Journal articles on the topic 'Welfare, insurance, disability and social security law'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Welfare, insurance, disability and social security law.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Welfare, insurance, disability and social security law.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
RAKHIMOVA, Gakku N., Sergazy KUSSAINOV, Baurzhan O. ZHANGUTTIN, Zhomart K. SIMTIKOV, Yermek A. BURIBAYEV, and Zhanna A. KHAMZINA. "The Welfare State in Kazakhstan: Development Based on International Experience and International Standards." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 9, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v9.6(36).26.
Full textAbstract:
The relevance of the article lies in the need to modernize the social protection system of Kazakhstan to solve the problems of poverty. The study aims to offer opportunities for the transformation and implementation of international experience in the field of social security in the legislation of Kazakhstan. Applying the legal comparative method, the authors identified the main parameters of the social protection systems of the European member states of the International Labor Organization and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Analysis of the development of legislation on social security and social insurance has revealed the possibility of transforming the legislation of Kazakhstan in accordance with foreign standards and suggest steps to be taken to build a welfare state: systematization and codification of legislation on social security and social insurance; the continuation of the formation of the legal framework for compulsory social insurance for temporary disability, for pregnancy and childbirth; updating health insurance legislation; legislative consolidation of specific criteria and standards that will allow more clearly determine the types and volumes of guaranteed social security.
2
Burke, Thomas F., and Jeb Barnes. "Layering, Kludgeocracy and Disability Rights: The Limited Influence of the Social Model in American Disability Policy." Social Policy and Society 17, no. 1 (October 30, 2017): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746417000367.
Full textAbstract:
The United States has been a leader in the creation of disability rights law, providing a policy template for other nations. Yet the social model, the animating philosophy behind the disability rights movement, has had little effect on the wide range of welfare programs that serve people with disabilities. These programs, whose creation preceded the modern disability rights movement, reflect a medical model of disability that is at odds with the social model. Analysing the Americans with Disabilities Act (which embodies the social model) and Social Security Disability Insurance (the largest welfare program for people with disabilities), we explore how and why this layering of contradictory disability rights and welfare programs developed and how it has been maintained. We argue that the tension between these policies engendered a series of patches, or ‘kludges’, that allow the policies to coexist without meaningful synthesis. We contend that the United States is particularly prone to this layering of ‘tense policies’, but that it is likely characteristic of disability policy in many nations. Finally we argue that accurate benchmarking of disability rights regimes across nations requires analysts to dig through all the layers of disability policy.
3
Hammond, Andrew. "Territorial Exceptionalism and the American Welfare State." Michigan Law Review, no. 119.8 (2021): 1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.119.8.territorial.
Full textAbstract:
Federal law excludes millions of American citizens from crucial public benefits simply because they live in the United States territories. If the Social Security Administration determines a low-income individual has a disability, that person can move to another state and continue to receive benefits. But if that person moves to, say, Guam or the U.S. Virgin Islands, that person loses their right to federal aid. Similarly with SNAP (food stamps), federal spending rises with increased demand—whether because of a recession, a pandemic, or a climate disaster. But unlike the rest of the United States, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa receive a limited amount of federal food assistance, regardless of need. That’s why, after Hurricane Maria, despite additional congressional action, over a million Puerto Rican residents lost food assistance. And with Medicaid, federal law caps medical assistance for each of these five territories, a limit that does not exist for the fifty states or the District of Columbia. This Article draws much-needed attention to these discrepancies in legal status and social protection. It surveys the eligibility rules and financing structure of disability benefits, food assistance, and health insurance for low-income Americans in the states and the territories. A comprehensive account of these practices provokes questions about the tiers of citizenship built by a fragmented and devolved American state. Part I invokes the scholarship on social citizenship, the idea that an individual cannot meaningfully participate in society without some modicum of economic security. Part I then explores the tension between that normative commitment and one of the defining features of the American welfare state—federalism. It then elaborates the exceptional legal status of Americans who live in U.S. territories. Part II provides a comprehensive overview of federal food, medical, and disability assistance and, in doing so, demonstrates how the American territories inhabit a different and, in many ways, dilapidated corner of the American welfare state. Part III begins with an analysis of ongoing cases in federal court that challenge this facial discrimination. It then canvasses legislation introduced in Congress that would make significant progress in putting territorial Americans on par with Americans in the fifty states. To conclude, Part IV brings the states back in, using the earlier discussion of territories as an invitation to imagine an American welfare state built on a foundation other than a racial order.
4
Ranavaya, Mohammed I., and James B. Talmage. "Impairment and Disability Compensation Systems in the United States." Guides Newsletter 4, no. 6 (November 1, 1999): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.1999.novdec01.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Although several states use the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) when they evaluate individuals with impairments and disabilities, various disability systems exist in the United States. Disability and compensation systems have arisen to ensure that disadvantaged members of society with a medically determinable impairment, which may lead to a disability, have recourse to compensation from various sources, including state and federal workers’ compensation laws, veterans’ benefits, social welfare programs, and legal avenues. Each of these has differing definitions of disability, entitlement, benefits, procedures of claims application, adjudication, and the roles and relative weights assigned to medical vs administrative deliberations. Workers’ compensation statutes were enacted because of inadequacies of recovery from claims for injured workers under common law. Workers’ compensation is a no-fault system adopted to resolve the dilemmas of tort claims by providing automatic coverage to employees injured during the course of employment; in exchange for coverage, employees forego the right to sue the employer except for wanton neglect. Other workers’ compensation programs in the United States include the Federal Employees Compensation Act; the Federal Employers Liability Act (railroads); the Jones Act (Merchant Marine Act); the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act; the Department of Veterans Affairs; Social Security; and private, long-term disability insurance.
5
Liu, Fang. "Social Security Research under Automation Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.621.
Full textAbstract:
The development of the modern welfare state is not isolated; their welfare policy implementation depends on the advanced economy, extensive coverage, the perfect system, the diversification and welfare system mandatory. Social network analysis is just take this dependence into account, and develop corresponding method to deal with the relationship between variables. This paper, based on the p* model analysis, takes Sweden and Finland, two typical Nordic welfare state, as the examples, and finds the differences in disease disability insurance, unemployment insurance and etc. To understand these differences is of great importance to think about whether to conduct the reform of the welfare state, and how to combine the concrete national conditions with the reform.
6
BERKOWITZ, EDWARD D. "Social Welfare History in the Age of Diversity." Journal of Policy History 33, no. 4 (October 2021): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030621000191.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis policy perspective discusses three important social welfare programs—Social Security Disability Insurance, Medicare, and Temporary Aid to Needy Families—and offers an explanation of how they have expanded over time.
7
Strapazzon, Carlos Luiz, and Robison Tramontina. "Constitutional social rights without a social security philosophy." Revista Brasileira de Direitos Fundamentais & Justiça 10, no. 35 (December 30, 2016): 227–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30899/dfj.v10i35.101.
Full textAbstract:
Brazilian constitutional law has a broad and multidimensional conception of fundamental rights. The so-called Welfare Rights are part of them. They are not only formally grounded on Title II, the Bill of Fundamental Rights, but are also protected by particular Constitutional Actions established as means for judicial implementation thereof. Welfare Rights as healthcare, social insurance and social care services for the most vulnerable, enjoy, therefore, a preferential position within the Brazilian system of constitutional rights. This article maintains that in spite of adopting a strong constitutional framework for healthcare, social insurance and socialcare services, the lack of a consistent and coherent political philosophy for welfare state seriously undermine the progressive implementation of these constitutional rights. In the first part the manuscript seeks to clarify the causes of this circumstance of recognition of health, socialcare and social insurance as fundamental rights without equivalent recognition of social security as a proper human right. Afterwards, the article is particularly concerned with the features of the judicialization of social rights. As a matter of conclusion, the article points out this situationas a paradox by addressing the lack of a proper philosophy of social security in a context of strong constitutional protection for health, social insurance and social care services.
8
Anand, Priyanka, and Yonatan Ben-Shalom. "Pathways Taken by New Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income Awardees." Journal of Disability Policy Studies 29, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044207318779987.
Full textAbstract:
We use administrative data to examine the various milestones achieved and pathways followed by new Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) awardees. Our findings show that 80% of DI-first awardees and 53% of SSI-first awardees either achieved none of the milestones we tracked in the 10 years after their initial award or their only milestone was death or attainment of full retirement age. Furthermore, many DI and SSI awardees who achieved work- or program-related milestones during the analysis period did not make additional progress toward exiting the program. For example, one third of DI-first and one fifth of SSI-first awardees who enrolled in employment services had no other milestones and one quarter of DI-first awardees who completed a trial work period either had no other milestones or their only additional milestone was enrolling in employment services. We also found that approximately one quarter of SSI-beneficiaries who later received DI had their SSI benefits suspended and terminated due to excess income that included DI payments as the only additional milestones. Finally, our analysis reveals great diversity in the paths taken to achieve work- and program-related milestones, which policy makers should consider when designing interventions to help awardees return to work.
9
Wu, April Yanyuan, and Jody Schimmel Hyde. "The Postretirement Well-Being of Workers With Disabilities." Journal of Disability Policy Studies 30, no. 1 (August 15, 2018): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044207318793161.
Full textAbstract:
Older workers who develop significant limitations in health or functioning face declines in income and consumption and an increased likelihood of poverty in the years prior to retirement. We assess the extent to which those differences persist after reaching retirement age. We use the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) linked to Social Security Administration (SSA) records to compare the postretirement financial well-being of workers who experienced disability onset during their working years with those who did not, based on their claiming behavior for Social Security disability and retirement benefits. We find that even after full retirement age, gaps that emerged prior to retirement persist; those who experienced disability prior to retirement had lower incomes, were more likely to be in poverty, and had significantly lower wealth. Workers with disabilities who claimed Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) fared better than those who were rejected for such benefits, yet both groups were worse off than those who delayed claiming benefits until they were eligible for Social Security Old Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) benefits. Our findings indicate that any changes to the Social Security benefit structure must be mindful of the short- and longer term implications for already-vulnerable groups of workers.
10
Kuru, Damla, and Sema Bayraktar. "The effect of cyber-risk insurance to social welfare." Journal of Financial Crime 24, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-05-2016-0035.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Previous studies generally focused on the definition of cybercrime and its effect on the market. Following Kesan’s study, this paper aims to analyse the relationship between cyber insurance and social welfare and compare it among three countries, namely, USA, UK and Turkey. The paper also discusses the main obstacles that the cyber insurer has to deal with and its effect on social welfare. This paper answers two questions related to cyber insurance at an aggregate level. First, “what kind of contribution does cyber insurance make to social welfare?” Second,“What kind of problems do insurers and insured have to face?” Although the findings are similar to Kesan’s study, this study gives an opportunity to make a country-based study and interpret the results with a different perspective. Design/methodology/approach The calculation of utility is also important for interpreting social welfare in the market. Consumer behaviour under uncertainty constructs the background for this paper because the risks of malicious attacks are contingent and independent, which means that consumers have to make their decisions under uncertainty. Von-Neumann-Morgenstern utility function is used for interpreting consumer’s behaviour. Findings Basically, there are two important conclusions that can derive for cyber insurance. First, cyber insurance can be defined as a higher security investment when coupled with increased levels of safety and a robust IT infrastructure. Second, cyber insurance, as a high-security investment, would have a positive impact on social welfare by making the internet safer for all users. The results show that the problems that lead to market failure can be virtually eliminated with an accurate risk assessment that leads to appropriate premium levels for insured. These results are consistent with those of study by Kesan et al. (2006). Research limitations/implications Data availability for different industries have limited the ability to compare the impact of cyber-crime to different sectors. Originality/value Technological devices have become part of our daily life. Although they have brought us increasing access to all types of information, including opportunities for business, they have also increased the risk of malicious attacks and the risk of e-crime. By replicating the economic model used by Kesan et al. (2006), social welfare losses and insurance premiums are calculated for three countries: USA, UK and Turkey. Questions pertaining to contribution of cyber insurance to social welfare and problems faced by insurers and insured are addressed.
11
Gunarto, Gunarto. "RECONSTRUCTION NATIONAL SOCIAL SATISFACTION SYSTEM FOR HEALTH FIELD IN THE AUTONOMY REGION WITH VALUE OF WELFARE." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 1, no. 1 (February 6, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v1i1.1633.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives to be achieved in this research To understand and analyze the National Social Security System Construction of Health Sector in the current positive law, to understand and analyze the weaknesses of the National Social Security System in the Field of Health today and to analyze and reconstruct the National Social Security System for Health Based on the value of welfare Research is expected to have both theoretical and practical uses that researchers use is socio legal research, this research approach is chosen to see how far the effectiveness of law in the prosperity of the community especially in health insurance coverage, here the law is not only seen in terms of its effectiveness but Also related to non-legal factors such as institutions related to the welfare of the community. The Legal System of the Health Insurance Program with the participation of BPJS is still very weak both in terms of the legal substance component, in providing equitable welfare in obtaining health services through the Health Insurance Program with. Strengthening Components of Legal Substances by changing Article 39 Paragraphs (1), (3) and (4) of Presidential Regulation No. 12 of 2013, Strengthening Legal Structure Components by Strengthening FKTP I on the regulation of Government Regulation, Strengthening Legal Culture Component by developing Culture of community law through continuous education to the community so that the community, the Government is not responsible for providing funds for Beneficiaries of Contribution (PBI).
12
Mano, Laureta, and Mirela Selita. "The Albanian Social Security System and the Institutions of Social Protection in Albania." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v3i2.p18-25.
Full textAbstract:
The social security system in Albania consists of social assistance and social services, health services and health care insurance and social insurance schemes. In the social objectives of the constitution are declared that the State within the constitutional competencies and the probable means as well as in the fulfillment of private initiatives and responsibilities, aims to higher possible standards of health, physical and mental; social care and services of elderly, orphan and invalids; medical rehabilitation, special education and integration in the community, of disabled persons. The Constitution foreseen that everyone has the right of social insurance when retired or in case of incapacity of work under a certain system established by a law. Everyone, when is unemployed for any reasons independent on individual will and when there is no living means, has the right of need under the conditions foreseen by law. Social insurance is a scheme protecting by benefits persons in respect of temporary incapacity due to sickness, maternity, old-age, disability and loss of breadwinner, employment accidents/occupational diseases, unemployment. Social Services are benefits in kind for disabled persons or vulnerable persons. Social Assistances are cash benefits given to families in need, that means families with lower incomes comparable with minimum standard of living or families without incomes. Health services consist of public health, primary health care, hospitalization services nurse's service, dental and pharmaceutical net. The Institutions of Social Protection in Albania are Social Insurance Institute, National Social Services and Health Care Insurance Fund.
13
Chirikos, Thomas N. "An Analysis of Compositional Trends in Social Security Disability Insurance Awards, 1960-1991." Journal of Disability Policy Studies 6, no. 1 (April 1995): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104420739500600101.
