Journal articles: 'Weipa'

1

Eggleton, R. A., and G. Taylor. "Weipa Bauxite, northern Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, sup1 (December 2008): S1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090802438217.

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2

Danzi, Jane. "The Reality of Youth in Isolation." Children Australia 16, no. 04 (1991): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200012566.

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Weipa is a small mining town with a population of 3,000, located on the west coast of far North Queensland. The mining of bauxite and kaolin by Comalco Mineral Products provide the reason for Weipa’s existence. Frequently described as a ‘closed town’, Weipa has no local government authority. All housing is supplied by Comalco and most of the working population is employed by the company. Those not employed by Comalco are mostly government employees or service personnel. Now twenty-six years old, Weipa is facing a possible change from company control to local government management, a move referred to as ‘normalisation’, and one which has evoked mixed feelings.

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3

Morrison, Michael, Chantal Wight, and Emily Evans. "Report on excavation of a shell mound site at Mandjungaar, western Cape York Peninsula." Queensland Archaeological Research 21 (May 2, 2018): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.21.2018.3637.

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This short report presents results of excavation and analysis of a shell mound deposit at Mandjungaar, near Weipa, Cape York Peninsula. This study was initiated as a cultural heritage management project focused on a shell mound site damaged by unauthorised clearing of access tracks. This study included a small research component to establish a baseline understanding of longer-term use history of the Mandjungaar area at the request of Ndrua’angayth custodians. This included excavation and analysis of a test pit at the site. Results of the study are presented and contextualised in relation to previous research on the Weipa Peninsula in order to expand our understanding of the wider cultural history of the southern Weipa Peninsula. These results provide further support for the assertion that shell mound formation in the Albatross Bay region involved food production activities that were strategically focused on estuarine mud and sandflat ecosystems. In doing so, this dataset provides additional support for the previously proposed niche production model of shell mound formation.

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4

PEVERELL, S. C., G. R. MCPHERSON, R. N. GARRETT, and N. A. GRIBBLE. "New records of the River Shark Glyphis (Carcharhinidae) reported from Cape York Peninsula, northern Australia." Zootaxa 1233, no. 1 (June 15, 2006): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1233.1.2.

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The distribution of the river shark Glyphis in northern Australia is extended with new records of occurrence in the Gulf of Carpentaria and a reassessment of historical survey data from Cape York Peninsula. Nine new specimens of Glyphis sp. A were collected in 2005 from the Weipa region on the Queensland coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria. A re-examination of archival records from 1978–86 marine and estuarine fish surveys in the Gulf of Carpentaria and along the northern Queensland East Coast allowed a further nineteen Glyphis specimens to be identified. Combined this gives twenty-eight new records of Glyphis specimens from the coasts of Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. Common habitat characteristics for all captures were turbid, shallow, fast running tidal water in the upper reaches of coastal rivers. The substrate was generally muddy and the rivers lined with mangrove. In all surveys the representation of Glyphis was low, being less than 1% of the total shark captures historically and 0.002 sharks 50 m net hour -1 in Weipa 2005. The size range captured was 1000–1800 mm total length historically and 705 –1200 mm total length from Weipa 2005, with none recorded as sexually mature. Diagnostic characteristics of the Weipa specimens, identified as Glyphis sp. A, were: lower jaw teeth protruding and “spear-like”; second dorsal fin greater than half the height of the first dorsal fin; the snout relatively short and fleshy in the lateral view; pectoral fin ventral surface black in colouration; the precaudal vertebral count between 118 and 123; and the total vertebral count between 204 and 209.

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5

Edwards, L., R. Shaw, T. Smith, P. Donecker, and J. Beretka. "The Ceramic Properties of Weipa Ultrafine Bauxite." Materials Science Forum 34-36 (January 1991): 783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.34-36.783.

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6

Bailey, Geoff, and Elizabeth Rich. "Weipa Shell Mounds: Cultural or Natural Deposits?" Australian Archaeology 43, no. 1 (November 1, 1996): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.1996.12094422.

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7

Taylor, G., R. A. Eggleton, L. D. Foster, and C. M. Morgan. "Landscapes and regolith of Weipa, northern Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, sup1 (December 2008): S3—S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090802438225.

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8

Marshall, Craig P., G. S. Kamali Kannangara, Rebeca Alvarez, and Michael A. Wilson. "Characterisation of insoluble charcoal in Weipa bauxite." Carbon 43, no. 6 (May 2005): 1279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.024.

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9

Taylor, G., R. A. Eggleton, L. D. Foster, D. B. Tilley, M. Le Gleuher, and C. M. Morgan. "Nature of the Weipa Bauxite deposit, northern Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, sup1 (December 2008): S45—S70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090802438241.

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10

Ma, Chi, Richard A. Eggleton, and George R. Rossman. "Electron Microscopic Investigation of FE-Rich Phyllosilicates." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 538–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600028762.

