Journal articles on the topic 'Welsh Women'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Welsh Women.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Welsh Women.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Charles, Nickie, and Charlotte Aull Davies. "Contested Communities: The Refuge Movement and Cultural Identities in Wales." Sociological Review 45, no. 3 (August 1997): 416–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-954x.00071.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explores different meanings of community and cultural identity. Women involved in the refuge movement in rural Wales belong to overlapping communities: geographically located rural communities; linguistic and ethnic communities; and the gendered and occupationally based community of Welsh Women's Aid. Language is an important marker of belonging to Welsh rural communities which are under threat from an influx of non-Welsh speakers. Incoming women who are homeless as a result of domestic violence may be perceived as part of this threat. This creates a potential conflict for refuge workers, some of whom are also Welsh speakers, who represent the interests of this group of women but also belong to Welsh-speaking, rural communities. We explore the interrelation between these refuge workers, the various communities to which they belong, and how belonging or not belonging shapes their identities. We conclude that these women, in spite of the conflicting rights and interests of their various communities, negotiate a shared collective identity which owes something to all three.
2
Aaron, Jane. "Women In Search of a Welsh Identity." Scottish Affairs 18 (First Serie, no. 1 (February 1997): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.1997.0009.
Full text
3
Davies, Martha A. "Review: Welsh Women: An Annotated Bibliography of Women in Wales and Women of Welch Descent in America by Constance Wall Holt." Explorations in Ethnic Studies ESS-14, no. 1 (August 1, 1994): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ess.1994.14.1.43.
Full text
4
Piette, Brec'hed. "Identity and Language: The Example of Welsh Women." Feminism & Psychology 7, no. 1 (February 1997): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353597071013.
Full text
5
Muir, Angela Joy. "Midwifery and Maternity Care for Single Mothers in Eighteenth-Century Wales." Social History of Medicine 33, no. 2 (November 8, 2018): 394–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hky092.
Full textAbstract:
Summary The history of childbirth in England has gained increasing momentum, but no studies have been carried out for Wales, and therefore the nature of childbirth in early modern Wales remains largely unknown. This article seeks to redress this imbalance in two ways: First, by examining Welsh parish, court and ecclesiastical records for evidence of those who attended parturient women. This evidence demonstrates that Welsh midwives were not a homogeneous group who shared a common status and experience, but were a diverse mix of practitioners drawn from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds. Secondly, by assessing the care these practitioners provided to some of the most marginalised in Welsh society: unmarried pregnant women. Parish resources were limited, and poor law provision often covered only what was considered absolutely necessary. Analysis of what was deemed essential for the safe delivery of illegitimate infants provides a revealing glimpse of to the ‘ceremony of childbirth’ in eighteenth-century Wales.
6
Kapphahn, Krista. "Celtic Heroines: The Contributions of Women Scholars to Arthurian Studies in the Celtic Languages." Journal of the International Arthurian Society 7, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 120–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jias-2019-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article surveys some of the main contributions of female scholars to the study of Arthurian literature in the Celtic languages from the nineteenth century to the present day. Scholarship by women has been integral to the study of Celtic Arthurian literature since the translations of native Welsh texts by Lady Charlotte Guest. Since then, women’s contributions have been foundational to the field, influencing theories of transmission, analysis and the standard editions of much Arthurian material in Welsh, Irish, Gaelic and Breton. They remain vital to the life of Arthurian scholarship, and the final section addresses contributions by younger scholars whose lasting influence remains to be seen.
7
Olson, Katharine K. "‘Y Ganrif Fawr’? Piety, Literature and Patronage in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Wales." Studies in Church History 48 (2012): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400001261.
Full textAbstract:
This essay offers a reconsideration of the idea of ‘The Great Century’ of Welsh literature (1435–1535) and related assumptions of periodization for understanding the development of lay piety and literature in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Wales. It focuses on the origins of these ideas in (and their debt to) modern Welsh nationalist and Protestant and Catholic confessional thought, and their significance for the interpretation of Welsh literature and history. In addition, it questions their accuracy and usefulness in the light of contemporary patterns of manuscript production, patronage and devotional content of Welsh books of poetry and prose produced by the laity during and after this ‘golden age’ of literature. Despite the existence of over a hundred printed works in Welsh by 1660, the vernacular manuscript tradition remained robust; indeed, ‘native culture for the most part continued to be transmitted as it had been transmitted for centuries, orally or in manuscript’ until the eighteenth century. Bardic poetry’s value as a fundamental source for the history of medieval Ireland and Wales has been rightly acknowledged. However, more generally, Welsh manuscripts of both poetry and prose must be seen as a crucial historical source. They tell us much about contemporary views, interests and priorities, and offer a significant window onto the devotional world of medieval and early modern Welsh men and women. Drawing on recent work on Welsh literature, this paper explores the production and patronage of such books and the dynamics of cultural and religious change. Utilizing National Library of Wales Llanstephan MS 117D as a case study, it also examines their significance and implications for broader trends in lay piety and the nature of religious change in Wales.
8
Collinson, Lisa. "Welsh Law in Thirteenth-Century Sweden: Women, Beasts, and Players." Speculum 92, no. 3 (July 2017): 755–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/692683.
Full text
9
Reeves, Rosanne, and Jane Aaron. "Gwyneth Vaughan, Eluned Morgan and the Emancipation of Welsh Women." Women's Writing 24, no. 4 (December 28, 2016): 517–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09699082.2016.1268348.
Full text
10
Classen, Albrecht. "The Works of Gwerful Mechain, ed. and trans. Katie Gramich. Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview Press, 2018, pp. 157." Mediaevistik 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med012018_449.
Full textAbstract:
Two desiderata in Medieval Studies continue to be rather troublesome because they have not been tackled effectively by many scholars. First, most of us are not familiar with medieval Welsh language and literature; second, we are still rather uncertain about the actual contribution by women to medieval poetry, for instance. But our Welsh colleagues have already determined for quite some time that the late medieval Gwerful Mechain was a powerful voice and offered many intriguing perspectives as a woman, addressing also sexuality in a rather shockingly open manner. She was the daughter of Hywel Fychan from Mechain in Powys in north-east Wales. She lived from ca. 1460 to ca. 1502 and was a contemporary of the major Welsh poets Dafydd Llwyd and Llywelyn ap Gutyn. She might have been Dafydd’s lover and she certainly exchanged poems with Llywelyn. Not untypically for her age, which the present editor and translator Katie Gramich observes with strange surprise, Gwerful combined strongly religious with equally strongly erotic—some would say, pornographic—poetry. Gramich refers, for instance, to the Ambraser Liederbuch, where we can encounter a similar situation, but it seems unlikely that she has any idea what this songbook was, in reality (there are no further explanations, comments, or references to the relevant scholarship). She also mentions Christine de Pizan, who was allegedly “forced to take up the pen” (10), which appears to be a wrong assessment altogether. There is no indication whatsoever that Gramich might be familiar with the rich research on late medieval continental and English women writers, but this does not diminish the value of her translation.
11
Kean, Hilda. "Parachutes and petticoats: welsh women writing on the second world war." Women's History Review 4, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612029500200183.
Full text
12
Christianson, Aileen. "Jane Welsh Carlyle and her friendships with women in the 1840s." Prose Studies 10, no. 3 (December 1987): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440358708586317.
Full text
13
WATSON, KATHERINE D. "Women, violent crime and criminal justice in Georgian Wales." Continuity and Change 28, no. 2 (August 2013): 245–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416013000246.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines encounters of women with the criminal justice system in Wales during the century before the Courts of Great Sessions were abolished in 1830. Drawing on evidence from cases of sexual assault and homicide, it argues that women who killed were rarely convicted or punished harshly. A gendered discretion of sorts also acted against rape victims, as trials never resulted in conviction. Using violence as a lens, the paper reveals a distinctively Welsh approach to criminal justice, and offers quantitative evidence on which further comparative studies of the history of law and crime in England and Wales may be based.
14
Engelhardt, Carol Marie. "Mother Mary and Victorian Protestants." Studies in Church History 39 (2004): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400015175.
Full textAbstract:
One of the defining characteristics of Victorian culture was its insistence that women were naturally maternal. Marriage and motherhood were assumed to be the twin goals of every young woman. Those who did not bear children were termed ‘redundant’ (perhaps most famously in W.R. Greg’s 1862 article, ‘Why are women redundant?’), yet were still assumed to have maternal instincts. Equally significant to Victorian culture was its Christianity. Notwithstanding the fact that only about half of the English and Welsh actually attended religious services, the presence of an established Church, the frequency with which political and religious questions coincided, and the certainty that England was (as one clergyman confidently expressed it) illuminated by the ‘very sun-shine of Protestantism’, combined to make Victorian culture Christian, and moreover, Protestant.
15
RICHARDSON, FRANCES. "Women Farmers of Snowdonia, 1750–1900." Rural History 25, no. 2 (September 4, 2014): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793314000041.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract:A considerable amount of research has been undertaken on the decline in women's agricultural employment during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but very little has been written about the position of women farmers. During this period, women farmers remained more common throughout Wales than in England. This study explores the part played by women farmers in the agricultural community of Nantconwy, a hundred in the eastern part of Snowdonia, Caernarvonshire, where women comprised up to twenty-two per cent of farmers during the period 1750 to 1900. It examines how and why women became farmers, and the role they played in running the farm. Four factors are suggested to account for the high proportion of women farmers in Snowdonia: a system of virtually hereditary tenancies, the inheritance of farm stock, the traditional nature of Welsh farming, and women's desire to continue farming.
16
McEvoy, William. "“Tangled Passions”: Realism and Lyricism in the Plays of Peter Gill." Modern Drama 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 442–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/md.64-4-1017.
Full textAbstract:
This article argues that the work of Welsh theatre director and playwright Peter Gill occupies a unique place in post-1960s’ British playwriting. It explores Gill’s plays as – using theatre critic Susannah Clapp’s phrase – the “missing link” between kitchen-sink realism and more self-consciously poetic forms of theatre text. Gill’s plays make an important contribution to the history of working-class representation in UK theatre for three main reasons: first, the centrality he gives to Wales, Welsh working-class characters, and the city of Cardiff; second, his emphasis on the experience of women, especially mothers; and third, his focus on young male characters expressing and exploring the complexities of same-sex desire. The plays make advances in terms of realist dialogue and structure while also experimenting with layout, repetition, fragmentation, poetic description, and monologue narration. Gill’s work realistically documents the impact of poverty, cramped housing conditions, and social deprivation on his characters as part of a political project to show the lives of Welsh working-class people on stage. While doing so, Gill innovates in his handling of time, perspective, viewpoint, and genre. His plays occupy a distinctive place in the history of British, working-class, gay theatre, helping us to rethink what each of these three key terms means.
17
Burek, Cynthia V. "The contribution of women to Welsh geological research and education up to 1920." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 125, no. 4 (September 2014): 480–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2014.07.007.
Full text
18
Ordin, Mikhail, and Ineke Mennen. "Cross-Linguistic Differences in Bilinguals' Fundamental Frequency Ranges." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 6 (June 10, 2017): 1493–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-s-16-0315.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose We investigated cross-linguistic differences in fundamental frequency range (FFR) in Welsh-English bilingual speech. This is the first study that reports gender-specific behavior in switching FFRs across languages in bilingual speech. Method FFR was conceptualized as a behavioral pattern using measures of span (range of fundamental frequency—in semitones—covered by the speaker's voice) and level (overall height of fundamental frequency maxima, minima, and means of speaker's voice) in each language. Results FFR measures were taken from recordings of 30 Welsh-English bilinguals (14 women and 16 men), who read 70 semantically matched sentences, 35 in each language. Comparisons were made within speakers across languages, separately in male and female speech. Language background and language use information was elicited for qualitative analysis of extralinguistic factors that might affect the FFR. Conclusions Cross-linguistic differences in FFR were found to be consistent across female bilinguals but random across male bilinguals. Most female bilinguals showed distinct FFRs for each language. Most male bilinguals, however, were found not to change their FFR when switching languages. Those who did change used different strategies than women when differentiating FFRs between languages. Detected cross-linguistic differences in FFR can be explained by sociocultural factors. Therefore, sociolinguistic factors are to be taken into account in any further study of language-specific pitch setting and cross-linguistic differences in FFR.
19
Breeze, Andrew. "Kathryn Hurlock, Medieval Welsh Pilgrimage c. 1100–1500. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, xvi, 262 pp." Mediaevistik 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2019.01.33.
Full textAbstract:
Pilgrimage in and beyond Wales is the concern of this New Middle Ages study. Well-written and with an attractive subject, it is a first-class addition to the series. It deals with the pious men and women who made their way to Bardsey out in the Irish Sea or St Davids on the Atlantic coast or Holywell in north-east Wales, while others were journeying to Santiago de Compostela or Rome or even Jerusalem, as shown by Welsh poetry and the like.
20
Cavell, Emma. "ARISTOCRATIC WIDOWS AND THE MEDIEVAL WELSH FRONTIER: THE SHROPSHIRE EVIDENCE." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 17 (December 2007): 57–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440107000539.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article builds upon the work of the late Professor Sir Rees Davies and other scholars interested in the medieval March of Wales, and draws attention to the place, roles and experiences of the noblewomen in a region usually considered the preserve of the warrior lord. In focusing on the aristocratic widow, for whom records are relatively abundant, it examines the widows’ experience of dower assignment and of estate and castle management on a frontier district. It contends that, among other things, those who allocated dower to the widows of the region deliberately eschewed the frontier hotspots, and that the normative relationship between female lord and castle was at once improved and restricted by the warlike nature of the region. A final section examines the life and career of the often overlooked Isabel de Mortimer (daughter of Roger de Mortimer of Wigmore and sometime wife of John FitzAlan III), revealing her critical part in holding the Shropshire frontline on the eve of the final conquest of Wales (1282–3). The case is made that we cannot fully understand the aristocratic Marcher society without including women in our histories.
21
Crosby, Kevin. "Keeping women off the jury in 1920s England and Wales." Legal Studies 37, no. 4 (December 2017): 695–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lest.12169.
Full textAbstract:
The Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 ended the prohibition on female jurors. This did not mean that English and Welsh juries became representative institutions overnight, however: the property qualifications ensured that juries were still drawn from the top few per cent of the local population; and the 1919 Act expressly permitted trial judges to order single-sex juries where the nature of the evidence required it. The continued existence of peremptory challenges allowed defendants in felony trials to exclude women from their juries whenever they preferred to be tried only by men. Finally, some judges permitted female jurors to excuse themselves from particular trials if they so desired. This paper explores the effects these factors had on the practical enjoyment of the female jury franchise after the passing of the 1919 Act. It finds that the picture is remarkably localised: rates of women serving on juries were very different for the five assize circuits for which adequate records exist (Midland, Oxford, South Eastern, South Wales and Western). By exploring these issues, this paper reveals how flexible the female jury franchise was in its early years, and shows how important local differences were in keeping women off the jury.
22
Masson, Ursula. "‘Hand in hand with the women, forward we will go’: welsh nationalism and feminism in the 1890s." Women's History Review 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 357–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612020300200364.
Full text
23
O'Neill, Mandi. "Restoring the 'Mam': Archives, Access And Research Into Women’s Pasts In Wales." Public History Review 18 (December 31, 2011): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v18i0.2123.
Full textAbstract:
In this article I look at issues around access to material for researching the pasts of women in Wales and two archives in Wales are discussed: The Butetown History and Arts Centre (BHAC) which has recorded oral interviews with women from the community of Butetown (‘Tiger Bay’) in Cardiff, as well as collecting other material about the community, and Archif Menywod Cymru/Women’s Archive of Wales (WAW), which is working to ‘rescue’ sources of women’s history across Wales. Access to all archives is vital as there is a general lack of material about women’s pasts in Wales which can be used to challenge stereotyped representations of Welsh women, particularly of working-class women. Both BHAC and WAW have relied on public funding to differing degrees and this has been an increasingly important element in helping a large number of groups and organisations in Wales in the areas of community and local history to carry out their own research. However, public funding often comes with obligations regarding access to material which might not tie in with the aims and ethos of some more specialist archives. The changing nature of county record offices/archives is also important as they continue to become much more involved in collaborative projects with community groups and other organisations.
24
Grime, Helen. "Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies: ‘Ethereal from the Waist Up and All Welsh Pony Down Below’." New Theatre Quarterly 27, no. 3 (August 2011): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x1100042x.
Full textAbstract:
In this article Helen Grime examines the enduring epithet of ethereality and its persistent connection to the career of the actress Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies (1891–1992). Most closely associated with her portrayal of Etain in the much revived musical drama The Immortal Hour, ethereality is understood as a signifier of 1920s femininity. The offstage presentation of a domesticated femininity further evidences the apparent conventionality of this actress's self-presentation at a time of particular anxiety about the socio-political position of women. These notions of femininity hint at the prevailing social attitudes that confronted an actress whose on- and offstage appearances were subject to public scrutiny while her private lesbian identity remained obscured. It is suggested, however, that Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies's playful negotiation of her demonstrably fragmented identity evidences an agency and self-possession belied by her public conformity. Helen Grime completed her thesis, A Strange Omission: Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies, Twentieth-Century Shakespearean Actress, in 2008 and is currently a Lecturer in Drama at the University of Winchester.
25
Jauhari, Yasmin, Melissa Ruth Gannon, David Dodwell, Kieran Horgan, Karen Clements, Jibby Medina, Carmen Tsang, et al. "Construction of the secondary care administrative records frailty (SCARF) index and validation on older women with operable invasive breast cancer in England and Wales: a cohort study." BMJ Open 10, no. 5 (May 2020): e035395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035395.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivesStudies that use national datasets to evaluate the management of older women with breast cancer are often constrained by a lack of information on patient fitness. This study constructed a frailty index for use with secondary care administrative records and evaluated its ability to improve models of treatment patterns and overall survival in women with breast cancer.DesignRetrospective cohort study.ParticipantsWomen aged ≥50 years with oestrogen receptor (ER) positive early invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 2014 and 2017 in England.MethodsThe secondary care administrative records frailty (SCARF) index was based on the cumulative deficit model of frailty, using International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death, 10th revision codes to define a set of deficits. The index was applied to administrative records that were linked to national cancer registry datasets. The ability of the SCARF index to improve the performance of regression models to explain observed variation in the rate of surgery and overall survival was evaluated using Harrell’s c-statistic and decision curve analysis. External validation was performed on a dataset of similar women diagnosed in Wales.ResultsThe SCARF index captured 32 deficits that cover functional impairment, geriatric syndromes, problems with nutrition, cognition and mood, and medical comorbidities. In the English dataset (n=67 925), the prevalence of frailty in women aged 50–69, 70–79 and ≥80 years was 15%, 28% and 47%, respectively. Adding a frailty measure to regression models containing age, tumour characteristics and comorbidity improved their ability to: (1) discriminate between whether a woman was likely to have surgery and (2) predict overall survival. Similar results were obtained when the models were applied to the Welsh cohort (n=4 230).ConclusionThe SCARF index provides a simple and consistent method to identify frailty in population level data and could help describe differences in breast cancer treatments and outcomes.
26
Bolt, Sally, J. Jones, J. Evans, E. Williams, and K. Gower Thomas. "Cancers found while screening women at high risk of breast cancer due to their family history - The Welsh experience." European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 34, no. 10 (October 2008): 1162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2008.06.043.
Full text
27
Owoniyi, Marian Olamide, and Dr Olutoyin Elizabeth Okeya. "An Exploration of Pregnant Women Smokers Knowledge of Accessing ‘Stop Smoking’ Services in Wales." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September 5, no. 9 (September 24, 2020): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20sep266.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of smoking in pregnancy has remained a challenge to both public health professionals and Welsh Government with the low uptake of stop smoking services by pregnant women. Despite the evidence base for stop smoking, services have neither been implemented consistently nor robustly across Wales. Hence the need to develop a service improvement project like ‘Models for Access to Maternal Stop Smoking Support’ (MAMSS) to provide new ways of supporting pregnant women who smoke, alongside the current national Stop Smoking Services. The study explored the experiences and views of pregnant women smokers accessing stop smoking services in Wales. The need for suitable training was reported amongst public health professionals involved in providing stop smoking service for pregnant women. Most women wanted to reduce and not stop smoking; also available opportunities were important in determining the ability to access and deliver services, with the use of carbon monoxide (CO) monitors positively influencing the receptiveness of the pregnant women. Midwives were however reluctant to create an image of enforcing stop smoking and a holistic approach was advocated by some staff members to encourage health education and promotion. Overall, a specialist service such as that provided by the MAMSS project was viewed as appropriate. Public health professionals understood their roles and the advantages of the CO monitors in encouraging quitting/stop smoking in pregnancy. Specialist midwives made positive impacts on the pregnant smoker’s receptiveness to stop smoking support. Both staff and pregnant women acknowledged that accessibility and flexibility of service were key determinants of service delivery and service uptake, whilst incorporating an approach that is supportive rather than enforcing. This electronic document is a “live” template and already defines the components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] in its style sheet
28
Johnes, Martin. "Race, Archival Silences, and a Black Footballer Between the Wars." Twentieth Century British History 31, no. 4 (September 2, 2020): 530–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/hwaa023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The relative absence of colour in archival sources has led the British historiography of race to concentrate too much on the reactions of white Britons and not enough on black experiences. With some notable exceptions, this has created an analytical emphasis on racism and discrimination rather than the agency of black men and women to resist prejudices and live meaningful lives. This article explores the life of Welsh footballer Eddie Parris in order to investigate the working-class black experience in interwar Britain. It acts as a reminder of the importance of thinking of people of colour in early-twentieth-century Britain as individuals rather than just as a racialized category. Nonetheless, notions of racial difference were so pervasive that race was never irrelevant for their lives. The task for the historian is to acknowledge and investigate the impact of these ideas without letting them push aside the actual people within them.
