Academic literature on the topic 'Wele Telu of West Seram'

Abstract Syrian archaeological pottery sherds were collected for TL dating from six different archaeological sites named Al-Shermanieh, Tell Serah, Der Al-Hajar (south of Damascus), Tell Al-Shekdakah, Tell Al-Souwirieh (east of Damascus) and Khurbet Al-Kulieh (south west of Damascus). The samples were prepared by fine grain technique and the annual dose for each sample (pottery sherds and soil sample) was measured using an alpha spectrometer system for uranium and thorium contribution as well as with atomic absorption spectrometry for the potassium contents. The mean ages were found to be 5500 ± 150 years, 2950 ± 50 years, 1200 ± 50 years, 1300 ± 150 years, 3300 ± 100 years and 3400 ± 200 years for the examined pottery from the sites Al-Shermanieh, Tell Serah, Der Al-Hajar, Tell Al-Shekdakah, Tell Al-Souwirieh and Khurbet Al-Kulieh, respectively. The results were in good agreement with the ages estimated by archaeologists except for one sample which belongs to Der Al-Hjar site.

Buntal island has rich potency of both seagrass and sea cucumber. Seagrass ecosystem is the habitat of one among the economic valued biota, sea cucumber. The purpose of the research are: 1) to know the environmental condition; 2) to know the seagrass condition; 3) to know the community structure of the sea cucumber; 4) to know the spatial distribution of sea cucumber in the seagrass ecosystem; and 5) to analyze the relation of the density of sea cucumber and the density of seagrass in the waters of Buntal island-Kotania Bay, West Seram Regency. The sample are taken systematically using Belt Transect. The research is located in 2 observation stations where each station is determines into 3 zones. Seagrass condition is analyzed consist of density, frequency of presence and percentage of seagrass cover. The community structure of sea cucumber includes the density and frequency of presence. Spatial distribution mapping on the sea grass ecosystem is using ArcGIS application. The simple linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation are used to analyze the relation between the density of the sea cucumber and the density of the seagrass. The result of the research shows that the whole environmental parameters on the waters of Buntal Island support the existence of both the seagrass and the sea cucumber. The research finds 5 varieties of seagrass and 11 varieties of sea cucumber. Thalassia hemprichii is the seagrass variety that dominates the ecosystem while Holothuria leucospilota and H. atra are the varieties of sea cucumber with high density on Buntal Island waters. The healthy seagrass condition (well covered) is found in station 1 and bad health condition (worse covered) is found in station 2. The relation between the density of sea cucumber and the density of seagrass on the waters of Buntal Island, it is concludes that there is a high relation where the higher the density of seagrass the higher the density of the sea cucumber. ABSTRAK Pulau buntal memiliki potensi sumberdaya lamun maupun teripang yang melimpah. Ekosistem lamun sebagai habitat bagi sumberdaya teripang yang merupakan salah satu biota berekonomis penting. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) mengetahui kondisi lingkungan; 2) mengetahui kondisi lamun; 3) mengetahui struktur komunitas teripang; 4) mengetahui distribusi spasial teripang pada ekosistem lamun; 5) menganalisis hubungan kepadatan teripang dengan kerapatan lamun di perairan Pulau Buntal-Teluk Kotania, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat. Pengambilan sampel lamun dan teripang dilakukan secara sistematik menggunakan metode Belt Transek. Lokasi penelitian terdiri dari 2 stasiun pengamatan dan setiap stasiun terbagi menjadi 3 zona. Kondisi lamun yang dianalisis meliputi kerapatan, frekuensi kehadiran dan persentase tutupan lamun. Struktur komunitas teripang meliputi kepadatan dan frekuensi kehadiran. Peta distribusi spasial teripang pada ekosistem lamun menggunakan aplikasi ArcGIS. Analisis regresi linear sederhana dan korelasi pearson untuk melihat pengaruh serta hubungan kepadatan teripang dengan kerapatan lamun. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sacara keseluruhan parameter lingkungan di perairan Pulau Buntal sangat mendukung untuk kehidupan sumberdaya lamun maupun teripang. Ditemukannya lima jenis lamun dan 11 jenis teripang. Thalassia hemprichii merupakan jenis lamun yang sangat mendominasi pada komunitas lamun di perairan Pulau buntal. Jenis teripang Holothuria leucospilota dan H. atra memiliki nilai kepadatan yang tinggi pada perairan pulau Buntal. Dengan kondisi lamun sehat (tutupan baik) pada stasiun 1 dan tidak sehat (tutupan rusak) pada stasiun 2. Hubungan kepadatan teripang dengan kerapatan lamun pada Perairan Pulau Buntal dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan yang tinggi sehingga semakin tinggi kerapatan lamun akan diikuti oleh tingginya kepadatan teripang. Kata Kunci: Lamun, teripang, kepadatan, ekosistem lamun, Pulau Buntal

