Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Welfare institutions'
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Nikoloski, Z. "Institutions, financial crises and welfare." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1322962/.
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The aims of this thesis are threefold: (i) to investigate empirically the political and economic determinants of income inequality, paying particular attention to the role of institutions and institutional development; (ii) to determine the impact of macro-shocks (such as financial crises) on some of the most widely used human well-being indicators, such as poverty and mortality; (iii) to assess the importance of institutions and institutional change, investigating the impact of key aspects of institutional change in former communist countries (rapid privatization programmes) onto human well-being (mortality). Fulfilling these aims is important in its own right, but also from a policy point of view. In terms of income inequality, an enhanced understanding of its determinants, will help facilitate the adoption of policies aimed at reducing it. This is particularly important, since a reduction in income inequality could have positive spill-over effects on other human well-being indicators such as health or education. Finally, a deeper understanding of the impact of financial crises helps to facilitate immediate policy responses that might better shelter those that suffer the most during periods of macroeconomic shocks. The overall findings of the thesis support the notion that financial (and economic) crises carry negative consequences for the most vulnerable parts of society. Vis-à-vis the determinants of inequality, the thesis finds that economic determinants carry more weight than political ones (and some of the determinants, for example, financial sector development, have an inverted U-shaped relationship with inequality). Finally, the thesis finds no evidence in support of the claim that rapid privatization in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former USSR was associated with increases in mortality rates, further shedding light onto the social implications of the transition process.
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Kim, Jin Wook. "Welfare mix in Korea 1987-2002 : dynamics of environments, institutions and welfare politics." Thesis, University of Bath, 2004. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405670.
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Fleckenstein, Timo. "Institutions, ideas and learning in welfare state change." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495701.
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Russo, Alessia <1982>. "An essay on institutions and contracts for social welfare." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4129/.
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Yip, Moon-wing George. "Punishment or welfare a case study of a custodial institution for female young offenders : Tai Tam Gap correctional institution /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B36195042.
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Tepe, Markus [Verfasser]. "Regimes, institutions and temporality in the political economy of welfare reform / Markus Tepe." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1023372886/34.
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Roberts, Reginald Kiewiet D. Roderick. ""Protecting the public welfare and morals" : political institutions, federalism, and prohibition, 1834-1934 /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2001. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-11222005-100511.
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Hajighasemi, Ali Naghi. "The transformation of the Swedish welfare system : fact or fiction? : globalisation, institutions and welfare state change in a social democratic regime." Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1088/.
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Khieu, Samphors. "Essays on the impact of aid and institutions on income inequality and human welfare." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53393.
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Billions of dollars in development aid are sent to developing countries every year. Weak institutions in recipient countries are the main impediments often discussed to prevent aid from reaching the intended targets. At the same time, they also hinder aid effectiveness in improving the lives of the people. This dissertation argues that the impact of aid on income distribution and human welfare in recipient countries differs by their institutional quality. Institutions encompass many different dimensions. This dissertation focuses on: corruption in government, quality of bureaucracy, and the rule of law. This study explores the impact in two essays.
The first essay investigates the role of institutions in aid distribution. In particular, we examine the interplay between aid and institutions on income shares of different population groups (measured by income quintiles), and on the gap between the rich and the poor (measured by the Gini coefficient). The study uses Principal Component Analysis to construct an institutional index from the three components: corruption, bureaucratic quality, and the rule of law. Employing Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) methodology on a panel data of 85 countries from 1960 to 2004, this study finds that an increase in aid as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) decreases the income shares of the poor (quintile 1 and quintile 2), but increases that of the rich (quintile 5), thereby widening the gap between the rich and the poor (Gini coefficient). Contrary to our main hypothesis, though, recipient countries’ institutions do not play any role in aid distribution.
Similarly, the second essay also focuses on the importance of recipient institutions, but it assesses aid effectiveness in improving human welfare. The study considers five human development indicators: the Human Development Index (HDI), the health index, the infant mortality rate, the education index, and the average years of schooling. The study empirically tests the hypothesis by utilizing the same methodology as in the first essay, but on a panel of 80 countries from 1980 to 2004. The findings suggest that human welfare in recipient countries improves as aid increases. The improvement appears to be driven more by the health than the education sector. Furthermore, aid is more effective in countries with poorer institutional quality, which is contrary to the hypothesis. However, the results are not consistent when taking into account government’s pro-poor public expenditure.
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Schreiber, Leon Amos [Verfasser]. "Institutions and Emerging Welfare States : Social Assistance in South Africa and Brazil / Leon Amos Schreiber." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1176635913/34.
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Nur, Izzati Binti Mohamad Norzilan. "The Revitalization of Waqf Institutions as an Islamic Social Welfare System:A Case Study in Malaysia." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242765.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(地域研究)
甲第21902号
地博第248号
新制||地||92(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科グローバル地域研究専攻
(主査)准教授 長岡 慎介, 教授 小杉 泰, 准教授 D'SOUZA Rohan Ignatious
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Formai, Sara. "Heterogeneous firms, international trade and institutions." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institutionen för Nationalekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1593.
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This thesis consists of three independent papers, ordered chronologically with respect to when they were initiated. Empirical research has established that there are large and persistent productivity differences among firms in narrowly defined industries (Bartelsman and Doms, 2000). Other studies, in particular Bernard and Jensen (1999), have shown the existence of a causal link running from ex-ante firm productivity to export decisions. Furthermore, exposure to trade has been found to enhance growth opportunities only for some firms, reallocating market shares and resources toward the more productive ones and contributing thus to aggregate productivity growth (Clerides, Lach and Tybout, 1998; Bernard and Jensen, 2004). These findings have led to the development of new theoretical models emphasizing the interaction between firm heterogeneity and fixed market entry costs in generating international trade and inducing aggregate productivity growth. The first and third chapters of this thesis extend the framework developed by Melitz (2003) to analyze the implications of firm heterogeneity for old and new issues in international trade. The first paper studies the effect of trade liberalization between countries that differ in their relative endowment of skilled workers when growth-promoting R&D activities are skill intensive with respect to goods production. In particular, the analysis focuses on the changes that falling trade costs induce on consumer welfare and on the number of firms active in the different markets. The third paper uses the heterogeneous firm framework to study the interaction between financial constraints and the market entry behavior of firms. It also analyzes whether the impact of trade liberalization on average firm productivity and on individual welfare is affected by the presence of credit frictions. The second chapter presents an empirical work that contributes to the recent but fast growing literature that studies how different institutions and their level of development affect countries comparative advantage. The analysis presented in this paper focuses on the role of legal and financial institution in driving the specialization in contract-intensive goods and on how the degree of institutional development interacts with the propensity of firms to vertical integrate with their suppliers.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, 2011
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洪雪蕙 and Suet-wai Hung. "When East meets West: a collaborative projectbetween Social Welfare Institutions in Mainland China and Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125021X.
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Yip, Moon-wing George. "Punishment or welfare: a case study of a custodial institution for female young offenders : Tai Tam Gapcorrectional institution." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36195042.
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Kulin, Joakim. "Values and welfare state attitudes : The interplay between human values, attitudes and redistributive institutions across national contexts." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-49975.
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While there is much research aiming to assess the determinants of welfare state attitudes, there are not many studies focussing on how human values influence attitude formation. This thesis explores the relationship between values and welfare state attitudes across national contexts. In doing so, it focuses on the moderating influence of contextual factors on the values-attitudes link. In order to measure values properly, and to study their effects on welfare state attitudes, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multi-group structural equation modelling (MGSEM) is used. These methods enable testing for measurement equivalence across groups, a prerequisite for comparing the effects of human values across countries. The individual-level data used in this thesis comes from the European Social Survey (ESS) between 2002-08. The findings show that values can play an important role in welfare state attitude formation, but that the impact of values on attitudes differs considerably across national contexts. Several country-specific contextual factors such as the generosity of redistributive institutions, their framing and their distributive outcomes moderates the values-attitudes link. In more generous welfare states and where redistributive issues are more articulated in the political debate, the impact of, for instance, egalitarian values on redistributive attitudes is comparably strong. Moreover, in countries where lower social classes are more exposed to risks and lack resources to meet these risks, class differences in the values-attitudes link are greater. Finally, the results show that the particular values that underlie welfare state attitudes in Eastern Europe are fundamentally different to those in Western Europe. The results imply that the impact of values on welfare state attitudes mainly depends on (i) whether people perceive welfare state institutions to have important consequences for the extent to which their values are attained, and (ii) the presence of competing motives. Hence, it is not necessarily the case that people who support the welfare state do so, for example, due to holding egalitarian values. In contrast to previous research, which has been quite unsuccessful in confirming direct relationships between institutions and attitudes, the results in this thesis suggest that there are indeed clear and consistent macro-micro relationships, but that these are more complex. Rather, it is in the interplay between values, attitudes and institutions that this relationship can be found.Forskningen kring välfärdsstatsattityder och dess determinanter är omfattande, men väldigt få studier intresserar sig för hur grundläggande mänskliga värderingar påverkar dessa attityder. Den här avhandlingen syftar till att fylla denna lucka genom att fokusera på relationen mellan värderingar och attityder till välfärdsstaten. Särskilt fokus har lagts på att utforska den modererande inverkan som kontextuella faktorer har på länken mellan värderingar och attityder i olika nationella kontexter. I den bemärkelsen syftar avhandlingen även att bidra till forskningen om hur institutioner och andra kontextuella faktorer är kopplade till formeringen av attityder, där man ännu inte lyckats hitta en tydligt framträdande relation mellan den nationella kontexten formeringen av attityder på individnivån. För att kunna mäta värderingar på ett adekvat sätt, och för att kunna estimera och jämföra effekterna av värderingar på välfärdsstatsattityder i olika nationella kontexter, har konfirmatorisk faktoranalys (CFA) och strukturella ekvationsmodeller (MGSEM) använts. Dessa metoder tillåter testandet av ekvivalens med avseende på de mätinstrument som används, dvs. om måtten för värderingar har samma betydelse i olika grupper, vilket är en förutsättning för att kunna jämföra effekterna av värderingar i olika länder. Data på individnivå beträffande värderingar och attityder har hämtats från European Social Survey (ESS) från åren 2002-08. Dessutom har kontextdata hämtats från en rad olika källor. Resultaten visar att värderingar kan spela en betydande roll i att forma attityder till välfärdsstaten, men samtidigt att värderingarnas inverkan varierar kraftigt mellan olika länder. Flera faktorer i den nationella kontexten, såsom graden av generositet i välfärdsstatssystemen, samt de välfärdsstatliga institutionernas diskursiva inramning och deras socioekonomiska utfall, modererar länken mellan värderingar och attityder. Exempelvis, jämlikhetsorienterade värderingar har större betydelse för attityder till välfärdsstaten i mer generösa välfärdsstater och där omfördelningspolitiska frågor i högre grad präglar den politiska debatten. Vidare finns det klasskillnader i kopplingen mellan värderingar och attityder, i bemärkelsen att de med lägre utbildning och mindre intellektuellt krävande arbeten i mindre utsträckning formar sina attityder baserat deras värderingar. Dessa klasskillnader är särskillt stora i länder där de lägre klasserna är särskilt riskutsatta samt i högre grad saknar resurser att möta dessa risker. Medan värderingar har en betydande påverkan på generella attityder till välfärdsstaten i många länder så är länken mellan värderingar och stödet för specifika omfördelningsstategier svag eller icke existerande i de flesta länder som studerats. Slutligen så visar resultaten att de värderingar som ligger till grund för välfärdsstatsattityder i Östeuropeiska länder är fundamentalt annorlunda än de i Västeuropa. Jämlikhetsorienterade värderingar spelar en betydande roll i Västeuropeiska länder medan konservativa värderingar spelar en mer framträdande roll i Östeuropa. Resultaten föreslår att relationen mellan värderingar och attityder till välfärdsstaten beror på (i) om människor upplever att välfärdsstatens institutioner har betydande konsekvenser för deras möjligheter att få sina värderingar realiserade, och (i) frånvaron eller närvaron av konkurrerande motiv. Därmed är det inte nödvändigtvis så att människor som är mer jämliksorienterade i sina värderingar även är mer positivt inställda till välfärdsstaten och omfördelning. Detta beror istället på kontextuella faktorer, såsom institutioner och deras utfall, och deras inverkan på länken mellan värderingar och attityder. I motsats till tidigare forskning, som haft svårt att hitta tydliga kopplingar mellan exempelvis institutioner och attityder, så visar resultaten i denna avhandling att finns tydliga kopplingar mellan makro- och mikronivån men att dessa inte är så okomplicerade och direkta som man tidigare trott. Istället verkar det vara i samspelet mellan värderingar, attityder och institutioner som denna relations kan hittas.
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Hung, Suet-wai. "When East meets West : a collaborative project between Social Welfare Institutions in Mainland China and Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19470113.
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Colechin, jane. "Expansion despite permanent austerity? : innovative aspects of social policy in Liberal welfare regimes." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/944/.
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This thesis seeks to challenge the entrenched academic consensus that there are no opportunities for welfare state expansion in liberal welfare regimes in the face of neo-liberal economic ideology and new public management reforms to decision-making. It does so though an examination of social policy expansion in early years education and care (EYEC) in England and Canada/Ontario; two liberal welfare states. This thesis contends that EYEC policy, often neglected in comparative welfare literature, is an important social dimension of the welfare state which can potentially alter the relationship between the state, parents and children. Utilising a multi-level discursive institutionalist framework the thesis examines the processes underlying EYEC policy innovations in the two cases. Its first major contribution is an innovative framework of six competing and contrasting discursive EYEC frames and the evidence and expertise pivotal to them. Though this lens, the thesis identifies common institutional reforms that have altered practices of policy making; presenting openings in the bureaucratic structure to new forms of expertise and particular EYEC frames. It also extends the analysis above the national context to examine the influence of the OECD as a form of ideational pressure and the extent of ideational circulation between the two cases. In so doing this thesis captures complex rather than linear trajectories of development and moments of convergence and divergence between the two cases. This thesis finds that in both cases a multiplicity of competing frames and ‘evidence-based’ forms of policy innovation have led to strategic incoherence and an unstable basis for the concrete implementation EYEC policy.
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Klos, Joseph. "Children in Father Baker institutions and their reception of selected sacraments." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2002. http://www.tren.com.
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Des, Roches Cheryl Lee. "A place to call home : a comparison of the development of state funded institutional care for the indigent aged in nineteenth century Nova Scotia and Ontario." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1378.
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Hammoud, Ricardo Hussein Nahra. "O welfare state e a integração econômica : trajetórias, mudanças e resiliências." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/79100.
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O presente estudo tenta compreender as causas das trajetórias divergentes de três diferentes modelos de Welfare State: o liberal, o conservador/corporativista e o social-democrata. Para tanto são selecionados três países que representam tipos ideais destes modelos: Reino Unido, França e Suécia, respectivamente. São utilizadas as ferramentas do institucionalismo com o objetivo de estabelecer uma relação entre o enraizamento dos valores em cada sociedade selecionada e suas instituições formais. As trajetórias são analisadas no contexto de uma crescente integração econômica e da pressão da União Europeia para a convergência dos modelos de proteção social. Pode-se perceber a partir da pesquisa que alguns modelos de Welfare State são mais resilientes que outros e que as trajetórias são dependentes das trajetórias passadas (path dependency). Os modelos e suas transformações refletem os valores socio-culturais dos países selecionados, e essa relação não determinística faz a convergência das políticas sociais, obejetivo da União Europeia, difícil e improvável de ser realizada no curto/médio prazo. Para a análise dos valores culturais são usadas as respostas dos questionários da World Values Survey. A partir destes dados, é estabelecida a relação entre a cultura/valores e os indicadores socioeconômicos relacionados com o Welfare State. O trabalho busca demonstrar que o Welfare State é um reflexo de um processo cumulativo e que o objetivo das instituições supranacionais de convergência dos modelos vai enfrentar restrições institucionais.The present study tries to understand the causes of the divergent trajectories of three different models of Welfare State: the liberal, the conservative/corporatist and the social-democratic. To reach this goal it is selected three countries that are ideal types of these models: United Kingdom, France and Sweden respectively. Using the tools of the institutionalism is established a relationship of the embeddedness of the values in each selected society and its formal institutions. The trajectories are analyzed in the context of an increasing economic integration and pressure from the European Union to converge the models of social protection. It can be perceived from the research that some models of Welfare State are more resilient than others and that the trajectories are path dependents. The models and its transformations reflect the cultural embeddedness in the selected countries, and this non deterministic relationship makes the convergence of the social policies aimed by the European Union difficult and improbable in the short/medium term. To analyze the cultural values it is used as proxies the answers from questionnaires in the World Values Survey. From these data is established the relationship between the culture/values and the socioeconomic indicators related to the Welfare State. The work found out that the Welfare State is a reflection of a cumulative process and that the aim of the supranational institutions to converge the models will face institutional constraints.
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Chan, Yuen-ching Grace, and 陳婉貞. "An analysis of the administration of rewards and punishments in correctional institutions of the Department of Social Welfare." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3196574X.
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Cole, LaQuitta D. "California welfare and institutions code § 369.5 authorization of psychotropic medication to California's dependent children A policy analysis." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527687.
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The purpose of this policy analysis is to critically review the Welfare and Institutions Code§ 369.5, which regulates the authorization of psychotropic medication to treat mental disorders among California's dependent children. While these medications have been proven effective forms of treatment, there is a growing concern about their life threatening side effects.
Research has concluded that children exposed to chronic child abuse and neglect often present with behaviors indicative of trauma. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition has included criteria for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (P.T.S.D.) in children. However, the Welfare and Institutions Code§ 369.5 does not mandate psychiatrists and pediatricians to first rule out trauma prior to diagnosing foster children with one or more behavior, mood, or psychotic disorders.
Results support amending child welfare legislation and policies to reflect a shift toward trauma-focused services, thereby reducing the reliance on potentially dangerous pharmaceutical drugs.
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Chan, Yuen-ching Grace. "An analysis of the administration of rewards and punishments in correctional institutions of the Department of Social Welfare." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21037334.
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Azizzadeh, Satkeen. "And who gets the job? : narratives, dialogical perspectives and practices on implementing positive discrimination in financial institutions." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3226/.
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The high unemployment rate amongst nationals in United Arab Emirates (UAE) has generated the development of the 'Emiratisation policy', a drive to nationalise the UAE workforce. This quota-based mandate is considered a ‘positive discrimination' policy since ethnicity markers are applied. The process of 'Emiratization' has generated a heated public debate as organisations attempt to develop best practices across industries. This research explores the process of implementing Emiratization in two financial organizations in the UAE. The extant literature on implementing positive discrimination policies is however very limited, with an individualistic, quantitative and experimental focus. When a more social and organizational approach has been taken, it has been to look into stereotyping and similarity-attraction paradigms to explain work-related outcomes. Such research takes the policy as a given, concerned with its output and rarely considers the process through which the policy is understood, co-constructed and implemented over time and its impact on working practices. A more practice-based perspective is therefore required to explore the working practices and the practical and ‘hidden’ knowledge that supports them to better understand policy implementation processes. This research aims to address this gap by exploring the common practical (mis)understandings on Emiratisation developed over time among different stakeholders -employees of two financial organizations in the UAE as well as public actors- and their impact on the ‘mediated array of human activity centrally organised around [them]’ (Schatzki, 2001:2). The research was designed as a longitudinal qualitative study conducted over a period of three years. The data corpus consists of 54 in-depth interviews, more than 30 hours of observations, 2 Emiratisation conferences, 4 consultancy reports, 6 annual reports and online resources. The thematic, narrative and dialogical analysis of the data corpus illustrates the ongoing interaction between public narratives, intersubjective (mis)understandings between national and non-national employees and organizational working practices when implementing the policy. In public narratives, Emiratisation is portrayed both as an employment opportunity as well as a strategy to replace expatriates. This tension and the (mis) understandings it generates is reproduced at organisational and intersubjective levels and informs the development of distinct working practices in both organizations. The study provides new insights into the process of implementing positive discrimination policies in organizations through the practice lens, highlighting the emergent nature of policy implementation, grounding it in everyday knowledge and action. It also offers a rare opportunity to capture in situ how Emiratisation ‘becomes’ a practice.
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Brown, Erin-Marie Burke. "Collaboration for the common good| Examining AmeriCorps programs sponsored by institutions of higher education." Thesis, Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3666920.
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The report, A Crucible Moment, published in 2012 by the National Task Force on Civic Learning and Democratic Engagement described a crisis in higher education surrounding the lack of civic learning and engagement opportunities for students. This crisis has led to decreased political participation and a general lack of knowledge in civics education (National Task Force on Civic Learning and Democratic Engagement, 2012). Educating students for citizenship in America's colleges and universities will assist with sustaining the country's democracy by engendering a sense of civic responsibility in young adults that will last throughout their lifetime. This qualitative case study examined the relationship between two institutions of higher education (IHEs) and AmeriCorps programs to determine how the partnerships operated and whether they addressed the recommendations for higher education cited in A Crucible Moment.
IHEs are using A Crucible Moment as a guiding document to think about civic learning and democratic engagement. While many are in the process of creating new initiatives and programs to address those issues, this study focuses on two existing programs that may provide a framework for strategically integrating civic engagement into higher education using a readily available government resource—AmeriCorps. With recent budget cuts impacting education, it is difficult for many IHEs to obtain additional funding to support initiatives directly related to student learning. As a result, finding resources to implement civic learning and democratic engagement opportunities that are often perceived as tangential to the education process is nearly impossible. AmeriCorps, now in its 20th year of implementation, has had a steady stream of funding and bipartisan support from the government over the years. IHEs that sponsor an AmeriCorps program have the potential to civically engage students and promote mutually beneficial community partnerships.
Using inteorganizational collaboration theory as a framework, I examined two different models of IHE-AmeriCorps partnerships. Based on the levels of collaboration, I was able to assess the degree to which these types of partnerships could be feasible at distinctly different IHEs given their organizational structure and resources. Although the findings of this research are not generalizable, they provide insights into how IHE-AmeriCorps partnerships operate and demonstrate that, in the cases examined, they do implement the key recommendations of A Crucible Moment. As a result, an IHE-AmeriCorps partnership could be an effective and relatively inexpensive way for an IHE to enhance their civic engagement opportunities.
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Neill, Jon Patraic. "Credit Default Swaps Regulation and the Use of Collateralized Mortgage Obligations in U.S. Financial Institutions." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3622160.
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The fast and easy global movement of capital throughout the financial system, from lenders to borrowers and through intermediaries and financial market participants, has been recognized as a source of instability associated with illiquidity and financial crises. The purpose of this research was to better understand how regulation either enables or constrains capital movement. The theoretical framework comprised 2 contrasting public policymaking models, Arrow's rational-comprehensive model and Kingdon's garbage can model, which were used to derive opposing hypotheses. The research question addressed the nature of the relationship between Credit Default Swaps (CDSs) regulations and the flow of capital into Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs) when lenders share their borrower-related loan risks through intermediaries with other market participants. This quantitative study was a quasiexperimental time series design incorporating an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model using secondary data published by the U.S. government. The 2 independent variables were regulatory periods involving 2 CDSs regulations and the dependent variable was capital in the U.S. financial system that is deployed to CMOs. The Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000's ARIMA model (1,2,1) was significant at p < .05 and was negatively correlated to the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008's ARIMA model (1,1,0), r = -.91, n = 18, p < .001. These results suggest that regulations cannot be relaxed and then reinstated with predictable results. The potential for positive social change is from stable financial institutions that mutually benefit depositors and borrowers.
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Persson, Lovisa. "Essays on Politics, Fiscal Institutions, and Public Finance." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-264462.
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Essay 1 (with Mikael Elinder): We show that house prices in general did not respond to a large cut in the property tax in Sweden. Our estimates are based on rich register data covering more than 100,000 sales over a time period of two and a half years. Because the Swedish property tax is national and thus unrelated to local public goods, our setting is ideal for causal identification of the property tax on house prices. Our result that house prices did not respond to the tax cut at the time of implementation cannot be explained by early capitalization at the time of announcement. Two other stories appear to explain our results. First, it is possible that house buyers expect an offsetting increase in the supply of housing. Second, house buyers might simply not understand how the tax cut affects total future costs of owning a house. Unfortunately, it has proven difficult to disentangle the two mechanisms, and we must therefore conclude that both may be relevant. Essay 2: I investigate government consumption smoothing (sensitivity) under a balanced budget rule in Swedish municipalities. In general, I find Swedish municipalities to be highly consumption sensitive. Municipalities consume 87.6% out of predicted current revenues in the time period leading up to the implementation of the balanced budget rule, and they consume 76.3% out of predicted current revenue in thetime period following the implementation. Fiscally weak municipalities are found to be more consumption sensitive than fiscally strong municipalities. Very weak municipalities have become more consumption sensitive compared with very strong municipalities since the implementation of the balanced budget rule. Thus, I find indicative evidence that both credit market constraints and formal budget rules such as balanced budget rules increase municipal consumption sensitivity Essay 3: Using the Swedish municipal sector as my political laboratory, I study the effect of a coalition partner on policy outcomes. I use a version of Regression-Discontinuity Design (RDD) specifically suited to proportional systems to define close elections, which can be used for identifying the effect of the Left Party as coalition partner to the Social Democrats. The Left Party is found to have a positive and medium sized effect on the municipal income tax rate. The positive effect is in line with what we expect given the policy preferences of Left Party representatives, but also given the predictions from political fragmentation theory. I find no effects on expenditures or debt, and the negative result for investments is not robust. Essay 4 (with Linuz Aggeborn): In a model where voters and politicians have different preferences for how much to spend on basic welfare services contra immigration, we conclude that established politicians that are challenged by right-wing populists will implement a policy with no spending on immigration if the cost of immigration is high enough. Additionally, adjustment to right-wing populist policy is more likely when the economy is in a recession. Voters differ in their level of private consumption in such a way that lower private consumption implies higher demand for basic welfare services at the expense of immigration, and thus stronger disposition to support right-wing populist policies. We propose that this within-budget-distributional conflict can arise as an electorally decisive conflict dimension if parties have converged to the median voter on the size-of-government issue.Felaktigt isbn: 978-91-85519-61-3
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Hammoud, Ricardo Hussein Nahra. "Impactos da União Européia no Welfare State : o caso das instituições suecas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14896.
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A parir da análise de Esping-Andersen dos três tipos de Welfare States presentes na Europa Ocidental: o Social Democrata, o Corporativista e o Liberal, analisa-se a diferença do impacto da União Européia nos diferentes tipos de Welfare States. Compara-se o país escolhido, a Suécia, como modelo de Welfare State Social Democrata, e é escrutinado o resultado da supranacionalidade no escopo do seu Welfare State em comparação com os outros países da Europa Ocidental. É utilizada na pesquisa uma análise histórica institucional. A análise empreendida verificou que as instituições do Welfare State sueco, são menos suscetíveis ao impacto de uma maior supranacionalidade. Contraposta a outros modelos de Welfare State ele é mais resistente. Os modelos de Welfare Liberais e Conservadores estão sobre uma maior pressão causada pelo aumento da supranacionalidade.From the classic Esping-Andersen distinction among the three types of Welfare States that exist in the developed world we try to find the differences in the impact of a stronger supranationality on the Welfare States. For this purpose we select the Swedish case, as the Social Democrat Welfare State per excellence. Analyzing the institutions of the Swedish Welfare State we emphasize the importance of the trajectories of the creation of its welfare state to the weaker vulnerability when faced with the challenges of the European Union. The universality and the strong support of its population makes the Swedish Welfare State vulnerable, but in a lesser degree than other States in Western Europe. The beginning of the 1970´s was a difficult period for the countries of Western Europe. Faced with similar challenges, Sweden chose to follow a path that was directed towards the maintenance of its full employment compromise. This compromise of keeping the unemployment level lower than in other countries in Europe is still valid today.
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Tshitake, Ramokone Sylvia. "Knowledge and experiences of child care workers regarding care and management of children with special needs in four institutions of the department of social development in Tshwane Metro, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo ( Medunsa Campus ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/648.
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Šetele, Adam. "Dynamika švédského sociálního státu ve 20. století." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198254.
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In my thesis I focus on the concept of the Swedish welfare state, which many economists consider as a conclusive evidence that an extensive welfare state is fully compatible with a growing and competitive economy. The main hypothesis is that institutions of the welfare state leads in time to a continual pressure on change of overall condition of all social structures, expansion of the public sector, its overuse and increasing inefficiency. I examine a period from about 1850, when Sweden began to rapidly develop until the turn of the 20th and 21st century, when the Swedish welfare state fell into crisis. The hypothesis is verified by using the methodological approach of induction and with theoretical framework of new institutional economics. Findings of my work shows that the success of Swedish welfare state is rather a result of specific institutional factors that were favorable to business environment for most of the modern Swedish history. On contrary, excessive social spending, high taxes and market regulation from the second half of the 20th century made the system unsustainable and pointed to the need of reformation.
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Lee, Chang-Gon. "Understanding the politics of welfare reform in Korea : a study of the National Health Insurance and National Pension Reforms, 1998-2003." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6294/.
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This is my thesis that I explored the dynamic process and peculiarities of Korean welfare politics during the Kim Dae-Jung government of 1998-2003, which was the first administration to come to power through a peaceful turnover of political power. To this end, the research focused on the policymaking processes of National Health Insurance and National Pension reforms during that period. The thesis analysed these welfare reforms from a more rigorous theoretical framework in order to uncover the key characteristics of welfare politics in Korea. In particular, the key role played by stake challengers including civil organisations in such policymaking process was addressed in detail because these Non-Governmental organisations emerged as an influential player against the established stakeholders representing vested economic and political interests. In contrast to the situation in many western democracies, the influence of political parties in the reform process was minimal and those parties did not play any significant part in the debates and conflicts surrounding the welfare reforms during the Kim Dae-Jung era. It was noteworthy fact that stake-challengers coalition led by civil organisations was able to overcome stakeholder coalition’s interests and objections to win the battle for health insurance integration and public pension reforms.
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Owinga, Bonfas. "The principal constraints confronting advocacy groups in the process of democratic consolidation in post-transitional Africa : a comparative study of Kenya and Zambia." Thesis, City, University of London, 2018. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/21815/.
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The primary purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative investigation and systematic examination of the constraints confronting advocacy groups in the post-transitional states of Kenya and Zambia. The researcher also examined the effects of such constraints on the ability of advocacy groups to effectively contribute to the process of democratic consolidation. The constrained advocacy sub-sector of civil society in a supposedly democratic political setting is an intriguing paradox that is less studied and understood despite advocacy groups' critical role in the process of democratic consolidation. The study employed a domestic politico-institutional approach with a comparative and case-oriented, qualitative research design, primarily based on in-depth semi-structured interviews method of data collection. The study demonstrated that advocacy groups in the post-transitional states of Kenya and Zambia are finding it extremely difficult to adapt to the new political environment. The groups are confronting constraints from the uncertainty of the new political environment defined by advocacy groups' internal contradictions and weaknesses, the legacy of authoritarianism, the influence of politics, primordialism, and international donor control; all have combined in varying degrees to undermine the role of advocacy groups in the process of democratic consolidation. Deliberate state strategies have also led to the 'closing civic space' for advocacy groups coupled with popular disengagement due to the disillusionment of citizens with advocacy groups' performance in the process of democratic consolidation. Advocacy groups are therefore a microcosm of society rigid and not as adaptable as previously portrayed in the literature of civil society studies. The contribution of advocacy groups to the process of democratic consolidation is, therefore, ambiguous. The study also concludes that domestic actors and institutions are the primary determinants of the pace and direction of democratic consolidation, while the state remains the most significant actor in the process.
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Rolandsdotter, Julia. "En framtida investering : Motiven bakom grundandet och utvecklingen av barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin under 1940- och 1950-talet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-294514.
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This master’s thesis examines the motives behind the establishment of the child and adolescent psychiatry in Sweden as a public health institution during the 1940’s and 1950’s. Children’s welfare was an ongoing question during this period of time and a political matter often discussed. The political perspective used in the thesis has managed to illuminate results of a more political nature in relation to previous research which has been focusing more on the medical reasons behind the institution’s development. The results from my analysis show that the development of the child and adolescent psychiatry can be explained through Kathleen Thelen’s models of explanations including an utilitarian-funcionalistic explanation and a cultural-sociological one, explaining that an institution develops both due to more specific problems with the goal to benefit as many as possible. An institution also develops due to a cultural surrounding where it exists commonly known believes about which solutions are the most moral, legitimate or even the only ways to act. My results show that the establishment was founded on a basis of the Swedish welfare society where certain political goals demanded certain political solutions, the establishment of the Swedish child and adolescent psychiatry being one of the solutions. A range ofmotivesthathasbeenuncovered inthestudycanallberelatedtofeaturesoftheSwedish welfare state, such as universalism, social order, centralisation, state control and state tending. In this political landscape the institution child and adolescent psychiatry became a tool for investing in the future, aiming at sustaining certain achievements and to reach certain goals.
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Meng, Ke. "Political institutions, skill formation, and pension policy : the political-economic logic of China's pension system." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4fd792f6-3b4a-46e0-9566-582de50e7106.
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A central theme in the comparative political economy of the welfare state is the complementaries between political institutions, social policy, and labour markets. Yet little has been written to uncover this political-economic nexus in China, the world’s second largest economy. This thesis partly addresses this gap by studying the country’s public pension arrangement, the most expensive component of the Chinese welfare state. It reveals the working of the political-economic nexus in contemporary China by showing how it leads to two puzzling characteristics of the Chinese pension system, namely the rapid expansion in the absence of electoral pressures and the persistent regional fragmentation despite an authoritarian central government. It argues that the decentralised authoritarianism, in which China’s authoritarian central state delegates to regional governments and motivates them to achieve its developmental goals, drives municipal authorities to compete with each other in generating economic growth. In the inter-municipal economic competition, local leaders adopt an expansionary yet localising pension policy. This facilitates the formation of specific industrial skills, which are productive for particular local industries, and the retention of skilled industrial workers. All of this is important to local economic development in a context of industrial upgrading and labour market tightening. It is argued this is the political-economic logic of China’s pension system.
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Han, Jin-Fu, and 韓敬富. "The Study Of Volunteer Welfare Institutions Of R.O.C." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33704954844659889273.
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博士國立中正大學
社會福利系
92
The incomes of military servicemen are both wages and welfares. On the different orientations of the military servicemen’s incomes, the rate of wages is different. Which are depending on the solider who were recruited from the labor market or civil society. But,the functions of the military welfares are so similar between the different fixed positions of the military servicemen of the States. No matter the resources were provided from the States, markets, or civil society, the policies are focus on the honor of the soldiers or veterans, to maintain the livelihood of the soldiers' family, health cares, and the hazard management policies. The military welfares were provided for the soldiers to inspire the moral, duty, honor, and to improve the national security. This paper discusses the reform of the volunteer welfare institutions of R.O.C.. In 1949, after the civil war of China , the sovereign and military of R.O.C. withdrew from mainland China and stayed with Taiwan area. The old veterans were recruited from the community of mainland China, away from the original community and family. They had sacrificed their life for the national defense's security of ROC with low wage and encompassment welfares. When they retired, the VA of R.O.C. offer the honor and welfares institutions for their income maintenance and life care. The new generations of the military camp and the new veterans, got higher wages and facing the reform of the military welfares. On the first , the military servicemen's pensions, related to the wages system , had burden the public financing, and finally had reform the financing system to the partial funding system. On the hazards management of warfare, set the life insurance for 3.5 million to provide the external benefits on national defenses. On the soldier's family , the higher wage rate had substitute the functions of the subsidies ,and the new family care system are not constructed yet. On the veteran welfare, the new generations of veterans had limited on the ten years constraints, and be exploited the honor and the rights of VA welfare. Nowadays, the VA institutions are not fit for new veterans' needs and national defenses' manpower policy. This Paper suggests the policies must be reformed and take care about the new veterans' ture needs , but keep the quality of life care and income maintenance about the old veterans.
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Jian, Yi-Hui, and 簡怡惠. "A Study of Organization of Child Welfare Institutions." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07322212876909499786.
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碩士世新大學
企業管理研究所(含碩專班)
103
Child welfare issues have been growing continuously in the modern age. Child welfare institutions provide children and teenagers a platform to learn interactively for development and research, which creates the thinking ability to achieve the characteristic of self-respect, self-possessed, sentiment, friendship value, and the cultivation of social skills. The child welfare system and function development are emphasized in order to improve the development of children and teenagers, hoping to train them fit in and survive in the society in the future. Policies related to protection of children and youths are intent to prevent them from being abused or led astray for the premature mind and ability to judgment. While the establishment of protection of children and youths, the temporary alternative measures that provide proper shelter to them are necessary. Child and youths placement institutions are intent to provide places have stable growth, support, sage and reliable healing system for traumatized children and youths to heal and recover from past wound. The study adapted phone interviews as data collection method. Three child and youth placement institutions are phone-interviewed to realize the method of management of each child welfare institutions to interpret comprehension, interpretation, and knowledge of expansion to provide a reference for child welfare institutions in the future. The researcher suggested that prevention tasks are important because it helps reduce the numbers of children and teenagers being placed in service institutions. Also, the relevant laws and regulations ought to re-examined and re-evaluated for further consideration. Lastly, placement organizations should also equip with the ability to self-inquiry, self-awareness, and self-reflection so they are able to support the children and youths progress to the potential.
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Julia, Liang-Hua Wang, and 王良華. "Investigation on Inducting Intelligent Facilitiesto Elderly Welfare Institutions." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63746565337122307149.
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碩士中國文化大學
建築及都市設計學系碩士在職專班
103
With an elderly society, low birth rate and low marriage rate, traditional family caring functions have been compromised. Partial disabilities due to post-acute attacks from chronic disease patients incur into even more needs for long-term caring. Institutional caring mechanisms have been normalized and legalized in recent years as a result of high concerns expressed by the authorities. With the regulations only demanding minimum levels of security standards and manpower, there are inevitably some circumstances less than ideal, even some practices that skirt around the law. With funding by the Ministry of the Interior for the induction of intelligent facilities in public buildings, a few institutes have applied for funding and have been renovated with improved caring facilities. This investigation is first based on the conditions of elderly welfare institutions and their use of intelligent facilities, acquired through relevant regulations and documents. The second part of the investigation includes actual cases of renovations, with on site observations and questionnaire summarization. The third part of the investigation incorporates common elderly welfare problems and proposes possible solutions for elderly welfare institutions. In the light of this might serve as a reference for post- inductions of intelligent facilities for elderly welfare institutions. The investigation is relayed in the following five chapters: Chapter One: constitute investigation motives, aims, scopes, contents, proposed research procedure, methods, process. Chapter Two: establish research theoretical framework. Summarize and analyze the cases, regulations and documents concerning induction of intelligent facilities in elderly welfare institutions. Chapter Three: the investigation is based on observations of elderly welfare institutions facilitated with intelligent facilities, questionnaires on the effects, obstacles, before vs. after comparison and recommendations. Chapter Four: verify the common problems concerning the induction of intelligent facilities, and propose the relevant solutions. Chapter Five: conclusion and proposal serve as a reference for post-inductions of intelligent facilities to elderly welfare institutions.
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wang, ching-yu, and 王瀞玉. "Reuse of the public deserted spaces for the welfare institutions." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33539221429471565915.
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碩士國立中山大學
公共事務管理研究所
92
From the standpoint of basic human rights, government and society should share the responsibility of providing various welfare services to the disabled and ensure their opportunities for education, jobs and even basic survival. However, in the time of financial hardship for the government, to rebuild or purchase new buildings to facilitate the welfare institutions for the disabled will surely have impacts on other existing welfare spending. On the other hand, there are many public properties and buildings not utilized, wasting the government resources. How the government agencies can effectively push the reuse of the public deserted spaces for the welfare institutions, the current issues and the strategies for the future are the topics which are worth exploring and may well be the references for the government agencies. This study is based on the research methods such as data collection, case study and in-depth interviews and finds that the welfare institutions to be housed in the public deserted spaces should be community-based. To sustain itself financially and to avoid the management liability and pressure, the scale should not be too small. The role of the welfare institutions for the disabled is to assist the government, support the families, subside, create, profit and provide social education. The government should be responsible for the policies or the affairs beneficial to the people with much less resources, and create incentives for the private sectors to participate in the welfare business. Reuse the public deserted spaces can efficiently utilize and manage the public properties. However, the issues encountered during the remodeling process such as the structures of the site, wheelchair accessibility, building permits for the building expansion and permits for changes of building purposes are beyond these welfare institutions. To resolve these issues requires the coordination of the involving government agencies and the welfare institutions to be housed at the public deserted spaces. If the institutions to be housed at the public deserted spaces are service-oriented, they should be able to use the spaces without paying rents. If the institutions are for profits, the government agency managing the properties should collect rents to enforce a fair, efficient utilization and long-termed planning. Also, the institutions should think about the sufficiency of their staff trainings and marketing strategies for the whole year to maintain smooth and stable business running. This study proposed the following four proposals: 1.Establish a complete and open information network and set up a reasonable rental procedure so that the private sectors can locate the deserted spaces and reuse the spaces for the welfare of the disabled by renting. 2.Help the private sectors to push for the social services for the disabled. 3.While not compromising the public welfare and safety, modify the codes and laws involved to streamline the space reuse process. 4.Regarding the business model of the welfare institutions to be housed at the public deserted spaces, assess and evaluate not only the rental periods and the sizes but also the budget expenses and business strategies, hoping the institutions can be run stably and smoothly and maximize the benefits of space reuse.
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Huang, Yun-Chieh, and 黃韻潔. "Flood Risk and Emergency Response for Senior Citizens’ Welfare Institutions." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bfk64m.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
土木與防災研究所
100
In Taiwan, the structure of population gradually moves toward aging society. The health status and ability of elderly are different from normal people. Therefore, the problems of elderly care and living space are important regarding to security valued in the community. Taiwan is located on the hub of the typhoon in the Western Pacific. The summer and fall season each year often suffers by typhoons and tropical depressions. Due to climate change, extreme rainfall happened in recent years. Furthermore, flood areas increases and threaten to many senior citizens’ welfare institutions. However, most of the senior citizens’ welfare institutions cannot refuge by themselves. Furthermore, the elderly requires human assistance and sufficient time to get away although evacuation messages have received. Therefore, this research aims to analyze potential flood levels, make flooding potential investigation, and analyze the 50-year return period flood potential map regarding to the location of the senior citizens’ welfare institutions. Furthermore, case studies and site investigations are applied to understand the present serious problems of most welfare institutions in Taiwan, and propose classification method for risk analysis in flood of the senior citizens’ welfare institutions. Finally, the research proposes method and indexes to establish the emergency mechanisms and the countermeasures using the flooded water depth and the past flooded water records of the 50-year return period flood potential map. These proposed indexes include judged the index of hazard, the index of vulnerability by the building special, the building equipment and the evacuation of human.
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Chen, Tsung-Yi, and 陳宗億. "A Study of Implementing Green Care in Taiwan Welfare Institutions." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58569487765410953496.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
園藝暨景觀學系
104
The number of the disadvantaged prople in Taiwan is rising by year. They all have the demand of the resettlement of asylum, and the demand of care for both physical and mental problem. European countries and America usually provide “Green Care” to these vulnerable groups, which utilize horticultural plant and animal elements etc. combine with health care concepts, to increase their daily activities, social contct opportunities and keep them healthy. It is very suitable for social welfare organization in Taiwan. There has been little research about Green Care concerned social welfare organizations as their research objects, to understand how social welfare organizations implement Green Care and what achievement they obtain and what difficulties they encounter in Green Care process. Most researches are about the benefits brought from green care in different individual cases. Besides, farms are often used to provide green care by Care facilities in foreign countries. There are more and more applications in Taiwan as well. However, there are only little research about the mode of care farm operation. Therefore, the purposes of this research are as follow. First, to find out the green care situation of social welfare organization in Taiwan. Second, to understand the benefits and the potential difficulties comparing the organization with farm to organization without farm. Third, to go into the green care management strategy and the means to plight of social welfare organization. Fourth, to know the difference of green care operation management comparing different mode of Green Care farm. This research include two studies. Study one is collecting the news of green care social welfare organization and use content analysis on different social welfare organization、beneficial result and potential problem to build up different category. Study two is according to the result of study one and related references. It turns out that disabled persons’ organization has more opportunities using farm activities to give health care and develop farm work in order to protect them the right to participate in society and economic fairly. Therefore, I choose disabled persons’ organization with farm as my study object to interview deeply and compare different cases from the background of setting up farm, the operation of green care farm, the outcome of the farm. The result shows that the most mentioned effects are improvement of mental stress, physical function and more social contact chance. Furthermore, Green Care with farm has personal effect on returning to society, improvement of work ability, access to jobs opportunities more. Above individual benefits could respond to the outcome of second study that the motivation of disabled persons’ organization setting up farm is to increase activities space and provide job opportunities. In addition, most interviewed organizations attribute stable emotion, better physical function, improvement of intellecture and working ability and participation in society are to Green Care farm.On the other hand, Green Care has two effects for organization itself, operation benefit and finance benefit, usually mentioned by those news of social welfare organizations with farm. The self-sufficient operation and revenue feedback are the main benefit results. Furthermore, providing leisure and recreation activities and maintain environment ecology are common social and environment benefits from care farm. When it comes to the plights of social welfare organization implementing green care, lots of news are relate to Green Care with farm, referring to cases dealing with insufficient funds and ability constrains. Organizations in study two point out that constrains on legislation farmland policy. First, private social welfare organization can’t have the property of farmland. Second, organizations are very hard to build suitable farm environment to service objects because the policy of farmland only for agriculture use. Third, when disaster happens, social welfare organization can’t get financial subsidy due to the beneficiary is for normal farmer not for social welfare organizations. To deal with the financial plight the organization can cooperate with others, which will decrease the operation cost, or focusing on project having economic scale to make market segmentation and make the products price stable, these manner may help organization increase their revenue. As for the human resource plight, the organization will train staffs how to gardening and encourage them to improve care knowledge and skill of Green Care so that they can make up the lack of green care profession. Last but not least, the key manners for excuating Green Care are devided service objects several groups according to their physicial and mental condition、dividing workflow、design assisted tool、achievement feedback. The solutions to solve the plight that people participating in green care, are dispatching work which can solve the problem of mental and behavior, however, sometimes the suitable punishment also solutions as well. In addition, the organization will give rules to emergency for the purpose of precaution. According to the result, researcher suggests that the government shold conditionally lift the restriction of agricultural regulations. Organizations could diversify Green Care activities but still need at least one item as major production. Besides organization should encourage staff to participate training course or certification by various Taiwan Green Care associations, and design individual goal of Green Care. Finally, social welfare organizations should investigate what resource and capability they have. Organizations can consider managing a farm by themselves. Undertake the responsibility to raise the benefits for service objects or their own. However, there still are other choices that organizations can also consider to cooperate with leisure farm or private farm so that they don’t need to worry about the lack of resource.
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Su, Sue-hai, and 蘇淑慧. "The Study of Social Welfare Institutions Privalization in Taiwan Area." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14932434178666543475.
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CHEN, HSIANG-LAN, and 陳湘嵐. "Perceptions on Safety Medication of Caregivers Working in Disability Welfare Institutions." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29206028111580494404.
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碩士國防醫學院
公共衛生學研究所
104
Background: With the average life expectancy increased, health-related issues were attention by the people. For special groups, the physical and mental health problems would be increasingly serious, health care and medication safety became more important. People with disabilities which relied on caregivers for seeing doctor were restricted by poor mobility, cognitive dysfunction and so on and so forth. For this reason, perception on drug safety which caregivers were correct or not was more important. Objectives: The purposes of this study were to investigate caregiver’s basic characteristics and health status, medical habits and experience, as well as perception on safety medication. Furthermore, there were using to analyze the correlation among elements regarding above of all. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. The population is the caregivers working in disability welfare institutions, 9,263 in all in Taiwan. Using structured questionnaire to caregivers and subjects via method of purposive sampling from seven welfare institutions were selected. A total of 515 questionnaires were sent. In fact, recovered 454 efficacious questionnaires, the response rate is 89.7%. The data collected was analyzed by SPSS 20.0 for the inference statistical analysis. Result: The institutions of caregivers were female, whose age between 31-60 years. Level of education is university or above is 59.9%. Most of caregivers would see the doctor in the event of a sudden attack of sickness. Close to 60% of caregivers had low medication adherence. The average score of the five core competencies of the correct medication was 79.7. Analyzed by logistic regression, this study pointed out that when age is growing up and the groups haven’t disease, medication adherence is better. And using multiple linear regression, the higher level of education, using drugs or health food, chosen a doctor, fixed medical institutions for medical treatment and medical treatment is not repeated, who have good perceptions on safety medication. Conclusion: Through the study, perceptions on safety medication of the caregiver working in institutions are fair. Suggest institutions can hold drug safety seminar, provide health education leaflets or build e-learning, to increase caregiver’s medication adherence and raise perceptions on safety medication.
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Yeo, Ching-Shyh, and 游青士. "Operation Regulation Impact on Scale Economies of Taiwanese Elderly Welfare Institutions." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65155245009562031970.
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博士國立雲林科技大學
管理研究所博士班
101
The research is based on economic theory to discuss governments’ operation regulation impact on scale economies of Taiwanese elderly welfare institutions. In aging era, deviate from the optimal size under limited scale, the institutions cannot provide appropriate services, and ultimately affect the going concern. Government and the industry effort to set the optimal scale of operation to meet both nursing care quality and financial balance, is the main social welfare issue this research intended to explore. This research analyzes total 95 observations from the 2004 and 2007 government’s evaluation, and the accountants’ financial statement audited on that two year. With one output two inputs Cobb-Douglas cost function model to estimate the economies of scale of the industry. The result reveals the industry’s labor cost has a semi-fixed nature. Its cost structure is similar to that of capital intensive industry; yet their operating scale is limited which the majority of the institutions operate at an inappropriately low scale. The larger institutions are more capable of increasing their return on bed, and thus to reduce their costs. The empirical results of this study may provide the competent authorities and institutions the following recommendations: policy formulation by the government agency may loosen the scale control of the beds. With the market mechanism, rational institutions will choose the most efficient scale of operation.
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Li, Dian-Ru, and 李典儒. "A Study on Service Indices and Design for Senior Citizens Welfare Institutions." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06118343317141900216.
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碩士國立勤益科技大學
企業管理系
103
Taiwan has become an aging society in recent decades. The issues accompanied with an aging society are diverse and tremendous, which include problems of medication, caring, economy, leisure, and psychology, etc. The problems have gradually been concerned nowadays. The Senior Citizens Welfare Act was amended and released in 2012, in which the establishment standard for a senior citizens welfare institution (SCWI) tends to be stricter. Providing appropriate domiciliary care and services from a senior citizens welfare institution is of importance. It became one of the most critical issues for sustainability and management of a SCWI. This research project is mainly to investigate the service design and service quality of SCWIs. The research objective is threefold： (1) Generalize functional indices of SCWIs to locate indices for enhancement. (2) Employ VAHP to calculate the sequence of the service quality improvement indices. (3) Investigate the contradiction issues of service design of a SCWI by utilizing TRIZ approach. The research found the five most important indicators that managers emphasized in SCWIs as follows: (1) facilities practicality, (2) device security, (3) employee professional degree, (4) equipment effectiveness, and (5) staff initiation. The innovation rules and parameters were applied to solve the design problems. A number of possible solutions were derived through the inspiration of TRIZ contradiction matrix. Expert in-depth interview was introduced to validate the feasibility of the indices as well as design solutions for a SCWI.
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Peng, Hui, and 彭惠. "The Study on the Contract Management of Social Welfare Institutions - A Case of Adolescents Care Institutions in Taipei City." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98420897613992744806.
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張金釵. "The Research on the Service Quality of Social Welfare Institutions - A Case of Nursing and Accommodation Institutions in Taichung City." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36073022433590916926.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
商業教育學系
93
Abstract This research using a conceptual model of service quality propounded by Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Berry (PZB) to analysis the differences between the expected service quality and the perception of perceived service quality from service staff (commissionaire) and the elderly. This research using questionnaire survey to 376 service staffs and 1,141 the elderly, total 1,517 persons, from 25 nursing and accommodation institutions. This research got 1,011 valued questionnaires (66.64%), 265 questionnaires from service staffs, 746 questionnaires from the elderly. Then, this study using descriptive statistical analysis, t-test analysis, one-way ANOVA, Person’s product-moment correlation coefficient to analysis those data by SPSS for windows software. According to the analysis, we got the conclusions and suggestions. This study finds: 1. There are evident differences between ‘the expected service level of the elderly’ and ‘the expected service quality level of service staffs to the elderly’, as gap 1 is existed. 2. There are evident differences between‘the expected service quality level of service staffs to the elderly’and’the actually excised service quality level of service staffs to the elderly’,as gap 2 is existed. 3. There are evident differences between ‘the percevied service level of the elderly’ and ‘the actually excised service quality level of service staffs to the elderly’, as gap 3 is existed. 4. There are evident differences between ‘the expected service level of the elderly’ and ‘the percevied service level of the elderly’, as gap 5 is existed. 5. By Person’s product-moment correlation coefficient we know: the security , responsiveness, reliability , tangible of service quality and total service quality of service staffs and the elderly have high positive correlations. 6. There are evident differences between the expected and percevied service quality level of the service staffs and the elderly’ of public and private nursing and accommodation institutions. The service staffs and the elderly have higher satisfaction to the public nursing and accommodation institutions. Finally, the finds from this research can make some suggestions for the government and nursing and accommodation institutions to improve the service quality. Keywords: social welfare institutions、elderly nursing and accommodation institutions、service quality.
