Journal articles: 'Welding and surfacing'

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Wu, Dong Ting, Yong Zou, Guan Lin Zhao, and Chuan Wei Shi. "Wear-Resistant Surfacing Layer Preparated by High Efficiency Twin-Wire Indirect Arc Welding." Materials Science Forum 985 (April 2020): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.985.229.

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Twin-wire indirect arc welding (TWIAW) is a novel welding technology with high deposition efficiency and low dilution rate, which is especially suitable for wear-resistant surfacing. In this study, wear-resistant surfacing layer was prepareted on low-carbon steel using flux cored wire by TWIAW. The influence of welding parameters on droplet transition and the surfacing layers property were studied. In the TWIAW process, due to rapidly solidification of the weld pool, wear-resistant reinforced phase synthesized through metallurgical reaction mainly finished in the droplet transfer stage using the welding arc. The welding parameters not only affected the droplet transfer frequency and size, but also affected the microstructure of the surfacing layer. The main reinforcing phase in the surfacing layer was chromium carbide. "Lean carbon" phenomenon could be observed along the grain boundary in the matrix when the welding current was small. The increasing of the welding current could prompt the metallurgical reaction. The wear resistance of the surfacing layers depends on the distribution of the chromium carbide and the matrix microstructure.

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Liao, Xue Bing, Ren Bin Zhou, An Qing Ming, and Zhen Zhong Quan. "Research on the Performance and Process of Fe/Cr-V – WC Surfacing Welding Layer on Weapons Parts Department." Applied Mechanics and Materials 456 (October 2013): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.456.416.

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In this paper,a Fe/cr-v - WC flux-cored wire welding alloy which used in weapons parts wear surfacing is developed. By the analysis of the average hardness of surfacing welding layer, the wear weightlessness and the microstructure, the wear resistance properties of surfacing welding alloy is studied. And the cored in alloying elements Cr, WC, Mo and V on the influence law of hardness and wear resistance of surfacing welding layer are systematically discussed, So as to the best alloy element content in the cored is determined. Results are showed that Cr element content is 5.5% ~ 5.5%, the content of WC powder is 3.9% ~ 4.2%, at 1.6%, content of Mo element V element content is within 3.2%. with the Fe/Cr - WC flux-cored wire welding alloy ratio appropriate, weapons parts welding layer has good hardness and abrasion resistance.

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Yu, Jin, Yin Zhuo Huang, Bo Wen Wu, and Hou Xian Zhou. "Structure and Performance of Fe-Al Alloy Layer for Twin Wire Surfacing on the Steel Substrate." Advanced Materials Research 658 (January 2013): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.658.158.

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Surfacing of Fe-Al alloy layer is achieved on the surface of Q235 steel plate by using the twin wire consisting of one aluminum welding wire and one steel welding wire in the shielding of pure argon. When the ER1100 aluminum welding wire of Φ1.6mm and ER50-6 steel welding wire of Φ1.2mm are selected as the master wire and slave wire respectively, with preheating and interlayer temperature reaching 350°C by controlling filling volume of aluminum and steel , the Fe-Al alloy layer featured by well-formed welding line is thus gained with no macroscopic defect. As the mechanical performance testing shows, the shear strength of surface combining surfacing layer and steel substrate is higher than 270MPa. The rupture position is located in surfacing layer and it turns out to be brittle fracture; the micro-hardness of surfacing layer ranges from 320HV to 420HV. Abrasion resistance testing indicates that abrasion resistance of surfacing layer is better than that of base material. According to micro-structure observation, the welding line is a coarsening columnar structure with a great deal of precipitated phase. According to EDAX, the aluminum content of precipitated phase in surfacing layer ranges from 24% to 32% (at), and the steel content ranging from 76% to 68% (at) - it is thus considered a Fe3Al structure through XRD.

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Wang, Xiao Ming, Sheng Zhu, Zhi Hao Zhao, Qi Wei Wang, and Min Zhang. "Effect of Addition of Sc, Zr, Er on Microstructure of Al-Mg Ingot to Generate Welding Wire and Micro-Hardness of Surfacing Layer." Advanced Materials Research 940 (June 2014): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.940.28.

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Al-Mg welding wires applied extensively in aluminum alloy welding field.5183 ingot and 5356 ingot added Sc, Zr and Er were fabricated by DC casting method and extruded into welding wire, furtherly. Surfacing layer on 7A52 aluminum alloy prepared by using automatic surfacing formation system. Optical microscopy (OM) and 1600-5122VD MICROMET 5104 micro-hardness tester utilized to observe microstructure of 5183 and 5356 ingots, to measure micro-hardness of surfacing layer fabricated by using 5183 and 5356 welding wire with Sc, Zr, Er addition, respectively. The results indicated that, owing to addition of rare earth element, re-crystallization of Al-Mg extruded ingot to generate welding wire was restrained markedly; Microstructure was refined obviously when Sc added; And average size of the grains was about 10μm. Micro-hardness of surfacing layer improved after addition of Sc, Zr, Er element in the ingots.

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Malushin, N. N., Denis V. Valuev, D. P. Il’yaschenko, V. A. Trifonov, and R. Yu Nekrasov. "Technological Improvement of Surfacing of Parts of Hammer Crushers Used in Coke-Chemical Industry." Materials Science Forum 927 (July 2018): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.927.168.

