Journal articles on the topic 'Wellen (Belgium)'

The dehydroxylation of 10 Å halloysite from the Wellin (Weillen) cryptokarst (southern Belgium) was studied in situ by applying infrared emission spectroscopy. Dehydroxylation is evidenced by the loss of the OH-stretching modes between 3600 and 3700 cm-1. A slow decrease of all intensities up to ± 500 °C is observed followed between 500° and 550 °C by a rapid decrease to almost zero. The IES bands at 920 and 938 cm-1, attributed to the accompanying inner and outer or inner sheet Al-OH libration modes, are removed on heating at the same rate and disappears at the same temperature as the OH-stretching bands. The low frequency bands that disappear upon heating are associated with OH-libration (920 and 938 cm-1) or OH-translation modes (798, 754 and 693 cm-1). At high temperatures only very broad bands around 800 cm-1, a weak shoulder around 900 cm-1 and two broad bands around 1000 and 1175 cm-1 are observed. The first two are associated with newly formed Al-O bonds whereas the other two are associated with Si-O bonds in the dehydroxylated halloysite, an X-ray amorphous mullite-like phase.

Abstract Complex welds in the joint region reduce the fatigue resistance of structural joints of circular hollow sections with factors that results in increased wall thicknesses of the tubes and overspending of steel in the multi-membered part of the jacket and floating support structures for offshore wind turbines. The wrapped composite joint is a breakthrough technology utilising bonding and fatigue resistant composite material to connect steel tubular members instead of welding. The main technical advantage is that the superior fatigue life of wrapped composite joints. Full-scale wrapped composite joint is tested by cyclic out-of-plane bending loading in resonance-based Cronos testing rig at OCAS N.V. in Belgium. Results reveal exceptional fatigue life of wrapped joints to combined loading when compared to welded joints, showcasing a potential that can radically reduce steel use for offshore structures.

To meet up with the requirements of the Flemish Government, the Belgian coastline needs a protection to a storm with a return period of 1000 years. At well-chosen locations, storm walls will be built, and for the structural design of these walls the impact loadings need to be known. Tests have been carried out at full scale in the Grosser Wellen Kanal, to determine the impact loads by overtopping bores. Wave overtopping over the crest of the dike occurs, and the overtopping bore progresses along the horizontal crest of the dike before impacting the storm wall. It is of major importance that such a wall can withstand the impacts. This paper describes the hydraulic process on the crest of the dike, expressed with parameters such as flow depth and flow velocity, and links them to the impact measured on the storm wall. Both pressures and forces are measured, and compared to each other.

ABSTRACTThe Supercontainer (SC) is the reference concept for the post-conditioning of vitrified high-level nuclear waste and spent fuel in Belgium. It comprises a prefabricated concrete buffer that completely surrounds a carbon steel overpack. Welding is being considered as a final closure technique of the carbon steel overpack in order to ensure its water tightness. Welding is known to induce residual stresses near the weld zone, which may lead to an increased susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). In this study, slow strain rate tests were conducted to study the SCC behavior of plain and welded P355 QL2 grade carbon steel exposed to an artificial concrete pore water solution that is representative of the SC concrete buffer environment. The tests were performed at 140°C, a constant strain rate of 5 × 10-7s-1and at open circuit potential under anoxic conditions. The effect of thiosulfate on the SCC behavior was investigated up to levels of 600 mg/L S2O32-.

The Eifelian lithostratigraphic succession of southern Belgium is here revised based on new field investigations and reconsideration of biostratigraphic data. The Couvin Formation is divided into four members: the Villers-la-Tour Member recorded the onset of stromatoporoid biostromes, the Petigny Member is a dark fine-grained limestone that recorded the Choteč event, the Cul d’Efer Member is dominated by stromatoporoid-coral biostromes. These first three members were previously united in the Foulerie Member and correspond to the transgressive and highstand system tracts of the Middle Devonian 3rd-order sequence MD1. The argillaceous and bioclastic successive units of the Abîme Member recorded the sequence MD2. Laterally, this sequence is only composed of siliciclastic deposits of the Vieux Moulin, Station and Cimetière members of the Jemelle Formation. The highstand system tract is the newly introduced carbonate Vierves Member. Large bioherms, newly described as the Wancennes Formation, recorded the first two sequences MD1 and MD2. A major sequence boundary caps the Couvin Formation and is overlaid by the transgressive and diachronous Chavées Member of the Jemelle Formation with a depositional gap increasing eastwards. The highstand system tract of sequence MD3 is recorded in the bioherms of the Tienne Sainte-Anne Member (upper part of the Jemelle Formation), also capped by a sequence boundary. These bioherms probably acted as highs around which the sandy deposits of the Lomme Formation accumulated as lowstand system tract of sequence MD4. The Hanonet Formation and its crinoidal Wellin Member form the transgressive system tracts of sequence MD4 that terminates in the bioclastic and biohermal Trois-Fontaines Formation (Givetian). The Kačák event is identified in the transgressive system tract of this sequence. The geographic distribution of facies and of reefs in particular led to the recognition of at least six sedimentation areas corresponding most probably to synsedimentary faulted blocks here defined as the Eau Blanche, Viroin, Lesse, Ourthe, Condroz and Sambre blocks. These sedimentation areas structured the Namur-Dinant Basin and recorded distinct depositional history and were probably active during the Devonian and Carboniferous interval.

The paper describes the one-sided welding method for steel structures based on the rational choice of the inverse angle of butt-welded elements of Belgian steel for the manufacture of tank bottom elements of intended for phosphoric acid storage in a construction site. It is shown that the most expedient method for ensuring the design geometry of the tank with a minimum stress of 1.4507 of the material structure, is the bottom sheets preset for welding at a reverse angle of 12 degrees.The proposed method improves the tank reliability for storing aggressive products, its trouble-free and technical safety during the operation. The need is shown for studying the replacement of imported steel by Russian steel to manufacture tanks from alternative nonmetallic materials.

The aim of this paper is to analyse, differentiated by gender, the effects that high geographical job mobility has on parenthood decisions. In particular, in a first part we will examine whether job mobility fosters childlessness and/or postponement of childbearing and if mobility implies a lower family size. In a second part we will analyse how the specific working conditions of mobile people and their resources for balancing working and private lives affect childlessness and postponement of parenthood. The analysis will be based on a representative survey of people aged 25 to 54, performed in six European countries (Germany, France, Spain, Poland, Switzerland and Belgium) in 2007, oversampling mobile people in order to get enough cases to analyse. Results show that the impact of high job mobility on the timing and quantum of parenthood is important, both for men and women, but stronger for the latter. Besides gender, the strength of the impact depends on the duration of job mobility and when it takes place in the lifecycle. Resources for promoting a better balance of working and private lives such as flexitime and teleworking have no clear impact on parenthood decisions, but having a supportive employer facilitates family development of mobile employees. A greater involvement of men in unpaid work does not seem to facilitate fertility decisions of mobile women. Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit hohe berufsbedingte räumliche Mobilität negative Folgen auf die Familienentwicklung hat. Im ersten Teil des Aufsatzes wird getrennt nach Geschlecht analysiert, ob Mobilität Kinderlosigkeit fördert, eine Verschiebung des Geburtenkalenders verursacht und ob sie eine Reduktion der Familiengröße zur Folge hat. Darüber hinaus wird in dem zweiten Teil analysiert, welchen Einfluss bestimmte Arbeitsbedingungen sowie die Ressourcen, die Familien zur Verfügung stehen, um Familie und Beruf zu vereinbaren, auf die Entscheidungen bezüglich Elternschaft ausüben. Die Analyse stützt sich auf eine repräsentative Umfrage in sechs europäischen Ländern (Deutschland, Frankreich, Spanien, Polen, Schweiz und Belgien) mit Personen im Alter zwischen 25 und 54 Jahren. Die Daten wurden in 2007 erhoben. Mobile Erwerbstätige wurden überproportional erhoben, um eine ausreichende Fallzahl zu gewährleisten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Auswirkung der Mobilität auf die Familienentwicklung von Bedeutung ist, wobei sich Mobilität von Frauen stärker auswirkt. Darüber hinaus ist von Bedeutung, wann im Lebenslauf Mobilität und Elternschaft stattfinden und wie lange die Phase der mobilen Arbeit andauert. Flexible Arbeitszeiten oder die Möglichkeit, einen Teil der Arbeit zu Hause zu leisten, haben keinen eindeutigen Einfluss auf die Entscheidungen zur Elternschaft von mobilen Erwerbstätigen, wohl aber die Unterstützung durch den Arbeitgeber. Unterstützung seitens des Partners scheint die Entscheidung mobiler Frauen für Kinder nicht zu fördern.

Over three and a half centuries, the genre of flower still life created by Dutch artists experienced ups of interest and oblivion. There were the maximum assessment of society in the form of high fees of the 17th century artists; the criticism of connoisseurs and art theorists; the neglect in the 19th century and the rise of auction prices and close attention of art critics, manifested from the middle of the 20th century to the present day. In the middle of the 17th century, there was already a hierarchy of genres, based on both the subject and the size of the paintings, which was reflected in the price. Still lifes and landscapes were cheaper than allegorical and historical scenes, but there were exceptions, for example, in the works of Jan Brueghel the Elder and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. Art theorists Willem van Hoogstraten and Arnold Houbraken, resting upon academic tastes, downplayed the importance of still-life painting. Meanwhile, the artists themselves, determining the worth of their paintings, sought for maximum naturalism, and such paintings were sold well.In the 20th century, this genre attracted the attention of collectors in Europe and the United States. A revival of interest in Dutch still lifes in general, and in flower ones in particular, began in the 20th century, the paintings rose in price at auctions, and collecting them became almost a fashion. Art societies and art dealers of the Netherlands and Belgium organized several small exhibitions of still lifes. The course for studying symbolic messages in still lifes, presented by Ingvar Bergström, is continued by Eddie de Jong, who emphasizes the diverse nature of symbolism in Dutch painting of the 17th century. Svetlana Alpers, on the contrary, criticizes the iconological method and presents the Dutch painting of that period as an example of visual culture. Norman Bryson’s view of Dutch still lifes is formed against the background of the development of a consumer society, economic prosperity and abundance. Finally, there has been an increasing interest in the natural science aspects of flower still-life painting in the researches of the last twenty years. Curiosity, skill, and admiration for nature are the impulses that can still be felt in the images of bouquets and fruits.

Abstract: The role of good faith and reasonableness in Labour law, more specifically the possibilities they offer in case the employer wishes to adapt Employment contracts to changing circumstances, is a highly debated subject. This is due to the wishes of many to tackle the bonuses which bank managers, stockbrokers and other financial geniuses are entitled to according to their contracts, although the banks they were managing are just an inch from bankruptcy and need state loans in order to forestall a collapse. This article investigates the different possibilities employers have in the French, the Belgian and the Dutch law of obligations to adapt contracts. Special attention is paid to the role of the principles of good faith and reasonableness. The question is whether good faith and/or reasonableness provide a basis for the adaptation of a contract in general, and more specifically, of an employment contract. Résumé: Cette contribution traite du rôle de la bonne foi en droit des obligations et en droit de travail fran¸cais, belge et néerlandais. Premièrement, le développement du principe et ses fonctions en droit des obligations sont brièvement expliqués. Ensuite, on tourne vers le droit de travail oú se trouve le point essentiel de notre contribution, le rôle et la fonction de la bonne foi et son rôle relative à l’adaptation des contrats de travail. On examine les possibilités dont dispose un employeur voulant adapter un élément du contrat de travail aux circonstances changées. Peut un employeur réduire ou retirer une prime ou une gratification á cause des circonstances changées en invoquant la bonne foi? Si une telle possibilité existe, le management d’une banque pourrait être tenté d’en faire usage, considérant l’attention principalement négative que les gratifications ont récemment eu. On peut penser à une adaptation de la durée ou du temps de travail à cause de nécessités du service. On examine alors quelles possibilités les trois systémes de droit offrent à l’employeur si celui-ci souhaite une adaptation d’un élément du contrat. Zusammenfassung: Die Bedeutung von Treu und Glauben bei der Änderung von Verträgen, speziell bei der Änderung von Arbeitsverträgen ist nicht zuletzt seit der Bankenkrise erneut ins Rampenlicht gerückt. Immer wieder kommt es vor, dass Arbeitgeber aufgrund veränderter Umstände den Wunsch haben, Arbeitsverträge diesen Umständen anzupassen. Die Frage ist dann, inwieweit ein Rechtssystem die (einseitige) Vertragsänderung zulässt, unter welchen Voraussetzungen eine Änderung stattfinden kann, und wo die Grenzen dieser Änderungsbefugnis verlaufen. In diesem Beitrag werden die Möglichkeiten untersucht, die Treu und Glauben im französischen, belgischen und niederländischen Recht bei der Änderung von Arbeitsverträgen bieten und welche Konsequenzen sich aus dieser Rolle von Treu und Glauben für die Beständigkeit, bzw. Flexibilität von Arbeitsverträgen im jeweiligen Land ergeben.