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Green glauconite-like minerals from Weipa, Australia, which were previously known as glauconite, were determined to be unusual Fe-rich vermicuhte and Fe-rich smectite. This study revealed the structural and chemical nature of these unique phyllosilicates with HRTEM, AEM, SEM and XRD analysis.The Fe-rich phyllosilicates comprising up to about 15 wt% of the rock occur with various amounts of quartz, mica, feldspar, low-Fe smectite, kaolinite, pyrite and siderite at about 30 meters depth in unweathered marine sediments of the Rolling Downs Formation at Weipa. The proportions of Fe-rich vermiculite and smectite decrease upward and become undetectable in the upper saprolite zone at about 23 m depth.Two major morphologies of the Fe-rich phyllosilicates were observed. One is of tabular or granular detrital-shaped form (Fig.la); the other is platy or film-like, coating grains and occurring in matrix and fissures (Fig.lb).

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11

McConachie, B. A., J. Filatoff, and N. Senapati. "STRATIGRAPHY AND PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OF THE ONSHORE CARPENTARIA BASIN, QUEENSLAND." APPEA Journal 30, no. 1 (1990): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj89009.

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Over the past four years Comalco in joint venture with Bridge Oil have undertaken extensive exploration within the Carpentaria Basin. Over 3000 km of multifold reflection seismic data has been acquired and four petroleum exploration wells were drilled. In addition, the Queensland Department of Mines (GSQ) has drilled four cored full-section stratigraphic wells in the deeper parts of the basin.Analysis of the work to date indicates that the basin is not as structurally simple as first thought. Four sub- basins are recognised based on the composition and timing of Mesozoic sedimentary fill. These are the Weipa, Western Gulf, Staaten and Boomarra sub-basins. The Boomarra Sub-basin contains a Middle Triassic red-bed sequence which is 250 m thick in drill hole GSQ Dobbyn- 1. Thick, Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous, basal fluvial and marine sandstone sequences are restricted to the Weipa and Staaten sub-basins, where they are confined principally to the palaeotopographic valleys. The Western Gulf Sub-basin is believed to contain minimal basal Mesozoic sandstone.Although sedimentary depositional environments exhibit widespread continuity throughout the Carpentaria Basin, variations in lithology and provenance as well as diachronism can be demonstrated between the various sub-basins. Most notably the late Neocomian marine transgression began earlier at Weipa than in the southern sub-basins. A basin-wide stratigraphy has been developed from deep drill hole correlations and mapping of outcrop sections around the margin of the basin in the Olive River, Gregory Range and Melish Park areas thus enabling the petroleum reservoir character of the basin to be determined.

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12

Cameron, E. E., and Harold G. Cogger. "The herpetofauna of the Weipa region, Cape York Peninsula." Technical Reports of the Australian Museum 7 (September 18, 1992): 1–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.1031-8062.7.1992.72.

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13

Eggleton, R. A., and G. Taylor. "Impact of fire on the Weipa Bauxite, northern Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, sup1 (December 2008): S83—S86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090802438266.

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14

Bailey, Geoff. "Hens' eggs and cockle shells: Weipa shell mounds reconsidered." Archaeology in Oceania 26, no. 1 (April 1991): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.1991.tb00246.x.

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15

BAILEY, GEOFF, JOHN CHAPPELL, and ROGER CRIBB. "The origin ofAnadarashell mounds at Weipa, North Queensland, Australia." Archaeology in Oceania 29, no. 2 (July 1994): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arco.1994.29.2.69.

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16

Shiner, Justin, Simon Holdaway, and Patricia Fanning. "Flaked stone assemblage variability across the Weipa region of western Cape York Peninsula, Queensland." Queensland Archaeological Research 21 (April 25, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.21.2018.3636.

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Shell mounds located on the coastal and estuarine fringes are the best-known archaeological feature in the Weipa region, northwestern Cape York Peninsula, Australia. Other archaeological deposits have received less attention, with stone artefacts thought to be all but absent reflecting the lack of raw material suitable for flaking in the region. Cultural heritage surveys on the bauxite plateau in the Weipa region undertaken since 2003 have changed this view. Here we report on stone artefacts manufactured from quartz, quartzite, silcrete, and mudstone. Surprisingly, flakes and cores in assemblages from across the surveyed region retain a relatively large proportion of cortex, indicating limited lithic reduction despite the lack of local raw material. Comparisons made with assemblage characteristics from other regions in Australia indicate that this lack of core reduction may reflect use of the Albatross Bay landscape by people who were confident of being able to access the lithic sources outside the region to replenish their tool kits.

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17

Morrison, Mick. "From scatter to mound: A new developmental model for shell mound sites at Weipa." Queensland Archaeological Research 16 (February 17, 2013): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.16.2013.228.