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A technology of manufacturing surfacing with high-chromium special cast iron without heating is developed; the main directions for improving surfacing quality are outlined. It is proposed to replace manual arc welding with plasma surfacing using high-speed hard surfacing materials.

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Meng, Li Xin, and Xi Zhang. "The Repairing of Camshaft Based on Surfacing Welding and Brush Plating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 127 (October 2011): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.127.292.

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The surfacing welding and brush plating are the commonly repairing technology when the components are wear or local damaged. Surfacing welding is to use the fusion of welding material and base material to repair the surface defect. Surfacing welding is used to repair the working size of camshaft commonly, otherwise, the cam is scrap and replace the new one Brush plating has good adaptability and flexibility in repairing components’ surface abrasion, and this method is convenient and fast. The combination of the two methods will not only bring better repairing effect in repairing the components, but also has good economy. Take the comprehensive repair in the engine’s camshaft for example in this paper, process of the combination in repairing is described detailed.

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Wang, Hong Mei, and Chang Jun Liu. "Research on the Microstructure and Performance of Co-Based Alloy Surfacing Layer." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 1886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.1886.

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With the help of applying the welding method of DC transverse magnetic field plasma arc surfacing, the powder of Co-based alloy is built up welding on surface of low carbon steel, the refinement effect of primary and secondary crystal structure inflicted by the magnetic field is confirmed through hardness test, wear resistance test, metallographic test and XRD analysis. And study systematically the law of DC transverse magnetic field influencing the surfacing layer metal hardness and wear resistance. The results show that the mechanical properties of surfacing layer achieve the best value when appropriate overlaying welding current match with magnetic current. "Magnetic blow" can be improved with the addition of transverse magnetic field, improving the stability of overlaying welding arc process.

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Zhang, Qing, Qing Zhang, Wei Shen, and Jun Tan. "Microstructure and Properties of High-Energy Pulsed Cold-Welded Surfacing Layers on 18Cr2Ni4WA Steel." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1353.

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The cold-welded surfacing layers have been prepared with SKD61 welding wire by high-energy pulsed cold-welding technology on 18Cr2Ni4WA steel. The microstructure of cold-welded surfacing layers was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)and the bonding Strength and mircohardness were tested as well. The results showed that the microstructure of cold-welded surfacing layer is mainly composed of acicular martensite ; the matrix structure of composition is granular bainite;The mean cohesive strength of cold-welded surfacing layer is 826MPa;and its mean microhardness(393.5HV)is obviously higher than that of substrate, which can increase the anti-wear property of material.

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Wang, Jin, Min Wei, Jimiao He, Yuqi Wang, and Changrong Ren. "Optimization of Repair Process Parameters for Open-Arc Surfacing Welding of Grinding Rolls Based on the Response Surface Method." Processes 10, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020321.

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The dilution rate of surfacing layers and the quality of weld forming are important factors affecting the quality of surfacing layers in open-arc surfacing. They are determined by the interaction of various surfacing parameters. In this paper, the response surface method is used to optimize the process parameters of open-arc surfacing welding. Mathematical models of the surfacing current, surfacing voltage, surfacing speed, dilution rate and weld residual height were established, and the reliability of the models was verified by variance analysis. By performing an analysis of the perturbation diagram and response surface diagram, the influence law of each influencing factor on the response value was obtained. The parameters of surfacing welding were optimized by setting optimization targets, and the experimental results of optimized parameters were compared with the predicted results. The optimized surfacing parameters were tested by grinding roller surfacing repair. The experimental results show that the quality of the grinding roller can meet the repair requirements. This shows that the model can be used to guide the surface repair of rollers and is of great significance to ensure the surface-repair quality of rollers.

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Dolinenko, V. V., E. V. Shapovalov, V. A. Kolyada, and T. G. Skuba. "Synthesis of Fuzzy Logic Mathematical Model for Adaptive Control of the Mig/Mag Surfacing." Èlektronnoe modelirovanie 43, no. 5 (October 4, 2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/emodel.43.05.043.

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A functional transformer with fuzzy logic is synthesized, which allows to get the estimations of weld beads height and width at the arbitrary values of entry parameters: wire feed speed and torch transverse oscillations amplitude. The influence of these input parameters on the base metal penetration and beads geometric parameters, welded using MIG/MAG process, were studied. Surfacing was performed by a robotic system with an arc power supply "Fronius TPS- 320i", which operated in the mode of arc process synergetic control. The formation of both individual beads and surfacing layers at different overlap coefficients has been studied. The arc surfacing process was realized in a mixture of protective gases (Ar+18%CO2) using a welding wire Св-08Г2С with a 1.0 mm diameter. Surfacing speed – 4 mm/s, frequency of welding torch oscillations – 1 Hz. The obtained experimental dependences of beads width and height, as well as the length of the welding pool can be used in both: creating of multi-pass MIG/MAG surfacing program for robotic restoration of critical purposes parts surfaces, and in preparing of FEM model of MIG/MAG surfacing.

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Węgrzyn, T., J. Piwnik, Ł. Wszołek, and W. Tarasiuk. "Shaft Wear After Surfacing with Micro-Jet Cooling / Zużycie Ścierne Wałów Po Napawaniu Z Chłodzeniem Mikro-Strugowym." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 2625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0424.

