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Journal articles on the topic 'Weighted residual methods'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Canu, P., and W. H. Ray. "Discrete weighted residual methods applied to polymerization reactions." Computers & Chemical Engineering 15, no. 8 (August 1991): 549–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-1354(91)80011-j.

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2

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Approximated Methods for Linear Delay Differential Equations Using Weighted Residual Methods." Baghdad Science Journal 4, no. 4 (December 2, 2007): 658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.4.4.658-665.

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The main work of this paper is devoted to a new technique of constructing approximated solutions for linear delay differential equations using the basis functions power series functions with the aid of Weighted residual methods (collocations method, Galerkin’s method and least square method).
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3

Ganji, D. D., and Mohammad Hatami. "Three weighted residual methods based on Jeffery-Hamel flow." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 24, no. 3 (April 1, 2014): 654–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-06-2012-0137.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the eligibility of the weighted residual methods (WRMs) applied to Jeffery-Hamel Flow. Selecting the most appropriate method among the WRMs and discussing about Jeffery-Hamel flow's treatment in divergent and convergent channels are the other important purposes of the present research. Design/methodology/approach – Three analytical methods (collocation, Galerkin and least square method) have been applied to solve the governing equations. The reliability of the methods is also approved by a comparison made between the forth order Runge-Kutta numerical method. Findings – The obtained solutions revealed that WRMs can be simple, powerful and efficient techniques for finding analytical solutions in science and engineering non-linear differential equations. Originality/value – It could be considered as a first endeavor to use the solution of the Jeffery-Hamel flow using these kind of analytical methods along with the numerical approach.
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4

Adebowale Martins, Obalalu, Kazeem Issa, Abdulrazaq Abdulraheem, Ajala Olusegun Adebayo, Adeosun Adeshina Taofeeq, Oluwaseyi Aliu, Adebayo Lawal Lanre, and Wahaab Adisa Fatai. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ENTROPY GENERATION FOR CASSON FLUID FLOW THROUGH PERMEABLE WALLS AND CONVECTIVE HEATING WITH THERMAL RADIATION EFFECT." Journal of the Serbian Society for Computational Mechanics 14, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 150–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24874/jsscm.2020.14.02.10.

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In this work, the influence of entropy generation analysis for an electrically conducting Casson fluid flow with convective boundary conditions has been numerically studied. The governing equations are analyzed numerically using weighted residual methods. Subsequently, the residuals were minimized using two different approaches of weighted residual method namely collocation weighted residual method (CWRM) and Galerkin weighted residual method (GWRM) and computed numerically using MATHEMATICAL software. The impacts of governing parameters on Casson flow velocity, temperature profile, local skin friction, and Nusselt number were analysed. The obtained solutions were used to determine the heat transfer irreversibility and bejan number of the model. The results of the computation show that the effect of thermophysical properties such as thermal radiation parameter, suction/injection parameter, magnetic field parameter, radiation parameter, and Eckert number has a significant influence on Skin friction coefficient (Cf) and local Nusselt number (Nu) when compared to the Newtonian fluid. The findings from this study are relevant to advances in viscoelasticity and enhanced oil recovery.
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5

Yayli, Mustafa Özgür. "Variational Iteration Technique and Weighted Residual Methods for Gradient Elastic Microbeams." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2014): 2023–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2014.3602.

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6

Fu, Zhengqing, Guolin Liu, Ke Zhao, and Hua Guo. "Weighted Semiparameter Model and Its Application." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/892107.

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A weighted semiparameter estimate model is proposed. The parameter components and nonparameter components are weighted. The weights are determined by the characters of different data. Simulation data and real GPS data are both processed by the new model and least square estimate, ridge estimate, and semiparameter estimate. The main research method is to combine qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The deviation between estimated values and the true value and the estimated residuals fluctuation of different methods are used for qualitative analysis. The mean square error is used for quantitative analysis. The results of experiment show that the model has the smallest residual error and the minimum mean square error. The weighted semiparameter estimate model has effectiveness and high precision.
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7

Aurada, Markus, Michael Feischl, Thomas Führer, Michael Karkulik, and Dirk Praetorius. "Efficiency and Optimality of Some Weighted-Residual Error Estimator for Adaptive 2D Boundary Element Methods." Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics 13, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 305–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cmam-2013-0010.

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Abstract. We prove convergence and quasi-optimality of a lowest-order adaptive boundary element method for a weakly-singular integral equation in 2D. The adaptive mesh-refinement is driven by the weighted-residual error estimator. By proving that this estimator is not only reliable, but under some regularity assumptions on the given data also efficient on locally refined meshes, we characterize the approximation class in terms of the Galerkin error only. In particular, this yields that no adaptive strategy can do better, and the weighted-residual error estimator is thus an optimal choice to steer the adaptive mesh-refinement. As a side result, we prove a weak form of the saturation assumption.
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8

Donea, J. "Generalized Galerkin Methods for Convection Dominated Transport Phenomena." Applied Mechanics Reviews 44, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3119502.

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A brief survey is made of recent advances in the development of finite element methods for convection dominated transport phenomena. Because of the nonsymmetric character of convection operators, the standard Galerkin formulation of the method of weighted residuals does not possess optimal approximation properties in application to problems in this class. As a result, numerical solutions are often corrupted by spurious node-to-node oscillations. For steady problems describing convection and diffusion, spurious oscillations can be precluded by the use of upwind-type finite element approximations that are constructed through a proper Petrov-Galerkin weighted residual formulation. Various upwind finite element formulations are reviewed in this paper, with a special emphasis on the major breakthroughs represented by the so-called streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin and Galerkin least-squares methods. The second part of the paper is devoted to a review of time-accurate finite element methods recently developed for the solution of unsteady problems governed by first-order hyperbolic equations. This includes Petrov-Galerkin, Taylor-Galerkin, least-squares, and various characteristic Galerkin methods. The extension of these methods to deal with unsteady convection-diffusion problems is also considered.
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9

Kochneva, Elena, Andrew Pazderin, and Aleksandar Sukalo. "Improving of Energy Measurements Reliability Using Weighted and Normalized Residual Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 792 (September 2015): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.792.255.

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The article considers the possibility of a posteriori methods implementation for energy measurements verification. Posteriori methods are developed in the framework of state estimation theory. The new approach to calculate the parameters of electric conditions using electrical energy measurements is discussed. Test scheme with different measurements sets is considered. Results demonstrate the implementation of a posteriori analysis.
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10

Ackroyd, R. T. "Generalized least squares as a generator of variational principles and weighted residual methods for FEM transport methods." Progress in Nuclear Energy 18, no. 1-2 (January 1986): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0149-1970(86)90012-0.

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11

Al-Faour, Omar M., and Rostam K. Saeed. "Solution of a System of Linear Voltera- Integro Differential Equations by Weighted Residual Methods." