Academic literature on the topic 'Welfare-based households'
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Journal articles on the topic "Welfare-based households"
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Rozanti, Yennie Dwi, Mohamad Khusaini, and Ferry Prasetyia. "Determinants of Household Poverty Status in Kediri City." Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics 9, no. 2 (2021): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiae.2021.009.02.5.
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Analyses of the causes and the characteristics of poverty at micro levels provide more efficient strategies for the attainment of main Sustainable Development Goals. This study aimed to analyze the extent to which the characteristics of individuals, households, and communities influence the probability of household poverty status. The 2019 Social Welfare Integrated Data and Village Potential Data of Kediri City were analyzed using an ordered logit regression model and then interpreted based on marginal effect calculation. The study found that household heads’ squared-age, household members’ education, household members’ occupation, household head gender (female), ownership of assets, access to the internet, access to proper sanitation, and access to financial institutions reduced the probability of households being categorized as very poor and poor. This finding indicated that household productivity influenced by the household head’s characteristics in managing productive assets, supported by access to infrastructure, could increase the household's welfare. However, the household head’s age and marital status, dependency ratio, and access to health facilities increased household’s probability of being very poor and poor. Policies regarding poverty must be adjusted to the poverty characteristics and status. Improving access, equalizing education, and improving job opportunity and infrastructure management that ensure accessibility and enhancement in service quality need to be made to increase the status of households with the lowest 40% welfare in Kediri City. Policies regarding poverty should be focused more on social programs for very poor and poor households. Meanwhile, those near-poor and vulnerable-to-poor need more empowering programs.
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Khusaini, Mohamad, Ferry Prasetyia, and Yennie Dwi Rozanti. "Determinants of Household Poverty Status in Kediri City." Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics 9, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiae.009.02.05.
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Analyses of the causes and the characteristics of poverty at micro levels provide more efficient strategies for the attainment of main Sustainable Development Goals. This study aimed to analyze the extent to which the characteristics of individuals, households, and communities influence the probability of household poverty status. The 2019 Social Welfare Integrated Data and Village Potential Data of Kediri City were analyzed using an ordered logit regression model and then interpreted based on marginal effect calculation. The study found that household heads’ squared-age, household members’ education, household members’ occupation, household head gender (female), ownership of assets, access to the internet, access to proper sanitation, and access to financial institutions reduced the probability of households being categorized as very poor and poor. This finding indicated that household productivity influenced by the household head’s characteristics in managing productive assets, supported by access to infrastructure, could increase the household's welfare. However, the household head’s age and marital status, dependency ratio, and access to health facilities increased household’s probability of being very poor and poor. Policies regarding poverty must be adjusted to the poverty characteristics and status. Improving access, equalizing education, and improving job opportunity and infrastructure management that ensure accessibility and enhancement in service quality need to be made to increase the status of households with the lowest 40% welfare in Kediri City. Policies regarding poverty should be focused more on social programs for very poor and poor households. Meanwhile, those near-poor and vulnerable-to-poor need more empowering programs.
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Putri, Mutiara, Fembriarti Erry Prasmatiwi, and Suriaty Situmorang. "ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI LADA DI KECAMATAN ABUNG BARAT KABUPATEN LAMPUNG UTARA." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v10i2.5917.
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The purposes of this research are to find out the income of pepper farming, household income, level of household welfare, and factors that affect the welfare of pepper farmer households in Abung Barat Sub-District. The location was determined purposively with the consideration that Abung Barat Sub-District is the center of black pepper production. The number of respondents in this research is 63 respondents taken randomly. Data were collected from April to May 2019. The analytical methods used are farming analysis, the analysis of Sajogyo and Subyective welfare levels, and binary logit analysis. The results showed that average income of pepper farming is IDR8,356,590.51/year, average household income is IDR20,055,616.61/year, based on the criteria of Sajogyo 61.90 percent of the respondent pepper farmer households are included in the sufficient category, and based on the criteria subyektif that 68.25 percent of pepper farmer households are included in the sufficient category. The factors that influence the level of household welfare of pepper farmers are the number of family members and income.Key words: farmers income, pepper, welfare
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Salam, Shakila, Siegfried Bauer, and Md Salauddin Palash. "Impact of income diversification on rural livelihood in some selected areas of Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 17, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i1.40666.
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Diverse set of income generating activities may have varying effect on household’s welfare situation. This study intends to assess the extent of different income diversification strategies on rural household welfare. A total sample of 153 households from three districts of Bangladesh was randomly selected. Considering simultaneous causality between different livelihood strategies and welfare indicators, the Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) methods with instrumental variable was applied to estimate impact of the strategies on household welfare. Household per capita expenditure was treated as the welfare indicator which includes both food and non-food expenditures. The findings show that involving in any type of non-farm activities jointly with farming has a significantly positive effect on the household’s welfare. Among different non-farm activities, participation in wage employment and migration along with agricultural activities ensured significantly higher per capita household expenditure. On the other hand, the impact of currently participation in only agricultural activities on household expenditure is insignificant. Besides, Farm size, higher education and infrastructural facilities also play an important role in improving household’s welfare. Therefore, policy should be directed to create opportunities to participate in non-farm activities through establishment of small and medium industries, especially agro-based industries in the rural areas.
J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 73–79, March 2019
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Andriadi, Thomas Mayang, Fembriarti Erry Prasmatiwi, and Maya Riantini. "ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI TEBU RAKYAT DI KECAMATAN BUNGAMAYANG KABUPATEN LAMPUNG UTARA." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v9i1.4964.
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The objectives of this research were to find out the income of sugar cane farming, household income of sugar cane farmers, household welfare level, and factors that affect the welfare level of sugar cane farmer households in Bungamayang Sub-District. The location was determined purposively, considering that Bungamayang Sub-District has been the center of sugar cane production in North Lampung Regency. The number of respondents in this research were 54 farmers taken randomly. Data were collected in April -May 2019. The analytical method used for the first and second objectives was farm analysis, the third objective used Sajogyo welfare level analysis and the fourth objective used binary logit analysis. The study shows that average income of sugar cane farming is IDR23,161,313.80/hectare. Average annual household income is IDR44,295,593.33 and the contribution of sugar cane farming income to household income is 57.52 percent. Based on the criteria of Sajogyo, sugar cane farmer households are included in the sufficient category. Household income positively affects welfare level, while the number of family members negatively affects the welfare level of sugar cane farmers in Bungamayang Sub-District.Key words: farmer households, income, sugar cane, welfare level
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Adam, Echan, and Amir Halid. "Literasi keuangan dan kesejahteraan rumah tangga petani di Gorontalo." AGROMIX 13, no. 2 (September 4, 2022): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/agx.v13i2.2677.
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Introduction: The decline in the Farmer's Exchange Rate (NTP) index of Gorontalo Province in 2020 (96.93) compared to the before four years ago (>100) indicates a decline in farmer welfare. On the other hand, increasing financial literacy is the government's focus in realizing people's welfare. The purpose of this study was analyzed the level of financial literacy of farmer households, as well as its effect on the farmer household welfare in Gorontalo Province. Method: Sample was selected based on purposive sampling technique with a total of 120 farmer households. The data analysis technique uses a linear regression model with a dummy variable technique and adds a variable social support of the farmer's household in estimating the effect of financial literacy on the farmer's household welfare. Result: The results of this study indicate that financial literacy which consists of variable knowledge of financial institutions and ownership of savings account, has a positive and significant effect on the farmer household welfare. Farmers who have literacy and access to capital at financial institutions are predicted to be 46.57% more likely to prosper than those who do not. Likewise, farmers who have savings accounts at financial institutions are estimated to be 44.1% more likely to prosper than farmers who do not have savings account. The variable of social support of farmer households, such as: household heads’ age, number household members, and number of employed household, also affected the farmer households welfare in Gorontalo Province. Conclusion: Financial literacy determines the level of welfare of farmer households in Gorontalo Province. Efforts to increase the level of financial literacy of farmers in Gorontalo Province need to be realized in the form of financial education programs in order to support Government programs.
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Minartha, Rana Cindi, Fembriarti Erry Prasmatiwi, and Adia Nugraha. "ANALISIS PENDAPATAN, RISIKO DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI KARET DI KECAMATAN PAKUAN RATU KABUPATEN WAY KANAN." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 10, no. 2 (June 10, 2022): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v10i2.5577.
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The study aims to analyze the amount of household income, the risk of rubber selling prices and the level of household welfare of rubber farmers in Pakuan Ratu Sub-District, Way Kanan Regency. The research method used was survey method. The number of the respondent in this study is 56 rubber farming households obtained using proportional random sampling. The results show that the average total income of rubber farmer households is Rp31,580,310.71 where the largest income is derived from income from rubber farming. The price risk on rubber farming is relatively small that can be seen from the variation coefficient value (CV) is 0.17. The level of household welfare based on Sajogyo's indicators shows that 100% rubber farming households are in the living groupworthy. Key words: farmers, income, risk, rubber, welfare.
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Umaroh, Rodhiah, Riska Dwi Astuti, and Edy Purwanto. "THE IMPACT ANALYSIS OF RISING FOOD PRICES ON FARMER’S WELFARE IN EAST JAVA." East Java Economic Journal 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 130–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53572/ejavec.v3i1.30.
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Agriculture is one of the important contributor sectors to the implementation of sustainable economic growth, especially in East Java. Apart from absorbing a large portion of the workforce, agriculture is also a sector that drives other sectors such as trade, especially for food products. However, the increase in food prices is often a polemic in the community which is very detrimental to households. This study aims to analyze the function of household food consumption demand in East Java using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) and Compensating Variation approaches to identify the impact of price changes on changes in household welfare in East Java, especially in farmer households. The data used in this study were obtained from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2000, 2007, and 2014. The results showed that consumption of various food commodities in the form of staple foods, fruits and vegetables, sugar, oil, milk, meat will be greatly affected by changes in prices, expenditure/income, and household demographic characteristics. The results of price and expenditure elasticity vary between household groups. Based on the analysis of changes in welfare, due to the increase in food prices, in general, households in East Java will experience a decrease in welfare. However, the decline for poor rural households and farming households is lower than for urban poor households and non-farmer households. The regional government of East Java province is expected to encourage and optimize the role of the agricultural sector to achieve sustainable household welfare in general and farmers in particular.
JEL: D11, D60, E31, Q11
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Satapathy, Jyotirmayee, Narayan Chandra Nayak, and Jitendra Mahakud. "Multidimensional impact of food security on household welfare: evidences from a household survey in three Indian states." International Journal of Social Economics 47, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 913–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2020-0023.
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PurposeThe welfare impacts of the food security on the beneficiaries can be understood from multiple dimensions. This paper, thus, examines the impact of the India's National Food Security Act (NFSA) on the welfare of the beneficiary households from a multidimensional perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a sample household survey covering three different states of India. The stratified random sampling technique was used to select the states, districts and blocks. Sample villages and households were selected purposively. A total of 1,523 households comprising 1,069 beneficiary and 454 non-beneficiary households constituted the sample. In order to find out the impact of the programme on different dimensions of welfare, the endogenous switching regression model is employed as it helps control for any absence of randomization and the unobserved heterogeneity bias. Propensity score matching is also employed to supplement the results.FindingsThe substitution effect and income effect of the food subsidy policy combined improve the overall welfare of the households presented through the subjective measures of food consumption behaviour, income transfer and educational achievements. The bargaining effect of the food subsidy programme is reflected in the enhanced social status and women's empowerment. The food security programme seems to augment the food consumption of the beneficiaries as observed from the food consumption score.Research limitations/implicationsThe food security policy has improved the overall welfare of the households and can play a major role in enhancing household welfare even further. The non-beneficiaries' welfare could have increased if they would have been included in the food security programme. The subjective assessment may, however, be subjected to personal biases, and there is also absence of a common reference point. Hence, the implications of the findings may be generalized with caution.Originality/valueThis study provides evidences of the impacts of food subsidy from a multidimensional standpoint considering both subjective and objective dimensions of household welfare.
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Nurhayati, Rosi Triafni, Raden Hanung Ismono, and Yaktiworo Indriani. "STRUKTUR DAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN SERTA TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI UBI KAYU DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v9i1.4814.
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This research aimed to analyze the difference of the income structure, the income distribution, and the welfare level of cassava farmer households based on factory location distance from location of cassava farm in Lampung Tengah Regency. The research sample consisted of 42 cassava farmers in Terusan Nunyai Subdistrict and 31 cassava farmers in Bandar Mataram Subdistrict. The data were analyzed using income structure, income distribution, and welfare level analysis based on BPS criteria. The results of this research showed that there was difference in the income structure between cassava farmers in Terusan Nunyai Subdistrict and Bandar Mataram Subdistrict. The income structure of cassava farmers had the highest contribution of the household income from main on-farm income which was 65.75 percent and 78.88 percent. There was also difference in the income distribution between cassava farmer households in Terusan Nunyai Subdistrict and Bandar Mataram Subdistrict. The income distribution of cassava farmer households in Terusan Nunyai Subdistrict was categorized as moderate inequality, welfare in Bandar Mataram Subdistrict was categorized as high inequality. There was no significant difference of the welfare level of cassava farmer households between the two locations. Based on BPS criteria, the welfare level of cassava farmer households in Terusan Nunyai and Bandar Mataram Subdistrict were categorized as prosperous farmer households.Key words: cassava, farmers, income, welfare
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Welfare-based households"
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Kousar, Rakhshanda [Verfasser]. "Gender based Labor Supply, Income Diversification and Household Welfare in Pakistan / Rakhshanda Kousar." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049687094/34.
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Dehkordi, Feridoon Koohi-Kamali. "Welfare and consumption rationing : a study in behaviour based on a war-time Iranian household expenditure survey." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422457.
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Finlayson, Julie Dianne. "Don't depend on me : autonomy and dependence in an Aboriginal community in North Queensland." Phd thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/8745.
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This thesis examines the interplay between autonomy and dependence in domestic relations in a north Queensland urban Aboriginal community. Autonomy and dependence are mutually related principles of sociality which structure not only gender roles in Aboriginal domestic life, but also the relationships Aboriginal people establish with Europeans.
This thesis offers a different view of the nature of households and the dynamics of gender relations in Aboriginal households from the prevailing emphasis on matrifocality as a dominant form in contemporary Aboriginal domestic life. Although matrifocality may be a feature of certain of the mundane dynamics of households, the model fundamentally misrepresents power relationships. In this thesis Aboriginal domestic relations and household organisation are approached through an appreciation of the historical circumstances which have influenced gender roles within the Aboriginal family. The contemporary Aboriginal family, it is argued, is more complex in its internal dynamics than was previously thought and cannot be understood without considering both the relationship between Aboriginal people and the State, and the specific cultural patterns of household life.
Today the majority of Kuranda Aboriginal households depend on welfare income with little opportunity for wage labour. Women appear to be materially advantaged by welfare benefits and to have a potential for consolidating this advantage through their prominence in domestic life. But in practice Aboriginal men dominate domestic relations and succeed in monopolising the material resources of others, particularly those resources belonging to women. Cultural ideals about gender roles in domestic life cast women as nurturers who look after children and men, as their dependents. Through these ideals men legitimate their relationships with women and lay claim to women’s goods and services. In the same cultural process women themselves expect to look after and provide for others. Autonomy in such relationships emerges as the ability to appropriate and command the resources of another, but paradoxically this is achieved often through a position of dependence. Consequently, a woman with many resources is constantly under pressure from claims by dependent men to relinquish her resources. Thus she loses any capacity for, or means to control the accumulation of goods and services.
The same principles structure wider Aboriginal social relations. Aboriginal people in Kuranda often became dependents of Europeans in a boss-dependent relationship where the primary aim of the relationship from the Aboriginal point of view, is access to the goods and services of their boss. In the domestic sphere the Aboriginal boss is usually a woman who must care for her dependents. Similarly, Aboriginal people structure their relationships with Europeans by seeking a European boss, who is also like to be female, as an extension of the same principle of dependency and autonomy.
Aboriginal people develop gender relationships of this kind within their own community and they work successfully, but the same relationships with Europeans, even within the same sex, lack a mutual understanding of the basis and expectations of the arrangement. Subsequent cultural misunderstandings ultimately marginalise, not maximise, the knowledge and involvement of Aboriginal people with the wider society.
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Ndava, Netsai Rejoice. "Social work services for child-headed households in Virginia in the Free State Province." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25103.
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Text in EnglishChild-headed households are a reality in South Africa, and extensive research has advanced its causes and the children’s coping mechanisms. Social workers identify children in need, refer them to SASSA for social grants, facilitate foster care placements and offer psychosocial support services. This study sought to determine the nature of social work services rendered to children in such households in Virginia in the Free State. Qualitative exploratory, descriptive and contextual research was used to reach the goal of the study. Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirteen participants who were selected through purposive sampling. The data collected was analysed using the eight steps of Tesch (in Creswell, 2009) and verified through Guba’s method of trustworthiness (Krefting, 1991). The services rendered to child-headed households (CHHs) through individual, group and community work were inadequate due to lack of resources including a shortage of social workers due to a general dissatisfaction with salaries. Participants suggested the need to build the capacity of the available staff through staff training and improved access to available resources in order to strengthen the nature of services rendered to CHHs.
Social Work
M.A. (Social Work)
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Dunga, Ntombifikile Sylvia. "An investigation of the services provided by the Bhambayi Drop-in Centre in Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal for orphans and vulnerable children affected by HIV and AIDS." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19999.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate the services provided by the Bhambayi Drop-In Centre in Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal for orphans and vulnerable children (OVCs).
Qualitative research design and in-depth interviews with key informants and foster parents of the OVCs were conducted. The study found that the services which are provided by the Centre enabled the orphans and vulnerable children to enjoy life as normally as possible and to experience life meaningfully. As beneficiaries of the Bhambayi Drop-In Centre the children had access to education and two meals per day.
Beyond meeting such basic needs, the study also found that Centre instilled a sense of belonging and community in the children. Access to social grants enabled the children’s basic needs to be met. In addition foster parents played a crucial role in taking care of orphans and vulnerable children.Health Studies
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
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Bande, Evidence. "An exploration of the psychosocial needs of orphans and vulnerable children affected by HIV and AIDS in Gokomere, Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18792.
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The study explored the psychosocial needs of Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVCs) affected by HIV and AIDS in Gokomere, a rural area of Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe. The participants of the study included OVCs, caregivers and members of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and faith-based organisations (FBOs). The data was gathered using semi-structured in-depth interviews and a focus group discussion. The audio-taped data was transcribed, coded and interpreted to generate themes, categories and sub-categories. The main psychosocial needs of OVCs affected by HIV and AIDS were found to be the need for relationships, succession planning, social protection and emotional and spiritual support. Kinship care emerged to be the most important form of care for OVCs while home-based care and child-headed households emerged as new forms of care for OVCs. This study recommends that coordinated efforts by the government, NGOs/FBOs/CBO and the community at large is needed to address the challenges facing OVCs affected by HIV and AIDS.Health Studies
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
Books on the topic "Welfare-based households"
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Callan, Tim. Income tax and social welfare reforms: Model-based estimates of the effects on households. Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute, 1989.
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Reyes, Celia M. Assessment of community-based systems monitoring household welfare. Manila]: MIMAP Philippines, 1994.
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Meisner, Craig. Welfare measurement bias in household and on-site surveying of water-based recreation: An application to Lake Sevan, Armenia. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2006.
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Chiappori, Pierre-Andre. Welfare and the Household. Edited by Matthew D. Adler and Marc Fleurbaey. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.26.