Residual stresses are present in many civil structures due to manufacturing actions causing plastic deformations. Nevertheless, these stresses are not often taken into account when considering the design of these structures, especially when assessing fatigue problems. This remains true for orthotropic steel bridge decks. Due to their many complex welding details, these decks are sensitive to fatigue. To increase the understanding of the fatigue behavior of welded details, an improved analyzing tool using linear elastic fracture mechanics is proposed in this paper. Apart from the fatigue life of the weld detail, the crack propagation and crack growth direction are also evaluated with an XFEM model. Application of this method to the case of the orthotropic steel Temse Bridge in Belgium results in crack propagation very similar to reality. It also demonstrates that the fatigue calculations need to include residual stresses to comply with the real behavior of crack propagation.

Abstract Zum Gedenken an den Ersten Weltkrieg wurden in Belgien einzigartige Musikwerke in Auftrag gegeben wie Lament, Ypres oder Shell Shock, a requiem of war, eine Oper über das posttraumatische Syndrom der Frontsoldaten. Für die Gedenkfeiern in Westflandern hat die Berliner Experimental-Band Einstürzende Neubauten um Blixa Bargeld die Performance Lament im Auftrag der Regierung Westflanderns konzipiert. Lament erschien zunächst als Studioalbum, die Weltpremiere fand am 8. November 2014 in Diksmuide statt, es folgte alsbald eine Tournee mit rund 30 Konzerten in Europa und Australien bis 2018. Obwohl die Wahl deutscher Underground-Musiker verwirrend für manchen belgischen Musikkritiker sein mochte, ist das Album durch eine bedeutende Recherchearbeit geprägt: Es verbindet bruitistische Komposition und historisches Material aus Tonarchiven. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es zu untersuchen, welchen Beitrag die Musiker zur Erinnerungsarbeit an den Ersten Weltkrieg leisten, welche Herausforderungen ein Auftragswerk stellt und wie die Erwartungen des Publikums erfüllt werden.

Single-edge notched tension (SE(T) or SENT) specimens have been increasingly proposed as a low-constraint toughness test to measure toughness of line pipe materials, as the crack tip constraint approximates a circumferential surface flaw in a pipe under loading. The clamped SE(T) single-specimen procedures recently developed by Shen and Tyson (2008, “Fracture Toughness Evaluation of High Strength Steel Pipe,” ASME Paper No. PVP2008-61100; 2008, “Development of Procedure for Low-Constraint Toughness Testing Using a Single-Specimen Technique,” CANMET Materials Technology Laboratory, Technical Report No. 2008-18 (TR)) and Tang et al. (2010, “Development of the SENT Test of Strain-Based Design of Welded Pipelines,” 8th International Pipeline Conference, IPC 2010, Calgary, AB, Canada) have both used in common the use of a clamped single-specimen of similar geometry and relied on the unloading compliance technique for crack size estimation. In the former case, a single clip gauge is attached to the integral knife edge and the crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD) is estimated by means of a J-integral-to-CTOD conversion, similar to the procedure of ASTM E1820-11. The latter uses a pair of clip gauges mounted on an attachable raised set of knife edges to estimate CTOD at the original crack tip position by a triangulation rule. Consolidating these two sets of clip gauges in a specimen makes direct comparisons of two SE(T) methods under identical test conditions: material, specimen geometry, equipment, test temperature, and operator (Weeks et al., 2013, “Fracture Toughness Instrumentation Techniques for Single-Specimen Clamped SE(T) Tests on X100 Linepipe Steel: Experimental Setup,” 6th Pipeline Technology Conference, Ostend, Belgium). In this study, SE(T) testing employing these two SE(T) methods on a single specimen was conducted on B × B shallow-cracked (a/W ∼ 0.35) specimens of two X70 pipeline girth welds. This paper discusses details of the two SE(T) methods and techniques on the same specimen.