Full text
14
Mikhailenko, Yulia. "Cash Benefits in Social Welfare: Transformation of Legislation and Scientific Approaches to the Definition of Employed Concepts." Legal Linguistics, no. 22(33) (December 27, 2021): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/leglin(2021)2206.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes the shortcomings of the conceptual apparatus characteristic of the right for social security in designating the types of social security provided in monetary form. In particular, there is a lack of necessary definitions (including key concepts such as "benefits" and "compensation"); lack of uniformity of terms (foregoing, the term "compensation" in some sources is used in the sense of "reimbursement of costs incurred by a person", traditional for the science of labor law, and in others a "civilized" approach to compensation as payments aimed at restoring the property sphere in case of encroachments on intangible goods is applied); "doubling" of concepts (for example, the appearance of "insurance payments" along with insurance "benefits"). Based on the analysis of the current legislation, it is concluded that there is no consistent distinction between the concepts of "benefits", "compensation", and other monetary payments. Nevertheless, a retrospective analysis of the sources of social security law, as well as ideas and approaches formed in science (not without the influence of the science of labor law), allows us to define certain types of social security payments. Unfortunately, they are not always reflected in the legislation on social security, as a result of which the scientific ideas themselves are undergoing changes, in particular, the criteria determining the essence of various social security payments are being enough. It seems that the directions for improving the system of sources of social security law should be the rejection of excessive terminological diversity in determining the types of social security, as well as the orientation to the approaches developed in science to their definition.Thus, it is proposed to use the category of benefits as a universal concept, referring to it social security payments in cash, which do not have specific features of other social security payments.
15
Sajadi, Shahrzad. "The ‘Olympic Hurdles’ of Obtaining Federal Benefits for Inmates with Disabilities: A Study of Two Massachusetts County Jails." Prison Journal 101, no. 5 (November 2021): 609–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00328855211048191.
Full textAbstract:
Sixty-four percent of US jail inmates are reported to suffer from mental health issues, compared to just 18.9% of the general population. This disparity becomes greater when considering a broader definition of disability, and individuals with disabilities are overrepresented in correctional facilities. They are often left without the ability to find employment at reentry, with Supplementary Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) providing pathways to housing and improved living conditions. However, complicated application procedures often result in the formerly jailed returning to prior lifestyles and rearrests. This study explores SSI/SSDI systems at two Massachusetts county jails.
16
Khan, Mashfiqur R. "The Effect of the Disability Insurance Application Decision on the Employment of Denied Applicants." AEA Papers and Proceedings 108 (May 1, 2018): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20181046.
Full textAbstract:
Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) affects the labor supply of applicants through its work discouragement and through human capital deterioration regardless of the ultimate acceptance or denial of the claim. In this paper, I provide an estimate of the causal effect of SSDI application on denied applicants using non-applicants as a comparison group. Exploiting instrumental variable approach, I find that the SSDI causes a 36 percentage point reduction in employment of the denied applicants of ages 50 to 58 in the short run. The loss of potential employment of the denied SSDI applicants is a welfare loss to the society.
17
Rabinovich, Lila. "A Pipeline of Unscrupulous Practices: Qualitative Study of Attitudes Toward the Social Security Disability Program." Journal of Disability Policy Studies 31, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044207320920613.
Full textAbstract:
In the United States more than 8 million adults currently are covered by the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program, with enrollment projected to increase in the coming decades. This qualitative study explores views on work disability in the United States, and specifically on the SSDI program, among the general public. Six focus groups with a convenience sample of nonbeneficiary adults ( N = 41) were conducted in Los Angeles. We found that in spite of low levels of familiarity with the program, suspicion and prejudice against people claiming disability benefits and against the program itself were widespread among our participants. Specifically, participants argued that (a) there is a high prevalence of “scammer” disability applicants, and (b) the program fails to adequately safeguard against nondisabled claimants. Moreover, they viewed disability benefits as a symbolic admission of weakness, contrary to the U.S. ethos of hard work and against “government handouts,” and expressed a preference for claiming disability benefits as a last resort if they were ever to develop a disabling condition. Exploring public perceptions of disability and disability benefit programs helps us shed light on current cultural narratives around these topical issues. Future research could examine the impact of stigma of beneficiary status on beneficiaries’ wellbeing.
18
Frohman, Larry. "The Break-Up of the Poor Laws— German Style: Progressivism and the Origins of the Welfare State, 1900–1918." Comparative Studies in Society and History 50, no. 4 (September 23, 2008): 981–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417508000418.
Full textAbstract:
While the 1834 New Poor Law and the controversies over its reform represent one of the central threads in every narrative of the history of modern Britain, the same can hardly be said of the German poor laws, whose history is far less known. This is due in large part to a historiographical tradition that sees the Bismarckian social insurance programs as the fons et origo of the German welfare state and thus marginalizes all forms of social assistance that can not be neatly fitted into the narrative pre-history or subsequent development of these programs. This contrasts with a British tradition where, as E. P. Hennock has recently argued, national insurance was primarily conceived as a means of poor law reform, and where the poor laws figure prominently in the historiography of the welfare state. On the other hand, this insurance-centered approach to the welfare state is not entirely to blame because, for their part, historians of poor relief have not been able to establish any positive connections between individualized, subsidiary, deterrent relief and social insurance or social security systems based on rights deriving from either contributions or citizenship.
19
Szybkie, Andrzej. "Pension and disability protection for Ukrainian refugees on the basis of the Polish-Ukrainian Agreement on social security in the situation of the armed conflict in Ukraine." Ubezpieczenia Społeczne. Teoria i praktyka 154, no. 3 (January 31, 2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2355.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: In view of the armed conflict in Ukraine after 23 February 2022, the Polish social security system has faced the challenge of providing adequate assistance to all groups of persons in need, while maintaining social justice and taking into account the financial capacity of the Polish state.Objective: The article examines the status of Ukrainian citizens in terms of pension entitlements on the basis of the Polish-Ukrainian Agreement on social security in the context of Russia's armed invasion of Ukraine.Materials and methods: The article has been drawn up based on ZUS data on benefits handling as well as on the review of legal provisions and procedures in the field of social protection, with a particular focus on Ukrainian citizens in Poland.Results: Polish social insurance law offers sufficient guarantees of social insurance protection to persons from Ukraine and other foreigners. The Polish social insurance system is characterised by rights egalitarianism. The Social Security Agreement and the Special Law provide important complementary protection to migrants whose careers are built on insurance periods in Poland and in another state party to the Agreement. Practical cooperation between the pension authorities of Poland and Ukraine is also important. Based on good cooperation between social security institutions, it is possible to establish solutions for customers which would facilitate them to acquire rights or to transfer benefits in a war situation.
20
Yun, Soo Jeong. "A Constitutional Review of Social Insurance and the Social Vulnerable." Korean Constitutional Law Association 28, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 345–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35901/kjcl.2022.28.3.345.
Full textAbstract:
In order for the Constitution to function as a basic law, the political, socioeconomic, and cultural homogeneity of members of the national living community must be premised. In this respect, national homogeneity or the process of forming it is a prerequisite for the constitution to function as a basic law, and on this basis, the constitution has the task of realizing social integration according to various value standards. Social integration refers to the realization of a state in which all citizens can be incorporated into society and function as members of political and socioeconomic communities by protecting and supporting the situation as a necessary condition for realizing freedom, and the risk of life that hinders the realization of freedom. Our Constitution has already included this social integration as a constitutional task, and the Social Security Act regulates it in multiple and multi-layered ways to realize the tasks of this Constitution. In order to realize social integration based on the Social Security Act, primarily, all income-active populations must be protected by social insurance. Our social insurance has been aiming for a low level of equal welfare, and this trend has contributed to the universalization of social insurance. On this basis, various systems should participate to form a complementary and cooperative relationship. Social insurance abstractly protects social risks due to its characteristics. Determining priorities in specific protection for individual situations creates blind spots for protection. And these blind spots should be supplemented through other abstract or specific protection and support. The Social Security Act is a key means of developing one's own abilities to form a life based on self-responsibility and being incorporated into society to realize social integration, but at the same time, it has the task of evolving through continuous innovation by reflecting changes in circumstances.
21
Altman, Barbara M. "Another Perspective." Journal of Disability Policy Studies 25, no. 3 (February 4, 2013): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044207312474309.
Full textAbstract:
A new criticism of the variety in measures serving to identify the disabled population in the American Community Survey (ACS) has been raised by Burkhauser, Houtenville, and Tennant. That criticism identifies the lack of a participation component, specifically a measure of work limitation, as creating bias resulting in an underestimate of the size of the working-age population with disabilities. The purpose of this article is to provide another perspective on the relationship of the current ACS measure and a work limitation measure demonstrating the complications introduced by combining measures that represent two different metrics and introducing an unmeasured environmental element. The relationship of the measures with receipt of Social Security Disability Insurance or Supplemental Security Insurance is also examined and discussed.
22
Ngazis, Muhammad, Junianto Junianto, Ahmad Rofiq, and Amin Purnawan. "Reconstruction of Legal Protection for National Health Insurance Contribution Assistance Recipients Based on Justice Value." Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 5, no. 8 (August 24, 2022): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2022.v05i08.004.
Full textAbstract:
One of the government's efforts to realize the highest health status and goals, especially for people who cannot afford it, is regulated in Law Number 24 of 2011 concerning the Social Security Administering Body. However, in practice, several problems were found, such as a tendency for the public to assume that the Social Security Administering Body for the Health Sector bears all the financing for health services and there is no guarantee of comfort received by the participants of the Social Security Administering Body for Contribution Assistance. This shows that the enforcement of legal protection regarding the rights of the poor as participants in the Health Insurance Contribution Assistance has not been realized from the perspective of human rights. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze legal protection and problems for participants of the National Health Insurance Contribution Assistance Recipients (PBI), to identify and analyze the legal factors that affect the implementation of the National Health Insurance system for Contribution Assistance Recipients and to identify and analyze the reconstruction of Article 11 Law on the Social Security Administering Body for participants in the National Health Insurance for Contribution Assistance Recipients based on the value of justice. This study uses a type of research and a Socio-Legal (socio-legal research). The paradigm used is the Constructivism Paradigm to understand that the existing reality cannot be generalized to a particular context at a specific time. The results of the study show that it can be seen clearly both from theoretical studies and empirical studies, including a review of the products of laws and regulations as well as government policies and institutions in the context of the Welfare States and the government's effort to provide social security and social services to all its people in an integrated manner. fair. Legal protection for patients participating in the National Health Insurance Contribution Assistance Recipients (PBI) is an important thing because this is closely related to the handling and health services that will be received by patients. The implementation of legal protection for people who cannot afford has been implemented but is not optimal. The legal factors that most influence the implementation of protection for poor people in hospitals today are community factors, namely not being aware of the law and or not obeying the law, so there is no effectiveness. In addition, there are still differences in the health services received by patients participating in the Health Social Security Administering Body for Contribution Assistance Recipients with patients from the Social Security Administering Body for Non-Contribution Assistance Recipients. The Ideal Construction of the National Social Security System in the Health Sector Based on Welfare Values can be realized by reconstructing the law against Article 11 of Law Number 24 of 2011 concerning the Social Security Administering Body by reconstructing 3 (three) components, namely strengthening the legal substance component, strengthening the legal structure component and strengthening the legal culture component.
23
Guseva, Tatiana S., and Natalia V. Pugacheva. "The Term of Applying to the Court With a Claim For Recovery of Temporary Disability Benefits: Problems of Legal Regulation." Rossijskoe pravosudie, no. 9 (August 23, 2022): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2022.9.72-78.
Full textAbstract:
Тhe analysis of the current legislation on compulsory social insurance in the event of temporary disability and in connection with maternity leads to the conclusion that there are no special terms established for the insured person to apply to the court for protection of their right in the event that the temporary disability benefit has not been accrued or has been accrued not fully. In the scientific literature and law enforcement practice, there is an idea that an employee’s claim for recovery of temporary disability benefits is an individual labor dispute. This is greatly facilitated by the legislative consolidation of the employer’s obligation to pay such benefits to the employee, as well as the rules for the financial provision of benefits both at the expense of the employer and at the expense of the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation. The authors justify the controversy of such a position as not taking into account the complex nature of relations on compulsory social insurance and their social security nature, which is different from labor relations. The legal nature of these relations does not allow applying to the requirements arising from them the terms of applying to the court for the resolution of an individual labor dispute, established by Article 392 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the limitation periods provided for by civil legislation. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion is formulated about the expediency of fixing in the legislation the terms for applying to the court for the protection of the right to insurance coverage under mandatory social insurance, due to the public-legal nature of social security relations, in order to avoid limiting the right of citizens to appeal to the court for a period that is not intended for claims for recovery of temporary disability benefits.
24
Bar-On, Arnon A. "Social Security Programmes in the West Bank and Gaza Strip: Challenges for the new Palestine." Journal of Social Policy 25, no. 1 (January 1996): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400000064.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTOver the years during which Israel has occupied the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, the Palestinian economy has become heavily dependent on wages earned in Israel. Yet Israel has done relatively little to modernise these territories' social security arrangements, or to enable Palestinian frontier workers to benefit from its own social security system. This article compares the occupational welfare, public assistance and health insurance programmes in the three entities, and suggests how they could be better organised to protect Palestinian workers and their families against daily contingencies which can decimate their economic security.
25
Guseva, T., and Ju Klepalova. "Harnessing the Power of Labour Law and Social Security Law to Achieve the Goal of Formalizing Labour Markets in the BRICS Countries." BRICS Law Journal 9, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 94–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2022-9-2-94-120.
Full textAbstract:
The Declaration by the Labour and Employment Ministers of the BRICS countries, “Quality Jobs and Inclusive Employment Policies,” guarantees that formalization of labor markets is a global priority for the BRICS countries, as informal employment hampers productivity, potential economic growth and efforts to improve the welfare of populations worldwide. Taking into account this strategic goal, the authors analyze the informal employment processes in the BRICS countries and speculate on the transition from informal to formal employment. The article addresses the issues of inhomogeneous notional ranges used to define informal employment and recommends that the possibilities provided by labor legislation and government employment policy (such as increasing the number of formal working places and dynamic development of labor legislation directed at regulation of new employment forms) be used to tackle these issues. The potential of the social security right for achieving the goals of transition to a formal economy and social security coverage is characterized in detail; various legal forms of social security (for example, government social security, social insurance (mandatory as well as voluntary) and social support) are analyzed; and the possibilities of their application to informal workers in the BRICS countries are defined.
26
Yörük, Erdem, İbrahim Öker, and Gabriela Ramalho Tafoya. "The four global worlds of welfare capitalism: Institutional, neoliberal, populist and residual welfare state regimes." Journal of European Social Policy 32, no. 2 (January 8, 2022): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09589287211050520.
Full textAbstract:
What welfare state regimes are observed when the analysis is extended globally, empirically and theoretically? We introduce a novel perspective into the ‘welfare state regimes analyses’ – a perspective that brings developed and developing countries together and, as such, broadens the geographical, empirical and theoretical scope of the ‘welfare modelling business’. The expanding welfare regimes literature has suffered from several drawbacks: (i) it is radically slanted towards organisation for economic co-operation and development (OECD) countries, (ii) the literature on non-OECD countries does not use genuine welfare policy variables and (iii) social assistance and healthcare programmes are not utilized as components of welfare state effort and generosity. To overcome these limitations, we employ advanced data reduction methods, exploit an original dataset ( https://glow.ku.edu.tr/ ) that we assembled from several international and domestic sources covering 52 emerging markets and OECD countries and present a welfare state regime structure as of the mid-2010s. Our analysis is based on genuine welfare policy variables that are theorized to capture welfare generosity and welfare efforts across five major policy domains: old-age pensions, sickness cash benefits, unemployment insurance, social assistance and healthcare. The sample of OECD countries and emerging market economies form four distinct welfare state regime clusters: institutional, neoliberal, populist and residual. We unveil the composition and performance of welfare state components in each welfare state regime family and develop politics-based working hypotheses about the formation of these regimes. Institutional welfare state regimes perform high in social security, healthcare and social assistance, while populist regimes perform moderately in social assistance and healthcare and moderate-to-high in social security. The neoliberal regime performs moderately in social assistance and healthcare, and it performs low in social security, and the residual regime performs low in all components. We then hypothesize that the relative political strengths of formal and informal working classes are key factors that shaped these welfare state regime typologies.
27
Ryś, Krystian. "Social Insurance for Doctoral Students of Doctoral Schools." Białostockie Studia Prawnicze 25, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bsp.2020.25.04.09.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The reform of the doctoral student education system, resulting in a departure from conducting third degree studies in favour of doctoral schools, resulted in changes in the field of social security law. The status of a doctoral student receiving a doctoral scholarship has become independent grounds for compulsory retirement, disability and accident insurance. At the same time, it is the basis for voluntary sickness insurance. The author criticises the granting of doctoral students the right to acquire cover under this type of insurance. Their actual situation when receiving a doctoral scholarship is far different from the situation of other persons (grounds) covered by sickness insurance. The author also discusses the issue of coincidences of grounds for social insurance of doctoral students. The legislator categorised the collection of a doctoral scholarship in the group of absolute grounds for insurance. Unfortunately, it omitted in the regulation of Art. 9 sec. 1a of the Act on Social Insurance System a reference to the basis of the contributions on the received scholarship, which in extreme cases may lead to a significant extension of the doctoral student’s social insurance obligation.
28
Hoynes, Hilary Williamson, and Robert Moffitt. "Tax Rates and Work Incentives in the Social Security Disability Insurance Program: Current Law and Alternative Reforms." National Tax Journal 52, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 623–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ntj41789422.
Full text
29
Mehmedović, Emir, and Mehmed Hadžić. "Izazovi "nepotpunog zakonodavstva" / Challenges of "Incomplete Legislation"." Pregled: časopis za društvena pitanja / Periodical for social issues 62, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.48052/19865244.2021.2.61.
Full textAbstract:
The employment status of police officers in BiH is regulated by the Law on Police Officers of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Labour Law in Institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which the basic texts were adopted in 2004 with a number of amendments that followed in later years. In the context of the relationship between these two laws, the Law on Police Officers is a lex specialis in relation to the Labour Law in Institutions of BiH. Unlike the employment status of police officers of BiH, which is insufficiently but still regulated, the segment of social security of these officers, specifically social insurance, whose basic branches are pension and disability insurance, health insurance and unemployment insurance, is regulated exclusively at the entity level. Which legislation will apply in each case depends solely on the residence of the police officer. In exercising their health insurance rights, specifically the right to a salary, police officers exercise this right to varying degrees, and in certain cases with additional restrictions on exercising their rights depending on their place of residence and consequently the entity legislation applicable to them. Regarding to pension and disability insurance, which is largely harmonized at the entities level, there have been some dilemmas regarding the interpretation of the institute of retirement by some police authorities at the level of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Termination of the employement of police officers is related to the length of pensionable service. Two key questions are related to the institute of special seniority and interpretation of the institute of seniority insurance.
30
Averyanova, Maria Igorevna. "The right to social security of State civil servants from the standpoint of chronodiscret monogeographic comparative jurisprudence (HMP)." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 2 (February 2022): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2022.2.34991.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines the features of the legal regulation of social security of state civil servants from the standpoint of the methodology of chronodiscret monogeographic comparative jurisprudence. Within the framework of this methodology, various aspects of the formation and implementation of the right to social security by state civil servants have been studied since the period of the XVIII century. The object of the study was public relations on pension and medical provision of civil servants and their family members, as well as social services for civil servants. The subject of the study is the legal norms regulating these relations, as well as scientific research conducted in the field of social security of civil servants. The scientific novelty of the study is to identify the features of the current state of legal regulation of social security of civil servants, taking into account the history of its development in the conditions of legislative consolidation of guarantees of social security of civil servants, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation on the further development of social guarantees of civil service. The paradox of the modern stage of social security of civil servants is the fact that most of the provisions of the Law on Civil Servants establishing guarantees of social security of civil servants have not yet been implemented in practice and are essentially declarative. Thus, the norms on state pension provision for family members of civil servants, on mandatory state social insurance in case of illness or disability during the period of civil service, on mandatory state insurance, as well as on special medical insurance for civil servants and their family members have not been implemented.
31
Macková, Zuzana. "Social protections in Slovak Republic in the first decade of the 21st century." Bratislava Law Review 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2017.1.2.83.
Full textAbstract:
The article is a critical analysis of neoliberal approach to system of social protection in Slovakia, especially after the year of 2004, when a major reform of the Social Security Law and social policy took place. The focus is on specific sub-systems of the social protection – i.e. the system of social insurance, the system of state support and the system of social assistance – in the light of the constitutional and fundamental principles of law (liberty, equality, justice and solidarity), the actual content of the abovementioned systems of social protection and values and principles of the European social model of welfare state – and leads to author’s overview of major flaws and spaces for improvement.
32
Gschwind, Lutz. "When free choice turns into a pitfall: conditional social protection for immigrants in voluntary unemployment insurance systems." Journal of European Social Policy 31, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928720973912.
Full textAbstract:
Unemployment insurance systems are designed to provide income security for those who drop out of work temporarily. This form of social protection is particularly relevant for foreign-born workers who are, on average, more likely to become unemployed during layoffs. The article explores how the social protection of immigrants differs in cases where payments are tied to voluntary rather than mandatory contributions. This is done by focusing on a recent welfare reform in Sweden which led to both a sharp increase in costs and a decline in benefit generosity overnight. It is argued that migrants lost their social protection at a disproportionate rate over the course of the reform. Both their status on the labour market and position as newcomers to the norms and rules of society are expected to impede on their decision to obtain or prolong insurance membership, leading to a decline in eligibility to income security. Difference-in-difference estimates with administrative data from all unemployment insurance funds show that the share of benefit recipients with earnings-related payments decreased at a higher rate among the foreign-born as expected, especially if they had arrived in the country only recently.
33
Barry, Norman P. "The State, Pensions and the Philosophy of Welfare." Journal of Social Policy 14, no. 4 (October 1985): 467–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400014987.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThis is a study of the prevailing state pension systems in Britain and the US in the context of a philosophy of welfare that has developed over the last decade. In this philosophy state welfare systems are justified in terms of their maximizing liberty and autonomy rather than merely social justice. It is argued that the state earnings-related pension scheme in Britain and social security in the US, because they are ‘unfunded’ and paid for out of current taxation, are not merely inefficient but also reduce the independence of individuals and impose high burdens on future generations. It is argued that no philosophical justification can be given for this imposition. The major theoretical flaw in state-managed pension arrangements, it is claimed, is the confusion of the welfare principle with the insurance principle.
34
Hunt, Sharon R., and Jim Baumohl. "Drink, Drugs and Disability: An Introduction to the Controversy." Contemporary Drug Problems 30, no. 1-2 (March 2003): 9–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00914509030301-203.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reviews the history of the drug addiction and alcoholism (DA&A) program within Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and the controversies that dogged the years before its termination in 1996. The DA&A program began in 1972, and for reasons understood early on, it was susceptible to rapid growth and discrediting scandal. Through the mid-1980s, the program remained very small, mainly because of a conservative judicial climate that limited the grounds for claiming substance abuse as a disabling impairment. Once the legal barriers were breached, SSI became an attractive welfare alternative for impoverished substance abusers and for local governments seeking to shift welfare and medical assistance costs to the federal government. By the early 1990s, program growth was extraordinary, and oversight bodies deemed the program “out of control.” This was compounded by highly publicized misuse of funds by beneficiaries. Seen as an instance of state-induced harm, the program became an early target of the conservative welfare reformers who took control of Congress after the 1994 elections.
35
Wen, Christine, and Jeremy L. Wallace. "Toward Human-Centered Urbanization? Housing Ownership and Access to Social Insurance Among Migrant Households in China." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (June 28, 2019): 3567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133567.
Full textAbstract:
For the past few years, China’s urbanization policy has focused on expanding welfare and affordable housing for rural migrants so as to encourage them to put down roots in the city. The international literature disagrees on the relationship between homeownership and welfare—whether the former is a substitute for or a consequence of the latter. Using multilevel logistic regression on a 2015 nationally representative survey, this paper explores the determinants of housing ownership among China’s rural migrant households in their city of residence, focusing particularly on access to urban social insurance. The results show that institutional ties to the city such as enrollment in local pensions and health insurance are associated with higher likelihood of homeownership. This paper argues that policy interventions should target the social security system, as rural migrants are likely unwilling or unable to invest in urban housing due to the increased risk and precarity they typically experience. The findings also suggest that to make urbanization more sustainable, the government should aim at making cities more family-friendly, expanding alternatives to employment-based social insurance schemes, and targeting efforts on interior cities in migrant-sourcing provinces that pose fewer barriers to permanent settlement.
36
Hort, Sven Olsson, and Stein Kuhnle. "The coming of East and South-East Asian welfare states." Journal of European Social Policy 10, no. 2 (May 1, 2000): 162–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a012488.
Full textAbstract:
It has long been assumed among Western commentators that rapid economic growth in East and South-east Asia has been achieved without the development of social policies. It has often been inferred that growth without social welfare is not only possible, but beneficial to further strong economic growth. The article questions these perceptions and beliefs. First, to what extent did East and South-east Asian countries delay the introduction of social insurance schemes compared to European pioneering countries, in the sense of introducing them only at a much higher level of 'modernization'? Second, to what extent was the economic miracle achieved by some of these countries based on (or accompanied by) attempts to forestall or retrench welfare state schemes? Third, to what extent has the recent financial crisis led to attempts at lowering or changing standards of social protection? The study shows that the Asian countries generally introduced social security programmes at a lower level of 'modernization' than Western European countries; that rapid and strong economic growth in the decade 1985–95 has in general been accompanied by welfare expansion; and that even after the financial crisis of 1997, expansion of state welfare responsibility is more evident than efforts to reduce or dismantle state welfare responsibility]
37
Tokarskyi, T. "Improving Economic Security through European Integration Reforms in Ukraine’s Social Sector." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 4 (62) (2020): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2020-4(62)-180-189.
Full textAbstract:
According to the Constitution of Ukraine (Article 1), Ukraine is a democratic, social and rule of law state. Developing a highly developed welfare state in Ukraine requires shaping its concept model and mechanisms of its functioning. Active and efficient social policy should become a solid foundation for comprehensive innovative, social development, integration into the European Union, the basis for developing a welfare state with a competitive socially oriented market economy capable of ensuring human development, decent standards and quality of life. This article substantiates the problem of ensuring the economic security of the state and suggests the ways to achieve European standards in the national social sphere. Ukraine has chosen the strategic course of the European integration as a priority of its domestic and foreign policy. This course provides for modernization of all spheres of life at the state and local levels in accordance with the broad context of the development strategy of the EU member states. Modern ideology, which is based on the principles of protection of citizens from major social risks (disability, impoverishment, etc.) and, partially, social paternalism, should be reconsidered in the context of principled of social inclusion. Improvement of existing approaches to social programming should start with a focus on the development and implementation of fundamental for social development state targeted programs on domestic and international social issues. Reorientation of domestic social policy requires correction of the forecast-monitoring system of implementation of multilevel social development programs, in particular state targeted programs in terms of revision of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of social support programs.
38
Pimpare, Stephen. "Toward a New Welfare History." Journal of Policy History 19, no. 2 (April 2007): 234–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2007.0012.
Full textAbstract:
Histories of American welfare have been stories about the state. Like Walter Trattner's widely read From Poor Law to Welfare State, now in its sixth edition, they have offered a narrative about the slow but steady expansion and elaboration of state and federal protections granted to poor and working people, and have usually done so by charting increases in government expenditures, by documenting the institutionalization of welfare bureaucracies, and by tracing rises or declines in poverty, unemployment, and other aggregate measures of well-being. This has been the case even in more critical accounts that emphasize that American social welfare history is not a story just of progress, such as Michael Katz's In the Shadow of the Poorhouse. These narratives have emphasized programs, not people (whether it is the poorhouse, the asylum, and mother's pensions, or the more recent innovations of national unemployment insurance, Social Security, AFDC and TANF, and Medicare and Medicaid). In the investigations of the welfare state that dominate academic research, the content and timing of government policy itself has served as the dependent variable, while the independent variables have been a congeries of interests, institutions, and policy entrepreneurs. Our attention has been focused upon what government has done, why it was done, and what the effects were as measured in official data.
39
Chambless, Catherine E., George Julnes, Sara T. McCormick, and Anne Reither. "Supporting Work Effort of SSDI Beneficiaries." Journal of Disability Policy Studies 22, no. 3 (May 31, 2011): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044207311407770.
Full textAbstract:
Few SSDI (Social Security Disability Insurance) beneficiaries in the United States ever increase earnings to the point of leaving SSDI, a source of growing concern both because of the costs of the program and because some beneficiaries can feel trapped in relative poverty by the need to retain SSDI benefits. One barrier to exit is the “cash cliff,” the abrupt loss of monthly benefits once earnings rise beyond the limits for eligibility. A four-state random assignment policy experiment was funded by the Social Security Administration (SSA) to explore implementation of a gradual reduction of cash benefits as earnings rise (i.e., the “benefit offset”). The project in Utah, one of the four states, found positive impacts of the policy on employment outcomes for certain groups of participants. More important, however, were the lessons learned in Utah for implementing policy initiatives with vulnerable populations such as those with disabilities. These lessons learned are in the areas of partnering among service agencies, enhancing communication, and implementing policy innovations in complex policy environments.
40
Bak, Joanna, and Małgorzata Szałkowska. "The Social Security of Farmers in Poland and in Selected EU Member States." Olsztyn Economic Journal 15, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.6343.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of the present article is the social security of farmers. The main aim of this research paper is characterizing the functioning of the social security system for Polish farmers in comparison to such systems in selected member states of the European Union. The research investigated social security systems in Finland, France, Austria, Germany and Poland.
The research involved a review of the literature on social security systems for farmers, provisions of law regulating the principles of such systems and the information furnished by the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (KRUS), as well as statistical data provided by KRUS and Eurostat.
The following research methods have been applied: descriptive analysis of the documents in order to verify the diversity of agricultural security systems, a critical review of the literature and online data concerning social security, and a comparative analysis.
Each of the investigated countries has its own, distinct social and historical conditions, which has led to the development of independent institutions of social security for farmers. One factor which all these systems have in common is significant support from the national budget. In the future, financial inefficiency may pose the most significant risk to security systems in agriculture. Except for their social role, the social security systems presented below also participate in the management of agricultural policy, the aim of which is the development of rural areas and the welfare of the natural environment.
41
Giesen, J. Martin, and Anne Hierholzer Lang. "Predictors of Earnings Enabling Likely Roll Departure for SSDI Beneficiaries With Visual Impairments in Vocational Rehabilitation." Journal of Disability Policy Studies 29, no. 3 (June 17, 2018): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044207318780363.
Full textAbstract:
We examined individual, socioeconomic, disability, service, and state-level factors predicting vocational rehabilitation (VR) closure earnings exceeding substantial gainful activity for Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) beneficiaries in VR who were blind or visually impaired (BVI). We used 2011 RSA-911 (Rehabilitation Services Administration) data from 3,505 individuals exiting VR. Using multilevel modeling, we found positive relationships for beneficiaries who were male, younger, African American; held higher education levels; were without additional disabilities; had higher earnings and DI benefits at application; received services related to job placement and on-the-job supports; did not receive “work basics” (job-readiness) training; received training/support services in rehabilitation technology and other supports; and resided in states with lower unemployment rates. Interactions with VR agency structure revealed compensatory effects—negative relationships for being female and for being older were overcome by receiving services in a blind (rather than combined) agency. We concluded that prior work experience of a DI-beneficiary consumer contributes substantially to high earnings likely to lead to benefits termination due to work for the BVI consumer exiting VR and may serve to level race/ethnicity differences in outcome. Policy recommendations include retaining separate VR agencies for BVI consumers and strongly encouraging work experiences for consumers in VR.
42
Stapleton, David C., Stephen H. Bell, Denise Hoffman, and Michelle Wood. "Comparison of Population-Representative and Volunteer Experiments: Lessons From the Social Security Administration’s Benefit Offset National Demonstration (BOND)." American Journal of Evaluation 41, no. 4 (October 6, 2020): 547–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098214020944236.
Full textAbstract:
The Benefit Offset National Demonstration (BOND) tested a $1 reduction in benefits per $2 earnings increase above the level at which Social Security Disability Insurance benefits drop from full to zero under current law. BOND included a rare and large “population-representative” experiment: It applied the rule to a nationwide, random sample of beneficiaries. BOND also included a parallel “volunteer” experiment: The same offset rules applied to a nationwide random sample of volunteers. BOND’s dual experiments offer a unique opportunity to consider the merits and limitations of these two types of experiments. The findings provide a way to illustrate the limitations of volunteer experiments relative to population experiments when, as in BOND, the goal is to produce impact estimates that are valid for the entire population, not just would be volunteers. We also highlight and compare ethical issues, outreach challenges, and cost considerations for the two types of designs.
43
Livermore, Gina, Marisa Shenk, and David Stapleton. "Federal and State Expenditures for Working-Age People With Disabilities in Fiscal Year 2014." Journal of Disability Policy Studies 30, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044207319858721.
Full textAbstract:
Working-age people with disabilities are a large and growing segment of the U.S. population. Expenditures for a variety of federal and state safety-net programs to support these individuals—such as Social Security Disability Insurance, Supplemental Security Income, Medicare, Medicaid, and numerous others—are also growing. However, because expenditures are fragmented across so many programs, the full size and the extent of their growth have been obscured. For this study, we estimated how much the federal government spent on programs in 2014 to support working-age people with disabilities, and we assessed how the size and composition of those expenditures changed during the two 6-year periods preceding 2014. We found that in 2014, the federal government spent US$498 billion on programs to support the working-age population with disabilities, which represents 14% of all federal outlays. States contributed another US$94 billion under federal–state programs. From 2008 to 2014, inflation-adjusted federal expenditures for this population grew by 30%, nearly the same as observed from 2002 to 2008. Expenditures for health care accounted for half of all expenditures in 2014, up from 47% in 2008 and 46% in 2002, and replacing income assistance as the largest expenditure category.
44
Nayeem Ahmad Bhat. "Working of Employees State Insurance Scheme in the State of Jammu and Kashmir: An Empirical Study." Legal Research Development: An International Refereed e-Journal 1, no. III (March 30, 2017): 01–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v1n3.02.
Full textAbstract:
The Employees’ State Insurance Act (ESI Act) 1948 is a social welfare legislation which aims at bringing social and economic justice to poor labour class of the land. Its main purpose is labour welfare. But the labour welfare is an elastic term bearing somewhat different interpretation in one country from another according to different social customs, the degree of industrialization and the educational development of the workers. Investigation committee of the Government of India has preferred to include under welfare activities anything done for the intellectual, physical, moral and economic betterment of workers whether by employer’s, by government or by other agencies, over and above what is laid down by law or what is normally expected as a part of contractual benefits for which workers have bargained. Labour welfare is a very comprehensive term and includes everything undertaken by the state, employers and association of workers for the improvement of workers’ standard of living and the promotion of their social and economic well-being. These welfare activities need to be considerably extended so as to cover workers of every factory, industry, mines, plants and communication etc. A definite minimum standard of welfare should be laid down, which has to be observed by all employers. While the insured workmen avail of the pecuniary benefits allowed under the Act in the form of sickness, maternity, disablement and dependents benefit, the extension of medical aid and health insurance is still in a state of infancy. The establishment of well-equipped hospitals for ready medical facilities to workmen is a far off cry. Likewise, maternity and dependent benefits have proved to be ineffective. Similarly, the benefits under the Act have not been extended to seasonal factories which are, by and large scattered in the rural areas. Such an extension is vitally connected with the rural health scheme in the country as a whole. Unless the living in rural areas is not only improved but is made attractive and safer with a better prospect to live and develop their faculties, any health scheme on nationwide basis would be an exercise in futility. It is time to have a rethinking over the economic and development planning in the country. For this purpose, planning has to be in keeping with the flora and fauna of the country and to our cultural inheritance. For proper implementation of social security schemes, including those provided under the Act, a proper education-programme and consciousness in the society as a whole is necessary. Coupled with this is the active cooperation of industrialists, trade unionist and humanitarian based cadre of government employees. In the present empirical study, an attempt has been made by the researcher to analyze the working and implementation of Employees State Insurance Scheme (ESI) in the State of Jammu and Kashmir and to formulate solutions to certain key areas.
45
Becker, Uwe. "Welfare state development and employment in the Netherlands in comparative perspective." Journal of European Social Policy 10, no. 3 (August 1, 2000): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a013493.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years it has been said that the Dutch welfare state has been made fit for employment growth. This development is praised as part of the so-called Dutch 'Delta model' which since the mid-1980s has been very succesful in labour market terms. Some 20 years ago, when unemployment started to soar, the high level of social security was seen, by contrast, as an aspect of the 'Dutch disease'. Employing a typology based on regulative assumptions of dealing with market risks and aberrations, this paper briefly analyses the subsequent stages of Dutch welfare state development: from a predominantly Christian- paternalist system to social-democratization from the mid-1960s and then to a certain degree of liberalization since the mid-1980s. The structural or institutional inertia of the original system should not be overlooked, however. Comparative investigation reveals that the current Dutch welfare state, in spite of retrenchment measures, still belongs to the most generous ones in the western world, which allows only for relatively low, though rising, levels of poverty and inequality. And it is questionable whether and to what extent retrenchment has contributed to the impressive, although largely part-time-based rise in the Dutch employment rate. In any case non-employment, broadly understood as different from registered unemployment, has not declined in the Netherlands. It has been redistributed to other categories, particularly to the disability scheme. Like other continental countries, the Netherlands still seems to face the dilemma of work and welfare.
46
Timilsana, Binod Khanda. "Women with Disabilities in Nepal." Saptagandaki Journal 9 (August 26, 2018): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sj.v9i0.20877.
Full textAbstract:
The women who have one or more impairments and experience barriers in society are the women with disability (WWD). Disabled women of all ages, in rural and urban areas, regardless of the severity of the impairment, sexual preference and cultural background or whether they live in the community or an institution are recognized as the WWD. As the Person with Disabilities are deprived, isolated, marginalized and excluded groups of the society, the women who have disability are one of the components of them. The social status of disabled women varies according to individual circumstances and to the country in which they live. Being a member of United Nations, Nepal recognized the human rights of people with disability in the year 1981. Accordingly, it enacted a special law known as the Disabled Persons Protection and Welfare Act, 1982 but even after 36 years of existence, the people with disabilities are often excluded from the mainstream of society and denied their human rights. Nepal is rich with legislative provisions but there is discrepancy between legislation and practices. Social security system is very poor in Nepal; disabled as well as economically marginalized people have not received any kind of social protection (food, shelter, clothes, health, education, and training). The strongest rights to social security may turn out to be nothing more than unfulfilled promises. Again most of the services are situated in urban areas and disabled people from rural areas at more risk. So it is mandatory to cater necessary services to all women with disabilities living in any part of Nepal for the respect, protect and fulfilling the commitment of government by human rights Instruments. The Sapta Gandaki JournalVol. IX, 2018 Feb. Page: 17-25
47
Thörnqvist, Christer. "Welfare States and the Need for Social Protection of Self-Employed Migrant Workers in the European Union." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 31, Issue 4 (December 1, 2015): 391–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2015022.