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Kau, tsui-gi, and 高翠璣. "A study on approaches to fund-raising of private welfare institutions for disability." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95174922934039347555.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
社會政策與社會工作學系
89
The development of “welfare pluralism” is a product of the private sector.participating in social welfare. It is same in this country that private welfare groups grows rapidly right after the political discharge and the presentation of non-government policy Accordingly, funding-raising become competitive among private welfare institutions.The sustenance and development of these private institutions are affected due to the limit of government grant and the multiplicity and specialization of obtaining financial support. Therefore, the private institutions, especially the disabled ones, are seeking social resources by fund raising. This study uses the method of deep interview with the managers or coordinators responsible for fund raising activities in seven private welfare institutions. Based on the ground theory, a qualitative research is conducted to collect the information on fund raising programs and their strategies. The research findings show that the financial structure of the private welfare institutions for the disabled rely much on donation, which even involves them in operational crisis. Further analyzing the manager’s belief of fund raising, the public relation of the institution, and the role the institution playing, three models of action strategies of fund raising are constructed: Self-reliance, Business-oriented, and Dependence-trend. The institutions in the self-reliance groups do not depend on government grants for operation, but on donation from social resources. For fund raising, such institutions provide services to certain subjects, they have full time employees and many volunteers for fund raising, their activities are many and with flexible schedule, and their managers are not only active in developing new products and community services but also give reward for effective fund raisers. The second type is the business-oriented model. These kind of institutions serve only a certain type of the disabled. They have many professional workers and the full time or part time workers spend much time for fund raising, their fund is raised for certain service programs, and they can find supports from other departments within institutions. Since their finance is rare from government grants and other sources, they initiate business management and run another business. The third type of institutions can be classified as dependence-trend ones. As they rely much on government grants and donation, their financial condition will undoubtedly be affected by macro-economy. The competitors of these institutions are homogeneous organizations in seeking same resources. No one in these institutions are responsible for fund raising, only temporary mission group is organized for the assignment of fund raising which causes the other problem of staff allocation. The dependence-trend institutions are passive in raising fund and they do not have excellent record in this respect. Concluded from this study some suggestions are provided to government, to the welfare institutions and for the professional development of social work workers as follows: （A）To the government a. The government should take the part as a counselor by organizing only an advisory department to help the welfare institutions in the process of fund raising. Many administrative offices with different regulations will confuse the welfare institutions. b. With regard to the existing inappropriate regulations of fund raising, it is necessary to collect the opinion of professionals and experts for regulation revision. （B）To the Institutions a. The institutions should organize a mission unit with full time staff with different professional background for fund raising. The fund raising is therefore goal-oriented in response to the need of the society. b. To evaluate an institutional financial resources and fund raising policy is essential. The well-designed financial management and planning will assure an effective strategy and a feasible goal for long term fund raising. （C）For Professional Development a. Social workers in welfare institutions should not only develop their creativity and planning ability in practicing welfare programs but also update their knowledge in social work management. Thus, their fund raising programs can meet the requirement of their institutions and accepted by the public as well. b. Welfare institutions can make use of the media to present the speciality of their services and to reflect that they are in demand of fund support. In this way, the institutions will make known to the public and increase their donated fund, i.e. the effect of media. Though they can use their case subject as an appeal to the public, the ethic of a social worker should take into consideration at the same time.
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Li, Hsin-Ya, and 李馨雅. "Implementing Person-Centered Planning for Welfare Institutions Providing Residential Care: An Action Research." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62511170579655783794.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
復健諮商研究所
104
The purpose of this research was to explore the process of initial person-centered planning for an institution for providing residential care. The research was conducted through action research, which included interviews, on the job training, implementing person-centered planning. The collected information analyzed by NVivo 10, and results were as follows: On the stage of preparing PCP: (a) Some members of service provider changed their attitude from the resistance to acceptance and even encouraged users to learn. (b) Understanding ISP should not fix to group curriculum framework. (c) Service users started to express their own expectations of life. (d) Service users and service providers affected each other. At this stage, the support from the higher-level staff member was highly helpful; and the main resistances come from stereotype of members of the service provider, and ISP could not act in concert with PCP. On the stage of implementing PCP: (a) some of members of the service provider changed their concepts because of active feedback from service users. (b) The service user's performance of language, communication skills, and decision making had progressed. At his stage, members of service provider played an important role to resolve the advocacy, poor memory difficulties of service users, as well as stereotype problems of members of service providers.
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PENG, CHENG-HSIANG, and 彭成翔. "A Feasibility Study of Smoke Exhaust Using Air-Conditioning System for Welfare Institutions." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t36c7r.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
能源與冷凍空調工程系
107
In recent years there have some serious fire incidence at welfare institutions. Most of the inhabitants of welfare institutions are the disadvantaged group in fire evacuation, and the casualty can be serious. The fire safety of welfare institutions has become a social issue, resulting in the use of performance-based design for fire safety. This study used computer simulation for evacuation and fire smoke analysis in case of fire at welfare institutions. This study evaluated the smoke control system that could provide sufficient escape route and evacuation time in case of fire. In the event of a fire often the air conditioning system is first turned off to prevent the smoke spreading through the air conditioning system. However, the design rules in many countries have made used of air conditioning ducts to exhaust smoke. In this study, Pathfinder was used to simulate the escape time for the nursing aides to assist the inhabitants egressing to a safe space. The longest time to escape from a room was taken to be the worst case. Fire dynamics simulator(FDS) was used to simulate whether the fire smoke has down spread a height that would affect the safe egress. There are two purposes of this study. One was the reasonable fire source growth speed that allow for safe egress. The research results found that in the case of no smoke exhaust and natural smoke exhaust in the bedroom, only slow fire growth would allow for safe evacuation. It is then a necessity strictly stipulate the fireproof grade of indoor furniture and decoration. This study has found that if air-conditioning was used for smoke exhaust it would then increase the fire safety. The simulation results show that medium fire growth rate would still allow for safe evacuation with smoke exhaust. The results show that it is feasible to use air-condition ducts for smoke exhaust, and would elevate the fire safe for the inhabitants dwelling in welfare institutions.
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Roberts, Reginald Eric. ""Protecting the public welfare and morals" : political institutions, federalism, and prohibition, 1834-1934." Thesis, 2001. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/4637/1/Roberts_r_2001.pdf.
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Social Scientists have developed a research agenda that seeks to explain prohibition policy adoption through the theory of collective action or the economic theory of regulation. They have found that the relative strength of interest groups has indeed played a role in the adoption of prohibition policy at the state and national level. I have chosen to take a different approach to the study of the prohibition era. In this thesis, I have chosen to make the state and federal constitutions the primary focus in determining what shaped prohibition policy outcomes at both the state and national levels. I have sought to show three things. First, state institutions played a key role in the spread of prohibition policy. Second, the state's ability to enforce prohibition was compromised by the conflict between state police powers and the federal interstate commerce powers. Third, the ambiguous wording of the Eighteenth Amendment was a major factor in the failure of national prohibition enforcement.
In chapter 2, I showed that pro-prohibition forces preferred constitutional amendments to statutory laws. The ability to adopt state constitutional amendments, however, was hampered in some states by high institutional barriers at both the initiation stage and ratification stage. In chapter 3, I showed that prohibition states had limited success in prohibiting alcohol sales because their police powers conflicted with federal interstate commerce powers.
In chapter 4, I show that the Supreme Court's interpretation of the ambiguous wording of the Eighteenth Amendment gave states incentives to free ride on the federal enforcement effort. Consequently, the asymmetry in capabilities between the states and federal government was a chief cause in the failure of enforcement of the Eighteenth Amendment.
I conclude that prohibition policy might shed some light on the current direction of research on how policies, particularly moral policies, diffuse across states. Second, the federalism perspective I have adopted may shed some light on the likely life cycle of moral policies, the "war on drugs," that are tending toward prohibition today.