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Inequality measures typically consider inequality between households, whereas one should ultimately be interested in inequality between individuals. We review some conceptual issues raised by the evaluation of intra-household inequality, in particular in the presence of public consumptions. We then describe recent theoretical and empirical advances in modelling household behavior, which are based on the collective model of household behavior. Lastly, we discuss normative issues involved, in particular when the weighting of individual welfare that is implicit in the household’s decision process is not socially optimal.
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Boyer, George R. The Winding Road to the Welfare State. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691178738.001.0001.
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How did Britain transform itself from a nation of workhouses to one that became a model for the modern welfare state? This book investigates the evolution of living standards and welfare policies in Britain from the 1830s to 1950 and provides insights into how British working-class households coped with economic insecurity. The book examines the retrenchment in Victorian poor relief, the Liberal Welfare Reforms, and the beginnings of the postwar welfare state, and it describes how workers altered spending and saving methods based on changing government policies. From the cutting back of the Poor Law after 1834 to Parliament's abrupt about-face in 1906 with the adoption of the Liberal Welfare Reforms, the book offers new explanations for oscillations in Britain's social policies and how these shaped worker well-being. The Poor Law's increasing stinginess led skilled manual workers to adopt self-help strategies, but this was not a feasible option for low-skilled workers, many of whom continued to rely on the Poor Law into old age. In contrast, the Liberal Welfare Reforms were a major watershed, marking the end of seven decades of declining support for the needy. Concluding with the Beveridge Report and Labour's social policies in the late 1940s, the book shows how the Liberal Welfare Reforms laid the foundations for a national social safety net. A sweeping look at economic pressures after the Industrial Revolution, this book illustrates how British welfare policy waxed and waned over the course of a century.
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Levien, Michael. On the Margins of a World City. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190859152.003.0007.
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This chapter shows how SEZs represent the abandonment of the developmentalist ambition of broad-based economic transformation and a retreat into elite private enclaves. It shows, first, that public infrastructural investment by the Rajasthan government was entirely geared toward the needs of this emerging corporate city with little concern for the welfare of surrounding rural populations. Private investment in the zone’s export-oriented “knowledge economy,” secondly, generated few productive linkages with the surrounding rural economy. The first process relegated Rajpura’s dispossessed farmers to a disinvested urbanizing village on the margins of a “world city,” and the second confined them to a tertiary informal economy dominated by rents, petty trade, and usury. The chapter concludes by showing how this exclusionary growth left a majority of dispossessed households—and a vast majority of lower caste households—poorer and less food secure than before.
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Kinuthia, Bethuel Kinyanjui. Agricultural input subsidy and farmers outcomes in Tanzania. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/906-8.
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This paper examines the impact of the government input subsidy—the National Agriculture Input Voucher—on farmers’ production and welfare in Tanzania as well as the factors that influence agricultural production in the country. The analysis is based on the Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture for 2008–13. The study uses panel fixed effects and difference-in-difference and propensity score matching methods to examine the two objectives. The results show that the input subsidy programme resulted in an initial increase in maize and rice production but not in the long run and only in a few regions. In addition, there was a decrease in total production in the southern region and the programme had little effect on farmers’ welfare. The results show that this programme only partly met the expected outcomes in Tanzania due to mistargeting, inaccurate identification of households, and poor implementation.
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Meisner, Craig, Benoit Laplante, and Hua Wang. Welfare Measurement Bias In Household And On-Site Surveying Of Water-Based Recreation : An Application To Lake Sevan, Armenia. The World Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-3932.
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Ethiopia. Ministry of Finance and Economic Development. Welfare Monitoring Unit., ed. Development and poverty profile of Ethiopia: (analysis based on the 1999/00 household income, consumption and expenditure, and welfare monitoring surveys). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Welfare Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 2002.
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Jenkins, Rob, and James Manor. Politics and the Right to Work. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190608309.001.0001.
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India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA), passed in 2005, has been among the developing world's most ambitious anti-poverty initiatives. By “guaranteeing” 100 days of work annually to every rural household, NREGA sought to advance the Indian constitution's commitment to securing citizens’ “right to work”. This book is not a technical evaluation of program performance. It offers instead a detailed analysis of the politics surrounding NREGA: the model of political action that motivated its architects, the public advocacy and parliamentary maneuvering involved in its passage, the political dynamics shaping implementation at state and local levels, the institutional constraints on reforming how it operates, and its complex impacts on public policy debates about governance and development as well as on the political capacities of poor people. Based on their extensive – primarily qualitative – field research, the authors examine changing conceptions of rights and the challenges of making states more accountable to their most disadvantaged citizens. Their analysis of the politics of NREGA provides a window onto the inner workings of Indian democracy and the complex character of the Indian state as it attempts to upgrade its social welfare provision to something more in keeping with the enhanced economic stature the country over the past few decades.
Book chapters on the topic "Welfare-based households"
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Sumil-Laanemaa, Merle, Luule Sakkeus, Allan Puur, and Lauri Leppik. "Socio-demographic Risk Factors Related to Material Deprivation Among Older Persons in Europe: A Comparative Analysis Based on SHARE Data." In International Perspectives on Aging, 31–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_3.
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AbstractMaterial deprivation is a key aspect of social exclusion, and the domain of economic exclusion, for the older population. In this chapter we utilised cross-sectional data from Wave 5 (2013) of the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and logistic regression analysis to assess the variation in material deprivation of the population aged 50+ across four geographic clusters of welfare regimes in Europe. We used the SHARE-based Material Deprivation Index (MDI) to assess the associations between material deprivation and socio-demographic factors (age, gender, education, economic activity status, household type, number of children, residential area, chronic diseases and limitations of daily activities, and origin). We observed a pronounced variation in material deprivation among the older population across welfare clusters, with high levels of MDI in the Eastern and Southern clusters. Living alone, having a large number of children, low education, activity limitations, and being of immigrant origin significantly increase the risk of material deprivation in older age in all clusters. The study also identified subgroups of older persons that have an increased risk of material deprivation in some but not all clusters, such as those aged 80+ and rural residents in the Southern and Eastern clusters.
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Gábos, András, Réka Branyiczki, Barbara Binder, and István György Tóth. "Employment and Poverty Dynamics Before, During, and After the Crisis." In Decent Incomes for All, 34–55. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190849696.003.0003.
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This chapter investigates how changes in employment and poverty relate to each other across the European Union’s Member States. Large employment volatility was accompanied by sizable changes in poverty rates between 2005 and 2012. Based on panel regression results, the poverty to employment elasticity was estimated to be around 25% on average. The role of changes in the poverty rates of individuals in jobless and non-jobless households and of changes in the share of those in jobless households differs greatly across countries. The success of poverty reduction depends to a large extent on three factors: the dynamics of overall employment growth, the fair distribution of employment growth across households with different levels of work intensity, and properly designed social welfare systems to smooth out income losses for families in need.
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Offner, Amy C. "The American Dream Comes Home." In Sorting Out the Mixed Economy, 214–48. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691190938.003.0008.
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This chapter talks about Don Terner who imagined a new household appliance. Across the First and Third Worlds, he explained, “the concept of dweller autonomy appears to offer one of the few hopes for truly broad-based housing improvement.” This chapter also describes between the War on Poverty and Terner's death how over 26,000 US households had built their own homes using FmHA Section 502 loans. Self-help remained a small program, but it had grown since the 1960s, accounting in 1996 for 1,514 new loans totaling over $100 million. In 1995, the Clinton administration designated Self-Help Enterprises a “Partner in the American Dream” as part of its National Homeownership Strategy. A policy born alongside public housing in the expansionary days of the welfare state now thrived under the banner of Third Way politics.
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Wolff, Nancy. "Harm." In The Shadow of Childhood Harm Behind Prison Walls, 17—C2.P61. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197653135.003.0002.
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Abstract Chapter 2 provides a definition of, and framework for, harm (the curse). The recommended definition is ecologically framed and welfare-based, drawing on legal and philosophical frameworks of harm. Harm occurs when an act, inaction, incident, or condition adversely impacts the welfare interests of an individual. The ecosystem of harm has three levels: individual, household, and community. Surveys of harm used in correctional research are reviewed and compared to the original and adapted versions of the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Questionnaire. These harm surveys incompletely and inconsistently measure the harm experienced by justice-involved persons. A framework for measuring harm in accordance with the ecologically framed, welfare-based definition of harm is provided to guide the development of a standardized harm survey.
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John, Nirmala, Varaprasad Janamala, and Joseph Rodrigues. "Optimal Load Control for Social Welfare Maximization in a Smart Distribution System using ATLBO Algorithm." In New Frontiers in Communication and Intelligent Systems, 405–14. Soft Computing Research Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/978-81-95502-00-4-43.
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Distribution utilities incur heavy penalties when the grid utilization exceeds the permitted demand levels. This is in turn translates into higher tariffs and customer bills, reduced customer satisfaction and adverse impacts on social welfare. To achieve energy balance, load shedding becomes inevitable under circumstances when the demand on grid exceeds permitted levels. The advent of smart distribution systems has made possible accurate, distributed load control approach instead of bulk load shedding. Small amounts of acceptable load sheds than larger tariffs improve household social welfare in poorer economies. In this paper a novel load control approach has been proposed using the recent variant of Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm, called Adaptive Inertia Weight Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (ATLBO) which uses an adaptive inertia weight strategy. The method has been tested on the IEEE 33 bus test system and has yielded exceptional results in terms of energy balance, reduced losses and reduced penalties for power overdraw from grid. Penalties to be paid by utilities can percolate into increased energy costs for the customers, affecting social welfare. The performance of the approach has been compared with the performance of PSO, CSA and basic TLBO in finding efficient solutions to the load control problem.
