showing effects of fogging for a GE Frame 7EA and a GE Frame 9FA Gas turbine for 60 and 50 Hz applications.

In the 1990’s GE introduced low-emissions combustion technology primarily for gas turbines burning natural gas (NG) fuel. Today, industrial gas turbine fuels are more diverse than ever. As a result, diverse diffusion and premixed combustion technologies are used to burn gaseous fuels with low emissions. This paper summarizes combustion and gas turbine control challenges when firing diverse fuels, and advancements in technology when burning a wide range of fuels with low emissions.

In recent years, among various available inlet air cooling techniques for gas turbine power enhancement, high pressure fogging has seen an increasing attention mainly because of its comparatively low initial investment cost and less downtime for its installation. The various fogging strategies such as inlet evaporative, overspray (or wet compression) and interstage injection have been implemented in simple and combined cycle applications. Unlike wet compression, air at the compressor inlet is not fully saturated with the interstage injection. However, both wet compression and interstage injection involve multi-phase flow and water evaporation during the compression process. The phenomenon of two phase flow compression in axial compressor is not yet fully understood. This paper investigates effects of interstage injection on the performance of a GE Frame 7EA gas turbine using aero-thermodynamic modeling. In addition to estimating the overall gas turbine performance changes achievable with the interstage injection approach, the study presented here discusses impact of interstage injection on the stage-by-stage compressor performance characteristics of the selected gas turbine. The plausible reasons for the observed performance changes are discussed.

In 1990, GE announced it would begin development of the first-ever gas turbine with output greater than 40MW and a thermal efficiency above 40%. It was designated the LM6000, and was first introduced as the -PA model in December 1992. This turbine used a single annular combustion system with relatively few changes from the successful aircraft engine — the CF6-80C2. At the same time, GE began development of Dry Low Emissions (DLE) combustion technologies, culminating in the LM6000-PB model being introduced in December 1994. As the LM6000 fleet approached the 1 million-hour point, with an installed base of over 100 units, the next step — the development of a turbine with greater power and efficiency — was initiated, creating the LM6000-PC and -PD models. The launch of GE’s LM6000-PC/PD aero-derivative gas turbine was announced in 1996 and the first unit went into commercial operation in a power generation application in late 1997. The mechanical drive version of this gas turbine has been available as a product since early 1998. This machine opens an entirely new market segment, with interest being paced by the development of this segment requiring variable speed drivers with outputs greater than 50,000 shaft horsepower. Although some exploratory interest for mechanical drive applications was generated when the product was first announced, significantly greater interest within both gas pumping, and marine applications has been expressed recently especially considering changes in the global environmental regulations, energy prices, larger ships moving at greater speeds. Typical applications are new designs of large oil and gas production facilities — for gas pumping, processing, and natural gas liquefaction, as well as large marine and naval applications requiring high power-weight densities. GE is currently supporting several ongoing application studies using the LM6000 gas turbine as the driver of choice. This document provides the highlights of the development, testing and qualification of the LM6000 by General Electric as well as the certification program by the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS). Notable engineering accomplishments during this development include part power NOX abatement, auto-throttles, and cubic loading using a generator.

The paper describes GE’s Remote Monitoring and Diagnostic (RM&D) system, its operation, its unique features and our experiences in applying it to improve performance and availability of heavy-duty gas turbine fleet worldwide. A key success factor of the system is that it relies upon an effective combination of advanced computer automation complemented by technical experts who have an in-depth understanding of the power generation equipment to achieve its objectives. The RM&D system enables GE experts to remotely access operational data of power plants operating world wide, and exercise sophisticated algorithms, which can detect abnormal operating conditions. The experts, with ready access to the design information, operation and maintenance information and in-depth knowledge about the turbines, identify and track operational signatures, which may indicate potential problems. The real key is to be able to distinguish false indications from the ones that are true early indicators of potential problems. In this paper we describe a design approach for developing a successful RM&D system. We illustrate our approach through various examples of performance, vibration and combustion diagnostics scenarios.