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><em>Dusun Teluk Bunder Desa Dewisari, Rengasdengklok, Karawang, Jawa Barat terletak di DAS Citarum yang masyarakatnya sudah terpapar pola makan masyarakat perkotaan yang cenderung mengkonsumsi garam, gula, lemak, tinggi, serta rendah serat dan protein. </em><em>Jika tidak ada upaya perbaikan perspektif tentang pola makan makan di masyarakat maka akan memicu timbulnya penyakit hipertensi dan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 (T2DM). Komplikasi yang dapat timbul dari kedua penyakit tersebut adalah berbagai keluhan cardiac, stoke, glaucoma, neuropathy dan stroke. Kondisi ini dapat menurunkan kualitas dan produktifitas SDM. Upaya untuk memperbaiki pola makan masyarakat dalam bentuk monitoring status kesehatan dengan parameter tekanan darah, gula darah, asam urat, kolesterol, dan berat badan serta edukasi pola makan sehat kepada masyarakat diperlukan. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat adalah untuk meningkatkan status kesehatan masyarakat. Metode pelaksanaan yang dilakukan adalah monitoring status kesehatan masyarakat, pemberian edukasi mengenai pola makan sehat, jenis makanan yang menyehatkan seperti yang berasal dari tepung komposit ganyong spirulina atau (Tepung Cannalina) dan evaluasi hasil edukasi. Kondisi kesehatan para ibu rumah tangga menunjukkan banyaknya kelainan metabolik seperti gula darah, kolesterol dan asam urat di atas normal serta gemuk dan obesitas.</em></p><p><strong>Kata kunci : C</strong><strong><em>annalina, Hipertensi, Pola makan, T</em></strong><strong><em>eluk </em></strong><strong><em>b</em></strong><strong><em>under, T2DM</em></strong><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong><strong> </strong></p><p><em>Teluk Bunder, Dewisari Village, Rengasdengklok, Karawang, West Java is located in the Citarum watershed where the community ha been exposed to the eating patterns of urban communities who tend to consume salt, sugar, fat, high, and low in fiber and protein. If there is no effort to improve perspective on eating patterns in the community it will trigger the onset of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Complications that can arise from the two diseases are various cardiac diseases, stroke, glaucoma, neuropathy and, stroke. This condition can reduce the quality and productivity of human resources. Efforts to improve community eating patterns in the form of monitoring health status with parameters of blood pressure, blood sugar, uric acid, cholesterol, and body weight and education on healthy eating patterns to the community are needed. The aim of community services was to improve the health status of the community. The method of implementation carried out was monitoring public health status, providing education about healthy eating patterns, types of healthy foods such as canna spirulina flour or (Cannalina Flour) and evaluation of educational results. The health conditions of housewives showed a number of metabolic abnormalities such as blood sugar, cholesterol and uric acid above normal as well as fat and obesity.</em></p><p><strong>Keywords: C<em>annalina, Hypertension, Diet, Bunder bay, T2DM</em></strong></p>