29
Workman, Lance. "Self-Perception of Intelligence in Male and Female Undergraduates in Old and New Welsh Universities." Psychology Learning & Teaching 4, no. 1 (March 2005): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/plat.2004.4.1.22.
Full textAbstract:
In 1991 John Major's UK government announced that the binary divide in UK higher education was to be phased out as polytechnics would be given permission by the Privy Council to apply for university status. But has the binary divide really ceased to exist in higher education? Given that the ‘old’ universities typically ask for higher A-level grades than the ‘new’ ones we might ask: do students at new universities perceive themselves as being less able than those at old universities? In addition to the possibility of differences between institutions we might also ask do the sexes differ in their self-perceptions of intelligence? Over the last 25 years, a number of studies have demonstrated a robust gender difference in self-estimation of intelligence, with female undergraduates consistently producing lower ratings of their own intelligence than their male counterparts (see for example Hogan, 1978; Higgins, 1987 and Furnham, 2000, 2001). Does this situation still prevail in today's universities where more women than men now enter higher education? Finally, given the rapid rise in the proportion of the population entering higher education during the 1990s we might ask whether this rise has had an effect on the self-perception of intelligence in students. The current study was designed to throw some light on all three of these questions by simply asking undergraduate samples at an old and a new Welsh university what score they think they would achieve on an IQ test. The findings suggest that female undergraduates still rate themselves less highly than males, that students attending new universities perceive themselves as being less intelligent than those studying at old universities and finally, that during the 1990s there was a general fall in self-estimates of IQ amongst university students.
30
Delarue, Jacques, Thierry Constans, Denis Malvy, Alain Pradignac, Charles Couet, and Fernand Lamisse. "Anthropometric values in an elderly French population." British Journal of Nutrition 71, no. 2 (February 1994): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19940135.
Full textAbstract:
We compared anthropometric indices in samples of elderly people aged 65 years and over living in two French areas. The samples were divided into four age-groups (65–69, 70–74, 75–79 and over 80 years). We observed interregional differences in women aged 65–69 years and in men aged 65–74 years. Weight and anthropometric variables related to body fat percentage and to muscle mass showed a decline with age as already reported by others. We established anthropometric percentile values according to sex in pooled subjects when no integrated difference was found. The 50th percentile of arm circumference, muscle arm circumference and triceps skinfold was higher, and the 50th percentile of body mass index was lower than the one reported for the same indices from an elderly Welsh population. Our results show that an interregional difference in anthropometric indices exists in the elderly. The differences which are observed between our results and those reported from a British population emphasize the importance of establishing local values for the elderly population.
31
Kiran, Amit, Rebecca Sally Geary, Ipek Gurol-Urganci, David A. Cromwell, Loveleen Bansi-Matharu, Judy Shakespeare, Tahir Mahmood, and Jan van der Meulen. "Sociodemographic differences in symptom severity and duration among women referred to secondary care for menorrhagia in England and Wales: a cohort study from the National Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Audit." BMJ Open 8, no. 2 (February 2018): e018444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018444.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveTo examine symptom severity and duration at time of referral to secondary care for heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) by socioeconomic deprivation, age and ethnicityDesignCohort analysis of data from the National HMB Audit linked to Hospital Episode Statistics data.SettingEnglish and Welsh National Health Services (secondary care): February 2011 to January 2012.Participants15 325 women aged 18–60 years in England and Wales who had a new referral for HMB to a gynaecology outpatient departmentMethodsMultivariable linear regression to calculate adjusted differences in mean symptom severity and quality of life scores at first outpatient visit. Multivariable logistic regression to calculate adjusted ORs. Adjustment for body mass index, parity and comorbidities.Primary outcome measuresMean symptom severity score (0=best, 100=worst), mean condition-specific quality of life score (0=worst, 100=best) and symptom duration (≥1 year).ResultsWomen were on average 42 years old and 12% reported minority ethnic backgrounds. Mean symptom severity and condition-specific quality of life scores were 61.8 and 34.7. Almost three-quarters of women (74%) reported having had symptoms for ≥1 year. Women from more deprived areas had more severe symptoms at their first outpatient visit (difference −6.1; 95% CI−7.2 to −4.9, between least and most deprived quintiles) and worse condition-specific quality of life (difference 6.3; 95% CI 5.1 to 7.5). Symptom severity declined with age while quality of life improved.ConclusionsWomen living in more deprived areas reported more severe HMB symptoms and poorer quality of life at the start of treatment in secondary care. Providers should examine referral practices to explore if these differences reflect women’s health-seeking behaviour or how providers decide whether or not to refer.
32
Williams, Harford. "Gwendolen Rees FRS – fifty-six years (1930 to date) in research." Parasitology 92, no. 3 (June 1986): 483–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000065392.
Full textAbstract:
Professor Gwendolen Rees, or Gwen as she prefers to be known, was educated at the Intermediate School for Girls, Aberdare, between 1918 and 1924. Aberdare, a valley community in South Wales was, in the nineteenth century, world-famous as a centre for the Welsh iron and coal industry. Unlike its neighbouring town, Merthyr, however, it was not totally dominated by industry and it is especially renowned for its spacious and beautiful park near the town centre. During Gwen's early life, Aberdare was one of the largest and most influential centres of literary culture in Wales, and a place where education was of prime importance in the community. As far back as 1867, Aberdare men and women had claimed that ‘what we think today, Wales will think tomorrow’. Could these be the reasons why Aberdare has produced so many distinguished academics? None, however, has achieved greater distinction than Gwendolen Rees who, in 1971, became the first woman academic in Wales to be elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. Since she has often been affectionately referred to as ‘one in a million’ by her former students, the metaphor assumed literal significance in 1971, when the female population of Wales was 1446000. Because of a phenomenal life-long dedication to her chosen career as university teacher, researcher and administrator, together with a genuine lack of desire for personal acclaim, there may have been many people who had never heard of her until 1971.
33
Hart, Elizabeth. "Anthropology, Class and the ‘Big Heads’: An Ethnography of Distinctions between ‘Rough’ and ‘Posh’ amongst Women Workers in the UK Pottery Industry." Sociological Review 53, no. 4 (November 2005): 710–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2005.00592.x.
Full textAbstract:
In the context of the take-over by a global corporation (Royal Doulton) of a family-owned and run pottery factory in Longton Stoke-on-Trent, known as ‘Beswick’, and the subsequent re-structuring of production, this paper explores the way in which women pottery workers make social distinctions between the ‘rough’ and ‘posh’, ‘proper paintresses’ and ‘big heads’ which cut into and across abstract sociological notions of class. Drawing on ethnographic data I show that for these working class women, class as lived is inherently ambiguous and contradictory and reveal the ways in which class is gendered. I build on historical and sociological studies of the pottery industry, and anthropological and related debates on class, as well as Frankenberg's study of a Welsh village, to develop my argument and draw analogies between factory and village at a number of levels. My findings support the view that class is best understood not as an abstract generalising category, but in the local and specific contexts of women's working lives. I was the first one in our family to go in decorating end and they thought I was a bit stuck-up. My sister was in clay end as a cup-handler and I had used to walk off factory without her, or wait for her to leave before I left, though she said, ‘If it wasn't for me you wouldn't have anything to paint!’ They were much freer in the clay end – had more to do with men – we thought we were one up. 1
34
Morus, Iwan Rhys. "Out on the fringe: Wales and the history of science." British Journal for the History of Science 54, no. 1 (March 2021): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087420000655.
Full textAbstract:
Imagine a scene sometime in the 1750s in the depths of west Wales. This was wild country. Even a century later, George Borrow called it a ‘mountainous wilderness … a waste of russet-coloured hills, with here and there a black craggy summit’. Through this desolation rides the Reverend William Williams. As he rode, he read – and the book in his saddlebags on this occasion was William Derham's Astro-Theology, first published some twenty years earlier. Williams was a leading figure in the Methodist revolution that had been sweeping through Wales for the past two decades. Disenchanted with an Anglican Church that seemed increasingly disconnected – culturally and linguistically – from their everyday lives, and attracted by powerful and charismatic preachers like Williams himself, men and women across Wales turned to Methodism. They organized themselves into local groups worshipping in meeting houses rather than in their parish churches. Leaders like Williams usually had a number of such groups under their care, and spent much of their time on horseback, travelling between widely scattered communities to minister to their congregations. That Williams read in the saddle is well known. As shall become clear, he had certainly read Derham's book as well. It is not too much of an imaginative leap, therefore, to picture him reading about God's design of the cosmos as he rode through the Welsh hills – and it is a good image with which to begin a discussion about Wales, science and European peripheries.
35
Jouitteau, Mélanie. "The Politeness Systems of Address, Variations across Breton Dialects." Roczniki Humanistyczne 69, no. 11 Zeszyt specjalny (2021): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh216911-6s.
Full textAbstract:
This paper provides a synthesis of the various address systems in Breton dialects, and their evolution during the last century. It discusses the available data and provides the elicitation results from recent fieldwork. Three distinct address systems are described: hierarchical T–V (plurals are directed to superiors as a V form), gendered T–V (plurals are directed to women and girls as a V form), and non-dual (the once singular marker noted †2SG is missing in all of the paradigms, and the once plural form noted †V is the unique address pronoun and does not realise a formal marker). These systems are mapped to their respective territories of usage and an analysis is offered of the diachronic evolution and the cross-influences of these three systems over the last century. Most of the speakers in the central and southern area are restricted to a unique address pronoun, like Modern English you. This system is gaining ground towards the coasts, where a distinctive T address among male close friends or relatives gives rise to a T–V gendered system like in Welsh (Watkins). In the remaining North and South-East areas, a hierarchical T–V system organised centrally around age and social status is resisting the extension of the central area much more. Evidence is presented for independent subsystems inside both T–V systems: addresses to animals, to clergymen and to God. Occasional inversion of an expected marker serves emotionally charged interactions (aggressive T, hypocoristic V).
36
Yang, Kim, Qiu, Zhang, Wu, Jang, and Park. "Rice Porridge Containing Welsh Onion Root Water Extract Alleviates Osteoarthritis-Related Pain Behaviors, Glucose Levels, and Bone Metabolism in Osteoarthritis-Induced Ovariectomized Rats." Nutrients 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2019): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071503.
Full textAbstract:
Rice porridge containing Allium fistulosum (Welsh onion) root water extract (RAFR) has anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds. We examined whether the long-term administration of rice porridge with RAFR would prevent or delay the progression of osteoarthritis and menopausal symptoms in estrogen-deficient animals by ovariectomy. The rats consumed 40% fat energy diets containing 250 mg RAFR (rice: Allium fistulosum root = 13:1)/kg body weight (bw) (OVX-OA-RAFR-Low), 750 mg RAFR/kg bw (OVX-OA-RAFR-High) and 750 mg starch and protein/kg bw(OVX), respectively. After consuming the assigned diets for eight weeks, monoiodoacetate (OVX-OA) or saline (OVX) were injected into the knee joints of the rats for an additional three weeks. Sham rats were administered saline injections (normal-control). OVX-OA-RAFR improved oral glucose tolerance and also protected against decreases in bone mineral density and lean body mass in the legs and increases in fat mass in the abdomen, compared to the OVX and OVX-OA. OVX-OA-RAFR improved swelling and limping scores, normalized weight distribution between the osteoarthritic and normal limbs, and increased maximum running speeds compared to the OVX-OA. The OVX-OA deteriorated the articular cartilage by reducing the articular matrix and bone loss in the knee joint and it prevented knee joint deterioration when compared to the OVX. The improvement in osteoarthritis symptoms in OVX-OA-RAFR decreased the mRNA expression of matrix metallo-proteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-13, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in the articular cartilage compared to OVX-OA rats. In conclusions, RAFR is effective in treating osteoarthritis symptoms and it may be used for a therapeutic agent in osteoarthritis-induced menopausal women.
37
Bolton, J. L. "Irish migration to England in the late middle ages: the evidence of 1394 and 1440." Irish Historical Studies 32, no. 125 (May 2000): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400014620.
Full textAbstract:
In 1440, for the first and only time in the late middle ages, the Irish in England were treated as aliens for taxation purposes. At the Reading session of the parliament of 1439–40 the Commons had granted an alien subsidy. It was a poll tax, to be paid at the rate of 16d. per head by householders and at 6d. per head by non-householders, by all those either not born in England or Wales or who did not have letters of denization, that is, naturalisation. Men of religious obedience and children under the age of twelve were also exempted, as were alien women married to English or Welsh men. The grant was to last for three years, and the first assessments were to be made around Easter 1440 for a tax to be collected in two parts, at Easter and the following Michaelmas. Caught in the tax net were Gascons and Normans, Bretons and Flemings, Scots and Channel Islanders, French and Italians, Spanish and Portuguese, the occasional Icelander, Swede and Finn — and the Irish. Like all new taxes, it met with resistance, and pressure groups such as the Genoese and Hanseatic merchants were soon able to claim exemption by virtue of their charters. There were also protests from Ireland. The earl of Ormond, as head of the Dublin administration, pointed out to the king that this was something new and asked Henry VI that Englishmen born in Ireland should have the same rights and freedom as Englishmen born in England.
38
Keaver, Laura, Benshuai Xu, Abbygail Jaccard, and Laura Webber. "Morbid obesity in the UK: A modelling projection study to 2035." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 48, no. 4 (August 30, 2018): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818794814.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Morbid obesity (body mass index ⩾40 kg/m2) carries a higher risk of non-communicable disease and is associated with more complex health issues and challenges than obesity body mass index ≥30kg/m2 and <40kg/m2, resulting in much higher financial implications for health systems. Although obesity trends have previously been projected to 2035, these projections do not separate morbid obesity from obesity. This study therefore complements these projections and looks at the prevalence and development of morbid obesity in the UK. Methods: Individual level body mass index data for people aged >15 years in England, Wales (2004–2014) and Scotland (2008–2014) were collated from national surveys and stratified by sex and five-year age groups (e.g. 15–19 years), then aggregated to calculate the annual distribution of healthy weight, overweight, obesity and morbid obesity for each age and sex group. A categorical multi-variate non-linear regression model was fitted to these distributions to project trends to 2035. Results: The prevalence of morbid obesity was predicted to increase to 5, 8 and 11% in Scotland, England and Wales, respectively, by 2035. Welsh women aged 55–64 years had the highest projected prevalence of 20%. In total, almost five million people are forecast to be classified as morbidly obese across the three countries in 2035. Conclusions: The prevalence of morbid obesity is predicted to increase by 2035 across the three UK countries, with Wales projected to have the highest rates. This is likely to have serious health and financial implications for society and the UK health system.
