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1
BAILEY, GEOFF, JOHN CHAPPELL, and ROGER CRIBB. "The origin ofAnadarashell mounds at Weipa, North Queensland, Australia." Archaeology in Oceania 29, no. 2 (July 1994): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arco.1994.29.2.69.
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PEVERELL, S. C., G. R. MCPHERSON, R. N. GARRETT, and N. A. GRIBBLE. "New records of the River Shark Glyphis (Carcharhinidae) reported from Cape York Peninsula, northern Australia." Zootaxa 1233, no. 1 (June 15, 2006): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1233.1.2.
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The distribution of the river shark Glyphis in northern Australia is extended with new records of occurrence in the Gulf of Carpentaria and a reassessment of historical survey data from Cape York Peninsula. Nine new specimens of Glyphis sp. A were collected in 2005 from the Weipa region on the Queensland coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria. A re-examination of archival records from 1978–86 marine and estuarine fish surveys in the Gulf of Carpentaria and along the northern Queensland East Coast allowed a further nineteen Glyphis specimens to be identified. Combined this gives twenty-eight new records of Glyphis specimens from the coasts of Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. Common habitat characteristics for all captures were turbid, shallow, fast running tidal water in the upper reaches of coastal rivers. The substrate was generally muddy and the rivers lined with mangrove. In all surveys the representation of Glyphis was low, being less than 1% of the total shark captures historically and 0.002 sharks 50 m net hour -1 in Weipa 2005. The size range captured was 1000–1800 mm total length historically and 705 –1200 mm total length from Weipa 2005, with none recorded as sexually mature. Diagnostic characteristics of the Weipa specimens, identified as Glyphis sp. A, were: lower jaw teeth protruding and “spear-like”; second dorsal fin greater than half the height of the first dorsal fin; the snout relatively short and fleshy in the lateral view; pectoral fin ventral surface black in colouration; the precaudal vertebral count between 118 and 123; and the total vertebral count between 204 and 209.
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BROCKWELL, SALLY, BILLY Ó FOGHLÚ, JACK N. FENNER, JANELLE STEVENSON, ULRIKE PROSKE, and JUSTIN SHINER. "New dates for earth mounds at Weipa, North Queensland, Australia." Archaeology in Oceania 52, no. 2 (December 19, 2016): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arco.5118.
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Shiner, Justin, Simon Holdaway, and Patricia Fanning. "Flaked stone assemblage variability across the Weipa region of western Cape York Peninsula, Queensland." Queensland Archaeological Research 21 (April 25, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.21.2018.3636.
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Shell mounds located on the coastal and estuarine fringes are the best-known archaeological feature in the Weipa region, northwestern Cape York Peninsula, Australia. Other archaeological deposits have received less attention, with stone artefacts thought to be all but absent reflecting the lack of raw material suitable for flaking in the region. Cultural heritage surveys on the bauxite plateau in the Weipa region undertaken since 2003 have changed this view. Here we report on stone artefacts manufactured from quartz, quartzite, silcrete, and mudstone. Surprisingly, flakes and cores in assemblages from across the surveyed region retain a relatively large proportion of cortex, indicating limited lithic reduction despite the lack of local raw material. Comparisons made with assemblage characteristics from other regions in Australia indicate that this lack of core reduction may reflect use of the Albatross Bay landscape by people who were confident of being able to access the lithic sources outside the region to replenish their tool kits.
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Bischoff, Günther C. O. "Visual evidence for microbial activity in a lateritic bauxite profile. - 1. Traces of biodegradation; Weipa, Queensland, Australia." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 1997, no. 9 (August 9, 1997): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1997/1997/531.
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Shiner, J. S., P. C. Fanning, S. J. Holdaway, F. Petchey, C. Beresford, E. Hoffman, and B. Larsen. "Shell mounds as the basis for understanding human-environment interactions in far north Queensland, Australia." Queensland Archaeological Research 16 (January 28, 2013): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.16.2013.224.
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<p>The Weipa shell mounds have a long history of archaeological research that has made a significant contribution to our understanding of the emergence of late Holocene coastal economies in northern Australia. However, much of this work has focused on broad comparisons of mounds between multiple locations rather than detailed studies of multiple mounds from single locations. This level of analysis is required to understand the record of both human occupation and environmental change and how these have given rise to the form of archaeological record visible in the present. In this paper we describe the results of a recent pilot study of four <em>Anadara granosa</em>-dominated shell mounds at Wathayn Outstation near Weipa in far north Queensland. We adopt a formational approach that investigates variability in shape, size, orientation, stratigraphy, shell fragmentation and diversity and mound chronology, as well as dating of the surfaces upon which the mounds have been constructed. Results indicate multiple periods of shell accumulation in each mound, separated by hiatuses. The mounds are the end product of a complex mix of processes that include how often and how intensively mounds were used and reused, together with the nature of the shell populations that people exploited and the post-depositional environmental changes that have occurred over the centuries the mounds have existed.</p>
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Ó Foghlú, Billy, Daryl Wesley, Sally Brockwell, and Helen Cooke. "Implications for culture contact history from a glass artefact on a Diingwulung earth mound in Weipa." Queensland Archaeological Research 19 (December 5, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.19.2016.3499.
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This paper reports on a glass artefact found on an earth mound at Diingwulung in Wathayn Country, near Weipa, far north Queensland. Despite intense research efforts and cultural heritage management surveys over many years, and the fact that they have been reported commonly within the ethnographic literature, such artefacts have been found rarely outside of Aboriginal mission contexts. As well as describing the artefact, its location and the frontier contact complex of the area, this paper includes the background of knapped glass artefacts in Australia, archaeological and ethnographic descriptions of Indigenous glass use in far north Queensland and the methodology of glass artefact analysis. Although it is only a single artefact, we argue that this glass piece has much to reveal not only regarding its chronology, use, and the function of the site where it was found, but also about culture contact, persistence of traditional technology, connections to Country and the continuity and extent of post-contact Indigenous occupation of the area.
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DEREZ, CHANTELLE M., KEVIN ARBUCKLE, ZHIQIANG RUAN, BING XIE, YU HUANG, LAUREN DIBBEN, QIONG SHI, FREEK J. VONK, and BRYAN G. FRY. "A new species of bandy-bandy (Vermicella: Serpentes: Elapidae) from the Weipa region, Cape York, Australia." Zootaxa 4446, no. 1 (July 16, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4446.1.1.
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Bandy-bandies (genus Vermicella) are small (50–100cm) black and white burrowing elapids with a highly specialised diet of blindsnakes (Typhlopidae). There are currently 5 recognized species in the genus, all located in Australia, with Vermicella annulata the most encountered species with the largest distribution. Morphological and mitochondrial analyses of specimens collected from the Weipa area, Cape York, Queensland reveal the existence of a new species, which we describe as Vermicella parscauda sp. nov. Mitochondrial DNA analysis (16S and ND4) and external morphological characteristics indicate that the closest relatives of the new species are not V. annulata, which also occurs on Cape York, but rather species from Western Australia and the Northern Territory (V. intermedia and V. multifasciata) which, like V. parscauda, occupy monsoon habitats. Internasal scales are present in V. parscauda sp. nov., similar to V. annulata, but V. intermedia and V. multifasciata do not have nasal scales. V. parscauda sp. nov. has 55–94 black dorsal bands and mottled or black ventral scales terminating approximately 2/3rds of the body into formed black rings, suggesting that hyper-banding is a characteristic of the tropical monsoon snakes (V. intermedia, V. multifasciata and V. parscauda). The confined locality, potential habitat disruption due to mining activities, and scarcity of specimens indicates an urgent conservation concern for this species.
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Rintoul, Llewellyn, and Peter M. Fredericks. "Infrared Microspectroscopy of Bauxitic Pisoliths." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 11 (November 1995): 1608–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953965696.
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Bauxite ore in the deposit at Weipa, Queensland, Australia occurs as pisoliths which are small, approximately spherical, pebbles with diameters in the range 0.5 to 2 cm. The distribution of various mineral species within the pisoliths has been determined by the use of reflectance infrared microspectroscopy of a large suite of pisoliths obtained from different parts of the Weipa orebody. The method allows the significant minerals of the bauxite to be analyzed including gibbsite (aluminium trihydroxide), boehmite (aluminium oxyhydroxide), quartz, and the clay, kaolinite. These minerals are readily distinguished by their IR spectrum. The iron minerals, present in small amounts, could not be detected. Specular reflectance spectra of sectioned pisoliths were measured, and the spectrum was utilized directly without the application of the Kramers–Kronig transformation. Polished pisolith sections were also mapped at a spatial resolution of 100 μm with the use of a computer-controlled microscope stage, and the mineral composition at any point was estimated by measuring relevant areas of the spectrum. Semi-quantitative results were obtained by relating the reflectance spectra for a particular pisolith thin section to the transmittance spectra for the same points. The transmittance spectra of the pisoliths were correlated with spectra of pure standards by application of a multicomponent Q-matrix approach. Principal component analysis of the mineral distribution data allowed the suite of pisoliths to be subdivided into groups with similar mineralization.