Several small communities of Alune and Wemale shifting cultivators are established in the upland region of 'Wele Telu, the 'Three Large Rivers' of West Seram in eastern Indonesia. Although the centralised state regards these peripheral desa as marginal, this is not the view of the people themselves. Comparatively more isolated than the coastal communities, the mountain 'domains' (hena, inama, anakota) claim to have preserved a traditional relationship to their land and their ancient mode of affiliation and marriage alliances. Each domain forms a social, territorial, religious and political unit which is still relatively autonomous. In the past, mountain and coastal domains participated in a larger federative ceremonial order which did not bar them from also competing for hegemony and taking part in conflicting alliances, warfare, or head-hunting raids against one another. In the middle of the 17th century, to secure total control of the clove growing industry, the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) dismantled the ruling system of Luhu, the largest political ally of Temate on west Seram, and entirely depopulated the peninsula. For two centuries thereafter inland Seram did not attract much foreign attention. When outsiders began recording the history of 'Wele Telu a century ago, the region had already changed drastically. Colonial policies, whose aims were full administrative control and subordination of the population, were forcefully implemented. The ceremonial and political federative orders of the Kakehan and the Saniri were banned and mountain settlements subjected to a complete re-configuration. Focusing on the Alune mountain domain of Manusa Manuwey (Hena Ma'saman.uey), this thesis explores how contemporary highland communities have preserved their traditional knowledge and adapted their socio-cultural practices to successive tumultuous historical change. The history of groups and domains is recounted in topogenies. The social knowledge embedded in these ordered sequences of sacred places/events is the warrant of the origin of these groups and the chronicle of all matters of renown in which they take pride. Topogenies also establish peoples' codes of social behaviour and their relation to the environment. They are the records of groups' rights, precedence and duties and a living register of the intricate network of relations between them. The origin structures of Manusa Manuwey examined in this thesis, situate the domain in an inner and central position in its region. It is a female centre, the 'source'/'core' (uwei) which 'distributed' (sama) the heirlooms generating wealth and fecundity, to the coastal groups as they 'departed' or came to settle at the domain's periphery. Non-localised named origin groups among both Alune and Wemale are called nuru. Alune nuru perpetuate themselves by reference to a genitor line of derivation, Wemale by reference to a genitrix one. Large nuru set forth 'branches' (sanai) over the whole region, establishing 'Houses' (luma) in the domains of both territories. Residency determines the linguistic affiliation and mode of derivation of these units. In Alune the notion of origin is encapsulated in the term uwei, (wei or wey) which conflates the ideas of 'origin', 'base', 'cause', 'centre' and 'source of continuity'. Notions of relative precedence within and between groups are expressed in metaphorical idioms. Within large nuru, 'branches' arrange themselves in a variable order of precedence linguistically constructed by using complementary categories such as 'ahead/behind' ('older'/'younger') or male/female. This is a loose and changeable precedence subjected to social competition. In Alune domains, earlier settlers take precedence over those who came afterward; they usually control larger sections of land and most positions of authority. However, prior establishment is insufficient to maintain these positions. Since large groups of settlers are better fitted to increase their status. a group of newcomers may gain renown for itself, expand in number, enter in strategic alliances and enhance its prestige, hence becoming an 'elder' nuru in that domain. Alune nuru are strictly exogamous. As they enter in relationships of exchange and alliances, Houses give precedence to bride-giving progenitors over their progeny, a relationship described in Alune terms as that of 'granary mother' to 'female child'. This relationship may be repeated, reversed or severed and new alliances initiated, challenging the previous order of precedence at each generation. Progenitors 'feed' and 'fecundate' their progeny. a ritual duty that parallels that of the ancestors. Social reproduction of groups was formerly secured by 'fecundating rituals' that are now prohibited. According to Alune elders. the present celebrations and exchanges of prestations are a mere token of the large celebrations of the past. Yet these ritual celebrations of food still keep the blessings flowing from the world of the Sky to the world of the Earth.