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A paper presents a piece of information about innovate surfacing technology with micro-jet cooling. There are put down information about parameters of shaft surfacing with micro-jet cooling process. There were given information about influence of various micro-jet gases on metallographic structure of machine shaft after surfacing. There were analyzed tribological properties of welds. Welding surfacing process is very often used to apply a hardness or wear-resistant layer of base metal. It is very important method of extending the life of machines, tools, and construction equipment. Surfacing is also known as wearfacing, is often used to build up shafts, gears or cutting edges. Regenerated surface properties of various machine elements do not provide good tribological properties. The tribological interactions of a solid shaft surfaces were tested after welding with micro-jet cooling.

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Kozyrev, N. A., G. V. Galevsky, R. E. Kryukov, D. A. Titova, and V. M. Shurupov. "New materials for welding and surfacing." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 150 (September 2016): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/150/1/012031.

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Berezovskiy, Alexander V., Michael P. Shalimov, and Ekaterina B. Votinova. "The Repair of Defects in High-Manganese Steel Castings by Welding Technology." Defect and Diffusion Forum 410 (August 17, 2021): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.209.

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Welding technologies are used to repair defects in cast parts of high - manganese austenitic steel (Hadfield steel). These include repair welding for newly manufactured castings, welding the formed defects in the old operating cast parts and, finally, for cladding layer of wear-resistant metal on the surface of the cast parts. Manual metal arc welding (MMAW) are used as often as gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and of flux-core wire welding (FCAW-S). These welding processes make possible to obtain a weld metal with the expected quality of the restored surface and a slight distortion of the base metal structure. The article presents methods of the casting repair by welding and surfacing. The parameters of welding and surfacing procedures are given, welding materials are recommended, and the methods for nondestructive testing of welds are prescribed.

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Timofeev, M. N., S. N. Galyatkin, R. I. Samoylenko, and Yu M. Markova. "Structure of welded joints of 15Kh2MFA steel completed with low carbon surfacing without heat treatmen." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 1(101) (May 3, 2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2020-101-1-35-43.

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The paper studies the 15Kh2MFA steel structures at various sections of the welded joint performed without heat treatment after welding with low-carbon surfacing. It is shown that there are three zones in lowcarbon surfacing, which differ in the content of chemical elements passing from the base metal to the deposited one, as well as in the tendency to form hardened structures during welding.

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Lin, Jian Dong, Ping Huang, and Fan He. "Research of Surfacing Technology on Continuous Casting Roller." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3370.

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For continuous casting roller with the poor Corrosion resistance, developed the PLJ225 flux-cored wire welding with nitrogen for continuous caster roller, flux of 107 matches, and used a suitable welding process for surfacing continuous caster roller. Continuous caster roll after surfacing not only has good resistance to abrasion, heat-fatigue resistance has a good performance, life expectancy increased by 1 ~ 6 times more.

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Wang, Tai, San San Ao, S. M. Manladan, Yang Chuan Cai, and Zhen Luo. "Microstructure and Properties of Surface-Modified Plates and Their Welded Joints." Materials 12, no. 18 (September 6, 2019): 2883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182883.

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The surface of Q235 low carbon steel was modified by the metal inert-gas welding (MIG) method; a 304 stainless steel surfacing layer was fabricated to improve the properties of Q235 low carbon steel. For practical industry application, keyhole tungsten inter gas (K-TIG) welding was used to weld the surface-modified plates. The microstructure, elemental distribution, micro-hardness, and corrosion resistance of the surface-modified plates and the welded joints were analyzed. The corrosion tests of welded joints and surface-modified plates were carried out with the electrochemical method and hydrochloric acid immersion method, respectively, and surface morphology after corrosion was studied. The results show that the surface-modified plates and their welded joints were defect-free. The microstructure of the surfacing layer consisted of austenite, martensite, and ferrite; and the microstructure of the weld consisted mainly of martensite. The hardness and corrosion resistance of the surfacing layer was superior to that that of low carbon steel. The micro-hardness of the weld is higher than that of the stainless steel surfacing layer and the base material. The corrosion resistance of the surfacing layer is the best, and the corrosion resistance of the welding seam is better than that of the base material.

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Razmyshlyaev, Alexander D., and Marina V. Ahieieva. "Features of Arc Surfacing Process in a Longitudinal Magnetic Field." Applied Mechanics and Materials 682 (October 2014): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.682.313.

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The electrode wire melting coefficient (αm) is determined for the submerged arc surfacing and welding in a longitudinal magnetic field (LMF) under reverse and direct polarities with ferromagnetic and paramagnetic (non-magnetic) wires. The maximum gain in the wire melting coefficient is achieved in the magnetostatic field assisted surfacing and welding. The effect reduces with the LMF frequency increasing to 4-6 Hz and virtually does not change with the further increase to 50 Hz. The electrode wire melting coefficient is shown to increase depending on magnetic properties.It has been established that the penetration depth of the parent metal reduces at the 50 Hz LMF surfacing when the longitudinal induction exceeds 65 mT.The constant and alternating LMFs reduce the speed of in-bath liquid metal flows, which results in the reduced parent metal penetration efficiency at surfacing.

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Kocurek, Robert, and Janusz Adamiec. "The Repair Welding Technology of Casts Magnesium Alloy QE22." Solid State Phenomena 212 (December 2013): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.212.81.

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Alloys from group Mg-Ag-RE-Zr are characterized by creep resistance up to 200°C, good casting and mechanical properties. Defects of magnesium alloys are propensity to cracks and deformations during heat treatment, low corrosion resistance. Welding technologies are most often use to repair of casts, mainly nonconsumable electrode welding in inert gas cover. About possibility repair or regeneration of magnesium alloy castings by welding depends on their weldability. Weldability of most magnesium alloys is good however, welding and surfacing cast elements create many problems. The purpose of this research work was develop a repair welding technology of casts magnesium alloy. Research project consisted of weldings and padding trials, microstructure and mechanical properties tests. Presented research results in this paper support conclusion that casts alloy QE22 reveal susceptibility to stable connection.

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He, Qing Zhong, Pu Quan Wang, Yun Qi Yan, Shuai Guo, and Peng Duan. "Research on Tube Sheet Welding Dynamic Simulation and its Stress Characteristics Based on ABAQUS." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.466.

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The article aimed at Heat exchanger tube sheet welding experiment and its processing technology programs in a certain enterprise and using the ABAQUS software to proceed simulation on high strength and matrix alloy surfacing transition alloy materials (soft or corrosion protection), which can acquire the temperature and stress field after welding which has been testified the rationality by test result, then determining the suitable heat source model and the welding parameters. At the same time, welding dynamic simulation research result provide adequate theoretical basis for welding test and lay the foundation of optimizing the process and method of surfacing welding. Through the methods of combining theoretical research and experimental verification,under the premise that meet tube sheet properties and strength of materials and related technical requirements,which reduce test cost and time and shorten manufacturing cycle and the methods have guiding significance for establishment of welding procedure.

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Gao, Wei, and Cong Chen. "Analysis on Microstructure and Properties of Plasma Welding Joint with Surfaced Cobalt - Based Alloy Layer." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.480.

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The microstructure and microhardness of plasma welding (PAW) joint with surfacing welded cobalt-based alloy have been investigated by using Optical microscope (OP) ,X-ray, scanning electron microscope (SEM),and microhardness testing. The results show that the surfacing layer microstructure is made up of the dendrite (γ-Co) and eutectic (γ-Co+M7C3). The microhardness decreases from surfacing layer to substrate. The highest hardness on the surfacing layer obtains with 550HV up. The fusion zone’s and substrate’s microhardness is about 380HVand 280HV respectively.

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Zhao, Yu Ping, and Yu Hai Xu. "Multi-Layer Metal Matrix Alloy Surfacing Composite Material Fusion Research on the 45Mn-Austenitic Stainless Steel-(Cr-Ni) System." Advanced Materials Research 813 (September 2013): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.813.148.

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This article in view of the 45Mn-austenitic stainless steel-(Cr-Ni) system composed of metal alloy surfacing multilayer composite materials of the fusion mechanism research, through the hardness testing, impact test and analysis of the abrasion resistance testing, the results show that: Cr-Ni surfacing welding metal alloy system has good abrasion resistance, but the fusion welding the gender is poorer, as long as the matrix in martensite properly morphology of carbon dioxide, its hardness &abrasion resistance may achieve in, high carbon equivalent to achieve performance, show that the alloy elements Mn composite materials plays an important role in improving the wear resistance. Then define the matrix with 45Mn as metal materials, with austenitic stainless steel as sandwich bond, Cr-Ni system alloy metal as surfacing welding surface layer, a new multi-level composite material with excellent comprehensive performance. For multilayer compound material field research provides a theoretical basis.

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Ciokan, Radosław, and Michał Urbańczyk. "The Development of a Technology of the Laser-Based Welding of Butt Joints in Composite Tubes." Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa, no. 1 (February 2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2021.1/2.

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The article presents the results concerning the development of a technology combining laser welding and hybrid surfacing enabling the making of butt joints in composite tube grades Sanicro 38/4L7 and 3R12/4L7. The tests involved the determination of the parameters of the laser welding of tube grade 4L7 and the hybrid surfacing of the external layer of tube grade Sanicro 38 and 3R12. The article also presents the results of the macro and microscopic tests of the joints.

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23

Shukla, Dinesh Kumar, and Sunil Pandey. "Dilution Control by Advanced Submerged Arc Welding." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 1737–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.1737.

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Dilution is a vital element in surfacing and depends on the difference in chemical composition between the weld and the parent metal, the welding process and the technique used. Metal surfacing is becoming the natural choice for reducing the consumption of expensive raw materials, processing cost and proper resource utilization. Mechanical as well as the metallurgical properties are greatly influenced by the degree of dilution. The advanced submerged arc welding (ASAW) process controls the response parameters independently and breaks the fixed relationship between the wire feed rate (W) and the welding current (I). A study was conducted to investigate the effect of process variables on the dilution during the process. The preheating of the electrode wire used in Submerged Arc Welding process (SAW) for surfacing application was done with the modification in the existing setup. Stainless steel 308L electrode wire was used on mild steel substrate to study the effect of preheating on the dilution. The results show that ASAW process controls and significantly reduces the percent dilution as compared with the conventional SAW process. ASAW process reduces the heat input, use of consumables and increased productivity, is the added advantages over the conventional process.

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Lankin, Yu N., and V. G. Soloviov. "Information-measuring system for arc welding and surfacing." Paton Welding Journal 2016, no. 11 (November 28, 2016): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2016.11.06.