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Schwenke, G. D., L. Ayre, D. R. Mulligan, and L. C. Bell. "Soil stripping and replacement for the rehabilitation of bauxite-mined land at Weipa. II. Soil organic matter dynamics in mine soil chronosequences." Soil Research 38, no. 2 (2000): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99044.
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Concern over the long-term sustainability of post-mining ecosystems at Weipa (North Queensland, Australia) led to investigations of soil organic matter dynamics, a key process linking soil and vegetation development in maintenance-free systems. Paper I of this series examined the short-term effects of rehabilitation operations on soil organic matter. Here, we assess the medium-term development of post-rehabilitation soil organic matter quantity and quality using mine soil chronosequences of up to 22 years post-rehabilitation at Weipa. Soils had been respread either immediately after stripping or after stripped soil had been stockpiled for several years. Sites surveyed were revegetated with native tree and shrub species, forestry (Khaya senegalensis), or pasture (Brachiaria decumbens/Stylosanthes spp.). Three areas of undisturbed native forest were included for comparison. Compared with the undisturbed forest, rehabilitated soils were shallower and more compacted, contained more gravel, and, as a result of topsoil–subsoil mixing, stored less organic matter in the surface soil. Rehabilitated sites respread with stockpiled soil were more compacted and lower in all quantitative and qualitative measures of organic matter than freshly replaced soils. With time, organic matter accumulated in the surface soil under all vegetation types at rates of up to 1.25 t C/ha.year, but new equilibrium levels were yet to be reached. Accumulated organic matter was mostly associated with clay and silt-sized particles, indicating effective cycling of litter to humus. Nitrogen mineralisation capacity increased with time under all vegetation types. The incidence of fire led to increased total and light-fraction organic C, but this was probably as charcoal C. Sites where volunteer grass biomass was reduced pre-planting by late-season stripping or disc-ploughing accumulated less organic C. To optimise post-mining soil organic matter development, we recommend that soil stockpiling be avoided, that more volunteer grasses be retained to ensure continuity of organic inputs, and that attention be focussed on minimising soil compaction and gravel incorporation—both permanent limitations to plant growth.
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Harvey, Mark S., Mia J. Hillyer, Jose I. Carvajal, and Joel A. Huey. "Supralittoral pseudoscorpions of the genus Garypus (Pseudoscorpiones : Garypidae) from the Indo-West Pacific region, with a review of the subfamily classification of Garypidae." Invertebrate Systematics 34, no. 1 (2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is19029.
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The pseudoscorpions of the genus Garypus L. Koch are restricted to seashore habitats where they occupy supralittoral and littoral zones primarily in tropical and subtropical areas. Few species have been recorded from the Indo-West Pacific region, and this project was devised to produce a review of the species found in museum collections and to test the relationships of the various garypid genera using a molecular analysis and an assessment of their morphology. A new subfamily classification is proposed with the subfamilies Garypinae, including Garypus and the new genus Anchigarypus Harvey (type species Garypus californicus Banks), and the Synsphyroninae for the other genera (Ammogarypus Beier, Anagarypus Chamberlin, Elattogarypus Beier, Eremogarypus Beier, Meiogarypus Beier, Neogarypus Vachon, Paragarypus Vachon, Neogarypus Vachon, Synsphyronus Chamberlin, and Thaumastogarypus Beier). The species-level revision of Garypus provides evidence for at least 14 species, most of which are known from only single localities. The following species are redescribed: G. insularis Tullgren from the Seychelles, G. krusadiensis Murthy & Ananthakrishnan from India and Sri Lanka, G. longidigitus Hoff from Queensland, Australia, G. maldivensis Pocock from the Maldives, G. nicobarensis Beier from the Nicobar Islands and G. ornatus Beier from the Marshall Islands. The holotype of G. insularis is a tritonymph, and not therefore readily identifiable. Nine new species are described: G. latens Harvey, sp. nov., G. malgaryungu Harvey, sp. nov., G. necopinus Harvey, sp. nov., G. postlei Harvey, sp. nov., G. ranalliorum Harvey, sp. nov. and G. weipa Harvey, sp. nov. from northern Australia, G. dissitus Harvey, sp. nov. from Cocos-Keeling Island, G. reong Harvey, sp. nov. and G. yeni Harvey, sp. nov. from Indonesia. A further possible new species from Queensland is described but not named, as it is represented by a single tritonymph. The subspecies of the Caribbean species G. bonairensis Beier are elevated to full species status: G. bonairensis, G. realini Hummelinck and G. withi Hoff. We supplement the descriptions with sequence data from five specimens from four species of Garypus and two species of Anchigarypus, and find COI divergence levels of 7–19% between Garypus species. http://zoobank.org/References/16463E29-6F13-4392-9E41-46A4312C852B
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Schwenke, G. D., D. R. Mulligan, and L. C. Bell. "Soil stripping and replacement for the rehabilitation of bauxite-mined land at Weipa. I. Initial changes to soil organic matter and related parameters." Soil Research 38, no. 2 (2000): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99043.