A new turbomachinery design system, T-AXI, is described and demonstrated. It is intended primarily for use by educators and students, although it is sophisticated enough for actual designs. The codes, example cases and a user’s manual are available through the authors’ web sites. The design system can be used to design multistage compressors and turbines from a small number of physical design parameters. Students can understand the connection between these physical parameters such as Mach number and flow angles to the cross sectional area and angular momentum. There is also a clear connection between the angular momentum, work and blade loadings. Loss models are built-in and results are compared against tested geometries. The code also has a built-in blade geometry generator and the geometry can be output for running the MISES blade-to-blade solver on each section or visualizing the blades. A single stage compressor from the US Air Force Stage Matching Investigation rig, the 10 stage NASA/GE EEE high pressure compressor and the NASA/GE EEE 5 stage low pressure turbine have been used to validate T-AXI as a design tool.

The PGT25+G4 gas turbine, latest in GE Infrastructure Oil&Gas PGT25 two-shaft aeroderivative family, is a 34 MW-class gas turbine for mechanical drive and power generation applications and maintains the same efficiency and availability of the previous PGT25+. The PGT25+G4 was validated through an extensive test program, which included some key test-rigs such as the full-scale LM2500+G4 Gas Generator test and other component tests, in advance of the First Engine to Test (FETT). The FETT included an equivalent-to-production configuration package (gas turbine, auxiliaries and control system), ran in a dedicated area in GE Oil&Gas Test Facilities to validate the machine for both mechanical drive and power generation applications. All critical-to-quality parameters of the HSPT (High Speed Power Turbine) were investigated, such as turbine gas path components temperatures and stresses, PT performances and PT operability when coupled with the LM2500+G4 Gas Generator. First production unit is currently in operation at Alliance Pipeline Canada Windfall 1 Compression Station. This paper describes the gas turbine main features, how the test program was built and discusses FETT results. Moreover, gas turbine field operation experience and lessons learned are presented.

The results of temperature prediction and determination of effective thermal conductivity in periodic Si-Ge superlattice in one dimension, at length scale comparable to the mean free path are presented. Classical heat transfer models such as Fourier’s law do not represent what actually happens within electronic devices at these length scales. Phonon-border and phonon-interface scattering effects provide discontinuous jumps in temperature distribution when the mean free path is comparable with the device’s characteristic length, a relation given by the Knudsen number (Kn). For predicting the temperature within the periodic Si-Ge superlattice use is made of the lattice Boltzmann method in one dimension, using Debye’s model in the phonon dispersion relation. The predictions show that as Kn increases, so do the jumps at the borders, the same as at the interfaces. The prediction also shows that the effective conductivity of the Si-Ge superlattice decreases as Kn and the number of layers of material increase, and that keff decreases as the magnitude of p increases, a factor that allows heat flow between one layer and another. Use of gray LBM leads to good approximations of the actual temperature field and thermal conductivity values for the superlattice materials model when the physics of phonons established by Debye’s model is used.

*Chapter 10 of the forthcoming book "Economic Analysis of Land Use in Global Climate Change Policy," edited by Thomas W. Hertel, Steven Rose, and Richard S.J. Tol The goal of this work is to investigate land-use change at the global scale over the long run – particularly in the context of analyzing the fundamental drivers behind land-use related GHG emissions. For this purpose, we identify the most important drivers of supply and demand for land. On the demand side, we begin with a dynamic general equilibrium (GE) model that predicts economic growth in each region of the world, based on exogenous projections of population, skilled and unskilled labor and technical change. Economy-wide growth is, in turn, translated into consumer demand for specific products using an econometrically estimated, international cross-section, demand system that permits us to predict the pattern of future consumer demands across the development spectrum. This is particularly important in the fast-growing, developing countries, where the composition of consumer demand is changing rapidly. These countries also account for an increasing share of global economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions. Consumer demand is translated into derived demands for land through a set of sectoral production functions that differentiate the demand for land by Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ).