Relevant bibliographies by topics / Weirs

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Weirs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Weirs"

1

Yousif, Omed S. Q., and Moses Karakouzian. "Effect of Corner Shape on Hydraulic Performance of One-Cycle Rectangular Labyrinth Weirs." Fluids 5, no. 3 (July 20, 2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5030117.

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The hydraulic performance of rectangular labyrinth weirs has been investigated by many researchers, however, the effects of the corner shape on the hydraulic performance of rectangular labyrinth weirs have not been addressed in the current literature. Accordingly, this experimental study aims to explore the effect of the corner shape of on discharge efficiency of rectangular labyrinth weirs. Five flat-crested rectangular labyrinth weirs, with five different corner shapes, were made of High-Density Polyethylene Plastic (HDPE) and tested in a rectangular flume. Under different overflow discharges, the discharge coefficients for the rectangular labyrinth weirs were determined. The results showed that the shape of corners for rectangular labyrinth weirs was an effective factor. For example, rounding or beveling the corners can significantly increase the discharge capacity of the rectangular labyrinth weirs. However, the rounded corner shape was slightly better than the beveled corner shape. Among all labyrinth weir models tested in this study, the rectangular labyrinth weir with a semi-circular apex showed the highest hydraulic efficiency, while the one with an acute-angle corner shape showed the lowest hydraulic efficiency. For the rectangular labyrinth weir having a semi-circular shape, although the original effective length reduced by about 14%, the discharge coefficient, CL, increased by 16.7% on average. For the rectangular labyrinth weir that has an acute-angle corner shape, although the effective length (LC) of the weir increased by 23%, its discharge capacity decreased by 35.2% on average. Accordingly, improper folding of the side-walls of the rectangular labyrinth weir led to a significant reduction in the weir’s hydraulic performance.
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2

Ghazizadeh, Farhad, and M. Azhdary Moghaddam. "An Experimental and Numerical Comparison of Flow Hydraulic Parameters in Circular Crested Weir Using Flow3D." Civil Engineering Journal 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2016-00000010.

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Circular crested weirs consist of a circular crested of upstream and downstream walls. These weirs are widely used in hydraulic engineering as water discharge structures and can be used to control water level in channels and tanks. In the present study, using Flow3D software, hydraulic properties were investigated to find weir geometry optimization through CFD method. Also, this study attempted to investigate flow on some sections of circular crested weirs in 3 groups and 11 models. Upstream and downstream slope changes as well as the height of the weir were also studied. To validate the model, laboratory models were used. In the research, flow depth parameters on crest, pressure distribution, velocity distribution, energy loss on circular crested weirs, as well as the height and changes of upstream and downstream slope were evaluated. Flow depth on the body of circular crest in this state is about 0.71 (H1). Upstream slope changes on flow depth on the weir’s crest revealed that increasing upstream slope causes to the increase of flow relative depth (H1/R) on the crest about 62%. Downstream changes in H1/R values less than 0.7 have no significant effect on discharge coefficient; however, increasing H1/R values seems to cause more change in slope.
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Emiroglu, M. "Estimating Flow Characteristics of Different Weir Types and Optimum Dimensions of Downstream Receiving Pool." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10098-010-0023-z.

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Estimating Flow Characteristics of Different Weir Types and Optimum Dimensions of Downstream Receiving PoolThis paper presents the results of a laboratory study on the flow characteristics of sharp-crested weirs, broad-crested weirs, and labyrinth weirs. The variation of the maximum bubble penetration depth for different weir types is investigated depending on overfall jet expansion, discharge, and drop height. Moreover, most efficient depth, length and width of the downstream receiving pool in an open channel system are studied by considering the penetration depth, overfall jet expansion, jet trajectory and the bubble zone. The results show that overfall jet expansion at the labyrinth weirs is significantly wider than the rectangular sharp-crested weirs and the trapezoidal sharp-crested weir. It is demonstrated that the labyrinth weirs have the lowest values of bubble penetration depth among the weirs tested. Furthermore, it is found that the rectangular and the trapezoidal weirs are observed to have the highest bubble penetration depth among all weirs. Consequently, empirical equations are obtained for predicting the maximum penetration depth of bubbles, trajectory of free overfall nappe, jet expansion of free overfall nappe, and the length of the bubble zone.
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Hussain, Ruqiya Abed, Sawsan Abdullah Hassan, and Asmaa Abdul Jabbar Jamel. "Experimental Study on Flow over Triangular Labyrinth Weirs." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 17, no. 2 (April 27, 2022): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.170211.

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Recently, many research studies have focused on labyrinth weirs' hydraulic performance, especially as dependent on engineering features. In the current study, the hydraulic properties of flow over labyrinth triangular weirs models (from the upper perspective) with sharp crest have been experimentally studied and compare their efficiency with suppressed rectangular weirs (conventional weirs). Twelve fiberglass models are developed for this reason and tested in a 6m in length, 30cm in width, and 40cm height in laboratory flume, nine models were constructed for triangular labyrinth weirs and three models were constructed for suppressed rectangular weirs, Three alternative heights (p=15, 20, and 25cm) were employed in this research, for each height, the vertex angle (θ) changed three times (60օ, 90օ, 120օ), and for each one of these weirs was used, seven different discharge were approved. The overall tests in this study were 84. The dimensionless parameters on which the discharge coefficient (Cd) is dependent were obtained using dimensional analysis. parameters were plotted. According to this experimental present study, as compared to linear weirs, labyrinth triangular weirs shown to be more hydraulically efficient. Also, the height of the weir (P) has effects on the discharge coefficient, where (Cd) increased with decreasing (P). Also, the vertex angle of triangular labyrinth weirs(θ) has a major influence on discharge coefficient and on weir performance, where the discharge coefficient raises when decreases the value of angle(θ), in another means, when the angle decreases gave an increase in the path of the flow, where it gave the triangular labyrinth weir with an angle of 60o the discharge coefficient reached its greatest value (2.55), followed by the weir with an angle of 90o and 120o respectively. In other words (a small vertex angle gives more length effective (Le) to the weir) and this leads to an increase in flow capacity or performance for the weir.
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Yousif, Omed S. Q., Kawa Z. Abdulrahman, Wazira Qadir, Ahang S. Ali, and Moses Karakouzian. "Characteristics of Flow over Rectangular Labyrinth Weirs with Round Corners." Hydrology 8, no. 4 (October 18, 2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8040158.

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The hydraulic performance of round-cornered rectangular labyrinth weirs with varying weir heights and effective lengths has not been explored in the existing literature to the authors’ knowledge. The purpose of this experimental study was to see how the height and effective length of round-cornered rectangular labyrinth weirs affect their discharge efficiency. Nine flat-crested rectangular labyrinth weirs made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were tested in a rectangular flume under various discharges to fulfill the goals of this study. The discharge coefficients for the weirs were then calculated. The hydraulic efficiency of weirs with round corners increases as the weir height (P) increases, according to the findings; however, with effective length of the weir to channel width ratios (LC/B) ≤ 1.78, the effect of the weir height diminishes. For the HT/P ranges used in this study, 0.1 ≤ HT/P ≤ 0.65, the round-cornered rectangular labyrinth weirs with higher LC/B ratios (greater M values) showed improved hydraulic efficiency. Furthermore, the effects of the round-cornered rectangular labyrinth weirs’ headwater inflation can be mitigated by increasing the effective length of the weirs;by increasing M values (LC/B ratios). Using multiple linear regression analysis, a satisfactory correlation equation was found between discharge coefficients of round-cornered rectangular labyrinth weirs, CB, and the other parameters, LC, P, and h.
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Kılıç, Zeyneb. "Geometric and Hydraulic Properties of Arced Labyrinth Weirs." International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 12, no. 02 (April 2, 2022): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/v.12.2.4.

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Weirs serve a critical role in dam safety. Numerous reservoirs' flood projections used in hydraulic design have risen in magnitude in recent years. As a result, many current spillways are no longer adequate since they do not fulfill current discharge capacity standards. Labyrinth weirs are frequently used to rehabilitate existing fixed width spillways. Weirs come in a variety of shapes and sizes, including labyrinth, linear, piano key, and more. Labyrinth weirs enhance the weir crest length for a given width, which increases the weir flow capacity. The majority of labyrinth weirs are designed in linear designs. An Arced cycle layout can boost the discharge capacity and hydraulic efficiency of a labyrinth weir. The article cites an arced geometric layout for labyrinth weirs, as well as nomenclature for arcspecific geometric variables. Experimental studies in the literature are presented by discussing and comparing.
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A, Abo A. "Performance Against Cavity Index and Discharge Coefficient between Broad and Sharp Crested Weirs." Polytechnic Journal 12, no. 1 (August 18, 2022): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v12n1y2022.pp103-107.

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The purpose of this research is examining the performance of rectangular broad and sharp crested weirs in terms of cavity index and discharge coefficient. For this purpose, a computational fluid dynamics CFD code FLUENT is applied. Firstly, the code verified by applies on the experiments work of Hagre et al 1994 the results show excellent agreements between CFD and Hager et al 1994. Secondly the code applied on both broad and sharp crested weirs. The results demonstrate that broad crested weirs have a lower discharge coefficient than sharp crested weirs, implying that broad crested weirs have a lower ability to discharge flow than sharp crested weirs. While the cavity index of a broad crested weir is lower than that of a sharp crested weir, the risk of cavitation is lower for a broad crested weir. Finally, designers should use caution when deciding which type of crest to use in their designs.
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Rezazadeh, Shiva, Mohammad Manafpour, and Hamze Ebrahimnejadian. "Three-Dimensional Simulation of Flow Over Sharp-Crested Weirs Using Volume of Fluid Method." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2020-0012.

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AbstractIn sharp crested weirs, significant changes occur in the hydraulic characteristics of the flow past the weirs with different geometry. A detailed investigation and better understanding of hydraulic behavior will help practically to choose an appropriate geometry for weir. The purpose of this research is simulate the flow over sharp crested weir and investigate the effect of geometric shapes of sharp crested weirs on hydraulic characteristics of the flow such as pressure, velocity, water level profiles and discharge coefficients. Thus the limitation and usage range of sharp crested weirs are clarified. In this research OpenFOAM open source 3D software with RNG K-ε turbulence model and Volume of Fluid method (VOF) was used to analyze the hydraulic flow passing through sharp crested weir. The correlation coefficient for flow Surface profiles and discharge coefficients among numerical and experimental data is obtained 0.96 for different discharge rates. In the present research, discharge coefficients for rectangular weirs with compression coefficient 0%, trapezoidal and triangular weirs are determined 1.20, 0.68 and 0.51 respectively using discharge rate of 0.05183m3/s. The maximum discharge coefficient is obtained for rectangular sharp crested weir while the triangular sharp crested weir has minimum discharge coefficient.
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Emiroglu, M. Emin, and Ahmet Baylar. "Experimental Study of the Influence of Different Weir Types on the Rate of Air Entrainment." Water Quality Research Journal 38, no. 4 (November 1, 2003): 769–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2003.048.

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Abstract Aeration is used in water treatment to alter the concentration of dissolved gases, to strip volatile organics, and to reduce tastes and odours. This can be obtained by creating turbulence in the water. One method of producing such turbulence is via the overflow jets downstream of weir structures. This paper investigates the effect of varying weir types on the air entrainment rate. Empirical correlations predicting the maximum penetration depth and air entrainment rate were developed for different weir types. It is demonstrated that the air entrainment rate of the broad-crested weirs is generally much better than for the sharp-crested weir and the labyrinth weirs. The air entrainment rate increased as the weir longitudinal slope of the broad-crested weirs and the weir sill slope of the labyrinth weirs became larger.
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Tian, Zhong, Wei Wang, Ruidi Bai, and Nan Li. "Effect of Flaring Gate Piers on Discharge Coefficient for Finite Crest-Length Weirs." Water 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2018): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101349.

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The use of flaring gate piers (FGPs) along with finite crest-length weirs changes the shape of plunging jets and increases the efficiency of energy dissipation in some projects; however, the FGPs may affect the discharge capacity. In this study, the flow pattern and discharge coefficient were experimentally investigated under different conditions by varying the weir lengths Lw, contraction ratio β, contraction angle θ, and water heads H. A comparative analysis of the weirs with and without FGPs was performed. For the finite crest-length weirs with FGPs, the water-surface profiles in the flow channel were backwater curves. Moreover, the plunging jets leaving the weir became narrower and then subsequently diffused largely in the transverse and longitudinal directions in air. The discharge coefficients of the weirs with FGPs were approximately equal for various weir lengths. Moreover, following the earlier studies on traditional finite crest-length weirs, a discharge-coefficient equation was developed for the weir with an FGP in this study. The results showed that in the weirs with FGPs, the discharge coefficients clearly increased with the increase in the contraction ratio and water head, but the changes in their values along with the contraction angle were neglected.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Weirs"

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Nalder, Guinevere Vivianne. "Submerged Thin Plate Weirs With Unequal Upstream and Downstream Beds." The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2383.

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This thesis describes a short study to examine the behaviour of submerged flow over a thin plate weir with differing upstream and downstream bed levels i.e. an unequal bed weir as opposed to an equal bed weir where the upstream and downstream beds are at the same level. As submerged weir flow is a function of downstream conditions, it was thought that a lower downstream bed would make submerged flow over the weir easier, This is turn suggested that; The shape of the upstream head (Hu) vs downstream head (Hd) graph would change, being initially more steep in the unequal bed case. The Froude Number of the approaching flow would be lower for the unequal bed weir than for an equal bed weir at the same submergence. Using one of the existing submerged flow formula would lead to an erroneous calculated value. A series of measurements was done on two model weirs of different sizes subject to successive levels of submergence. Analysis of the readings of upstream and downstream heads indicated that the difference in bed levels was significant and the three effects above were noted. The work also suggested a new form of equation to calculate flow over a submerged weir. This was looked at briefly.
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Crookston, Brian Mark. "Labyrinth Weirs." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/802.

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Labyrinth weirs are often a favorable design option to regulate upstream water elevations and increase flow capacity; nevertheless, it can be difficult to engineer an optimal design due to the complex flow characteristics and the many geometric design variables of labyrinth weirs. This study was conducted to improve labyrinth weir design and analyses techniques using physical-model-based data sets from this and previous studies and by compiling published design methodologies and labyrinth weir information. A method for the hydraulic design and analyses of labyrinth weirs is presented. Discharge coefficient data for quarter-round and half-round labyrinth weirs are offered for sidewall angles of 6° to 35°. Cycle efficiency is also introduced to aid in sidewall angle selection. Parameters and hydraulic conditions that affect flow performance are discussed. The validity of this method is presented by comparing predicted results to data from previously published labyrinth weir studies. A standard geometric design layout for arced labyrinth weirs is presented. Insights and comparisons in hydraulic performance of half-round, trapezoidal, 6° and 12° sidewall angles, labyrinth weir spillways located in a reservoir with the following orientations are presented: Normal, Inverse, Projecting, Flush, Rounded Inlet, and Arced cycle configuration. Discharge coefficients and rating curves as a function of HT/P are offered. Finally, approaching flow conditions and geometric similitude are discussed; hydraulic design tools are recommended to be used in conjunction with the hydraulic design and analysis method. Nappe aeration conditions for trapezoidal labyrinth weirs on a horizontal apron with quarter- and half-round crests (sidewall angles of 6° to 35°) are presented as a design tool. This includes specified HT/P ranges, associated hydraulic behaviors, and nappe instability phenomena. The effects of artificial aeration (a vented nappe) and aeration devices (vents and nappe breakers) on discharge capacity are also presented. Nappe interference for labyrinth weirs is defined; the effects of nappe interference on the discharge capacity of a labyrinth weir cycle are discussed, including the parameterization of nappe interference regions to be used in labyrinth weir design. Finally, the applicability of techniques developed for quantifying nappe interference of sharp-crested corner weirs is examined.
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Yilmaz, Aslican Nazli. "Hydraulic Characteristics Of Tyrolean Weirs." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612780/index.pdf.

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Tyrolean type water-intake structures are widely used on mountain rivers to provide water to hydropower stations. The main concern encountered in these kinds of structures is the amount of water diverted from the main channel and sediment carried by this flow. The diverted flow should not be less than the design discharge of the hydropower station and the amount of the sediment entering the hydraulic system should be minimum. In this study a physical model of a Tyrolean weir was constructed at the Hydromechanics Laboratory and by varying the dimensions of the various components of this system
the length, the inclination angle of the rack and the distance between the rack bars, the amount of water and sediment entering the system were measured for a wide range of discharges. The experiments were conducted in two stages. In the first stage the tests were made with only water, and in the second stage, water and sediment having different gradation were used. Applying dimensional analysis to the related parameters of the system dimensionless terms were defined for water capture efficiency and discharge coefficient of the system, and their variations with the relevant parameters were plotted. Using these diagrams one can determine the amount of water to be diverted by a Tyrolean weir of known geometry and main channel flow.
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Solis, Suraye Rori. "Estimating Flow Through Rock Weirs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90401.

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Rock weirs are small dam-like structures composed of large loose rock commonly found in ecological engineering design. By appearing more natural than concrete structures, rock weirs are preferred for use as hydraulic control structures in river engineering, stormwater management, and constructed wetlands. Rock weirs increase hydraulic head upstream, and facilitate fish passage, channel stabilization, floodplain reconnection, and in-stream habitat creation. When used in constructed wetlands, rock weirs play a valuable role in developing appropriate wetland hydrology. Although rock weirs are commonly used, a deficit of knowledge exists relating to the stage-discharge relationship of these structures. Therefore, the goal of this research was to determine a weir equation and corresponding discharge coefficients that improve predictions of flow through rock weirs. A flume study was conducted to develop a rock weir equation and discharge coefficients. Scaled model rock weirs were tested in a 1 m x 8 m x 0.4 m recirculating flume. Rock weirs varied by length (0.152 m, 0.305 m, and 0.457 m), depth (0.152 m and 0.305 m), and minimum rock diameter (12.7 mm, 19.1 mm, 25.4 mm). Three channel slopes were used (0%, 0.5%, 1%), and the flume discharge was varied for five water stages for each rock weir. Buckingham Pi analysis was used to develop seven dimensionless parameters. Regression analyses were then used to develop a model for discharge and the discharge coefficient. Results showed that weir length and depth play a significant role in predicting the discharge coefficient of rock weirs.
Master of Science
Rock weirs are small dam-like structures composed of large loose rock; by appearing more natural, they are preferred for use in river engineering, stormwater management, and constructed wetlands. Rock weirs increase upstream water depth, improving fish passage, channel stabilization, floodplain reconnection, and in-stream habitat creation. When used in design of constructed wetlands, rock weirs are used to establish the necessary water depths for a given type of wetland. Although rock weirs are commonly used in engineering design, there are no equations to predict water velocity or flow rate across these structures. Therefore, the goal of this research was to determine a weir equation that improves predictions of flow through rock weirs. A flume study was conducted to develop a rock weir equation. Miniature rock weirs were tested in a 1 m x 8 m x 0.4 m recirculating laboratory channel. Rock weirs varied by length (0.152 m, 0.305 m, and 0.457 m), depth (0.152 m and 0.305 m), and minimum rock diameter (12.7 mm, 19.1 mm, 25.4 mm). Three channel slopes were used (0%, 0.5%, 1%), and the water flow rate was varied for five water depths for each rock weir. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine an equation that predicts water flow through rock weirs for use in engineering design. Results showed that weir length and depth played a significant role in predicting water flow through rock weirs.
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Tingey, Samuel Egnew. "Discharge Coefficients of Oblique Weirs." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1010.

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Oblique weirs are those weirs placed at an angle with respect to the channel centerline. They can be used in canal applications where more discharge is needed, but there is limited freeboard. The discharge coefficients were determined for 54 different weirs by measuring total head for various flows over each weir. These weirs included sharp, half round and quarter-round-crested weirs. There were 18 weirs for each crest shape with three weir heights for each angle tested. The oblique angles tested were 10°, 15°, 25°, 45°, 60°, and 90° with respect to the channel centerline, with the nominal weir heights being 4, 8, and 12 inches. The half-round-crested weirs were the most efficient, followed by the quarter-round-crested weirs and the sharp-crested weirs were the least efficient. By decreasing the oblique angle, the weir length became longer and the weir would be more efficient than the normal weir.
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Christensen, Nathan A. "Flow Characteristics of Arced Labyrinth Weirs." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1367.

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The need to accommodate larger reservoir discharge events has prompted the improvement or replacement of existing spillways. One possible spillway modification is the use of an in-reservoir arced labyrinth weir in place of a linear weir. Arced labyrinth weirs can increase crest length (more cycles) and have improved hydraulic efficiency in non-channelized approach flow applications, compared to traditional labyrinth weir applications. In this study, arced labyrinth weir flow characteristics were observed for eleven different laboratory-scale model geometries at the Utah Water Research Laboratory. Rating (Cd vs. HT/P) data and observations were recorded for each configuration, and discharge efficiency was determined. Cycle efficiency, which is representative of the discharge per cycle, was also reported.
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Thompson, Seth D. "Reservoir Applications of Arced Labyrinth Weirs." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7700.

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In recent years, magnitudes of flood estimates used in hydraulic design have increased for many reservoirs. Consequently, many existing spillways are now deficient as they do not meet current discharge capacity requirements. To rehabilitate existing, fixed-width spillways, labyrinth weirs are often viable solutions. For reservoir applications, arcing labyrinth weirs into the reservoir increases hydraulic efficiency. This results from better cycle orientation to the approaching flow field. This study supplements available arced labyrinth weir hydraulic data by observing flow characteristics of three laboratory-scale physical models and two numerical (CFD) models. Physical model results provide head (energy)-discharge data and empirical coefficients for hydraulic design. Results also show that increasing the arc angle improves efficiency at H/P<0.3, where H/P is upstream piezometric head divided by weir height; after which, efficiency improvements diminish as downstream submergence also increases. The purpose of the CFD analysis was to assess the appropriateness of CFD as a design tool for arced labyrinth weir head-discharge relationship development. The CFD model results found good agreement with the physical model data indicating CFD’s usefulness as a hydraulic design tool; however, it is recommended that CFD models be calibrated to reliable laboratory or field data. This study’s data may be used, with sound engineering judgement, to aid in hydraulic design of arced labyrinth weirs
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Baumgartner, Lee Jason, and n/a. "Effects of weirs on fish movements in the Murray-Darling Basin." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20051129.142046.

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Dams and weirs are widely implicated in large-scale declines in both the range and abundance of aquatic fauna. Although many factors are involved, such declines are commonly attributed to the prevention or reduction of migration, reductions in available habitat, alteration of natural flow regimes and changes to physicochemical characteristics. In Australia, studies into the ecological effects of these impacts are limited, and have concentrated mainly on species of recreational and commercial importance. Subsequently, the adverse effects of dams and weirs, and suitable methods of mitigation, remain largely unknown for many other taxa. Therefore, the major aim of this thesis is to investigate the ecological effects of dam and weir construction on previously unstudied migratory assemblages of fish and macroinvertebrates in the Murray-Darling Basin. It is anticipated that the results of these studies will feed back into improved management strategies that help arrest the previously observed declines of aquatic fauna. Initially, fish communities were sampled, by boat electrofishing, from both reference sites and downstream of Balranald and Redbank weirs on the lower reaches of the Murrumbidgee River, Australia. Sampling was stratified over large spatial and temporal scales to gain a comprehensive understanding of species most affected by the presence of these two barriers. In general, the weirs obstructed fish migrations during summer and autumn and many species of small-bodied fish such as Australian smelt, western carp gudgeon, fly-specked hardyhead and crimson-spotted rainbowfish accumulated downstream of Balranald Weir. In addition, downstream accumulations of juveniles of larger-bodied species such as bony herring, common carp and goldfish were also detected. Although many previous studies had either documented or hypothesised that upstream migrating fish accumulate downstream of migration barriers, none attempted to quantify the size of such populations. Therefore, a simple but efficient method to estimate the size of migratory populations was assessed at the Balranald Weir site. The application of two commonly used estimation techniques yielded relatively reliable results for seven species that accumulated downstream of the weir. Population size estimates were greatest for most species during summer and autumn, where accumulations as high as 800 fish per day were detected. The largest calculated population size estimates, in addition to the greatest temporal variation, of any individual species was observed in bony herring. Given the simplicity of the technique and the relative accuracy of population estimates, it was concluded that these methods could easily be applied to other weirs where the size of migratory populations is of particular interest. A study investigating the effects of Yanco Weir on the diets of three migratory percichthyid species, Murray cod, trout cod and golden perch was also conducted. Observed spatial variation in a number of trophic processes strongly implicated Yanco Weir as a major contributor to increased competition among percichthyid species on the Murrumbidgee River. The greater relative abundance of percichthyids from downstream samples, combined with increases in dietary overlap and a greater percentage of empty stomachs, also suggested percichthyids may be significantly affecting the relative abundance of potential prey items such as freshwater prawns and Australian smelt. These significant changes in dietary composition were likely related to migratory behaviour, as these species accumulated downstream of the weir, and could be readily expected at other sites where passage is obstructed. It was suggested that the construction of suitable fish passage facilities would effectively reduce the probability of migratory fish accumulating and, subsequently, potential effects of dams and weirs on trophic processes. Since it was established that dams and weirs of the Murrumbidgee River were significantly affecting migratory fish communities, an innovative but relatively inexpensive fishway design, the Deelder fish lock (after Deelder, 1958), was constructed and assessed for wider application throughout the Murray-Darling Basin. The Deelder lock was effective at mitigating the effects of Balranald Weir by providing passage for a wide range of size classes and species of fish; but importantly, the structure enabled the passage of most species previously observed to accumulate downstream of the structure. Most significant was the ability of the fish lock to pass substantial numbers of small-bodied fish, which were previously not considered migratory, suggesting that these species should be considered when developing options to mitigate the effects of other dams and weirs throughout the Murray-Darling Basin. A significant finding of this study was the realisation that substantially more species and size classes of Australian native fish are migratory than previously thought. Subsequently, it is recommended that, when designing facilities to mitigate the effects of a dam or weir, the structure of the entire migratory community is considered when developing operating parameters. Various options for mitigating the effects of dams and weirs are discussed, but it was concluded that the construction of effective fishways would be the most appropriate means of restoring migration pathways to Australian native fish. A strategic approach for assessing and adaptively mitigating the effects of dams and weirs is presented and discussed.
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Sisman, H. Cigdem. "Experimental Investigation On Sharp Crested Rectangular Weirs." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610919/index.pdf.

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Sharp crested rectangular weirs used for discharge measurement purposes in open channel hydraulics are investigated experimentally. A series of experiments were conducted by measuring discharge and head over the weir for different weir heights for full width weir. It is seen that after a certain weir height, head and discharge relation does not change. Hence a constant weir height is determined. For that height
discharge and head over the weir are measured for variable weir width, starting from the full width weir to slit weir. Description of the discharge coefficient valid for the full range of weir widths and an empirical expression involving dimensionless flow variables is aimed. Experimental data obtained for this purpose and the results of the regression analysis performed are represented.
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Gharahjeh, Siamak. "Experimental Investigation On Sharp Crested Rectangular Weirs." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614379/index.pdf.

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This study is an experimental research to formulate the discharge over sharp-crested rectangular weirs. Firstly, a series of measurements on different weir heights were conducted to find the minimum weir height for which channel bed friction has no effect on discharge capacity. After determining the appropriate weir height, weir width was reduced to collect data on discharge-water head over weir relationship for a variety of different weir openings. Then, the data was analyzed through regression analysis along with utilization of global optimization technique to reach the desired formulation for the discharge. By taking advantage of a newly-introduced &ldquo
weir velocity&rdquo
concept, a simple function was eventually detected for the discharge where no discharge coefficient was involved. The behavior of the weir velocity function obtained in the present study illustrates the transition between the fully contracted and partially contracted weirs. In addition, the proposed weir velocity formulation is simple and robust to calculate the discharge for full range of weir widths.
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Books on the topic "Weirs"

1

ill, Hayes Karel 1949, and Gorey John ill, eds. The Weirs. Portsmouth, NH: Jetty House, 2013.

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Huse, Warren D. The Weirs. Dover, N.H: Arcadia, 1996.

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H, Chanson, and Montes J. S, eds. Overflow characteristics of cylindrical weirs. St. Lucia: University of Queensland, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1997.

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Trust, Five Weirs Walk, ed. Five Weirs Walk, River Don, Sheffield. [Sheffield?]: [Five Weirs Walk Trust?], 1991.

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Kotowski, Andrzej. Podstawy wymiarowania bocznych przelewów burzowych z rurą dławiącą. Wrocław: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej, 1998.

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Juracek, Kyle E. Geomorphic effects of overflow dams on the lower Neosho River, Kansas. [Reston, Va.?: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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Einhellig, Robert F. Hydraulic model study of the San Sevaine side-weir diversion to Jurupa Basin. [Denver, Colo.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 2002.

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McCulloch, Urban F. Preliminary hydraulic study for improving the tidal flushing action in Graham Rogers Lake, North River causeway and sluice, Queens County. Mississauga, Ont: Urban F. McCulloch, 1987.

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Bednarczyk, Stefan. Stateczność oraz bezpieczeństwo jazów i zapór. Gdańsk: Wydawn. Politechniki Gdańskiej, 2000.

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Norbert, Carstensen, ed. Flusswehranlagen. Stuttgart: IRB Verlag, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Weirs"

1

Kumar, Shiv. "Notches and Weirs." In Fluid Mechanics (Vol. 2), 421–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99754-0_9.

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Gebhardt, M., J. Merkel, F. Belzner, and C. Thorenz. "A comparison of side weirs and labyrinth weirs at Ilmenau river." In Labyrinth and Piano Key Weirs III – PKW 2017, 221–28. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315169064-31.

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Rapp, Christoph. "Steady free surface flow." In Hydraulics in Civil Engineering, 209–66. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54860-4_13.

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AbstractSteady free surface flow is Chapter 13’s topic which starts with the consideration of sub- and supercritical flow. From the Bernoulli equation for free surfaces, we make our way to the consideration of flows under sluice gates or over weirs, through syphon weirs or Venturi channels. Subsequently steady-state, uniform conditions and the describing equations are elaborated before nonuniform conditions are discussed. The chapter ends with the direct step method, for which, again, open-source codes are provided. At the end of the chapter the reader can solve problems of nonuniform free surface flows.
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Jaiswal, Akash, and Arun Goel. "Aeration Through Weirs—A Critical Review." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 187–200. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6717-5_19.

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"Solid Weirs." In Fluid Mechanics for Civil Engineers, 237–39. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315273426-65.

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Zhang, Yaoxin, Yafei Jia, Keh-Chia Yeh, and Chung-Ta Liao. "Erosion Control at Downstream of Reservoir Using In-stream Weirs." In Hydraulic Structures - Impact on River Flow and Sediment Transport-Dimensioning [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108169.

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As low-head hydraulic structures, instream weirs are built across rivers to control the upstream water surface elevation and the downstream flow conditions. This chapter presents a study of erosion control using instream weirs at downstream of a reservoir; JiJi Weir was built across the longest river in Taiwan, Chuoshui Creek, a mountainous river with steep slopes. Due to the easy-to-be-eroded fine lithology layers of mud, shiver, and sandstones on channel bed, the downstream of JiJi Weir had suffered from severe channel incision and head-cut development problems, which greatly threatens the integrity of the dam. To protect the JiJi Weir and its downstream channel from serious channel erosions, the Water Resources Agency (WRA) of Taiwan proposed erosion control plans that multiple instream weir structures were to be installed along the downstream channel of JiJi Weir. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model, CCHE3D model with capabilities of simulating bedrock erosions, was used to evaluate those erosion control plans and thus explore for the optimal design.
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Howe, W. H., and B. G. Lipták. "Weirs and Flumes." In Flow Measurement, 192–96. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003063926-29.

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"Sharp-crested Weirs." In Fluid Mechanics for Civil Engineers, 230–36. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315273426-64.

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"FLOW OVER WEIRS." In Pressure Vessel Design Manual, 482. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075067740-0/50022-6.

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Khatsuria, R. M. "Inflatable Rubber Weirs." In Hydraulics of Spillways and Energy Dissipators, 313–22. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203996980-15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Weirs"

1

Slavevska-Stamenković, Valentina, Jelena Hinić-Jordanovska, Maja Raković, and Momir Paunović. "AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES AS KEY TOOL IN DEVELOPING METHODOLOGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY BARRIERS FOR REMOVAL." In 53rd Annual Conference of the Serbian Water Pollution Control Society. SERBIAN WATER POLLUTION CONTROL SOCIETY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/voda24.259ss.

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The aim of the study is to assess the effects of six weirs towards the macroinvertebrates and to establish methodology for selection of priority weirs for removal. Macroinvertebrates were collected from 12 sampling sites on the rivers Kriva Reka (2), Pcinja (8) and Kumanovska Reka (2) upstream and downstream of selected weirs. The degree of similarity of the macroinvertebrates above and below the weirs was used as ecological criteria to participate in determining which weirs could be subject to removal or could remain unchanged. Results showed that only weir below the city of Kriva Palanka could be subject to removal.
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Baddour, Raouf E. "Redesigning Compound Weirs as Polynomial Weirs." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2019. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482322.004.

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Jamil, Ary, and Diyar Qader. "Experimental Study for Measuring Flow Rate Using Broad-Crested Weirs." In 4th International Conference on Architectural & Civil Engineering Sciences. Cihan University-Erbil, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/icace2022/paper.881.

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The broad-crested weir consider as a hydraulic components frequently used in irrigation as well as in drainage networks and water treatment plants. A rectangular broad-crested weir has various merits where it is essential to determine the measurement of a variety of discharges on natural streams. The laboratory measures used in this study were taken on a rectangular broad-crested weir shape at various flow rates to test the flow pattern above a rectangular broad-crested weir. Furthermore, a formula to calculate the discharge coefficient of rectangular broad-crested weirs is also offered to compare the flow rate obtained by using the weirs with actual flow meter readings. As a result, the outcomes of the study indicated the coefficient of discharge (C_d) value increases with increasing the ratio (H/P_w) for each flow state.
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D’Silva, Kiran M., Su-Seng Pang, and Kurt C. Schulz. "Effects of Weirs on the Resin Transfer Molding Process." In ASME 2001 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2001-17001.

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Abstract Low mold filling time and improper fiber wetting are the main problems faced by the manufacturers applying the Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process. The objective of this work was to minimize these problems and to study the effect of weirs on the RTM process. A mold was designed such that the lower mold plate contains two weirs, one at the resin inlet port and the other at the outlet port. The purpose of adding the weirs is to provide a continuous inlet stream near the resin inlet port and to cause backpressure near the outlet port to induce complete mold filling. Laminated plates were prepared using glass fibers and epoxy resin (combination of EPON resin-862 and curing agent W). The test parameters investigated, such as void contents, dry spots and mold filling time, were compared with those of samples that were prepared without the use of weirs. It was found that the presence of weirs resulted in significant elimination of dry spots, minimization of void contents and a reduction in mold filling time. As a result, the cost required to manufacture composite parts can be reduced by the use of weirs. In addition to the experimental investigation, a computer simulation (using LCMFLOT software) of resin flow inside the mold cavity was conducted. Many simulations were run in order to optimize the height and shape of the weir. Rectangular weirs of height 2.54 mm showed minimum mold fill time. It was found that the results obtained from the experimental work and flow simulations are in good agreement. Based on this work, it is evident that complex parts can be produced in less cycle time if weirs are positioned at appropriate locations.
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Onitsuka, Kouki, Juichiro Akiyama, Yohei Iiguni, Daisuke Kiuchi, and Noriaki Kawara. "Flow Stability in Pool-and-Weir Fishways, Plunging and Streaming Flows." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37331.

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In Japanese rivers, there are many river constructions, i.e., dams, weirs, drops, for the purpose of flood control. Fishways are river constructions which facilitate migration of fish past dams and weirs. There are a lot of fishway types such as pool-and-weir type, stream type, operation type and so on (see Nakamura, 1995). The pool-and-weir fishway is typical type in Japanese rivers. There are three types of flow regimes in pool-and-weir fishways such as a plunging flow, streaming flow and intermixed flow of plunging and streaming flows. Rajaratnam et al. (1988) proposed a prediction formula of these flow regimes. However, this formula has no physical meaning. Further the accuracy of formula is not high. In this study, the criterion formula, which can predict the flow regime in the pool-and-weir fishway, is suggested semi-theoretically. The experiments were conducted with changing the aspect ratio and discharge in the pool-and-weir fishway. The water surface profiles were measured with a point gauge and also two components velocities were measured with a 2-D electromagnetic current meter. A new criterion formula, which is able to predict the flow formation, is proposed.
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Thornton, C., S. Abt, D. Baird, and R. Padilla. "Hydraulics of bendway weirs." In RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/rm070371.