Full textAbstract:
So-called bogus – or false – self-employment has been increasingly highlighted as a problem within the European Union (EU), especially since the first eastern expansion in 2004. Although the concept is not fully clear in legal terms, a common denominator of most definitions is that bogus self-employment can be seen as ‘disguised employment’, occurring when someone who has an employee status in practice is not classified as an employee, in order to hide the actual legal status and to avoid costs such as taxes and social security contributions. In the light of different welfare systems, industrial relations and EU legislation, this article discusses this issue, drawing empirically on findings from a project about precarious employment in twelve EU countries. Although there are some fairly strict definitions of the ‘employee concept’ within the EU, the difficulties of identifying the employer leave the bogus self-employed in a legal limbo. No European Social Model has curtailed this problem, despite an expressed desire to address all aspects of precarious work. However, the inclusion of all ‘self-employed’ workers within social insurance systems and workers with an employee status in practice seems possible also under existing EU regulations. It is rather a matter of goodwill and the resources to scrutinize the terms and conditions of employment.
48
Шрам, Валерий, and Valeriy Shram. "PENSION INSURANCE REFORM IN CROATIA AT THE PRESENT STAGE." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, no. 4 (October 29, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14270.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes the pension insurance reform in Croatia, which marked the beginning of a three-level pension system formation. The first level includes old-age pensions, disability pension and survivors pension as part of the compulsory pension insurance system. The second level includes pensions on the basis of the compulsory pension insurance with a saving element. The third level is based on the voluntary pension insurance system. The author reveals the conditions for granting non-contributory pensions, non-contributory pensions with a saving element as well as conditions for granting funded pensions. The article analyses the new formula for calculation of non-contributory (funded) pensions, which was initially introduced as part of the Pension Insurance Law in 1998. The article displays fundamental changes in the pension insurance system, which led to the formation of compulsory pension funds and non-governmental pension funds. Special attention is paid to the formation in compulsory pension funds of capitalized savings of the insured parties as part of the compulsory pension insurance and to the procedures for payment of funded pensions with a saving element. The article reveals the reasons for adopting in 2013 and 2014 of pension laws, the implementation of which will determine the improvement of the pension insurance system in Croatia. The article reviews the conditions for the formation of compulsory and voluntary pension funds. Special attention is paid to the participation of the insured parties aged up to 40 years in compulsory pension funds, which are divided into three categories depending on the extent of risk management during investing of the insured parties’ savings. Besides general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis), the author also applied in the article private law research techniques, in particular, formal logical, theoretical, comprehensive legal, historical and comparative law methods. Scientific novelty of the work is in its integrative and comprehensive approach to the analysis of the Croatian pension system development, which is formed on the basis of a three-level system of pension insurance. The analysis of the pension insurance norms and law enforcement practice in the modern period is of great scientific and practical importance. The research findings should contribute to the development of proposals on the creation in the Russian Federation of a pension system, which is adequate to the country’s modern social-economic development and which complies with the international and legal standards of social security and foreign states’ experience.
49
Rajevska, Feliciana. "THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF FINANCING SOCIAL PROTECTION IN LATVIA." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 1 (April 17, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2019.25.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION
Public social protection spending in Latvia amounted to 15.2% of GDP in 2016. Financing social protection in terms of PPS per inhabitant was only 35% of the average amount in the EU-28 in 2016. The explanation for such a permanently low level of social protection funding is not only a modest level of economic development, but traditionally a low priority of social spending in Latvian politics. The analysis of changes in the financing level of social protection, the changes in the main sources of social protection, the impact of past reforms is in focus. The wide variety in financing structures of social protection systems across Europe and the different levels of financing provides an opportunity to better understand the specifics in Latvia and its mixture of sources of financing social protection system.
METHODS
The author uses data from ESSPROS, the State Social Insurance Agency, the Ministry of Welfare for 2005-2017 for Latvia and the EU28 and is doing analysis of secondary statistical data, public policy documents, analysis of legislative acts and Cabinet Regulations from 2005-2018.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The social insurance schemes are based on the pay-as-you-go principle and the distribution is achieved between the present contributors and the present recipients, at the same time the benefit amount is closely linked to the contributions paid by a certain individual. Such a system creates proper work incentives, albeit requires significant resources for its administration. The State Social Insurance Agency showed an excellent performance in dealing with this task. Latvia’s experience with the micro-enterprise tax regime demonstrated the pitfalls of an over-simplified approach to taxation, when the measure, aimed at combating unemployment, became a tax evasion trick at the cost of the workers’ social security.
The strong side of the existing model of financing social protection is its ability to maintain a positive balance even in the background of a very turbulent environment. The sustainability of the social insurance budget has always been and remains a top priority for policy-makers. Social contributions play the leading role in the existing mix of financing social protection. The share of old-age function benefits is higher than the EU28 average. The expenditures on some functions grew faster: spending on disability benefits increased by 99%, on unemployment by 75%, on old-age and family benefits by 64%. The last decade demonstrated a trend to an increasing role of the general government contributions. The social contribution rates are already quite high (35.09% in 2018) and can hardly be increased, otherwise labour costs might become uncompetitive. Therefore, a further increase of general government contributions seems unavoidable.
CONCLUSIONS
Trends in reforms and policy changes were diverse and even contradictory: cost saving, support of specific target groups, reallocating funds in financial flows, an increase of the pension age. A number of policy adjustments were based on the lessons learned during the crisis. Means-tested benefits are thinly represented in the Latvian social security system, and the thresholds used for their calculation are inadequately low. The Latvian healthcare system is chronically underfinanced. It also has a high ratio of out-of-pocket co-financing by patients. Austerity measures had a strong influence on social protection expenditures from 2009–2014. Among the weaknesses of the social insurance schemes, one should mention the inadequately low minimum levels of benefits, especially as concerns old-age pensions. Low wage earners might have a disincentive to diligently pay the contributions, seeing that even the average old-age pension is lower than the at-risk-of-poverty threshold.
50
GARTHWAITE, KAYLEIGH, CLARE BAMBRA, JONATHAN WARREN, ADETAYO KASIM, and GRAEME GREIG. "Shifting the Goalposts: A Longitudinal Mixed-Methods Study of the Health of Long-Term Incapacity Benefit Recipients during a Period of Substantial Change to the UK Social Security System." Journal of Social Policy 43, no. 2 (February 4, 2014): 311–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279413000974.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe UK social security safety net for those who are out of work due to ill health or disability has experienced significant change, most notably the abolition of Incapacity Benefit (IB) and the introduction of Employment and Support Allowance (ESA). These changes have been underpinned by the assumption that many recipients are not sufficiently sick or disabled to ‘deserve’ welfare benefits – claims that have been made in the absence of empirical data on the health of recipients. Employing a unique longitudinal and mixed-methods approach, this paper explores the health of a cohort of 229 long-term IB recipients in the North East of England over an eighteen-month period, during a time of significant changes to the UK welfare state. In-depth interviews with twenty-five of the survey cohort are also presented to illustrate the lived experiences of recipients. Contributing to debates surrounding the conceptualisation of work-readiness for sick and disabled people, findings indicate IB recipients had significantly worse health than the general population, with little change in their health state over the eighteen-month study period. Qualitative data reinforced the constancy of ill health for IB recipients. Finally, the paper discusses the implications for social policy, noting how the changing nature of administrative definitions and redefinitions of illness and capacity to work can impact upon the lives of sick and disabled people.