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At Weipa, in Queensland, Australia, sown tree and shrub species sometimes fail to establish on bauxite-mined land, possibly because surface-soil organic matter declines during soil stripping and replacement. We devised 2 field experiments to investigate the links between soil rehabilitation operations, organic matter decline, and revegetation failure. Experiment 1 compared two routinely practiced operations, dual-strip (DS) and stockpile soil, with double-pass (DP), an alternative method, and subsoil only, an occasional result of the DS operation. Other treatments included variations in stripping-time, ripping-time, fertiliser rate, and cultivation. Dilution of topsoil with subsoil, low-grade bauxite, and ironstone accounted for the 46% decline of surface-soil (0–10 cm) organic C in DS compared with pre-strip soil. In contrast, organic C in the surface-soil (0–10 cm) of DP plots (25.0 t/ha) closely resembled the pre-strip area (28.6 t/ha). However, profile (0–60 cm) organic C did not differ between DS (91.5 t/ha), DP (107 t/ha), and pre-strip soil (89.9 t/ha). Eighteen months after plots were sown with native vegetation, surface-soil (0–10 cm) organic C had declined by an average of 9% across all plots. In Experiment 2, we measured the potential for post-rehabilitation decline of organic matter in hand-stripped and replaced soil columns that simulated the DS operation. Soils were incubated in situ without organic inputs. After 1 year’s incubation, organic C had declined by up to 26% and microbial biomass C by up to 61%. The difference in organic C decline between vegetated replaced soils (Expt 1) and bare replaced soils (Expt 2) showed that organic inputs affect levels of organic matter more than soil disturbance. Where topsoil was replaced at the top of the profile (DP) and not ploughed, inputs from volunteer native grasses balanced oxidation losses and organic C levels did not decline.
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SCHAEFFNER, BJOERN C., and IAN BEVERIDGE. "Prochristianella Dollfus, 1946 (Trypanorhyncha: Eutetrarhynchidae) from elasmobranchs off Borneo and Australia, including new records and the description of four new species." Zootaxa 3505, no. 1 (October 3, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3505.1.1.
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Prochristianella cairae n. sp. is described from the spiral intestines of two species of bamboo sharks, Chiloscylliumpunctatum Müller & Henle and Chiloscyllium indicum (Gmelin) (Hemiscyllidae) off the coast of Malaysian Borneo. Thespecies is distinguished from congeners by enlarged microtriches covering the whole scolex peduncle, a uniquearrangement of hooks on the basal swelling, a dissimilar number of hooks in each principle row in the metabasal armatureand hook files 1 and 1’ not being distinctly separated. Prochristianella jensenae n. sp. is described from the spiralintestines of three species of whiptail stingrays, Pastinachus solocirostris Last & Manjaji-Matsumoto, Pastinachus atrus(Macleay) and Pastinachus gracilicaudus Last & Manjaji-Matsumoto (Dasyatidae) from coastal waters off Indonesianand Malaysian Borneo and Western Australia, from Himantura uarnak (Gmelin) (Dasyatidae) off Nickol Bay, WesternAustralia and from Rhinoptera neglecta Ogilby (Myliobatidae) off Weipa, Queensland, Australia. This species lacksgland-cells within the tentacular bulbs, one of the most distinctive features of this family. Prochristianella kostadinovaen. sp. is described from the spiral intestines of Himantura uarnak 2 (Dasyatidae) (sensu Naylor et al. 2012) from the Gulfof Carpenteria. It differs from congeners in its metrical data, a metabasal tentacular armature with 10 hooks per principlerow, hooks 1(1’) being uncinate with an elongate base and widely spaced and hooks 4(4’) smaller than neighbouring hooks3(3’) and 5(5’). Prochristianella scholzi n. sp. is described from specimens of the Taeniura lymma species complex(Dasyatidae) (sensu Naylor et al. 2012) from three localities in Malaysian and Indonesian Borneo. This species has arraysof billhooks on the basal swelling, but differs from similar congeners in having very few, tiny gland-cells within thetentacular bulbs and a metabasal tentacular armature with 9–10 hooks per half spiral row and hooks 4(4’) being muchsmaller than the neighbouring hooks 3(3’) and 5(5’). Examinations of new material from northern Australia andIndonesian and Malaysian Borneo provided additional information on Prochristianella aciculata Beveridge & Justine,2010, Prochristianella butlerae Beveridge, 1990 and Prochristianella clarkeae Beveridge, 1990. In total, 17, 7 and 29(respectively) new host records and 14, 9 and 28 (respectively) new locality records are added. These records extend thegeographical range of all three species in the Australasian region and also represents the first record of P. aciculata fromAustralian waters and the first record of P. butlerae from the Indo-Malayan region. Prochristianella clarkeae is the least host specific taxon within Prochristianella, infecting 43 different host species.