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Chen, Jia, Guoqing Gou, Zhongyin Zhu, and Wei Gao. "Rail surfacing repairing technique with self-shielded flux-cored wires." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 01n03 (December 30, 2019): 2040056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220400561.

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A newly self-protecting flux-cored wire was used for simulated U75V rail repairing and five welding process parameters were applied. The influence of welding parameter on the hardness and microstructure of the wire and solder layers was investigated. The single-pass welding process with different preheating parameters and post-treatment parameters were also taken into research. The results showed that the welding process parameters have a significant influence on the weld quality, and mismatched parameters will increase the welding defects. The number of welding layers has a great influence on the hardness and structure. Increasing preheating temperature and a post-heat treatment at a high-temperature can enhance the hardening effect.

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SHINODA, Takeshi, and Hiroaki TAKEGAMI. "Surfacing Process by Application of Friction Welding." Journal of the Japan Welding Society 73, no. 6 (2004): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws1943.73.460.

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Lebedev, V. A. "Controlling penetration in mechanized welding and surfacing." Welding International 26, no. 6 (June 2012): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2011.606162.

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Gruszka, W. "Surfacing and welding using cored wire electrodes." Welding International 3, no. 6 (January 1989): 492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507118909446596.

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Nefedov, B. B., and V. P. Lyalyakin. "Development of plasma welding and surfacing abroad." Welding International 12, no. 9 (January 1998): 736–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507119809452045.

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Fang, Chenfu, Yong Chen, Zhidong Yang, Jiayou Wang, Mingfang Wu, and Kai Qi. "Cable-type welding wire submerged arc surfacing." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 249 (November 2017): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.05.020.

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Istomin, A. B., I. V. Lizunov, V. O. Dmitriev, and V. B. Kozlov. "Methods of restoring parts in repairs." Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic), no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2106-05.

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The article presents the review of the main methods of restoration and repair of machine parts: mechanical and bench work, welding, surfacing, metal coating, chrome plating, nickel plating, steeling (iron plating), bonding, hardening the surface of parts and restoring their shape under pressure. The areas of application of each method, its advantages and disadvantages are noted. Welding and surfacing are used to restore more than half of all repaired car parts. With the help of welding, cracks and fractures on the frame and platform are repaired, patches, various overlays and reinforcing gussets are put, and the crankcases of the units are restored. Damaged or worn threads on stub axles and other parts are restored by welding, followed by cutting a new thread. The internal threads are restored in the same way. Restoration of parts by surfacing consists in surfacing the worn working surfaces in such a way that they can be processed to the nominal or repair dimensions. When repairing cars, automatic and semi-automatic surfacing and welding under a layer of flux or in a carbon dioxide environment are used. Damaged and worn parts can be repaired by pressure. This method is based on the use of the ductility of metals. The parts are restored to their nominal dimensions with the help of special devices, by moving a part of the metal from non-working areas of the part to its worn surfaces. When restoring parts by pressure, not only their external shape changes, but also the structure and mechanical properties of the metal. Plastics are used to restore worn parts when repairing metal-cutting machines. As an adhesive, plastics are widely used for bonding broken parts, as well as for obtaining a fixed connection of parts made of metallic and non-metallic materials. When repairing metal-cutting machines, the most widely used plastics are textolite, wood laminated plastics and fast-hardening plastic — styracryl.

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Krupin, Aleksandr Evgenjevich. "The rationale for the hardening the teeth of harrows manual welding." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i11pp92-95.

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The article presents an algorithm to justify the feasibility of hardening the teeth of harrows by surfacing and the results of its implementation. In particular, based on existing methods, it is proposed to determine the cost of materials, the wages of the worker, carried out surfacing, the cost of electricity for surfacing, as well as the overhead per one tooth harrow hardened by the proposed method. The number of deposited teeth of harrows and teeth without hardening is determined, which will require replacement upon transition to the limiting state. Based on the results obtained, cost savings were found for the purchase of teeth requiring replacement during the year on one harrow and in the whole enterprise.

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Zhang, Yuan Bin, and Yao Wu Shi. "Study on the Carbides and the Interface Bonding in Surfacing Welding Metal." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1692.

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The interface bonding between the carbides and the solid solution matrix is studied in surfacing welding metal of Fe-Nb-Ti-V-C alloy system. Both the quenched welding droplets and the deposited metal are investigated by means of SEM and TEM. In the deposited metal, the carbides are dispersed, and the matrix is low carbon martensite. According to welding metallurgical characteristics, it is deduced that the carbides are formed during the droplets stage and then transmit into the welding pool. When the welding pool solidify, the carbides serve as nucleation site, so the interface between the carbides and the matrix is clean and free from other reactants. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis reveals that the mismatch between the two phase is δ= (6.1~8.3)%, and there exist a crystal parallel relationship at the interface: (002)α-Fe // (220)(NbTiV)C. The metallurgical bonding between the carbides and the matrix favors to prevent the carbides to detach from the matrix during wear process, so the surfacing welding metal can achieve good wear-resistance.

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Saraev, Yuriy N., Valeriy P. Bezborodov, and Evgenya A. Putilova. "The Influence of Pulsed Heat and Power Supply on the Structure and Properties of Welded Joint Metals and Surfaced Coatings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 788 (August 2015): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.788.259.

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We have investigated the influence of the modes of adaptive pulse-arc welding and surfacing on the structure and physical-mechanical properties of welded joints of steel 09Mn2Si and the surfaced composition of this steel coated with a modified powder material of chromium carbide with the submicrocrystalline structure. It is shown that the pulsed mode of welding and surfacing can improve the homogeneity of the structure of the welded joint of steel and a surfaced coating and reduce the grain size of metals in both of them. Structural changes lead to an increase in ductility and toughness of the weld metal.

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Zhang, Moyun, Shihai He, Boyan Jiang, Xuming Yao, and Kui Zhang. "The Study on Feasibility and Welding Characteristics of GMAW Surfacing Remanufacturing of H13 Steel Cutter Ring of TBM Hob." Coatings 11, no. 12 (December 18, 2021): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11121559.

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As H13 steel is a common material for cutters of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM), the research on surfacing remanufacturing performance is of great value. In this paper, the phase composition of the surfacing layer of H13 steel after gas metal arc welding (GMAW) was analyzed by exploring the precipitation of hard phase in the molten pool, and the microstructure evolution of the surfacing layer was revealed. Then, we carried out simulation modeling analysis on H13 steel surfacing remanufacturing. Results show that: (1) the surfacing layer is combined with the base metal by physical metallurgy without obvious defects such as pores, inclusions and cracks in the surfacing layer; (2) the hardness of the surfacing layer is 60 HRC, which is about 1.5 times of that of the base metal; (3) the stress is mainly concentrated in the arc starting and ending points, followed by the external constraints on both sides of the surfacing layer; (4) the deformation of surfacing layer is slight, which does not affect the forming quality of base metal, while the deformation of base metal is relatively severe. This paper verifies the feasibility of H13 steel remanufacturing from experimental and simulation, providing theoretical basis for future engineering practice.

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Zhu, Sheng, Fan Jun Meng, and De Ma Ba. "The Remanufacturing System Based on Robot MAG Surfacing." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.400.

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A remanufacturing system based on robot MAG surfacing has been developed recently. In this paper, the work principle, functions and composition of this system are introduced. A worn metal part to be remanufactured should be preprocessed firstly, and the defective model of the part gained by reversing engineering technology is compared with normal model of the metal part, then the prototyping path layout is carried out combined with MAG welding process, finally the remanufacturing prototyping is implemented. The remanufacturing system is composed of robotic system (as executing machine), 3D laser scanner (as reversing scanning device), digital pulse MAG welding power source (as prototyping equipment), desk computer (as central control unit) and software modules that support various functions. The functions of the remanufacturing system comprise calibration of system, part reversing measurement, data processing, defective model reconstruction, welding remanufacturing prototyping path layout and etc. It is indicated that the exploitation of the remanufacturing system will provide an effective way for the remanufacturing of metal defective parts.

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Pu, Juan, Zhipeng Li, Qingxian Hu, and Yuxin Wang. "Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and wear resistance of high manganese steel surfacing layer." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 01n03 (January 30, 2019): 1940035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219400356.

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The high manganese steel surfacing layer was deposited on Q235 steel by flux-cored wire gas shielded welding. The as-welded surfacing layer was heated at 1050[Formula: see text]C and quenched in the water, then was tempered at 300[Formula: see text]C. The microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of as-welded surfacing layer and that after heat treatment were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that compared with the as-welded surfacing layer, a large number of fine carbides dispersed in the austenite matrix for the surfacing layer after heat treatment. Meanwhile, the hardness and wear resistance of surfacing layer were slightly improved. The furrow in the abrasive wear for surfacing layer was shallower. Under the action of work hardening, the hardness of high manganese steel surfacing layer gradually increased while the loss weight decreased with the wear time less than 30 min. The hardness of surfacing layer reached the maximum and the loss weight of wear remained unchanged when the wear time was 30–60 min.

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Urbańczyk, Michał. "Hybrid Surfacing: Laser + MAG Electric Arc." Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa, no. 6 (December 2020): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2020.6/2.

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The article discusses technological tests involving the use of the hybrid process (laser + electric arc (MAG)) for the efficient application of layers (surfacing). The objective of the tests was to determine the effect of an additional welding power source (laser beam) on the possibility of increasing a surfacing rate (in comparison with surfacing rates obtainable using the MAG method) as well as on the formation (shaping) of the overlay weld geometry and the degree of dilution (of the base material in the overly weld). The technological tests of the hybrid (HLAW (laser + MAG)) surfacing process involved the use of steel grade 41Cr4 and filler metal grade LNM 307.

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Razmyshlyaev, Alexander D., Marina V. Ahieieva, and Elena V. Lavrova. "Magnetic Properties of Materials Used in Electric Arc Welding and Surfacing." Materials Science Forum 938 (October 2018): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.938.33.