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Koch, Insa Lee. "The Good Person and the Bad Citizen: History, Class, and Sociality." In Personalizing the State, 58–84. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807513.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 introduces the building blocks of an alternative political–moral order, as viewed from the perspective of council estate residents. It argues that official understandings of deservingness and respectability have at times dovetailed with, but more often diverged from, what residents understand to be a righteous person and by extension also a rightful citizen who is deserving of public resources and protection. In the post-war period, a fragile moral union existed between paternalistic welfare policies that prioritised the white, male-headed nuclear household and tenants’ aspirations for respectable homes and neighbourhoods. This fragile moral union, however, became dismantled in the decades that followed, when the ideal of the worker-citizen was replaced by that of the consumer-citizen and those renting on council estates increasingly seen as subjects of failure and lack. Today, working class residents’ own understandings of what makes a good person, based on their reliance on informal networks of support and care, stand in stark contrast to classed portrayals that see them as citizens of lack.
Conference papers on the topic "Welfare-based households"
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WANG, HUCHENG, and WEILIN YANG. "DOES JOINING A FARMER'S PROFESSIONAL COOPERATIVE INCREASE THE WELFARE OF FARMERS?—BASED ON THE EVIDENCE OF FARMERS IN SOUTHWEST CHINA." In 2021 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED EDUCATION AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (AEIM 2021). Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/aeim2021/35990.
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Abstract. Based on field survey data of 1448 households in 50 villages in Q area, this paper uses the endogenous transformation regression model (ESRM) to analyze the impact of farmers joining professional cooperatives on family welfare under counterfactual scenarios, and further examines its mechanism of action. The study found that: (1) Farmers’ participation in professional cooperatives produces spillover effects and promotes the increase of farmers’ welfare; (2) The welfare effects of joining farmers’ professional cooperatives are also related to the differences in the farmers’ own family endowments, with higher family knowledge and cultural levels and more labor, Farmers with a large number of migrant workers have higher welfare effects of participating in cooperatives, otherwise the welfare effects will be lower; (3) The number of patients in farm households, the number of farmers, the size of the family, the number of elderly people, whether to borrow money, education level, etc. Factors have a significant role in promoting the participation of farmers in the decision-making of farmers' professional cooperatives, while factors such as the number of laborers, the number of workers, and age have a significant inhibitory effect on farmers' participation in the decision-making of farmers' professional cooperatives; (4) The increase in the number of workers, the number of farmers and the decline in the number of laborers indicate The efficiency of cooperatives in this area is low, and there are unnecessary losses; therefore, farmers should be encouraged to participate in cooperative operations.
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Tian, Y., Y. Li, and X. Chen. "Evaluating the Equity Impacts of Rural Road Investment Projects on Household Welfare Based on a Quantile Regression Approach: Evidence from Fujian Province." In Ninth International Conference of Chinese Transportation Professionals (ICCTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41064(358)409.
Full textReports on the topic "Welfare-based households"
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Sukume, Chrispen, Godfrey Mahofa, and Vine Mutyasira. Effects of Commercialisation on Seasonal Hunger: Evidence From Smallholder Resettlement Areas, Mazowe District, Zimbabwe. APRA, Future Agricultures Consortium, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.030.
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Agricultural transformation towards intensive commercial production is a key facet of current development strategies pursued by African governments, aimed at improving welfare outcomes of farm households. However, in Zimbabwe, there is concern that increased commercialisation, especially through tobacco production, may have resulted in increased food and nutrition insecurity in the smallholder farming sector. Using data from two rounds of surveys conducted in 2018 and 2020 of smallholder farmers, this study examined the impacts of cash crop and food-based commercialisation pathways on seasonal food insecurity in rural households of Mazowe district.
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Nolan, Brian, Brenda Gannon, Richard Layte, Dorothy Watson, Christopher T. Whelan, and James Williams. Monitoring Poverty Trends in Ireland: Results from the 2000 Living in Ireland survey. ESRI, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/prs45.