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Recent research on shell mounds near Weipa (northeast Australia) has focussed on economic questions, particularly understanding what these sites reveal about the production strategies of Aboriginal people and possible links to broader social and environmental transformations documented in late Holocene northeastern Australia. However, in order to explore such issues it is necessary to acquire a firm understanding of mound development through reference to detailed stratigraphic, chronological and compositional data. This paper presents results of investigations into the developmental history of a range of shell matrix sites including shell scatters, non-mounded middens and mounds that occur at Bweening, to the north of Weipa. It is argued that the early stages of mound formation involved multiple small-scale (1–2m diameter) discard events in ‘clusters’ within close proximity to one another, coalescing through time to form low dome-shaped mounds. However, site development is characterised by a high degree of spatial variability in terms of where discard activities were focussed, and appears to shift in response to quite localised factors.

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18

Cant, Garth. "Developmentalism, Impact Assessment and Aborigines: Rethinking Regional Narratives at Weipa." New Zealand Geographer 53, no. 1 (April 1997): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.1997.tb00484.x.

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19

Buultjens, Jeremy, David Brereton, Paul Memmott, Joseph Reser, Linda Thomson, and Tim O'Rourke. "The mining sector and indigenous tourism development in Weipa, Queensland." Tourism Management 31, no. 5 (October 2010): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.06.009.

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20

Eggleton, R. A., and G. Taylor. "Effects of some macrobiota on the Weipa Bauxite, northern Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, sup1 (December 2008): S71—S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090802438258.

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21

Morrison, Michael. "Old boundaries and new horizons: the Weipa shell mounds reconsidered." Archaeology in Oceania 38, no. 1 (April 2003): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.2003.tb00516.x.

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22

BROCKWELL, SALLY, BILLY Ó FOGHLÚ, JACK N. FENNER, JANELLE STEVENSON, ULRIKE PROSKE, and JUSTIN SHINER. "New dates for earth mounds at Weipa, North Queensland, Australia." Archaeology in Oceania 52, no. 2 (December 19, 2016): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arco.5118.

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23

Proske, Ulrike, Janelle Stevenson, Alistair W. R. Seddon, and Kathryn Taffs. "Holocene diatom records of wetland development near Weipa, Cape York, Australia." Quaternary International 440 (June 2017): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.09.014.

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24

McArthur, Luke, and Colin Greensill. "Comparison of two NIR systems for quantifying kaolinite in Weipa bauxites." Measurement Science and Technology 18, no. 11 (September 27, 2007): 3463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/18/11/029.

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25

Eggleton, R. A., G. Taylor, M. Le Gleuher, L. D. Foster, D. B. Tilley, and C. M. Morgan. "Regolith profile, mineralogy and geochemistry of the Weipa Bauxite, northern Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, sup1 (December 2008): S17—S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090802438233.

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26

Taylor, G., and R. A. Eggleton. "Genesis of pisoliths and of the Weipa Bauxite deposit, northern Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, sup1 (December 2008): S87—S103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090802438274.

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27

Gould, Susan F. "Does post-mining rehabilitation restore habitat equivalent to that removed by mining? A case study from the monsoonal tropics of northern Australia." Wildlife Research 38, no. 6 (2011): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11019.

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Context Rehabilitation is increasingly being promoted as a strategy for minimising and even reversing biodiversity loss. Many rehabilitation strategies that aim to provide habitat focus entirely on establishing vegetation. Successful vegetation establishment, however, does not necessarily provide habitat that is ecologically equivalent to that removed by vegetation clearing. Quantitative understanding of faunal responses to rehabilitation is required if rehabilitation techniques are to be refined and deliver desired biodiversity outcomes. Aims I aimed to assess the extent to which post-mining rehabilitation restores bird habitat equivalent to that removed in the mining process on the Weipa bauxite plateau. Methods The composition, abundance and richness of bird assemblages were compared between native forest sites and a 23-year chronosequence of post-mining rehabilitation sites. Native forest sites were made up of three Weipa bauxite plateau land units, including the land unit that represents pre-mining native forest, and two land units that are considered to be potential analogues for the post-mining landscape. Key results Bird abundance and bird species richness increased with rehabilitation age. Bird species richness in the two oldest age classes of mine rehabilitation was similar to values obtained from pre-mining native forest and post-mining landscape analogue sites. The composition of bird assemblages, however, was significantly different. Of all the bird species observed, 25% occurred exclusively in native forest sites, 19% occurred exclusively in mine-rehabilitation sites, and the remaining 56% were recorded in both native forest and mine-rehabilitation sites. Site bird-detection rates were significantly related to site vegetation structure, with inter-specific differences in bird response. Conclusions Post-mining rehabilitation at Weipa has partially made up for the loss of habitat caused by clearing for mining. Twenty-three years after rehabilitation commenced, however, a clear residual impact on biodiversity remains, with a third of native forest birds absent from mine rehabilitation, including several native forest specialists. Implications Rehabilitation can partially make up for biodiversity losses caused by the initial loss of habitat. There is no evidence, however, that rehabilitation can achieve ‘no net loss’. Reliance on rehabilitation to achieve conservation outcomes does not address the fact that many fauna species require resources that are found only in mature forest.

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Shiner, J. S., P. C. Fanning, S. J. Holdaway, F. Petchey, C. Beresford, E. Hoffman, and B. Larsen. "Shell mounds as the basis for understanding human-environment interactions in far north Queensland, Australia." Queensland Archaeological Research 16 (January 28, 2013): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.16.2013.224.

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The Weipa shell mounds have a long history of archaeological research that has made a significant contribution to our understanding of the emergence of late Holocene coastal economies in northern Australia. However, much of this work has focused on broad comparisons of mounds between multiple locations rather than detailed studies of multiple mounds from single locations. This level of analysis is required to understand the record of both human occupation and environmental change and how these have given rise to the form of archaeological record visible in the present. In this paper we describe the results of a recent pilot study of four Anadara granosa-dominated shell mounds at Wathayn Outstation near Weipa in far north Queensland. We adopt a formational approach that investigates variability in shape, size, orientation, stratigraphy, shell fragmentation and diversity and mound chronology, as well as dating of the surfaces upon which the mounds have been constructed. Results indicate multiple periods of shell accumulation in each mound, separated by hiatuses. The mounds are the end product of a complex mix of processes that include how often and how intensively mounds were used and reused, together with the nature of the shell populations that people exploited and the post-depositional environmental changes that have occurred over the centuries the mounds have existed.

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29

Rintoul, Llewellyn, and Peter M. Fredericks. "Infrared Microspectroscopy of Bauxitic Pisoliths." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 11 (November 1995): 1608–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953965696.

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Bauxite ore in the deposit at Weipa, Queensland, Australia occurs as pisoliths which are small, approximately spherical, pebbles with diameters in the range 0.5 to 2 cm. The distribution of various mineral species within the pisoliths has been determined by the use of reflectance infrared microspectroscopy of a large suite of pisoliths obtained from different parts of the Weipa orebody. The method allows the significant minerals of the bauxite to be analyzed including gibbsite (aluminium trihydroxide), boehmite (aluminium oxyhydroxide), quartz, and the clay, kaolinite. These minerals are readily distinguished by their IR spectrum. The iron minerals, present in small amounts, could not be detected. Specular reflectance spectra of sectioned pisoliths were measured, and the spectrum was utilized directly without the application of the Kramers–Kronig transformation. Polished pisolith sections were also mapped at a spatial resolution of 100 μm with the use of a computer-controlled microscope stage, and the mineral composition at any point was estimated by measuring relevant areas of the spectrum. Semi-quantitative results were obtained by relating the reflectance spectra for a particular pisolith thin section to the transmittance spectra for the same points. The transmittance spectra of the pisoliths were correlated with spectra of pure standards by application of a multicomponent Q-matrix approach. Principal component analysis of the mineral distribution data allowed the suite of pisoliths to be subdivided into groups with similar mineralization.

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30

BOWMAN, D. M. J. S., and R. J. FENSHAM. "Response of a monsoon forest-savanna boundary to fire protection, Weipa, northern Australia." Austral Ecology 16, no. 1 (March 1991): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1991.tb01486.x.

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31

McArthur, Luke, and Colin Greensill. "Impact of resolution on NIR PLS calibration of kaolinite content with Weipa bauxite." Measurement Science and Technology 18, no. 5 (March 13, 2007): 1343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/18/5/021.

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32

Bailey, Geoff. "Shell Mounds In 1972 And 1992: Reflections On Recent Controversies At Ballina And Weipa." Australian Archaeology 37, no. 1 (January 1993): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.1993.11681491.

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33

Bischoff, Günther C. O. "Visual evidence for microbial activity in a lateritic bauxite profile. - 1. Traces of biodegradation; Weipa, Queensland, Australia." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 1997, no. 9 (August 9, 1997): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1997/1997/531.

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Shiner, Justin, and Michael Morrison. "The Contribution of Heritage Surveys towards Understanding the Cultural Landscape of the Weipa Bauxite Plateau." Australian Archaeology 68, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2009.11681890.

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35

Morrison, Michael, Darlene McNaughton, and Justin Shiner. "Mission-Based Indigenous Production at the Weipa Presbyterian Mission, Western Cape York Peninsula (1932–66)." International Journal of Historical Archaeology 14, no. 1 (January 19, 2010): 86–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10761-009-0096-8.

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36

Fulton, MC, LC Bell, and CJ Asher. "Mineral nutrition of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) grown in replaced soil after bauxite mining at Weipa, Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 7 (1996): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960905.