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Velazquez-Luna, Leandro, and Eusebio Ventura-Ramos. "Concentrated flow through gabions weirs." In 2017 XIII International Engineering Congress (CONIIN). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coniin.2017.7968188.

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Yanmaz, A. Melih, and K. Hakan Turan. "Computer-Assisted Design of Diversion Weirs." In International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40794(179)95.

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Sadineni, S. B., R. Hurt, C. K. Halford, and R. F. Boehm. "Reclaiming Electrolysis Reject Water With a Solar Still." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36001.

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Electrolysis is one sustainable pathway to hydrogen production. During this process, however, it is common to reject a large portion of the water during the pretreatment process to carry away impurities. We have been examining water-conserving approaches to this problem with low energy devices. One such approach is to couple the water purification step with a solar still, thus allowing some of the wastewater to be recycled and utilized in the hydrogen production. This paper reports on a study of a weir type solar still. A weir type solar still is an inclined solar still with the absorber plate formed to make weirs, as well as a top basin and a bottom basin. Raw water flows from the top basin through the weirs and to the bottom basin that is circulated back to the top basin by a small pump. Purified water is collected from condensate on the glass cover. The weir type solar still with 0.61 m width and 1.82 m length (net aperture area 0.97 m2) was constructed and tested for the Las Vegas weather conditions. A data acquisition system with temperature and flow rate sensors was also installed to record the transient variation of temperature and flow rate. The distillate productivity of the still with double-pane and single-pane glass covers is compared. The average distillate productivities for double-pane and single-pane glass covers were approximately 1.9 l/m2/day and 5.5 l/m2/day in the months of August and September in Las Vegas respectively. A double-pane glass reduced the productivity of a solar still significantly due to the reduced temperature difference between the raw water and the glass inner surface. The productivity of the weir type still is also compared with the basin type still tested at the same location side by side and is found that the weir type still productivity was approximately 20% higher. The quality of distillate from the still was also analyzed to verify the product will meet the purity required by electrolyzers.
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GONZÁLEZ VERDUGO, JOSÉ ALFREDO, BENJAMÍN GUTIÉRREZ TORRES, and MARÍA JOSELINA ESPINOZA AYALA. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SCOURING DOWNSTREAM OF WEIRS." In 38th IAHR World Congress. The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-1541.

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Reports on the topic "Weirs"

1

Lyn, Dennis, and R. Cunningham. A Laboratory Study of Bendway weirs as a Bank Erosion Countermeasure. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314249.

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Chanson, Hubert. Hydraulic modelling of half-round circular weirs: scaling considerations, non-linearities, instabilities, ventilation. School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/13436ec.

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Salter, David, Niloofar Sadeghi, Garry Thorncraft, Lee Baumgartner, Wayne Robinson, Nathan Ning, Bethany Cooper, and Lin Crase, eds. Diversion Weirs and Fish Passages for Small-Scale Irrigation in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/arm200210.

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Pearson, Charles E., and Allen R. Saltus. Remote Sensing Survey and Evaluation of the American Pass and Blue Point Chute Weirs, Atchafalaya Channel Training Project, Louisiana. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada225282.

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Brown, Jasen, Robert Davinroy, Ivan Nguyen, Aron Rhoads, Nathan Lovelace, Emily Russ, and Jessamin Straub. Tombigbee River : River Miles 81.0-76.0 sediment management study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43942.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District, Applied River Engineering Center (AREC), in cooperation with the Operations Branch of the Mobile District, conducted a sediment management study of the Sunflower Bend reach of the Tombigbee River, between River Miles 81.0 and 76.0, near Jackson, AL. The objective of the study was to look at sediment management alternatives to alleviate or eliminate repetitive maintenance dredging. These alternatives involved various river engineering measures including dikes, weirs, channel armoring, disposal armoring, and combinations thereof. A physical Hydraulic Sediment Response model was used to examine the sediment response resulting from these alternatives. During model testing, and after discussions with AREC and Mobile Operations Division staff, a second objective was established to define existing non-erodible bed materials that were located throughout the reach. This was conducted to examine the merits of strategically removing these erosion resistant materials in the river as an additional dredging/excavation alternative. The most favorable alternatives involved removing bedload sand and consolidated clay material from between River Miles 79.1 and 78.0 to improve navigation.
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Vanden-Broeck, Jean-Marc, and Joseph B. Keller. Weir Flows. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada167495.

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Behera, Ajay Darshan. Pakistan, where democracy wears an army uniform. Edited by Bharat Bhushan. Monash University, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/664c-80d6.

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Williams, Thomas. Cell Biology Board Game: Cell Life Cycle Top Trumps. University of Dundee, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001277.

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All living things from whole people to single cells and even viruses have life cycles. Explore the weird and wonderful world of life cycles at the level of the cell in this top trumps inspired game. Print and cut out the cards, then play anywhere you want!
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Stockstill, Richard, Christopher Kees, and Charlie Berger. Modeling Free-Surface Flow Over a Weir. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada455417.

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Campbell, J. E., I. McMartin, and M. Millard. Surficial geology, Sturgeon-Weir River area, Saskatchewan. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/209265.

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