39
Gameiro, Sofia, Elisabeth El Refaie, Berit Bliesemann de Guevara, and Alida Payson. "Women from diverse minority ethnic or religious backgrounds desire more infertility education and more culturally and personally sensitive fertility care." Human Reproduction 34, no. 9 (August 14, 2019): 1735–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez156.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract STUDY QUESTION What are the views, experiences and healthcare needs of infertile women from a minority ethnic or religious background living in Wales? SUMMARY ANSWER Women from ethnic and religious minority backgrounds consider that their communities have highly pronatalistic attitudes and stigmatize infertility, and express the need for more infertility education (for themselves and their communities), as well as more socio-culturally and interpersonally sensitive fertility care. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN Some people from minority ethnic or religious groups perceive pressure to conceive from their communities, experience social costs when they are unable to have children and stressful interactions with the fertility healthcare system while attempting to conceive. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study was based on a one-day drawing workshop to collect visual (artwork produced by participants) and textual (all conversations and discussions during the workshop) data about the participants’ views and experiences of infertility and their fertility care needs. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants were nine adult women with a minority ethnic or religious status living in Wales, UK, who were experiencing or had experienced infertility in the past. The workshop comprised five activities: (i) small and large group discussion of infertility-related drawings, (ii) lide-based lecture consisting of an introduction to the basics of drawing objects and people and (iii) thoughts and feelings, (iv) free drawing session and (v) group sharing. Audio recordings of the workshop were transcribed verbatim. Textual data was analysed with thematic analysis. Risk for bias was addressed via individual coding by two authors followed by joint presentation and discussion of results with the research team and participants. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Forty-one themes were identified and grouped into eight distinct higher order themes. These themes described the emotional, relational and social burden of infertility experienced by women, which they perceived to result from their communities’ highly pronatalistic attitudes and stigmatization of infertility. Themes also captured women’s adaptive coping strategies and critical attitude towards pronatalist ideologies. Lastly, themes captured their overall positive evaluation of their fertility health care, their desire for more infertility education (for themselves and their communities) and for culturally competent and interpersonally sensitive care. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our participants were a small, non-random sample recruited in collaboration with a local charity, which may mean that all participants were well integrated in their communities. Analysis focused on capturing commonalities in participants’ experiences and this may sometimes result in homogenising diverse experiences. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS More education about the infertility experiences of minority ethnic and religious groups at the community and healthcare delivery level may translate into lessened negative attitudes towards infertility and more culturally competent care, which can be beneficial for women. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research was funded by Welsh Crucible. The authors have no conflict of interests to declare.
40
Haravon, Leslie D. "Exercises in Empowerment: Toward a Feminist Aerobic Pedagogy." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 4, no. 2 (October 1995): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.4.2.23.
Full textAbstract:
The current popularity of aerobic dance exercise makes it an important site for the analysis of women and movement. Feminist researchers have critiqued aerobics as an activity which does more to maintain dominant ideologies of women’s powerlessness than it does to liberate women through movement and action (Kagan & Morse, 1988; MacNeil, 1988; Theberge, 1985, 1987) whereas, based upon psychological studies, a participation in aerobics has been shown to improve self-esteem (Labbe, Welsh, & Delaney, 1988; Plummer & Young, 1987; Skrinar, Bullen, Cheek, McArthur, & Vaughan, 1986). Other scholars point to the contradictions of empowerment and oppression that women must encounter when they participate in aerobic dance exercise (Haravon, 1992; Kenen, 1987; Markula, 1991).In this paper I consider an alternative feminist reading of aerobic dance exercise, arguing that there are specific ways to make the mainstream aerobic workout a site for empowerment for women. Using the commentary of physical education students, I explain how an aerobic workout can empower its female participants. My definition of the term empowerment is borrowed from the work of Nancy Theberge (1985, 1987) in which she discusses women’s liberation and feminist notions of power as they might apply to sport. Theberge argues that “the potential of sport to act as an agent of women’s liberation stems mainly from the opportunity that women’s sporting activity affords them to experience their bodies as strong and powerful and free from male domination” (Theberge, 1985, p. 202). Theberge discusses both energy and creativity as more feminist ways of conceiving of power in sport (Theberge, 1987). I argue that creative and energetic power as well as the experience of a strong body free from male domination can be cultivated in the aerobic workout.In the research presented here, I discuss common theoretical critiques of the practice of aerobics, review interactive studies of aerobics, and describe the method and practice of teaching both aerobics and Hatha Yoga. Quoting students in a yoga class, I note certain aspects of the class that might make it an empowering, consciousness-changing experience for these students. The yoga teaching methods discussed here are used as a guideline for the discussion of the empowering aerobic workout, which prescribes methods for teaching empowering aerobics using the recommendations, critiques and comments from the preceding sections. The purpose of this paper, rather than being a comparison of two representative samples of research subjects in yoga and aerobics classes, is to suggest that a juxtaposition of methods of teaching might reveal practical knowledge about empowering students in an aerobics class. Before discussing teaching and empowerment in particular, I offer the following theoretical perspectives on aerobics which are grounded in Cultural Studies, the assumptions of which are discussed below.
41
Werbner, Pnina. "The Translocation of Culture: ‘Community Cohesion’ and the Force of Multiculturalism in History1." Sociological Review 53, no. 4 (November 2005): 745–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2005.00594.x.
Full textAbstract:
In his work on a Welsh border village, Ronald Frankenberg showed how cultural performances, from football to carnival, conferred agency on local actors and framed local conflicts. The present article extends these themes. It responds to invocations of ‘community cohesion’ by politicians and policy makers, decrying the failure of communal leadership following riots by young South Asians in northern British towns. Against their critique of self-segregating isolationism, the article traces the historical process of Pakistani migration and settlement in Britain, to argue that the dislocations and relocations of transnational migration generate two paradoxes of culture. The first is that in order to sink roots in a new country, transnational migrants in the modern world begin by setting themselves culturally and socially apart. They form encapsulated ‘communities’. Second, that within such communities culture can be conceived of as conflictual, open, hybridising and fluid, while nevertheless having a sentimental and morally compelling force. This stems from the fact, I propose, that culture is embodied in ritual, in social exchange and in performance, conferring agency and empowering different social actors: religious and secular, men, women and youth. Hence, against both defenders and critics of multiculturalism as a political and philosophical theory of social justice, the final part of the article argues for the need to theorise multiculturalism in history. In this view, rather than being fixed by liberal or socialist universal philosophical principles, multicultural citizenship must be grasped as changing and dialogical, inventive and responsive, a negotiated political order. The British Muslim diasporic struggle for recognition in the context of local racism and world international crises exemplifies this process.
42
Dieng, Aissata, Jie He, and Thomas G. Poder. "Web Comparison of Three Contingent Valuation Techniques in Women of Childbearing Age: The Case of Ovulation Induction in Quebec." Interactive Journal of Medical Research 9, no. 1 (February 8, 2020): e13355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13355.