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The yield potential of cassava with optimal mineral nutrition was evaluated in a lateritic red earth that was replaced after bauxite mining at Weipa, Queensland. There were 9 field experiments. In 8 separate experiments, 5 rates each of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulfur, copper, zinc (Zn), boron or molybdenum fertilisers were banded into the soil. In the phosphorus (P) experiment, triple superphosphate and rock phosphate were compared, each with 5 rates of P banded, broadcast or spot-placed into the soil. After 2 wet seasons (66 weeks after planting), maximum tuber yields were produced by the banded application of 200 kg P/ha as triple superphosphate, 20 kg Mg/ha and 8 kg Zn/ha. With rock phosphate, only the broadcast placement produced an increase in the yield of cassava, maximum yields being achieved with 400 kg P/ha. In addition, there was evidence that 100 kg N/ha and 300 kg K/ha were needed for maximum yields. Therefore, based on the results of these individual experiments over 2 seasons, 100 kg N/ha, 200 kg P/ha as triple superphosphate or 400 kg P/ha as rock phosphate, 300 kg K/ha, 20 kg Mg/ha and 8 kg Zn/ha are the fertiliser recommendations for cassava grown in replaced soil at Weipa. In addition, early Zn deficiency symptoms (not related to any applied fertilisers) may necessitate a foliar spray of 4 kg Zn/ha as well as the soil-applied Zn fertiliser. However, the use of dolomite at 80 kg Mg/ha may have decreased the tuber yields and/or increased the requirements for certain soil-applied fertilisers. An average yield of 26.0 t/ha of tubers (fresh weight) was obtained with a 51-week growing season, and the recommended rates of fertilisers. This yield was reasonable when compared with 32 t/ha of fresh tubers predicted by a growth model for cassava, grown in North Queensland for 52 weeks without irrigation.

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37

Schwenke, G. D., L. Ayre, D. R. Mulligan, and L. C. Bell. "Soil stripping and replacement for the rehabilitation of bauxite-mined land at Weipa. II. Soil organic matter dynamics in mine soil chronosequences." Soil Research 38, no. 2 (2000): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99044.

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Concern over the long-term sustainability of post-mining ecosystems at Weipa (North Queensland, Australia) led to investigations of soil organic matter dynamics, a key process linking soil and vegetation development in maintenance-free systems. Paper I of this series examined the short-term effects of rehabilitation operations on soil organic matter. Here, we assess the medium-term development of post-rehabilitation soil organic matter quantity and quality using mine soil chronosequences of up to 22 years post-rehabilitation at Weipa. Soils had been respread either immediately after stripping or after stripped soil had been stockpiled for several years. Sites surveyed were revegetated with native tree and shrub species, forestry (Khaya senegalensis), or pasture (Brachiaria decumbens/Stylosanthes spp.). Three areas of undisturbed native forest were included for comparison. Compared with the undisturbed forest, rehabilitated soils were shallower and more compacted, contained more gravel, and, as a result of topsoil–subsoil mixing, stored less organic matter in the surface soil. Rehabilitated sites respread with stockpiled soil were more compacted and lower in all quantitative and qualitative measures of organic matter than freshly replaced soils. With time, organic matter accumulated in the surface soil under all vegetation types at rates of up to 1.25 t C/ha.year, but new equilibrium levels were yet to be reached. Accumulated organic matter was mostly associated with clay and silt-sized particles, indicating effective cycling of litter to humus. Nitrogen mineralisation capacity increased with time under all vegetation types. The incidence of fire led to increased total and light-fraction organic C, but this was probably as charcoal C. Sites where volunteer grass biomass was reduced pre-planting by late-season stripping or disc-ploughing accumulated less organic C. To optimise post-mining soil organic matter development, we recommend that soil stockpiling be avoided, that more volunteer grasses be retained to ensure continuity of organic inputs, and that attention be focussed on minimising soil compaction and gravel incorporation—both permanent limitations to plant growth.

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Fulton, M. C., and C. J. Asher. "Zinc treatments applied to cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) setts changes early growth and zinc status of plants." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 7 (1997): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96093.

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Summary. Zinc (Zn) deficiency limited the early growth of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in nutritional trials on a Zn-deficient lateritic red earth that was replaced after bauxite mining at Weipa (12°28"S, 141°53"E). The symptoms developed at 2 weeks after emergence, despite the band application of 0–32 kg Zn/ha and were not related to rates of Zn or other fertilisers applied to the soil. The Zn deficiency in the cassava plants was attributed to low Zn in setts before root access to soil and fertiliser Zn. Two techniques were studied to establish if they could be used to correct Zn deficiency early in the growth of cassava: one was the fertilisation of cassava plants before cutting the stems for planting setts, and the other was soaking cassava setts in Zn solutions for various times at 101 kPa (atmospheric pressure) or 51 kPa (partial pressure). Setts, after treatments, were planted into pots of lateritic soil from Weipa. Plants grown from setts soaked in ZnSO4 solutions varying from 17.4 to 348 mmol Zn/L did not develop Zn-deficiency symptoms, whereas, 62% of plants grown from either unsoaked setts or setts soaked in water developed symptoms. However, the prior fertilisation of cassava plants failed to decrease the incidence of Zn deficiency in plants and did not increase the Zn concentration in setts. Several treatments in Zn solutions were found to significantly increase the Zn concentration in setts, were not detrimental to shoot emergence nor the subsequent growth of plants, and provided an adequate Zn concentration in leaf blades. These treatments were: soaking in 17.4 or 69.5 mmol Zn/L for 5 h and in 69.5 mmol Zn/L for 0.5 h at 51 kPa; and soaking in 69.5 mmol Zn/L for 5 h and in 139 mmol Zn/L for 0.5 and 5 h at 101 kPa. These treatments could be used to overcome early Zn deficiency in cassava plants where the deficiency is a problem despite the soil application of Zn fertilisers.