Photo by Finding Dan | Dan Grinwis on Unsplash We who grew up texting, instant messaging, and emailing are blessed with native fluency in internet slang that varies according to country and language. Growing up in Sub-Saharan Africa, my schoolmates and I particularly loved to say TIA or, “This Is Africa.”[1] Largely popularized through the 2006 film, “Blood Diamond”,[2] TIA was the answer to all of the idiosyncrasies that accompanied living in the middle of the second-largest continent. Pulled over by local traffic police who demand a “cold drink”? TIA. Helped push the school bus out of a massive pothole during monsoon season? TIA. Reached for your Nokia brick only to pull a similarly sized cockroach from your purse? TIA. Largely isolated from the rest of the world, disease hysteria triggered by bird flu, SARS, and MERS passed by Sub-Saharan Africa as a far- off echo – my community was preoccupied with more imminent threats like malaria and cholera. The 2013 Ebola epidemic was the first time I was exposed to the narrow focus and broad indifference with which the wider world regards Africa. Mass hysteria over an “African disease” that threatened US shores exhibited narrow focus[3] while broad indifference manifested as radio silence following the resolution of cases in the US and Europe. The outbreak lasted until 2016 but coverage waned after 2015, when the only Ebola patients outside of Africa were expats shipped home for recovery.[4] As a freshman in college, my new British friends asked whether my family was at risk (they were not) and whether it was safe for me to go home for the holidays (it was). The 2013 outbreak primarily affected West Africa, on the opposite side of the continent. But to my college friends, Africa was a disease-ridden monolith. TIA, that is Africa. To the indifferent journalist, Africa is a convenient narrative device. By refusing to think of parts of Africa as anything other than the whole, we reduce a continent of 54 nations to a single entity – smaller and more manageable. The same occurred at the height of COVID-19 anxieties. As the healthcare systems of “more developed” countries threatened imminent collapse, a cry rattled across the globe: what will the Africans do?[5] Military-enforced lockdowns?[6] Will we have to take care of their citizens again?[7] While catching up with some friends in July 2020, I resisted an eyeroll as an acquaintance, grinning smugly, announced a new Ebola outbreak plaguing Congo.[8] (He probably meant DRC but he did not specify, and I am not sure he knew the difference.) A quick Google search confirmed the news, reported with glee in all major news media.[9] The Zoom call erupted in a flurry of sighs as my friends contemplated the new threat to US soil. Ever the party pooper, I emphasized that the outbreak was nothing new. The Ebola virus takes its name from its eponymous river in the DRC and the Congolese government had only just announced the end to a two-year struggle with Ebola in April.[10] Soon afterwards, the world lost interest; Al-Jazeera posted its last Ebola article on July 25.[11] Concurrently, coverage on ‘Africa’s COVID-19 crisis’ dwindled, eclipsed by worldwide #BLM protests, unrest in Belarus, and the US elections. As the attention on other world events settled, the “developed” world checked in with “poor, underdeveloped” Africa.[12] Despite concerns about cramped South African townships and the veracity of disease reports in Nigeria,[13] the number of COVID-19 cases and death rates in the continent have stayed low.[14] Citing a young population, existing contact-tracing infrastructure, and cross-immunity from other coronaviruses, several published articles analyze Africa’s mortality statistics.[15] Some, as pointed out by Ghanaian journalist, Karen Attiah, strive to paint the successes of African COVID-19 responses with stereotypical images of poverty and instability. After all, TIA. But while the world was not looking, African healthcare systems rallied. Wild poliovirus was completely eradicated from the continent in August.[16] Uganda began developing its own COVID-19 testing kits in May.[17] COVID-19 cases were limited to ten of Africa’s 54 countries while the DRC’s leading Ebola expert[18] reported that the new outbreak was under control.