Full textAbstract:
Background In Canada, 11.5% to 15.7% of couples suffer from infertility. Anovulation, or failed ovulation, is one of the main causes of infertility in women. In Quebec, the treatment for ovulation induction and other services related to assisted reproductive technology (ART) have been partially reimbursed by the government since 2010. Objective This study aimed to compare the willingness to pay (WTP) of women of childbearing age to receive drug treatment in the event of failed ovulation according to 3 different contingent valuation methods. Methods The following elicitation techniques were used: simple bid price dichotomous choice (DC), followed by an open-ended question (DC-OE), and a simplified multiple-bounded discrete choice (MBDC). Each participant was randomly assigned to 1 of 3 elicitation techniques. Bid prices ranged from Can $200 to Can $5000. Of the 7 bid prices, 1 was randomly proposed to each participant in the DC and DC-OE groups. For the DC-OE group, if the answer to the DC bid price was no, respondents were asked what was the maximum amount they were willing to pay. For the MBDC group, each respondent was offered an initial bid price of Can $1500, and the subsequent bid price offer increased or decreased according to the answer provided. “Do not know” responses were considered as a “no”, and each individual was questioned as to their certainty after each choice. WTP values were estimated using probit and bivariate models; the Welsh and Poe model was also performed for the MBDC group. Results The survey was conducted from 2009 to 2010 with a total sample of 680 women. Analyses were performed on 610 respondents (199 DC, 230 DC-OE, and 181 MBDC). Of the 70 respondents who were excluded, 6 did not meet the age criterion, 45 had an annual income less than Can $2500, and 19 did not respond to the WTP question. Mean WTP values were Can $4033.26, Can $1857.90, and Can $1630.63 for DC, DC-OE, and MBDC, respectively. The WTP for MBDC “definitely yes” and “probably yes” values were Can $1516.73 and Can $1871.22, respectively. The 3 elicitation techniques provided WTP value differences that were statistically significant (P<.01). The MBDC was the most accurate method, with a lower confidence interval (Can $557) and a lower (CI/mean) ratio (0.34). Conclusions A positive WTP for ovulation induction was found in Quebec. Adding a follow-up question resulted in more accurate WTP values. The MBDC technique provided a more accurate estimate of the WTP with a smaller and, therefore, more efficient confidence interval. To help decision making and improve the effectiveness of the fiscal policy related to the ART program, the WTP value elicited with the MBDC technique should be used.
43
Bell, Sarah Frances, Thomas Kitchen, Miriam John, Cerys Scarr, Kevin Kelly, Christopher Bailey, Kathryn James, et al. "Designing and implementing an all Wales postpartum haemorrhage quality improvement project: OBS Cymru (the Obstetric Bleeding Strategy for Wales)." BMJ Open Quality 9, no. 2 (April 2020): e000854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000854.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundPostpartum haemorrhage (PPH) contributes to substantial maternal morbidity. Research into PPH has led to improvements in care which have been incorporated into the Obstetric Bleeding Strategy for Wales.InterventionA national quality improvement team supported local teams in implementing multiple interventions including risk assessment, objective measurement of blood loss, multiprofessional assessment (at the bedside at 1000 mL blood loss) and point-of-care (POC) testing of coagulation to guide blood product resuscitation during PPH. The project was rolled out to all 12 obstetric units in 2017. The interventions were reinforced by an All Wales Guideline, PPH proforma and standardised training. A national database, biannual audits, and patient and staff surveys reported process and outcome measures.ResultsProcess measures: during 2017, there was an increase in the percentage of maternities with documented risk assessment (0%–76%), objective measurement of blood loss (52%–88%) and POC testing for coagulation for PPH ≥1500 mL (38%–59%). Maternity staff survey indicated that 94% were aware of the project and 87% stated that it had changed their unit’s management of PPH. Interim outcome measures: the incidence (95% CI) of PPH ≥2500 mL per 1000 maternities in 2017 was 6.03 (5.23–6.95). The annual number of women receiving any red blood cell transfusion, level 3 intensive care admission and hysterectomy for PPH was 19.7 (18.2 to 21.3), 0.702 (0.464 to 1.06) and 0.255 (0.129 to 0.504) per 1000 maternities, respectively.ConclusionsA high level of project awareness across Welsh maternity units has been achieved. Measurement of blood loss was reported to be the most important early change in practice, while PPH documentation and POC testing continue to be embedded. Combining qualitative and quantitative measures to inform implementation has improved project delivery and allowed teams to adapt to local contexts.
44
Jones, Matthew, Helen Snooks, Bridie Angela Evans, Alan Watkins, and Gordon Fuller. "PP19 Opioid poisoning deaths: a national picture." Emergency Medicine Journal 36, no. 1 (January 2019): e8.1-e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2019-999.19.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundThe factors associated with opioid poisoning death are poorly understood. We performed a retrospective autopsy study of decedents of opioid poisoning in Wales in 2015. Using anonymised linked data, we describe demographic characteristics, patterns of emergency service utilisation, and clinical presentation prior to death.MethodsDecedents of opioid poisoning in Wales in 2015 were identified from Office of National Statistics (ONS) mortality data. Records were linked with the Emergency Department Dataset (EDDS) by the National Welsh Informatics Service (NWIS); and held in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank. Data were accessed and analysed in the SAIL gateway.ResultsAge at death ranged from eighteen to seventy-eight years, with a mean of forty-two years. Average male age was forty-one years and average female age was forty-four and a half years. Seventy-six percent of decedents were men (n=98/112).Eight-seven percent of decedents (n=112/129) attended the emergency department in the three years prior to death; eighty-nine in the previous year, ninety-nine in the previous two years and 112 in the previous three years. Eighty-four percent of male and ninety-three percent of female decedents attended the ED in the three years prior to death.In total 665 attendances were made, half of which involved conveyance by ambulance. Attendances per individual ranged from one to sixty, with over half of decedents attending more than three times.Diagnostic codes were mostly missing or non-specific, with only six and a half percent of attendances representing twenty seven decedents, coded as drug related.ConclusionsMatching previously published data, we found that fatal opioid poisoning is preceded by a period of high emergency health service utilisation. On average decedents were in their fifth decade and more likely to be male than female. Attendances varied widely, with men less likely to attend than women.
45
Lieven, Michael. "Heroism, Heroics and the Making of Heroes: The Anglo-Zulu War of 1879." Albion 30, no. 3 (1998): 419–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0095139000061093.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years a number of studies have examined the function of heroic narratives in the propaganda of empire and the construction of “Britishness.” Graham Dawson has argued that such narratives “became myths of nationhood itself providing a cultural focus around which the national community could cohere.” In the light of the nineteenth-century chivalric ideal, the Victorian military hero was expected to be “the embodiment of the virtues of bravery, loyalty, courtesy, generosity, modesty, purity, and compassion, and endowed with an indelible sense of noblesse oblige towards women, children and social inferiors.” The English and upper-class image of the “British” hero served, among other things, to inculcate these supposedly English characteristics in the Irish, Scottish, and Welsh. Courage was taken for granted as the essential characteristic of British imperial officers in the Victorian period but, while courage is a personal quality and is not in itself a quality belonging to the public domain, heroism is, by contrast, something definitionally public. The courageous man becomes a hero only when he is declared to be one. The roots of the hero are in dramatic narrative, which spans the epic myth and the reality of war. The hero is “made” whether in a dramatic fiction or in the representation of events, though the latter produces the problem of molding reality to the requirements of the genre. Military heroes in the genre of the imperial adventure story and in the representation of “real” events are hardly distinguishable, for they are “made” to serve the same purposes. The hero is part of a story and, as Northrop Frye has argued, that story or langue has certain generic features throughout history. On the other hand, though the hero is made, the individual can, and often did, prepare and present himself for the role.
46
Owen, Pavinpreet, Cerys Miles, and Lucie Homer. "Rapid Evidence Assessment: What works in media campaigns to engage and effect positive change in perpetrators of intimate partner violence?" Forensic Update 1, no. 140 (April 2022): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsfu.2022.1.140.69.