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39

Ó Foghlú, Billy, Daryl Wesley, Sally Brockwell, and Helen Cooke. "Implications for culture contact history from a glass artefact on a Diingwulung earth mound in Weipa." Queensland Archaeological Research 19 (December 5, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.19.2016.3499.

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This paper reports on a glass artefact found on an earth mound at Diingwulung in Wathayn Country, near Weipa, far north Queensland. Despite intense research efforts and cultural heritage management surveys over many years, and the fact that they have been reported commonly within the ethnographic literature, such artefacts have been found rarely outside of Aboriginal mission contexts. As well as describing the artefact, its location and the frontier contact complex of the area, this paper includes the background of knapped glass artefacts in Australia, archaeological and ethnographic descriptions of Indigenous glass use in far north Queensland and the methodology of glass artefact analysis. Although it is only a single artefact, we argue that this glass piece has much to reveal not only regarding its chronology, use, and the function of the site where it was found, but also about culture contact, persistence of traditional technology, connections to Country and the continuity and extent of post-contact Indigenous occupation of the area.

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DEREZ, CHANTELLE M., KEVIN ARBUCKLE, ZHIQIANG RUAN, BING XIE, YU HUANG, LAUREN DIBBEN, QIONG SHI, FREEK J. VONK, and BRYAN G. FRY. "A new species of bandy-bandy (Vermicella: Serpentes: Elapidae) from the Weipa region, Cape York, Australia." Zootaxa 4446, no. 1 (July 16, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4446.1.1.

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Bandy-bandies (genus Vermicella) are small (50–100cm) black and white burrowing elapids with a highly specialised diet of blindsnakes (Typhlopidae). There are currently 5 recognized species in the genus, all located in Australia, with Vermicella annulata the most encountered species with the largest distribution. Morphological and mitochondrial analyses of specimens collected from the Weipa area, Cape York, Queensland reveal the existence of a new species, which we describe as Vermicella parscauda sp. nov. Mitochondrial DNA analysis (16S and ND4) and external morphological characteristics indicate that the closest relatives of the new species are not V. annulata, which also occurs on Cape York, but rather species from Western Australia and the Northern Territory (V. intermedia and V. multifasciata) which, like V. parscauda, occupy monsoon habitats. Internasal scales are present in V. parscauda sp. nov., similar to V. annulata, but V. intermedia and V. multifasciata do not have nasal scales. V. parscauda sp. nov. has 55–94 black dorsal bands and mottled or black ventral scales terminating approximately 2/3rds of the body into formed black rings, suggesting that hyper-banding is a characteristic of the tropical monsoon snakes (V. intermedia, V. multifasciata and V. parscauda). The confined locality, potential habitat disruption due to mining activities, and scarcity of specimens indicates an urgent conservation concern for this species.

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Stevenson, Janelle, Sally Brockwell, Cassandra Rowe, Ulrike Proske, and Justin Shiner. "The palaeo-environmental history of Big Willum Swamp, Weipa: An environmental context for the archaeological record." Australian Archaeology 80, no. 1 (June 2015): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2015.11682041.

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Morrison, Michael, Darlene McNaughton, and Claire Keating. "“Their God is their belly”: Moravian missionaries at the Weipa Mission (1898-1932), Cape York Peninsula." Archaeology in Oceania 50, no. 2 (June 12, 2015): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arco.5061.

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Harvey, MS. "The Schizomida (Chelicerata) of Australia." Invertebrate Systematics 6, no. 1 (1992): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9920077.

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A revision of the Schizomida known to occur in Australia reveals five new genera (Draculoides, Apozomus, Bamazomus, Notozomus and Julattenius) and 25 species, 24 of which are newly described: Draculoides (type and only species, Schizomus vinei Harvey); Apozomus (type species A. watsoni, and A. alligator, A. cactus, A. gunn, A. mainae, A. nob, A. pellew, A. radon, A. rupina, A. spec, A. weipa, A. weiri, A. woodwardi and A. yirrkala); Bamazomus (type species B. bamaga); Notozomus (type species N. aterpes, and N. daviesae, N. ingham, N. ker, N. monteithi, N. raveni and N. rentzi); and Julattenius (type species J. lawrencei, and J. cooloola). Three new combinations are proposed for non-Australian taxa: Apozomus daitoensis (Shimojana), A. yamasakii (Cokendolpher) and Bamazomus siamensis (Hansen). A new notation for identifying homologous setae of the flagellum is introduced.