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WHITTINGTON, IAN D. "Revision of Benedeniella Johnston, 1929 (Monogenea: Capsalidae), its assignment to Entobdellinae Bychowsky, 1957 and comments on subfamilial composition." Zootaxa 2519, no. 1 (June 28, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2519.1.1.
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Benedeniella macrocolpa (Lühe, 1906) Yamaguti, 1963 is redescribed from new material collected from ventral skin surfaces of the Australian cownose ray, Rhinoptera neglecta Ogilby (Elasmobranchii: Myliobatidae) from waters in Moreton Bay and from captive rays in a public display aquarium in Townsville, from R. cf. neglecta and Rhinoptera sp. from Weipa, Queensland, Australia and from R. javanica Müller & Henle caught in the Arabian Gulf north of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Benedeniella posterocolpa (Hargis, 1955) Yamaguti, 1963 is redescribed from new specimens collected from the cownose ray, R. bonasus (Mitchill) (Myliobatidae) from several localities in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Chesapeake Bay region of the south-eastern and eastern USA, respectively. Detailed anatomical redescriptions demonstrate that each Benedeniella species share several dorsal structures (paired anterior horns, excretory papillae and posterior conical structures at the junction of the body with the haptor), anterolateral grooves on the ventral surface of each anterior attachment organ, a similar route for tendons associated mostly with the accessory sclerites and the anterior hamuli and a long vagina. The different path of the vagina and the position of the vaginal pore are the simplest characters to discriminate the two species. Benedeniella unnithani Gupta & Chanana, 1976 from the gills of a Caranx sp. (Teleostei: Perciformes: Carangidae) off Kavaratti, Laccadive Islands, Arabian Sea, India is considered a species incertae sedis. Morphological parallels are identified, in particular concerning the anterior attachment organs of species in Benedeniella, Branchobdella Kearn, Whittington & Evans-Gowing, 2007, Entobdella Blainville in Lamarck, 1818, Neoentobdella Kearn & Whittington, 2005 and Pseudoentobdella Yamaguti, 1963. Of these entobdelline genera, species in three of them parasitise principally the skin of elasmobranch rays (Dasyatidae; Myliobatidae; Rhinobatidae); only species in Branchobdella and Entobdella parasitise flatfish teleosts (Paralichthyidae; Pleuronectidae; Soleidae). On the basis of the redescriptions presented here plus morphological similarities, host associations and recently published molecular genetic data, Benedeniella is moved from the Benedeniinae Johnston, 1931 and the diagnosis for the Entobdellinae Bychowsky, 1957 is amended to unite Benedeniella, Branchobdella, Entobdella, Listrocephalos Bullard, Payne & Braswell, 2004, Neoentobdella and Pseudoentobdella. The affinities of species in a seventh capsalid genus, Trimusculotrema Whittington & Barton, 1990 (currently in Benedeniinae), are considered briefly based on morphology and host association and reassigned to the Entobdellinae.
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Short, Terrence A., Neal W. Menzies, and David R. Mulligan. "Mining disturbance alters phosphorus fractions in northern Australian soils." Soil Research 38, no. 2 (2000): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99033.
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The brown kandosol soils at Weipa, North Queensland, contain little soil phosphorus (P). Plant-available fractions (considered in this study to include resin, hydroxide, and dilute acid extractable P) approximate 85 ˜g P/g, or 70% of total soil P, the majority of which is in labile organic forms, highlighting the importance of P cycling within the native eucalypt forest. A field experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effect of soil handling during bauxite mining on the distribution of P between the various soil fractions. This study showed that soil stripping and replacement disrupts the P cycle and affects the proportional distribution of P between soil fractions. Horizon mixing during soil handling severely reduces the size of plant-available soil P fractions in surface soils ( 0–5 cm depth) and this can only be partially compensated by the addition of fertiliser. A survey of rehabilitated sites of differing ages showed that restoration of soil organic P fractions is extremely slow, with the overall distribution of P within replaced soils remaining different from that within undisturbed soils 15 years after rehabilitation to native forest or exotic pasture species.