Full textAbstract:
This Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) was developed in the context of the implementation of the Violence Against Women, Domestic Abuse and Sexual Violence Act (VAWDASV; Wales) 2015. It specifically supports the achievement of objective three of the Welsh Government’s strategy; Increased focus on holding perpetrators to account and provide opportunities to change their behaviour based around victim safety. It also has implications for similar strategies across the UK nations. The REA outlines the published review findings to-date in addressing the research question: ‘what works in media campaigns to engage and effect positive change in perpetrators of intimate partner violence?’ It introduces the rationale for the research question and current issues in tackling this phenomenon, before discussing implications for the VAWDASV and similar strategies, in addressing Intimate partner Violence. The REA methodology is outlined and a summary of the findings and conclusions are presented. Ten papers were selected for the review according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Six clear themes emerged: (1) Campaigns should be realistic and relatable: (2) campaigns should use a variety of methods and products to reach a wide target audience; (3) the target audience should be carefully recruited and involved in the continuous evaluation of the campaign; (4) campaigns should be theoretically driven by the Transtheoretical (stages of change) Model, Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and Motivational Interviewing; (5) resources should be carefully selected to ensure campaigns are effective, accessible, run by trained professionals, and clearly signposted; and (6) campaigns should avoid using stereotypical gender images and attitudes. The REA presents clear themes which can be practically implemented in the development of campaigns to effectively engage perpetrators of intimate partner violence, and encourage them to abstain from using associated behaviours.
47
Evans, Janet, Catherine Wells, Linda Gregory, and Sheila Walker. "A comparison of intrauterine insemination, intraperitoneal insemination, and natural intercourse in superovulated women**Presented at the Biannual Meeting of the Welsh Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Neath, West Glamorgan, United Kingdom, March 26, 1990." Fertility and Sterility 56, no. 6 (December 1991): 1183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54739-6.
Full text
48
Jones, Matthew, Helen Snooks, Bridie Evans, Alan Watkins, and Gordon Fuller. "PP19 Opioid Poisoning Deaths: A National Picture." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318001915.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction:The factors associated with opioid poisoning death are poorly understood. We performed a retrospective autopsy study of decedents (a term used for people who are deceased) of opioid poisoning in Wales in 2015. Using anonymized linked data, we describe demographic characteristics, patterns of emergency service utilization, and clinical presentation prior to death.Methods:Decedents of opioid poisoning in Wales in 2015 were identified from the Office of National Statistics (ONS) mortality dataset. Records were linked with the Emergency Department Dataset (EDDS) by the National Welsh Informatics Service (NWIS); and held in the Secure Anonymized Information Linkage (SAIL) databank. The data were accessed and analyzed in the SAIL gateway.Results:Age at death ranged from eighteen to seventy-eight years, with a mean age of forty-two years. Average male age was forty-one years and average female age was forty-four and a half years. Seventy-three percent of decedents were men (n = 228/312). Eight-seven percent of decedents (n = 281/312) attended the emergency department in the three years prior to death. In total 2081 attendances were made, forty-one percent of which involved conveyance by ambulance. Attendances per individual ranged from one to 114, with over half of decedents attending more than three times. Diagnostic codes were mostly missing or non-specific, with only seven and a half percent of attendances representing eighty-two decedents, coded as drug related. Treatment codes were also mostly missing or non-specific, with sixteen percent of attendances representing 148 attendees attributed a treatment code. Thirty-nine percent of attendances (n = 822) ended in treatment and discharge, whilst twenty-seven percent (n = 562) led to hospital admission.Conclusions:Matching previously published data, we found that fatal opioid poisoning is preceded by a period of high emergency health service utilization. On average decedents were in their fifth decade and more likely to be male than female. Attendances varied widely, with men less likely to attend than women.
49
Voina, Andreea. "Book Review: Daryl Leeworthy. Causes in Common: Welsh Women and the Struggle for Social Democracy. University of Wales Press, 2022, 252 p. ISBN: 978-1-78683-854-5/eISBN: 978-1-78683-855-1." Gender Studies 21, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/genst-2023-0011.
Full text
50
Barton, James C., Pauline L. Lee, Luigi F. Bertoli, and Ernest Beutler. "Iron Overload in an African American Woman with SS Hemoglobinopathy and a Promoter Mutation in the X-Linked Erythroid-Specific 5-Aminolevulinate Synthase (ALAS2) Gene." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 3683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3683.3683.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Iron overload in African Americans unexplained by erythrocyte transfusion has been reported in a woman with sickle cell anemia (Castro et al., Blood (1998) 92 (suppl):13b) and in a woman with undefined mild anemia (Hitender et al., Am J Gastroenterol (2000) 95:2580). We evaluated a 41 year-old African American woman with sickle cell disease referred for management of congestive heart failure and recurrent stroke. She had received four units of erythrocyte transfusion over her lifetime, and had taken oral iron supplements intermittently for many years. Hemoglobin (Hb) was 7.6 g/dL, MCV 94 fL, MCH 20.7 pg, and RDW 23.3%. Erythrocyte MCV histogram revealed a small, distinct subpopulation of microcytes, but was also shifted right due to reticulocytosis (18.2%). Electrophoresis revealed 96.9% Hb S and 3.1% Hb A2. Transferrin saturation (TfSat) was 52%; serum ferritin (SF) was 1,362–3,065 ng/mL (4 measurements) without explanation other than iron overload. Serum transaminase levels were elevated. She declined liver biopsy. A desferrioxamine (DFO) urinary iron excretion test revealed 3,249 μg urinary Fe/24 h (reference range 100–300 μg urinary Fe/24 h). Thereafter, she took subcutaneous infusions of DFO five days weekly with fair compliance; other treatment included exchange transfusions (for management of strokes), hydroxyurea, and folic acid. Supplemental iron use was discontinued. Congestive heart failure improved; serum transaminase levels returned to normal. After 5.5 years of DFO infusions, SF was 561 ng/mL. We evaluated her iron-associated genes for pertinent mutations using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) and complete sequencing. She is heterozygous for a proximal promoter region mutation of ALAS2: C to G transversion at nucleotide −206 from the transcription start site, as defined by primer extension. HFE coding region mutations, including C282Y and H63D, were not detected; HFE alleles IVS4-44 C→T and IVS5-46 C→T were present. No single-nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in TFR2 (exons 2, 3; 5-13). This ALAS2 promoter mutation was first described in a Welsh family in which the heterozygous female proband had mild sideroblastic anemia, microcytosis, elevated TfSat and SF, and 87% reduction of ALAS2 mRNA in erythroid precursors, and had taken much supplemental iron (Bekri et al., Blood (2003) 102:698). Peto et al. reported that iron overload due to ineffective erythropoiesis in females heterozygous for X-linked sideroblastic anemia may be severe even when anemia is mild (Lancet (1983) 1:375). In women heterozygous for ALAS2 mutations, we propose that erythroid precursors without an ALAS2 mutation may sustain normal or near-normal levels of circulating erythrocytes and Hb, while erythroid precursors with an ALAS2 mutation stimulate iron absorption due to ineffective erythropoiesis and cause iron overload. In the present case, anemia due to the ALAS2 promoter mutation was partially masked by concurrent SS hemoglobinopathy, and iron overload was likely exacerbated by erythrocyte transfusion and iron supplements. We conclude that an ALAS2 promoter region mutation partly accounts for iron overload in the present patient with SS hemoglobinopathy, and that this or other ALAS2 mutations could explain the occurrence of non-transfusion iron overload in other African Americans with chronic anemia.