Relevant bibliographies by topics / Welfare effects of trade interventions

Academic literature on the topic 'Welfare effects of trade interventions'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Welfare effects of trade interventions"

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Zulfiqar, Muhammad, Dilawar Khan, Anwar F. Chishti, Munir Khan, Wasiullah Mr., Ajmal Waheed, Muhammad Zakir, and Robina Karim. "Trade Liberalisation Could Improve Producers Profitability in Agriculture: A Case of Basmati Rice." Pakistan Development Review 48, no. 4II (December 1, 2009): 771–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v48i4iipp.771-782.

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This peace of research has been conducted, as part of PhD research of the first author, with the objectives to (i) identify various protection policies and interventions exercised in Basmati rice economy in Pakistan (ii) estimate welfare effects associated with existing protection policies and (iii) to estimate implications of WTO’s trade liberalisation in domestic economy and foreign markets. The quantitative analysis of data reveals that Basmati rice crop hanged about ‘price tax-cum-export tax’ regime during the study period. Welfare analysis of such policy interventions estimated higher losses to producers (Pak Rs 657.95 million per year) than gains to consumers (Rs 448.76 million per year) during pre-WTO period. The same trend continued during post-WTO period but producers’ losses were comparatively smaller i.e., 649.48 million per year. In case of free trade, simulation results demonstrate greater gains to producers than losses to consumers. If world market was liberalised, supplementary gains in the range of Rs 276.65 million to Rs 451.60 million per year during earlier and Rs 333.45 million to Rs 637.40 million per year during the later period would have occurred at domestic level. In light of analytical results, the following recommendations are made. (i) Government needs to curtail interventions in Basmati rice economy. (ii) Besides, improving the pace of trade liberalisation at domestic level, Pakistan should pursue with other members in WTO’s negotiations for early implementation of WTO’s trade liberalisation on international level. (iii) Government of Pakistan should gear up its efforts as facilitator of trade in accordance with WTO agreements and increase investment in areas of research, development, and out-reach. JEL classification: Q17, Q18, Q28 Keywords: Basmati Rice, Government Intervention, Welfare Effect, Trade Liberalisation, WTO.
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Tälle, Malin, Lotten Wiréhn, Daniel Ellström, Mattias Hjerpe, Maria Huge-Brodin, Per Jensen, Tom Lindström, Tina-Simone Neset, Uno Wennergren, and Geneviève Metson. "Synergies and Trade-Offs for Sustainable Food Production in Sweden: An Integrated Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (January 23, 2019): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030601.

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The production of food can have large impacts on sustainable development in relation to various socio-ecological dimensions, like climate change, the environment, animal welfare, livestock epidemiology, and the economy. To achieve a sustainable food production system in Sweden, an integrated approach that considers all five of these dimensions, and all parts of the food production chain, is necessary. This paper systematically reviewed the literature related to food production in Sweden, especially in association with resource distribution and recycling logistics, and identified potential sustainability interventions and assessed their effects according to the five dimensions. Participation of stakeholders across the food production chain contributed with the focus of the literature search and subsequent synthesis. In general, there were synergies between the sustainability interventions and their effect on climate change and the environment, while there often were trade-offs between effects on the economy and the other dimensions. Few interventions considered effects on animal welfare or livestock epidemiology and few studies dealt with resource distribution and recycling logistics. This indicates that there is a need for future research that considers this in particular, as well as research that considers the whole food production chain and all dimensions at once, and investigates effects across multiple scales.
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Tsutsui, Shunichi. "Cost differential and welfare effects of interventionist trade policies in oligopolistic international trade." Japan and the World Economy 3, no. 4 (April 1992): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-1425(92)90003-9.

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Kethryn, Ravire, and Bianca Salonga. "Alternative Comparison of Government Strategies of ASEAN Countries in Addressing Public Welfare Problems During Covid-19." Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Social Sciences Study 2, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47616/jamrsss.v2i2.127.

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Cooperation takes place through ASEAN, ASEAN + 3, and other processes, as well as through cooperation with other organizations. The numerous partnerships address a variety of issues, including prevention in the health sector, economic responses, and tourism and travel interventions. Another growth approach pursued by ASEAN is trade policy. To mitigate the pandemic's effect on inter-country exchange, the ASEAN countries' primary objective is to preserve and restore trade ties by holding markets free. ASEAN interventions in response to the economic effects of the Covid-19 pandemic have been outlined in three categories: economic stimulation, monetary and fiscal policies, and exchange policies, both of which aim to maximize social welfare during the tough periods of the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Levi, Retsef, Somya Singhvi, and Yanchong Zheng. "Artificial Shortage in Agricultural Supply Chains." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 24, no. 2 (March 2022): 746–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.1010.

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Problem definition: Price surge of essential commodities despite inventory availability, due to artificial shortage, presents a serious threat to food security in many countries. To protect consumers’ welfare, governments intervene reactively with either (i) cash subsidy, to increase consumers’ purchasing power by directly transferring cash; or (ii) supply allocation, to increase product availability by importing the commodity from foreign markets and selling it at subsidized rates. Academic/practical relevance: This paper develops a new behavioral game-theoretic model to examine the supply chain and market dynamics that engender artificial shortage as well as to analyze the effectiveness of various government interventions in improving consumer welfare. Methodology: We analyze a three-stage dynamic game between the government and the trader. We fully characterize the market equilibrium and the resulting consumer welfare under the base scenario of no government intervention as well as under each of the interventions being studied. Results: The analysis demonstrates the disparate effects of different interventions on artificial shortage; whereas supply allocation schemes often mitigate shortage, cash subsidy can inadvertently aggravate shortage in the market. Furthermore, empirical analysis with actual data on onion prices in India shows that the proposed model explains the data well and provides specific estimates on the implied artificial shortage. A counterfactual analysis quantifies the potential impacts of government interventions on market outcomes. Managerial implications: The analysis shows that reactive government interventions with supply allocation schemes can have a preemptive effect to reduce the trader’s incentive to create artificial shortage. Although cash subsidy schemes have recently gained wide popularity in many countries, we caution governments to carefully consider the strategic responses of different stakeholders in the supply chain when implementing cash subsidy schemes.
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TOMLINSON, JIM. "CHURCHILL'S DEFEAT IN DUNDEE, 1922, AND THE DECLINE OF LIBERAL POLITICAL ECONOMY." Historical Journal 63, no. 4 (November 13, 2019): 980–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x19000475.

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AbstractThis article uses Churchill's defeat in Dundee in 1922 to examine the challenges to liberal political economy in Britain posed by the First World War. In particular, the focus is on the impact of the war on reshaping the global division of labour and the difficulties in responding to the domestic consequences of this reshaping. Dundee provides an ideal basis for examining the links between local politics and global economic changes in this period because of the traumatic effects of the war on the city. Dundee depended to an extraordinary extent on one, extremely ‘globalized’, industry – jute – for its employment. All raw jute brought to Dundee came from Bengal, and the markets for its product were scattered all over the world. Moreover, the main competitive threat to the industry came from a much poorer economy (India), so that jute manufacturing was the first major British industry to be significantly affected by low-wage competition. Before 1914, the Liberals combined advocacy of free trade with a significant set of interventions in the labour market and in social welfare, including trade boards. The Dundee case allows us to examine in detail the responses to post-war challenges to these Liberal orthodoxies.
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Yin, Xiangkang, and Xiangshuo Yin. "Can developing countries benefit from export promotion?" Journal of Economic Studies 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443580510574841.

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PurposeAlthough economic theory generally does not support government intervention in international trade, casual observation shows that many developing countries adopt certain trade policies to promote their exports. The objective of this paper is to answer the question that whether developing countries can benefit from export promotion.Design/methodology/approachThis paper considers a developing country which has to import new technology from the world market to improve its productivity. If it has certain economic rigidities, the country is short of foreign exchange and domestic firms cannot import an adequate amount of new technology. Even if there is no rigidity, domestic firms may not have sufficient incentive to invest in new technology. Therefore, the government can step in to subsidize exports. Through an analytical model, this paper investigates in what conditions the measures of export promotion can stimulate production and employment, and improve efficiency and social welfare.FindingsThis paper analyzes two effects of export promotion: raising the incentive of capital investment and reducing capital goods shortage caused by foreign exchange constraint. These effects might be the economic rationale for developing country governments to promote exports. It is found that export promotion can definitely raise employment and productivity, but whether these measures can stimulate the supply to the domestic market and improve domestic welfare depends on the sufficient and necessary condition given in the paper.Originality/valueEstablishes an analytical model to investigate in what conditions the measures of export promotion such as export subsidies and domestic currency devaluation can stimulate production and employment, and can improve efficiency and social welfare.
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Renzaho, Andre. "The Need for the Right Socio-Economic and Cultural Fit in the COVID-19 Response in Sub-Saharan Africa: Examining Demographic, Economic Political, Health, and Socio-Cultural Differentials in COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 3445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103445.

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread quickly across the globe with devastating effects on the global economy as well as the regional and societies’ socio-economic fabrics and the way of life for vast populations. The nonhomogeneous continent faces local contextual complexities that require locally relevant and culturally appropriate COVID-19 interventions. This paper examines demographic, economic, political, health, and socio-cultural differentials in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The health systems need to be strengthened through extending the health workforce by mobilizing and engaging the diaspora, and implementing the International Health Regulations (2005) core capacities. In the absence of adequate social protection and welfare programs targeting the poor during the pandemic, sub-Saharan African countries need to put in place flexible but effective policies and legislation approaches that harness and formalise the informal trade and remove supply chain barriers. This could include strengthening cross-border trade facilities such as adequate pro-poor, gender-sensitive, and streamlined cross-border customs, tax regimes, and information flow. The emphasis should be on cross-border infrastructure that not only facilitates trade through efficient border administration but can also effectively manage cross-border health threats. There is an urgent need to strengthen social protection systems to make them responsive to crises, and embed them within human rights-based approaches to better support vulnerable populations and enact health and social security benefits. The COVI-19 response needs to adhere to the well-established ‘do no harm’ principle to prevent further damage or suffering as a result of the pandemic and examined through local lenses to inform peace-building initiatives that may yield long-term gains in the post-COVID-19 recovery efforts.
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Slaven, Mike. "The “Pull Factor” Problematization in the Emergence of Everyday Bordering in the UK Welfare State." Genealogy 5, no. 4 (October 27, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy5040093.

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The “everyday bordering” concept has provided key insights into the effects of diverse bordering practices upon social life, placing the bordering of the welfare state among wider state interventions in an autochthonous politics of belonging. Sociological contributions have also introduced new explanations as to why states pursue such measures, positing that neoliberal states seek legitimacy through increasing activities to (re)affirm borders within this politics of belonging, compensating for a failure to govern the economy in the interests of citizens. To what extent is this visible in the state-led emergence of (everyday) borders around welfare in the United Kingdom, often cited as a key national case? This article draws from 20 elite interviews to contribute to genealogical accounts of the emergence of everyday bordering through identifying the developing “problematizations” connected to this kind of bordering activity, as the British state began to distinctly involve welfare-state actors in bordering policies in the 1990s and early 2000s. This evidence underlines how these policies were tied to a “pull factor” problematization of control failure, where the state needed to reduce various “pull factors” purportedly attracting unwanted migrants in order to control immigration per se, with little evidence that legitimacy issues tied to perceived declining economic governability informed these developments in this period. These findings can inform future genealogical analyses that trace the emergence of everyday bordering.
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Kallianiotis, Ioannis N. "Implementing Monetary Policy after the 2008 Financial Crisis." Archives of Business Research 7, no. 9 (September 26, 2019): 141–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.79.7106.

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Every six weeks or so (9 times during the year), the financial world watches as the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) decides on a target interest rate in the federal funds market for the next period. But what happens next? How do policymakers make sure that interest rates in the fed funds market trade within the target range? What will be the effect of the new target rate on the Wall Street and the Main Street? How efficient is so far the monetary policy after the latest global financial crisis? Is the target rate the correct one? The framework that the FOMC uses to implement monetary policy has changed over the last decade and continues to evolve today. Before the 2008 financial crisis, policymakers used one set of instruments to achieve the target rate. However, several policy interventions introduced soon after the crisis drastically altered the landscape of the federal funds market. This new and uncertain environment, with enormous reserves, necessitated a new set of instruments for monetary policy implementation. Lately, after December 2015, as the FOMC began to unwind the effects of these policy interventions, some questions arise: What rules will be followed by the Fed? What happens next as the federal funds market converges to a “new normal”? How effective will be the new policy? Can the Fed prevent a new crisis? The federal funds rate is very low and affects negatively the financial markets (bubbles are growing), the real rates of interest, and the deposit rates, which means the true economic welfare is falling and a new global recession is in preparation, if the latest easy money policy will continue.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Welfare effects of trade interventions"

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Telford, Steven. "An economic enquiry into the welfare effects of fair-trade." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/7781.

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Fair-trade is investigated at three levels. Each level relates to a specific group of actors. The first group are the consumers of fair-trade. In this respect fair-trade overlaps with altruism. A model is developed which seeks out parameters by which to judge whether or not a person will engage into this gesture of altruism, and accordingly measures the fair-trade utility of the consumer. On the basis that it is voluntary, fair-trade is deemed to be virtuous in that it either uplifts consumer utility, or else the consumer withdraws their patronage. Information is hypothesised to play a key role in determining the depth of this relationship. The second group are neighbouring producers, that is the non fair-trade producers who compete in the same market. A situation is modelled in which fair-trade is viewed as a switch in demand preference rather than new demand. The model allows an evaluation based on the standard tenets of welfare economics: to inform upon which movements are value-creating, which are merely transfers, the symmetry of those transfers and where Pareto improvements can and cannot be realised. The policymaker is afforded a logical overview, but with the implication that many of the relevant variables may be lie beyond their direct influence. The third group are landless vineyard labours in South Africa who are empirically analysised. We observed the strongest performance of fair-trade with respect to subjective improvement in wellbeing and the sort of participation that could be categorised as empowerment.
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Triyana, Margaret M. "The effects of household and community-based interventions| Evidence from Indonesia." Thesis, The University of Chicago, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3568431.

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Low birth weight is a global health problem, especially in developing countries. Approximately 16% of all new-borns in developing countries were born with low birth weight. Motivated by this troublesome fact, this research evaluates policies that target maternal and children's health in low-resource settings. The following three essays analyze community-based and household-based health interventions. Program evaluation is important to inform future policy, and more importantly, to compare policies in order to determine the most effective strategies to improve birth outcomes in developing countries. Indonesia has implemented both community-based and household-based interventions. The three essays in this research evaluate the following three programs. The first two essays evaluate two recent programs: a household-based program, Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), and a community-based program, PNPM Generasi Sehat dan Cerdas (Generasi ). The third essay evaluates the 'Midwife in the Village' ( Bidan di Desa) program. The 'Midwife in the Village' program is a community-based program that was implemented in the 1980s to provide each village with a trained midwife to provide prenatal care and delivery assistance. The other two programs, PKH and Generasi, were piloted in 2007. PKH is a household Conditional Cash-Transfer (CCT) program, while Generasi, functions a community CCT program; the community CCT program provides villages with block grants to fund activities that promote health and education.

The first essay analyzes the effects of Indonesia's household CCT program on the price and quality of health care services, and how these changes affect poor households. In this paper, I focus on price changes in the health care market because it is directly affected by the program and health care providers may increase prices in response to increased demand. The program is associated with higher utilization of health care, driven by increased utilization among the poor, who also experience higher quality of care. The quality improvement in the target population is driven by increased utilization, and not an improvement in quality at the local health care market. In response to the demand shock from the CCT program, I find a price increase in sub-districts that are randomized into treatment, which suggests the importance of supply response in demand-side interventions.

The second essay compares the relative effectiveness of household CCT and community CCT programs in improving birth outcomes in similar communities. Both programs have been shown to improve health-seeking behavior, but it has not been established whether these indicators translate into improved birth outcomes. To select comparable communities, the sample is restricted to areas with similar characteristics using propensity score matching. Under matching, both programs increase health seeking behavior, but there is no significant change in low birth weight. However, the household CCT program reduces preterm birth. The matching estimates suggest that the targeted household CCT program is more effective in improving birth outcomes than the broad community-based program, even though both programs improve health-seeking behavior.

The third essay analyzes the impact of the 'Midwife in the Village' program in rural Indonesia. In this essay, I extend earlier research by Frankenberg and Thomas (FT, 2001) on the effect of gaining a midwife in the village. FT find improvements in women's health status and birth weight. Using additional data, this essay estimates the longer term effect of midwife presence and the effect of losing the village midwife after the 1998 financial crisis. The effects of gaining a midwife are qualitatively similar to FT's estimates, but they are not statistically significant, which suggests that the program effects diminish over time. I find that losing a midwife has no statistically significant effect on women's health status or low birth weight. These results suggest that the program was effective in maintaining the health status of rural communities.

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Guei, Kore Marc Antoine. "Revenue, welfare and trade effects of EU FTA on South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6137.

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The study used the partial equilibrium WITS-SMART Simulation Model to assess the impact of liberalization under the Trade Development and Cooperation Agreement (TDCA) of a free trade area between the EU and South Africa. The findings of the study reveal that total trade effects in South Africa are likely to surge by US$ 1.036 billion with a total welfare valued at US$ 134 million. Dismantling tariffs on all EU goods would be beneficial to consumers through net trade creation. Total trade creation would be US$ 782 million. However, South African producers are likely to contribute a trade diversion of US$ 254 million which has a negative impact on consumer welfare. The country might also experience a revenue loss amounting to US$ 562 million due to the removal of tariffs. On trade, the country’s export and import to the EU is expected to increase by US$ 12.419 million and US$ 1.266 million respectively. To mitigate revenue loss, the country should try to diversify its current tax base.
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Islam, Amirul. "Trade, productivity and welfare effects of regional integration in South Asia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/39.

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The thesis examines the impacts of the South Asian free trade agreement (SAFTA) on trade, productivity, and welfare of the member countries. When theoretically relevant variables are controlled for, it is found that the agreement is not effective in creating intra-regional trade flows and improving productivity of the region. India and Nepal gain welfare in the long run, while the others lose. Deeper integration, embracing factor flows, is required to make the agreement fruitful.
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Deese, William Franklin. "The Effects of Changes in Subsidies and Trade Interventions on the Sheep Industry." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06202003-075732/.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the dynamic response of an industry to production subsidies and to trade restrictions on a competing product. Specifically I examine the U.S. sheep industry and compare the effects of a production intervention similar to the Wool Act and to a tariff-rate quota. I begin with a dynamic profit function and derive an Euler equation. I use the iterated generalized method of moments to estimate the demand for slaughter lambs, the Euler equation, and the demand for domestic wool. These equations are estimated separately using instrumental variable techniques to adjust for the endogenous right hand side variables and for future-dated variables, in which the number of instruments exceeds the number of parameters. In each case, the iterated generalized method of moment estimator converges and produces reasonable estimates. Separately I estimate the demand for imported lamb meat using regression with autocorrelated errors. I then generate equilibrium slaughter lamb prices and breeding stock levels for a base case, for the production-subsidies case and for the tariff-rate quota case. The equilibrium quantities and prices are generated from the solution to a variable-coefficient difference equation. A feature of the model is the effects of joint outputs, slaughter lambs and wool, are included in the model. Results are that re-imposition of the Wool Act increases breeding stock levels relative to the base case, although breeding stock levels continue to decline, and slaughter lamb prices also initially increase. Implementation of the tariff-rate quota raises slaughter lamb prices and lowers breeding stock levels relative to the base case. Effects of the tariff-rate quota are small compared with the re-imposition of the Wool Act.
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Oberhofer, Harald, and Michael Pfaffermayr. "Estimating the Trade and Welfare Effects of Brexit: A Panel Data Structural Gravity Model." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6020/1/wp259.pdf.

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This paper proposes a new panel data structural gravity approach for estimating the trade and welfare effects of Brexit. The suggested Constrained Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood Estimator exhibits some useful properties for trade policy analysis and allows to obtain estimates and confidence intervals which are consistent with structural trade theory. Assuming different counterfactual post-Brexit scenarios, our main findings suggest that UKs (EUs) exports of goods to the EU (UK) are likely to decline within a range between 7.2% and 45.7% (5.9% and 38.2%) six years after the Brexit has taken place. For the UK, the negative trade effects are only partially offset by an increase in domestic goods trade and trade with third countries, inducing a decline in UKs real income between 1.4% and 5.7% under the hard Brexit scenario. The estimated welfare effects for the EU are negligible in magnitude and statistically not different from zero.
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Ndungo, Lusenge Patrick. "Revenue, trade and welfare effects of the COMESA FTA on the Democratic Republic of Congo." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14256.

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The present research attempts to assess the likely revenue, trade and welfare implications of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The study adopts a partial equilibrium model based on the World Integrated Trade Solution 2010 database and the Software for Market Analysis and Restrictions on Trade (WITS-SMART) as the methodological approach. The findings of the research reveal that the COMESA FTA will be beneficial to the DRC in terms of an increase in exports of US$371.57 million and consumer welfare gain amounting to US$28.49 million. Moreover, The WITS-SMART simulation results indicate that around US$322.10 million of trade will be created in the DRC as a result of the COMESA FTA. Notwithstanding the fact that trade creation will have a positive effect on welfare, as the Congolese consumers would benefit from lower prices, some local industries in the DRC may be threaten of closure due to the lack of competitiveness. In addition, the simultation results show that the country will experience a huge fiscal revenue loss amounting to US$107.01 million due to the implementation of zero per cent tarrif rate on imports duty from the COMESA trading partners. Finally, the simultation results indicate that an equivalent value of US$49.47 million of trade will be diverted from more efficient and low cost non-member states to high cost suppliers from the COMESA region. In light of these results, the research recommends that the DRC’s government needs to come up with a strategic plan in order to protect the national industry that would be negatively affected by the trade-creation effect. In order to mitigate the expected revenue loss, the implementation of the COMESA FTA in the DRC should be accompanied by fiscal reforms to improve the tax-collection system from sales or value-added taxes (VAT) and domestic excise. Regarding the trade-diversion effect, the inefficient producers from the COMESA region could be displaced through building new capacities in short, medium and long term based on comparative advantage in order to address supply constraints in these sectors affected by trade diversion.
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Goude, Katarina. "The First, the Fastest, the Best? : A Study of Welfare Effects of the EU-Mexico Free Trade Agreement." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2204.

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Trade in agricultural products between Mexico and the EU only counts for a small percentage of total trade between them. With the entry into force of the EU-Mexico FTA in 2000, the tariffs on a number of agriculture commodities between the two parties was eliminated or reduced. This will lead to an opening in the trade of agricultural products between the two markets, something that could affect the welfare of the Mexican people positively, if new trade is created. The elimination and reduction of tariffs on agricultural goods could also lead to positive consumption effects as prices on these goods could be lowered. Lower prices on agricultural goods could help a large number of people, especially the poor people of Mexico.

In this thesis, using theories on preferential trade, I aim to examine the effects on the Mexican people due to the elimination of traiffs on agricultural goods between Mexico and the EU consequential to the EU-Mexico Free Trade Agreement. The investigation was carried out for the first two years after integration between the two parties, focusing on agricultural goods in particular. I also aim to determine if there is any group in the Mexican society that has benefited more in terms of welfare as a consequence of the new FTA.

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Li, Xiaoqian. "The Effects of Food Safety Standards on Trade and Welfare: The Case of EU Shrimp Imports." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/30.

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This research explores the link between a gravity model and welfare frameworks and then applies the quantitative model system to analyze how trade and welfare is affected by the Minimum Required Performance Limits (MRPL) in the shrimp importing market of European Union. The quantitative model system consists of two parts: first, this study uses the “phi-ness” gravity model to investigate the trade effects of MRPL on EU shrimp market. The “phi-ness” gravity model partitions the standard variables to avoid biased estimation caused by the correlation between time and country fixed effects and policy variables. The Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) method is incorporated into the estimation in order to control for the zero valued observations. Second, based on the theoretic foundation of the gravity model, this research sets up the specific nested Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) model of consumers’ utility and further explores the linkage between these two models. The nested CES model incorporates the effects of MRPL on consumers’ confidence in domestic food as well as foreign food imported from developed and developing countries. The empirical results confirm a consistent fact with previous empirical studies: stricter MRPL has significant and negative effects on trade integration between EU and trading partners with lower level of food safety standards. The welfare analysis shows that the zero tolerance policy of MRPL standard would dramatically enhance consumers’ demand for domestic shrimps and foreign shrimps imported from developed countries but reduce the quantity of shrimp supplied from developing countries. It is also indicated that the increased level of MRPL lead to an increase in welfare of domestic consumers, suppliers in developing countries, and in total international trade, as well as a decrease in the welfare of domestic suppliers and foreign suppliers from developed countries. The empirical results also indicate that the combination of GM and Welfare Approach can also be applied to research on other standards or other industries.
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Huseynov, Rashad [Verfasser]. "Welfare and economy-wide effects of Azerbaijan’s accession to the World Trade Organization : A quantitative assessment / Rashad Huseynov." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1078728526/34.

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Books on the topic "Welfare effects of trade interventions"

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Feenstra, Robert C. Estimating the effects of trade policy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

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Bradley, Ian. Welfare effects of trade restrictions on intra industry trade under monopolistic competition. Leicester: University of Leicester. Dept of Economics, 1985.

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Hossain, Mahabub. Welfare effects of a discriminatory trading area in South Asia. Canberra, Australia: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, 1996.

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Brander, James A. Trade adjustment assistance: Welfare and incentive effects of payments to displaced workers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.

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Elminiawy, Ahmed Mahmoud. The Egyptian rice market: A model analysis of the effects of government interventions and subsidies. Washington, D.C: International Food Policy Research Institute, 1989.

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Nicita, Alessandro. Who benefited from trade liberalization in Mexico?: Measuring the effects on household welfare. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2004.

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Ju, Jiandong. Market access and welfare effects of free trade areas without rules of origin. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.

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Devereux, Michael B. Exchange rate pass-through and the welfare effects of the euro. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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Goulder, Lawrence H. Trade liberalization in general equilibrium: Intertemporal and inter-industry effects. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.

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1949-, Le-Si Vinh, ed. The supply and welfare effects of rice-pricing policy in Thailand. Washington, D.C., U.S.A: World Bank, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Welfare effects of trade interventions"

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Anderson, Kym. "Estimating Trade, Welfare, and Poverty Effects of Trade Policy Reforms." In Agricultural Trade, Policy Reforms, and Global Food Security, 113–53. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-46925-0_6.

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Milner, Chris. "Empirical Analysis of the Welfare Effects of Commercial Policy." In Current Issues in International Trade, 124–53. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24563-5_7.

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Ono, Yoshiyasu, and Shinsuke Ikeda. "International Welfare Effects of Saving Controls and Trade Restrictions." In Organization, Performance and Equity: Perspectives on the Japanese Economy, 403–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6267-2_14.

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Aizer, Anna, and Joseph J. Doyle. "Economics of Child Well-Being: Measuring Effects of Child Welfare Interventions." In Handbook of Child Well-Being, 1563–602. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9063-8_63.

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Emous, R. A. van, and M. M. van Krimpen. "Effects of nutritional interventions on feathering of poultry - a review." In Poultry Feathers and Skin: The Poultry Integument in Health and Welfare, 133–50. Wallingford: CABI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786395115.0133.

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Chipman, John S. "Welfare Effects of Trade-Diverting Customs Unions: A Quantitative Approach." In Trade, Growth, and Economic Policy in Open Economies, 65–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00423-4_6.

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Jeon, Bang Nam. "The welfare effects of voluntary export restraints on an exporting country: a case of the non-rubber footwear industry." In International Trade Modelling, 129–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2150-8_7.

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Okawa, Masayuki, and Tatsuya Iguchi. "Welfare Effects of Trade Liberalization and Coordinated Domestic Sales Tax Reforms Under International Oligopoly." In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 43–62. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8615-1_4.

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Agénor, Pierre-Richard. "Public Capital and Innovation." In Public Capital, Growth and Welfare. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691155807.003.0005.

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This chapter extends the Allais–Samuelson Overlapping Generations models presented in chapters 1 and 2 to study interactions between infrastructure and human capital with R&D activities and growth. It begins by providing some background evidence on these interactions. The model is then presented and solved, and the impact of public policy, including potential trade-offs associated with the provision of infrastructure and other services by the government, is discussed. Again, this is a critical issue; if governments have access to limited resources to cover their expenditure, different types of government interventions may entail (temporary or permanent) trade-offs at the macroeconomic level—even though at the microeconomic or sectoral level these interventions are largely complementary. In addition, different types of government intervention may generate spillover effects on other sectors, which may have an indirect impact on innovation capacity.
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Leamer, Edward E., and Robert M. Stern. "Estimating the Welfare Effects of Trade Liberalization." In Quantitative International Economics, 184–200. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315127897-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Welfare effects of trade interventions"

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Kovács, Eszter. "Transoceanic trade triangle of the US-EU-China." In The European Union’s Contention in the Reshaping Global Economy. Szeged: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/eucrge.2022.5.

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As part of global trade, the emergence of free trade agreements has resulted in the removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers over the past seventy years. The major trade actors (European Union, United States, and China) have become economic rivals, which make them compete in confrontational or cooperative ways for greater benefits and welfare. This paper discusses three free trade agreements between the US‒EU‒China: the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI), and the Economic And Trade Agreement Between The Government Of The United States Of America And The Government Of The People’s Republic Of China (ETA). The author’s contribution is the creation of alternative scenarios to analyse the effects of these treaties on profit from a game theoretical approach. The results of this model suggest that cooperation generates greater economic benefits in each situation compared to competitive strategy. At the same time, players’ welfare cannot be identified with profit in all cases.
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Gencer, Ayşen Hiç, and Özlen Hiç. "A.Smith and the Classical School, K.Marx and the Marxist Socialism, J.M.Keynes and the Keynesian Revolution and the Subsequent Developments." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01166.

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Adam Smith is known as the founder of economics as a social science and also of economic liberalism (or termed as capitalism after Karl Marx) based on principles of non-intervention and non-protection by the governments to perfectly competitive markets. Over time, economic theory and resulting economic regime evolved: Interventions to improve the welfare of workers; infant-industry argument for limited trade protection; and most importantly, following the 1929 Great Depression, John Maynard Keynes and his macroeconomic system giving rise to less-than-full- employment equilibrium, hence the need for macro-economic level state interventions by means of monetary and fiscal policies. Evidently, liberal economic regime was modified but remained in essence; hence, it proved to be flexible and resilient. On the other hand, Marxist socialism, the doctrinaire challenge to capitalism, had virtually collapsed in the 1990's. The move of even the developing countries towards outward orientation and market economy at the national level is in line with Adam Smith's views; so is the establishment of the European Union and the like at the regional level, as well as the more recent move towards globalisation.
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Kuşcu, Sinan. "European Union, Eurasian Transportation Policies and Prospective Effects on Region Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00504.

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Accessibility is assumed as one of the most important indicators of a modern and advanced society. EU has structuring and development models in issues like transportation, informatics, politics, education, justice etc. The EU member states conduct intensive studies in fields of importance in line with a state’s individual priorities. The fundamental purpose of these studies is to bolster social welfare of member states, to improve trade and to attain commercial advantages over the competitors like Pacific Nations and North America. EU’s Transportation Policies reflect the EU transportation sector’s standards in general. In this study, we will discuss EU’s transportation policies, as a significant actor in the global economy, intended to attain some advantages in the international competition and particularly against Pacific nations as well as the effects of these policies on regional economies.
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Murat, Sedat, Sefer Şener, and Burcu Kılınç Savrul. "The Role of Economic Integration in Trade Openness: The Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization Case." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00832.

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Trade liberalization is one of the greatest economic arguments of the economics and it is claimed that trade openness is a crucial phenomenon for the well-being of nations since Adam Smith. Although various practices have been seen in different parts of the world in the history, from 1980s trade liberalization movements have been the dominant trend. However liberalization of trade in developing countries brought debates in economic literature and it is argued that open trade can have catastrophic effects instead of providing growth and welfare to the practitioner countries. In this study if The Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization had contributed the member states to liberalize their trade has been investigated. The changes in the rates of inward and outward investment, import, export, population and labour force of the member countries during the establishment period of the Organization has been evaluated. The data is collected from Worldbank National Accounts Database, IMF World Economic Outlook and Balance of Payments Database and UNCTAD. The results of the study has shown that although the establishment of the organization had positive effect on investment and trade flows of the countries, it had no effect on labour flows of the member states.
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Kim, Jong Deog, and Sung Gwi Kim. "Evaluation and Prospect on Comprehensive Fishing-Village Development Project in the Republic of Korea." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37333.

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In terms of fishery policy in the Republic of Korea (hereinafter Korea), efficient resources management and the improvement of the infrastructure have been main targets of the industrial policy for a long time. On the other hand, fishermen’s society has maintained an exclusive and conservative socio-economic structure based on fishery cooperatives. However, with the advent of the new global trade order, the so-called Uruguay Round (UR), Korea’s fishery policy was requested to change the existing paradigm. To address this change in circumstances, the Korea government has begun to emphasize a people-oriented policy, for example, welfare, safety, education and diversified income sources, etc., instead of a production-oriented policy. In particular, the new law — Act on Special Tax for Rural Development — was enacted in 1994 to provide financial funding for various policy changes, including the implementation of the Comprehensive Fishing-village Development Project (hereinafter CFDP) as a new measure to address fishermen’s difficulties originating from the new trade round. CFDP aimed at raising the competitiveness of the fishery and the improvement of the quality of life in fishing-villages. The present study was conducted as an interim evaluation of the socio-economic effects of the projects implemented in the early stage of the CFDP, from 1994 to 1998.
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İncekara, Ahmet, and Mesut Savrul. "Impact of Globalization on Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00734.

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Contemporarily, globalization is regarded as one of the most comprehensive forces that shape the modern world. It led to major increases in worldwide trade and exchanges in an increasingly open, integrated, and borderless international economy. The participation of developing countries in the globalization process created an opportunity for them to better utilize their comparative advantages through entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship is often associated with job creation, wealth creation, innovation and its related welfare effects. Thus it is generally credited with economic development instrument especially for developing countries. In this regard, impact of globalization on entrepreneurship in developing countries is investigated in the study. Entrepreneurship and globalization data is collected from KOF Index of Globalization and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. The data of the countries classified by UNDP Country Classification System. Comparison of the data has shown that globalization has a positive impact on entrepreneurial activities and although entrepreneurship levels are rising all over the world it is more effective in developing countries than developed ones and emerging markets in the last decade due to the increase in the globalization process.
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Soyu, Esra, Süleyman Karaçor, Serdar Altınok, and Emine Fırat. "An Evaluation on the Place and Importance of Tourism Revenues of Turkey in Economy." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01926.

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Globalization has allowed a number of countries to make important progresses that would contribute to economy in areas like industry and information technologies. Developed economies have obtained a cost advantage and increased both product potential and economic progress by means of advanced technologies. Developing economies, on the other hand, are required to determine the sectors to invest in order to progress. Regarding progress, it is primarily required to evaluate the tourism supply potential of countries. The tourism sector in Turkey has made a great progress for nearly more than 30 years and tourism has had positive effects upon economy. Foreign currency inflow of the country has increased the investment, revenue and employment and positively affected the balance of payments. Taking necessary precautions for Turkey to get more share from the international tourism revenue will also increase the social welfare. In this study, the place and importance of the tourism sector in economy are evaluated with the help of data. These data consist of the number of foreign tourists that come to Turkey for touristic reasons, acquired tourism revenue, touristic expenditure rates, share of tourism in the Gross National Product, as well as its effects upon the national income and share in foreign trade. Interpreting the reasons and outcomes of the recent decrease in tourism revenues in our country; it has been concluded that Turkey is in a serious need of tourism revenues and it is required to urgently intervene in this matter.
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Reports on the topic "Welfare effects of trade interventions"

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Rodríguez-Clare, Andrés, Mauricio Ulate, and José Vásquez. New-Keynesian Trade: Understanding the Employment and Welfare Effects of Trade Shocks. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27905.

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Caliendo, Lorenzo, and Fernando Parro. Estimates of the Trade and Welfare Effects of NAFTA. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18508.

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Dong, Yan, and John Whalley. Model Structure and the Combined Welfare and Trade Effects of China's Trade Related Policies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15363.

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Brander, James, and Barbara Spencer. Trade Adjustment Assistance: Welfare and Incentive Effects of Payments to Displaced Workers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3071.

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Andreasen, Eugenia, Sofía Bauducco, and Evangelina Dardati. Welfare Effects of Capital Controls. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003307.

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This paper studies the effect of capital controls on misallocation and welfare in an economy with financial constraints. We build a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous firms, financial constraints and international trade and calibrate it to the Chilean economy. Since high-productivity and exporting firms need to borrow more to reach their optimal scale, capital controls that tax international borrowing hit them harder. As a result, misallocation increases relatively more for this group of firms, and for young firms that are still trying to reach their optimal scale. In terms of welfare, the model predicts a sizable aggregate loss of 2.39 percent when capital controls are introduced, with welfare decreasing twice as much for high-productivity firms. We empirically corroborate the main insights in terms of misallocation obtained from the model using Chilean manufacturing firm data from 1990 to 2007.
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Ju, Jiandong, and Kala Krishna. Market Access and Welfare Effects of Free Trade Areas without Rules of Origin. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5480.

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Cai, Charles, and Kun Li. Trade and Welfare Effects of the Great Liberalization in Latin America and the Caribbean: A General Equilibrium Approach. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002171.

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Greenhill, Lucy, Christopher Leakey, and Daniela Diz. Second Workshop report: Mobilising the science community in progessing towards a sustainable and inclusive ocean economy. Scottish Universities Insight Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23693.

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Across the Blue Economy, science must play a fundamental role in moving us away from business as usual to a more sustainable pathway. It provides evidence to inform policy by understanding baselines, trends and tipping points, as well as the multiple and interacting effects of human activities and policy interventions. Measuring progress depends on strong evidence and requires the design of a monitoring framework based on well-defined objectives and indicators, informed by the diverse disciplines required to inform progress on cross-cutting policy objectives such as the Just Transition. The differences between the scientific and policy processes are stark and affect interaction between them, including, among other factors, the time pressures of governmental decision-making, and the lack of support and reward in academia for policy engagement. To enable improved integration, the diverse nature of the science / policy interface is important to recognise – improved communication between scientists and policy professionals within government is important, as well as interaction with the wider academic community through secondments and other mechanisms. Skills in working across boundaries are valuable, requiring training and professional recognition. We also discussed the science needs across the themes of the Just Transition, Sustainable Seafood, Nature-based Solutions and the Circular Economy, where we considered: • What research and knowledge can help us manage synergies and trade-offs? • Where is innovation needed to promote synergies? • What type of indicators, data and evidence are needed to measure progress? The insights developed through dialogue among participants on these themes are outlined in Section 4 of this report.
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Kimhi, Ayal, Barry Goodwin, Ashok Mishra, Avner Ahituv, and Yoav Kislev. The dynamics of off-farm employment, farm size, and farm structure. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695877.bard.

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Objectives: (1) Preparing panel data sets for both the United States and Israel that contain a rich set of farm attributes, such as size, specialization, and output composition, and farmers’ characteristics such as off-farm employment status, education, and family composition. (2) Developing an empirical framework for the joint analysis of all the endogenous variables of interest in a dynamic setting. (3) Estimating simultaneous equations of the endogenous variables using the panel data sets from both countries. (4) Analyzing, using the empirical results, the possible effects of economic policies and institutional changes on the dynamics of the farm sector. An added objective is analyzing structural changes in farm sectors in additional countries. Background: Farm sectors in developed countries, including the U.S. and Israel, have experienced a sharp decline in their size and importance during the second half of the 20th century. The overall trend is towards fewer and larger farms that rely less on family labor. These structural changes have been a reaction to changes in technology, in government policies, and in market conditions: decreasing terms of trade, increasing alternative opportunities, and urbanization pressures. As these factors continue to change, so does the structure of the agricultural sector. Conclusions: We have shown that all major dimensions of structural changes in agriculture are closely interlinked. These include farm efficiency, farm scale, farm scope (diversification), and off-farm labor. We have also shown that these conclusions hold and perhaps even become stronger whenever dynamic aspects of structural adjustments are explicitly modeled using longitudinal data. While the results vary somewhat in the different applications, several common features are observed for both the U.S. and Israel. First, the trend towards the concentration of farm production in a smaller number of larger farm enterprises is likely to continue. Second, at the micro level, increased farm size is negatively associated with increased off-farm labor, with the causality going both ways. Third, the increase in farm size is mostly achieved by diversifying farm production into additional activities (crops or livestock). All these imply that the farm sector converges towards a bi-modal farm distribution, with some farms becoming commercial while the remaining farm households either exit farming altogether or continue producing but rely heavily on off-farm income. Implications: The primary scientific implication of this project is that one should not analyze a specific farm attribute in isolation. We have shown that controlling for the joint determination of the various farm and household attributes is crucial for obtaining meaningful empirical results. The policy implications are to some extent general but could be different in the two countries. The general implication is that farm policy is an important determinant of structural changes in the farm sector. For the U.S., we have shown the different effects of coupled and decoupled (direct) farm payments on the various farm attributes, and also shown that it is important to take into account the joint farm-household decisions in order to conduct a meaningful policy analysis. Only this kind of analysis explains the indirect effect of direct farm payments on farm production decisions. For Israel, we concluded that farm policy (or lack of farm policy) has contributed to the fast structural changes we observed over the last 25 years. The sharp change of direction in farm policy that started in the early 1980s has accelerated structural changes that could have been smoother otherwise. These accelerated structural changes most likely lead to welfare losses in rural areas.
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