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It was experimentally established earlier that the increment of the electrode wire melting coefficient at submerged arc welding and surfacing with magnetic fields action (with equal parameters of the welding mode) depends on the chemical composition of the wires. It is suggested that this effect depends on the magnetic properties of the welding materials, i.e. electrode wire and base metal. To measure the magnetic properties of welding materials, a method has been developed in which the magnetic properties of welding materials on samples are investigated. The samples were made in the form of tori, on which the primary and secondary windings were placed. The primary circuit contains an ammeter and a voltmeter, as well as a wattmeter that allows to take into account losses in the sample on hysteresis and Foucault currents, and the secondary circuit contains a voltmeter. Experimental data on the magnetic properties of some welding and surfacing wires, as well as of base metals, are obtained. A simplified method is proposed, in which torus samples are also used, but on which only one winding is placed, over which a direct current is flowed. The value of the increment of the electrode wire melting coefficient at arc welding with the action of magnetic fields increases with increasing their magnetic permeability.

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LUO, JIAN. "A NEW MIXED-INTEGRATED APPROACH TO CONTROL AND IMPROVED WELDED QUALITY OR SURFACING LAYER PROPERTY IN THREE GAS SHIELD ARC WELDING PROCESSES." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 07, no. 01 (June 2008): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686708001310.

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This article introduces three new electromagnetic field control welding and the surface welding technique, namely the gas shield metal arc surfacing technique with electromagnetic stirring and electromagnetic treating (EMS-EMT), the gas shield arc welding technique with dual-frequency electromagnetic field controlling (DF-EMS), and the electromagnetic stirring electrogas arc welding technique (EMS-EGW). The principles and characteristics of three welding processes are explained. The engineering application, basic research direction and development of these welding techniques are pointed out and discussed in this article.

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Lankin, Yu N., and V. G. Soloviov. "Information-measuring system for arc welding and surfacing." Автоматическая сварка 2016, no. 11 (November 28, 2016): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/as2016.11.06.

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Zhang, Yu Feng, Min Rui Li, and Jian Cheng Wang. "Study on Surfacing Technics of 18CrNiWA Engine Crankshaft Surfacing Welding with Flux-Cored Wire." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.246.

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It discussed repairing the worn engine crankshaft with chromium series metal powder-cored wire. The Mo, Mn, V, Ti metal powder and the SiC ultrafine particles, WC nanopowder added in chromium series metal powder-cored wire. That made the surfacing layer obtained high bonding strength, high hardness, and obtained high fracture toughness. The result indicated the SiC ultrafine particles/WC nanopowder could promotion the in-situ reaction in the surfacing layer, formed the dissemination strengthening, the melting strengthening and so on multi-mechanism strengthening effect. SiC and the metal matrix was not merely the mechanical bond, the partial regions were by the chemical bond. That realized in the structure continuity. And the repaired crankshaft surface wear-resisting disposition enhanced 24% than the original.

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Zhu, S., Qi Wei Wang, F. L. Yin, Y. Y. Liang, and L. Chen. "Influence of Alternative Magnetic Field Frequency on Microstructure and Properties of Surfacing Welding Layer of Aluminum Alloy." Materials Science Forum 697-698 (September 2011): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.697-698.351.

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In order to optimize the MIG welding procedure of aluminum alloy with longitudinal magnetic field and improve the mechanical property, effect of longitudinal magnetic field frequency on microstructure and properties of surfacing layer were investigated. The results show that when the additional longitudinal magnetic field was introduced into welding process, grain was refined, the wear resistance and tensile strength of the surfacing layer were improved as longitudinal magnetic field frequency increased. When frequency of magnetic field is 20 Hz and exciting current is 15 A, effect of grain refining is the best and the mechanical property is the highest. But when exciting current continue to increase, grain became coarse and the mechanical property decreased. So it is concluded that grain was refined and the mechanical property of the surfacing layer were improved under longitudinal magnetic field. But magnetic field frequency has an optimal value; otherwise grain refining and the mechanical property can’t achieve the best effect.

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Poloskov, S. S. "Problems of weld overlay of seating surfaces of pipe fitting and solutions." Vestnik of Don State Technical University 19, no. 4 (January 3, 2020): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/1992-5980-2019-19-4-349-356.

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Introduction. A problem of providing the necessary functions of pipe fitting for blockage, control, distribution of the working medium flows under the most adverse operating conditions of oil and gas pipelines associated with abrasive particles, mechanical impurities, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and organic acids with sulfate-reducing bacteria, is considered.Materials and Methods. High performance properties of seating surfaces of pipe fittings are provided through anticorrosive plating of alloyed and high-alloyed metals based on iron with the addition of chromium, nickel, cobalt and niobium. The basic weld overlay methods are analyzed: metalarc welding, nonconsumable and consumable-electrode weld facing in shielding gases, submerged arc surfacing. Advantages and disadvantages of surfacing methods implemented in recent years are noted: laser, plasma-powder and plasma-arc methods.Research Results. Taking into account the automation capabilities, a high-tech process of robotic anticorrosive surfacing using a consumable electrode with an additional filler metal feed to the front welding puddle for shielding the thermal effect of the arc, is proposed. Industrial application of the proposed technology requires a set of studies related to assessing the effect of technological parameters on the quality of the deposited layers to provide the required operational characteristics of the fitting.Discussion and Conclusion. It is proposed to carry out the above studies using physical and mathematical modeling of the anticorrosive surfacing, which reduces the time and number of experiments. Therefore, the primary task is to develop a mathematical model of the surfacing process with a consumable electrode with an additional filler wire and transverse vibrations of the welding burner. Such a model should virtually reproduce the surfacing process, as well as its thermal cycle followed by calculating the ratio of the structural components of the deposited metal and the substrate metal. The system of equations of the model should be solved by a special computer program. The algorithm presented for solving this class of problems will allow us to make a sound connection of the technological parameters of the surfacing process and the quality parameters of the formation of the deposited layers, to determine the program for their optimization to provide the required operational properties of pipeline fitting.