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This study is the latest in a series monitoring the evolution of poverty, based on data gathered by The ESRI in the Living in Ireland Surveys since 1994. These have allowed progress towards achieving the targets set out in the National Anti Poverty Strategy since 1997 to be assessed. The present study provides an updated picture using results from the 2000 round of the Living in Ireland survey. The numbers interviewed in the 2000 Living in Ireland survey were enhanced substantially, to compensate for attrition in the panel survey since it commenced in 1994. Individual interviews were conducted with 8,056 respondents. Relative income poverty lines do not on their own provide a satisfactory measure of exclusion due to lack of resources, but do nonetheless produce important key indicators of medium to long-term background trends. The numbers falling below relative income poverty lines were most often higher in 2000 than in 1997 or 1994. The income gap for those falling below these thresholds also increased. By contrast, the percentage of persons falling below income lines indexed only to prices (rather than average income) since 1994 or 1997 fell sharply, reflecting the pronounced real income growth throughout the distribution between then and 2000. This contrast points to the fundamental factors at work over this highly unusual period: unemployment fell very sharply and substantial real income growth was seen throughout the distribution, including social welfare payments, but these lagged behind income from work and property so social welfare recipients were more likely to fall below thresholds linked to average income. The study shows an increasing probability of falling below key relative income thresholds for single person households, those affected by illness or disability, and for those who are aged 65 or over - many of whom rely on social welfare support. Those in households where the reference person is unemployed still face a relatively high risk of falling below the income thresholds but continue to decline as a proportion of all those below the lines. Women face a higher risk of falling below those lines than men, but this gap was marked among the elderly. The study shows a marked decline in deprivation levels across different household types. As a result consistent poverty, that is the numbers both below relative income poverty lines and experiencing basic deprivation, also declined sharply. Those living in households comprising one adult with children continue to face a particularly high risk of consistent poverty, followed by those in families with two adults and four or more children. The percentage of adults in households below 70 per cent of median income and experiencing basic deprivation was seen to have fallen from 9 per cent in 1997 to about 4 per cent, while the percentage of children in such households fell from 15 per cent to 8 per cent. Women aged 65 or over faced a significantly higher risk of consistent poverty than men of that age. Up to 2000, the set of eight basic deprivation items included in the measure of consistent poverty were unchanged, so it was important to assess whether they were still capturing what would be widely seen as generalised deprivation. Factor analysis suggested that the structuring of deprivation items into the different dimensions has remained remarkably stable over time. Combining low income with the original set of basic deprivation indicators did still appear to identify a set of households experiencing generalised deprivation as a result of prolonged constraints in terms of command over resources, and distinguished from those experiencing other types of deprivation. However, on its own this does not tell the whole story - like purely relative income measures - nor does it necessarily remain the most appropriate set of indicators looking forward. Finally, it is argued that it would now be appropriate to expand the range of monitoring tools to include alternative poverty measures incorporating income and deprivation. Levels of deprivation for some of the items included in the original basic set were so low by 2000 that further progress will be difficult to capture empirically. This represents a remarkable achievement in a short space of time, but poverty is invariably reconstituted in terms of new and emerging social needs in a context of higher societal living standards and expectations. An alternative set of basic deprivation indicators and measure of consistent poverty is presented, which would be more likely to capture key trends over the next number of years. This has implications for the approach adopted in monitoring the National Anti-Poverty Strategy. Monitoring over the period to 2007 should take a broader focus than the consistent poverty measure as constructed to date, with attention also paid to both relative income and to consistent poverty with the amended set of indicators identified here.
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Elacqua, Gregory, Isabel Jacas, Thomas Krussig, Carolina Méndez, and Christopher Neilson. The Welfare Effects of including Household Preferences in School Assignment Systems: Evidence from Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004676.
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We study the welfare produced by a coordinated school assignment system that is based exclusively on minimizing distance to schools, comparing the matches it produces to a system that includes household preferences using a deferred acceptance algorithm. We leverage administrative data and a mechanism change implemented in the city of Manta, Ecuador in 2021 to estimate household preferences and show that considering applicant preferences produces large welfare gains. Our counterfactual exercises show that differences across alternative assignment mechanisms are small. Survey data on household beliefs and satisfaction support these conclusions. The evidence indicates that coordinated school choice and assignment systems can have large welfare effects in developing country contexts.
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Just, David, and Amir Heiman. Building local brand for fresh fruits and vegetables: A strategic approach aimed at strengthening the local agricultural sector. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7600039.bard.
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Abstract The debate about whether to reduce import barriers on fresh produce in order to decrease the cost of living and increase welfare or to continue protecting the local agricultural sector by imposing import duties on fresh vegetables and fruits has been part of the Israeli and the US political dialog. The alternative of building a strong local brand that will direct patriotic feelings to support of the agricultural sector has been previously discussed in the literature as a non-tax barrier to global competition. The motivation of consumers to pay more for local fresh fruits and vegetables are better quality, environmental concerns, altruism, and ethnocentrism. Local patriotic feelings are expected to be stronger among national-religious consumers and weaker among secular left wing voters. This project empirically analyzes consumers’ attitude toward local agricultural production, perceptions of the contribution of the agricultural sector to society and how these perceptions interact with patriotic beliefs and socio-political variables perhaps producing an ethnocentric preference for fruits and vegetables. This patriotic feeling may be contrasted with feelings toward rival (or even politically opposing) countries competing in the same markets. Thus geo-political landscape may help shape the consumer’s preferences and willingness to purchase particular products. Our empirical analysis is based on two surveys, one conducted among Israeli shoppers and one conducted among US households. We find strong influences of nationalism, patriotism and ethnocentrism on demand for produce in both samples. In the case of Israel this manifests itself as a significant discount demanded for countries in conflict with Israel (e.g., Syria or Palestine), with the discount demanded being related to the strength of the conflict. Moreover, the effect is larger for those who are either more religious, or those who identify with right leaning political parties. The results from the US are strikingly similar. For some countries the perception of conflict is dependent on political views (e.g., Mexico), while for others there is a more agreement (e.g., Russia). Despite a substantially different religious and political landscape, both right leaning political views and religiosity play strong roles in demand for foreign produce.