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Moriarty, DJW, and MJ O'Donohue. "Nitrogen fixation in seagrass communities during summer in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 1 (1993): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930117.

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Rates of acetylene reduction in seagrass communities in the Gulf of Carpentaria were determined in intact cores of sediment and seagrass and in slurries. Short-term incubations and three different methods were used to ensure that results could be reliably converted to rates of nitrogen fixation. At Groote Eylandt, values ranged from 16 to 47 mg N m-2 day-1 in a Syringodium isoetifolium community and from 13 to 19 mg N m-2 day-1 on a reef flat with Thalassia hernprichii. At Weipa, mean rates of nitrogen fixation were 25 mg N m-2 day-1 in an Enhalus acoroides community and 20 mg N m-2 day-1 on a mud bank below mangroves. About 5% of fixation was due to epiphytes on the seagrass leaves, and 8% of fixation associated with the Syringodium isoetifolium community occurred in washed roots and rhizomes; the remainder was due mostly to bacteria in the sediment. Nitrogen fixation supplied 8 to 16% of the nitrogen requirements of the plants.

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Liu, Yang, Lianjie Fu, Jinling Wang, and Chunxi Zhang. "Study of GNSS Loss of Lock Characteristics under Ionosphere Scintillation with GNSS Data at Weipa (Australia) During Solar Maximum Phase." Sensors 17, no. 10 (September 25, 2017): 2205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17102205.

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Short, Terrence A., Neal W. Menzies, and David R. Mulligan. "Mining disturbance alters phosphorus fractions in northern Australian soils." Soil Research 38, no. 2 (2000): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99033.

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The brown kandosol soils at Weipa, North Queensland, contain little soil phosphorus (P). Plant-available fractions (considered in this study to include resin, hydroxide, and dilute acid extractable P) approximate 85 ˜g P/g, or 70% of total soil P, the majority of which is in labile organic forms, highlighting the importance of P cycling within the native eucalypt forest. A field experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effect of soil handling during bauxite mining on the distribution of P between the various soil fractions. This study showed that soil stripping and replacement disrupts the P cycle and affects the proportional distribution of P between soil fractions. Horizon mixing during soil handling severely reduces the size of plant-available soil P fractions in surface soils ( 0–5 cm depth) and this can only be partially compensated by the addition of fertiliser. A survey of rehabilitated sites of differing ages showed that restoration of soil organic P fractions is extremely slow, with the overall distribution of P within replaced soils remaining different from that within undisturbed soils 15 years after rehabilitation to native forest or exotic pasture species.

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Schwenke, G. D., D. R. Mulligan, and L. C. Bell. "Soil stripping and replacement for the rehabilitation of bauxite-mined land at Weipa. III. Simulated long-term soil organic matter development." Soil Research 38, no. 2 (2000): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99045.

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Long-term trends in soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) under current and alternative rehabilitation practices at Weipa were simulated using the CENTURY model. After 100 years, predicted organic C in the surface soils (0–20 cm) of each treatment had risen to new dynamic equiliPbria. Since the ‘passive’ pool of recalcitrant organic C, which occupied 47% of organic C, changed little over the simulation period, the new equilibria differed according to initial organic C content. Most organic matter recovery occurred in the ‘slow’ fraction, although the greatest rate of change occurred in the ‘active’ C pool, which stabilised within 50 years at levels similar to the native forest. Similarly, ‘slow’ C accumulated in all treatments to new equilibria which were similar to that in undisturbed forest soil. The main difference between treatments was in the predicted time until a stable equilibrium in the ‘slow’ pool was reached: between 90 and 160 years depending on the soil stripping and replacement operation used. Successful development of new equilibria was highly sensitive to the amount of legume N2 fixation in the system and also to the severity of C and N losses during fire events. Reasonable agreement was found between simulated organic C accumulation and that observed in surveyed rehabilitation of up to 15 years of age (r2 = 0.67 for freshly replaced soils, r2 = 0.72 for soils stockpiled before respreading).

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Schwenke, G. D., D. R. Mulligan, and L. C. Bell. "Soil stripping and replacement for the rehabilitation of bauxite-mined land at Weipa. I. Initial changes to soil organic matter and related parameters." Soil Research 38, no. 2 (2000): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99043.