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Xie, Shuang Xian, Yu Feng Zhang, You Hua Ding, Si Jun You, and Yang Hong. "Study of the Craft and Properties on Cr/WC System Hardfacing Alloy with Flux-Cored Wire." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.366.

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A wear-proof Cr/WC system surfacing alloy with flux-cored wire was developed by using a carbon dioxide gas shielded welding method. The wear-resisting property of the surfacing alloy was studied by analyzing the average hardness, the abrasion weight loss and the microstructure of the surfacing layer. At the same time, the influence rule of the alloying element in the flux core such as Cr , WC, Mo and V on the hardness and wear resistance of the surfacing layer was discussed systematically. Thereby the optimum concentration of alloying element was confirmed. The results show that when the content of Cr chemical element as 5.5%~6.0%, the content of WC powder is 3.9%~4.2%, the content of Mo is 1.6%, and the content of V is limited in 3.2%, the matching of the Cr/WC surfacing alloy with flux-cored wire is suitable, and the hardness and wear resistance of the surfacing layer is preferable.

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Egerland, Stephan, Johannes Zimmer, Roland Brunmaier, Roland Nussbaumer, Gerhard Posch, and Bernd Rutzinger. "Advanced Gas Tungsten Arc Weld Surfacing Current Status and Application." Soldagem & Inspeção 20, no. 3 (September 2015): 300–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-9224/si2003.05.

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Abstract Gas Shielded Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) – a process well-known providing highest quality weld results joined though by lower performance. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is frequently chosen to increase productivity along with broadly accepted quality. Those industry segments, especially required to produce high quality corrosion resistant weld surfacing e.g. applying nickel base filler materials, are regularly in consistent demand to comply with "zero defect" criteria. In this conjunction weld performance limitations are overcome employing advanced 'hot-wire' GTAW systems. This paper, from a Welding Automation perspective, describes the technology of such devices and deals with the current status is this field – namely the application of dual-cathode hot-wire electrode GTAW cladding; considerably broadening achievable limits.

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Nezhivlyak, Dmitry, Andrey Nezhivlyak, and Maria Grechneva. "Electric Arc Surfacing of Defective Plots of Rails in the Area of Electrocontact Welded Joint." MATEC Web of Conferences 297 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929701004.

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One of the main causes for the failure of the rails of a continuous joint made by electric contact welding is defects in collapse and wear in the joint zone. We address the usage of electric arc surfacing to repair defective rails. The structure and hardness are studied of the defective areas of rails recovered by electric arc surfacing performed in one and two layers. Static tests and fatigue tests of pilot samples of rails with eliminated defects were carried out. The pilot samples with defects eliminated by electric arc surfacing meet the criteria of static strength to the same degree as the rail samples without surfacing. The surfacing technology that we examined should be adjusted by applying preheating to reduce the cooling rate of metal in the weld zone. Fatigue tests showed a positive effect from surfacing at the wear sites in the welded joint. Performance tests confirm that electric arc surfacing is promising to eliminate defects in the collapse and wear of the rails in the area of the electric contact welded joint.

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Yu, Ke Long. "Study on the Structure of the Alloy Welding Mold and the Welding Specifications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.208.

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ordinary carbon steel hardness and life is difficult to achieve blanking dies and drawing dies requirements. In the surfacing alloy steel and alloy steel base can improve the surface hardness and durability of the mold. To reduce the use of electric arc welding carbide decomposition and burn in the shielding gas . Welding mold base structure to meet the requirements of the welding . Mold heat treatment after welding specifications and hardness to meet the processing requirements and use of strength requirements. Welding process design mold substrate heating requirements and the requirements of the solder layer thickness and the thickness between layers allocation.

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Zhao, Guo Ji, Qian Luo, Xiang Jie Wang, and Jian Luo. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on MAG Surfacing Deposited with Electro-Magnetic Stirring Controlling." Advanced Materials Research 102-104 (March 2010): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.102-104.407.

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Numerical simulation and deposited experiment of MAG welding are carried out on the conditions of Electro-Magnetic Stirring (EMS) in this paper. Based on the research of EMS welding arc action, a simple EMS-MAG welding Gaussian distribution model using whole heat flux density is established, which MAG welding arc and droplet transfer are regarded as one integrated system. The important additional magnetic field parameter in EMS-MAG surfacing deposited welding is considered in this model. The computer-aided arc measurement system is used to analyze the effects of additional magnetic field in MAG welding. Effects of excitation current on welding penetration and width are analyzed by deposited experiments. Many deposited experiments are used to adjust model parameters and verify the simulation results. By defining key parameter and optimizing the model on the basis of experimental data, it can improve the simulation accuracy effectively. The results show that the established Gaussian distribution model can be used to simulate EMS-MAG welding process.

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Egerland, S., J. Zimmer, R. Brunmaier, R. Nussbaumer, G. Posch, and B. Rutzinger. "Advanced gas tungsten arc welding (surfacing) current status and application." Paton Welding Journal 2016, no. 3 (March 28, 2016): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2016.03.01.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Welding and surfacing'

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