[19]Though there are still economic concerns due to reduced import-export activity between countries, Africa stands strong as second waves in Europe threaten to overrun hospitals.[20] A year from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the WHO shared concerns of a lack of justice and equality in global vaccine distribution.[21] Higher income countries have had enough stock to vaccinate one fourth of their population, on average, while low income countries are limited to around 1 in 500.[22] However, a headline in CBS News implies that the low vaccination rate in South Africa is due to a domestic class struggle between the rich and poor citizens,[23] rather than an issue of vaccine nationalism. There are some reporters in Western news media, like Peter Mwai who reports for the BBC, who portray African healthcare systems in a balanced way. Seeking out unbiased writers’ articles is the best way to ensure exposure to balanced news. However, this is an exercise that many readers overlook because they depend on headlines for information. The bias is systematic, and the reliability of a few reporters is outweighed by countless examples of careless copy editing. As evidenced by the CBS News clip, quick turnaround time for publishing live television broadcast clips online leads to sloppy research, injecting prejudices in news media. Perhaps it is too early to celebrate. But as Western media spotlights claims that Africa was spared due to herd immunity from previous coronaviruses blazing through poverty-stricken neighborhoods, it does not seem so bad to rebuff the stereotype.[24] The US currently leads in total COVID-19 cases, followed by India, Brazil, and France. South Africa does not even break the top ten. Morocco, next in line, resides comfortably at 32.[25] For the moment, we can be proud. Decades of experience building infrastructure around highly contagious diseases paid off. Many public health officials in African governments acknowledged and addressed COVID-19’s potential early. Aggressive lockdowns were effective in reducing community transmission. This is Africa. [1] Abdullah, Kia. “‘This Is Africa’: Useful Mantra or Ugly Prejudice?” Atlas & Boots. Atlas & Boots, December 24, 2019. https://www.atlasandboots.com/tia-this-is-africa/. [2] Blood Diamond. Blood Diamond Archer Meets Maggie (TIA) This Is Africa. United States: Warner Bros., 2006. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3frHm9hw5bI. [3] Lupkin, Sydney. “Ebola in America: Timeline of the Deadly Virus.” ABC News. ABC News Network, November 17, 2014. https://abcnews.go.com/Health/ebola-america-timeline/story?id=26159719. [4] BBC. “Ebola: Seventh British Health Worker Sent Home.” BBC News. BBC, March 16, 2015. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-31908301. [5] Nyenswah, Tolbert. “Africa Has a COVID-19 Time Bomb to Defuse.” World Economic Forum. World Economic Forum, April 6, 2020. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/africa-covid-19-time-bomb-defuse/. [6] Noko, Karsten. “The Problem with Army Enforced Lockdowns in the Time of COVID-19.” Opinions | Al Jazeera. Al Jazeera, April 2, 2020. https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2020/4/2/the-problem-with-army-enforced-lockdowns-in-the-time-of-covid-19/. [7] Picheta, Rob. “Coronavirus Pandemic Will Cause Global Famines of 'Biblical Proportions,' UN Warns.” CNN. Cable News Network, April 22, 2020. https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/22/africa/coronavirus-famine-un-warning-intl/index.html. [8] WHO. “Ebola Virus Disease – Democratic Republic of the Congo.” World Health Organization. World Health Organization, July 9, 2020. https://www.who.int/csr/don/26-June-2020-ebola-drc/en/. [9] Fisher, Nicole. “New Ebola Outbreak In Congo Creates Unparalleled Challenges During A Pandemic.” Forbes. Forbes Magazine, August 10, 2020. https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicolefisher/2020/08/10/new-ebola-outbreak-in-congo-creates-unparalleled-challenges-during-a-pandemic/?sh=4f4a88015877.; BBC World Service. “Ebola Virus.” BBC News. BBC, July 17, 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cjnwl8q4qj1t/ebola-virus.; Al Jazeera. “'Great Concern' as New Ebola Outbreak Grows in Western DR Congo.” Democratic Republic of the Congo | Al Jazeera. Al Jazeera, July 14, 2020. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/7/14/great-concern-as-new-ebola-outbreak-grows-in-western-dr-congo. [10] Yeung, Peter. “'Enormous Relief' as Ebola Outbreak in DRC to Be Declared Over.” Democratic Republic of the Congo | Al Jazeera. Al Jazeera, April 10, 2020. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/4/10/enormous-relief-as-ebola-outbreak-in-drc-to-be-declared-over. [11] Al Jazeera. “Western DRC Ebola Cases up to 60 as WHO Warns of Funeral Risks.” Democratic Republic of the Congo | Al Jazeera. Al Jazeera, July 20, 2020. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/7/20/western-drc-ebola-cases-up-to-60-as-who-warns-of-funeral-risks. [12] Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq, and Rifaiyat Mahbub. “Opinion: What the US Can Learn from How African Countries Handled Covid.” CNN. Cable News Network, November 3, 2020. https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/03/africa/africa-coronavirus-lessons-opinion-intl/index.html.; Makoni, Munyaradzi. “The World Could Learn a Lot from How Africa Is Handling COVID-19.” WIRED UK. WIRED UK, November 2, 2020. https://www.wired.co.uk/article/COVID-19-africa. [13] McKenzie, David. “Africa's Battle against Covid-19 Will Be Won or Lost Here.” CNN. Cable News Network, July 6, 2020. https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/06/africa/western-cape-south-africa-coronavirus-epicenter-intl/index.html.; Peralta, Eyder. “Why Forecasters Can't Make Up Their Mind About Africa And The Coronavirus.” NPR. NPR, June 10, 2020. https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/06/10/872789379/why-forecasters-cant-make-up-their-mind-about-africa-and-the-coronavirus. [14] Mwai, Peter. “Coronavirus: What's Happening to the Numbers in Africa?” BBC News. BBC, November 5, 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53181555. [15] Attiah, Karen. “Opinion | Africa Has Defied the Covid-19 Nightmare Scenarios. We Shouldn't Be Surprised.” The Washington Post. WP Company, September 22, 2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/09/22/africa-has-defied-covid-19-nightmare-scenarios-we-shouldnt-be-surprised/.; Lock, Helen. “The UK Has Seen More Deaths From COVID-19 Than the Whole of Africa. Here Are 6 Reasons Why.” Global Citizen. Global Citizen, November 4, 2020. https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/uk-more-deaths-covid-19-africa-reasons-why/.; Deutsche Welle. “COVID-19 in Africa: Milder-than-Expected Pandemic Has Experts Puzzled: DW: 14.09.2020.” DW.COM. Deutsche Welle, September 14, 2020. https://www.dw.com/en/covid-19-in-africa-milder-than-expected-pandemic-has-experts-puzzled/a-54918467.; Smith, Chris. “Scientists Can't Explain Puzzling Lack of Coronavirus Outbreaks in Africa.” New York Post. New York Post, September 7, 2020. https://nypost.com/2020/09/04/scientists-cant-explain-puzzling-lack-of-coronavirus-outbreaks-in-africa/?link=TD_mansionglobal_new_mansion_global.11147f181987fd93. [16] Scherbel-Ball, Naomi. “Africa Declared Free of Wild Polio in 'Milestone'.” BBC News. BBC, August 25, 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53887947. [17] Achan, Jacky. “Dr. Wayengera: The Man behind Uganda's COVID-19 Testing Kits.” New Vision | Uganda News. New Vision, May 30, 2020. https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1518668/dr-misaki-wayengera-uganda-covid-19-test-kits. [18] Mukwege, Denis. “Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum Is on the 2020 TIME 100 List.” Time. Time, September 23, 2020. https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2020/5888331/jean-jacques-muyembe-tamfum/. [19] Mwai. “Coronavirus: What's Happening to the Numbers in Africa?” (2020); AFP. “DR Congo's Latest Ebola Outbreak 'under Control.” CGTN Africa. CGTN, October 18, 2020. https://africa.cgtn.com/2020/10/18/dr-congos-latest-ebola-outbreak-under-control/. [20] Dillon, Conor, and Gabriel Borrud. “Belgium's COVID-19 Health Care Collapse: 'It Will Happen in 10 Days': DW: 30.10.2020.” DW.COM. Deutsche Welle, October 30, 2020. https://www.dw.com/en/belgiums-covid-19-health-care-collapse-it-will-happen-in-10-days/a-55451750. [21] Mwai, Peter. “Covid-19 Africa: What Is Happening with Vaccines?” BBC News. BBC, April 8, 2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/56100076. 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