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At Weipa, in Queensland, Australia, sown tree and shrub species sometimes fail to establish on bauxite-mined land, possibly because surface-soil organic matter declines during soil stripping and replacement. We devised 2 field experiments to investigate the links between soil rehabilitation operations, organic matter decline, and revegetation failure. Experiment 1 compared two routinely practiced operations, dual-strip (DS) and stockpile soil, with double-pass (DP), an alternative method, and subsoil only, an occasional result of the DS operation. Other treatments included variations in stripping-time, ripping-time, fertiliser rate, and cultivation. Dilution of topsoil with subsoil, low-grade bauxite, and ironstone accounted for the 46% decline of surface-soil (0–10 cm) organic C in DS compared with pre-strip soil. In contrast, organic C in the surface-soil (0–10 cm) of DP plots (25.0 t/ha) closely resembled the pre-strip area (28.6 t/ha). However, profile (0–60 cm) organic C did not differ between DS (91.5 t/ha), DP (107 t/ha), and pre-strip soil (89.9 t/ha). Eighteen months after plots were sown with native vegetation, surface-soil (0–10 cm) organic C had declined by an average of 9% across all plots. In Experiment 2, we measured the potential for post-rehabilitation decline of organic matter in hand-stripped and replaced soil columns that simulated the DS operation. Soils were incubated in situ without organic inputs. After 1 year’s incubation, organic C had declined by up to 26% and microbial biomass C by up to 61%. The difference in organic C decline between vegetated replaced soils (Expt 1) and bare replaced soils (Expt 2) showed that organic inputs affect levels of organic matter more than soil disturbance. Where topsoil was replaced at the top of the profile (DP) and not ploughed, inputs from volunteer native grasses balanced oxidation losses and organic C levels did not decline.

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Short, Terrence A., Peter M. Kopittke, David R. Mulligan, and Neal W. Menzies. "Growth of Eucalyptus species in a Brown Kandosol, and changes in soil phosphorus fractionation following fertilisation." Soil Research 45, no. 3 (2007): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr06147.

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As observed with many soils, much of the P in the Brown Kandosol soils of Weipa (Australia) is associated with organic matter. However, following bauxite mining, much of this organic matter is either lost due to mineralisation, or is ‘diluted’ by the mixing of the soil profile. Using a sequential P extraction, the partitioning of P following fertiliser application was examined in an ‘undisturbed’ (Surface) soil and a Mixed soil. In addition, the effect of split-P applications on the growth of 2 native Eucalyptus species was examined. Following its addition to the soil, much of the P was converted comparatively rapidly to forms with reduced availability; by the time of the first measurement (4 weeks) only approximately 10% of the added P remained as the readily available AER-P. For the Surface soil, much of this added P was initially converted to organic P (Po) (measured as hydroxide-Po), before progressively moving into the hydroxide-Pi fraction. In comparison, in the mixed soil, competition for P from microbial biomass was lower (due to a lower organic matter content) and the P was rapidly converted to the hydroxide-Pi fraction before moving to unavailable forms (residual P). Although the use of split-P applications was expected to increase plant growth, maximum growth of Eucalyptus tetrodonta and Eucalyptus leptophleba was generally achieved when all P fertiliser was applied in the first few weeks of growth. Indeed, splitting the P application beyond 16 weeks caused a significant reduction in growth.

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Deng, Difei, and Elizabeth A. Ritchie. "Rainfall Mechanisms for One of the Wettest Tropical Cyclones on Record in Australia—Oswald (2013)." Monthly Weather Review 148, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 2503–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-19-0168.1.

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Abstract Tropical Cyclone Oswald (2013) is considered to be one of the highest-impact storms to make landfall in northern Australia even though it only reached a maximum category 1 intensity on the Australian category scale. After making landfall on the west coast of Cape York Peninsula, Oswald turned southward, and persisted for more than 7 days moving parallel to the coastline as far south as 30°S. As one of the wettest tropical cyclones (TCs) in Australian history, the favorable configurations of a lower-latitude active monsoon trough and two consecutive midlatitude trough–jet systems generally contributed to the maintenance of the Oswald circulation over land and prolonged rainfall. As a result, Oswald produced widespread heavy rainfall along the east coast with three maximum centers near Weipa, Townsville, and Rockhampton, respectively. Using high-resolution WRF simulations, the mechanisms associated with TC Oswald’s rainfall are analyzed. The results show that the rainfall involved different rainfall mechanisms at each stage. The land–sea surface friction contrast, the vertical wind shear, and monsoon trough were mostly responsible for the intensity and location for the first heavy rainfall center on the Cape York Peninsula. The second torrential rainfall near Townsville was primarily a result of the local topography and land–sea frictional convergence in a conditionally unstable monsoonal environment with frictional convergence due to TC motion modulating some offshore rainfall. The third rainfall area was largely dominated by persistent high vertical wind shear forcing, favorable large-scale quasigeostrophic dynamic lifting from two midlatitude trough–jet systems, and mesoscale frontogenesis lifting.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Weipa'

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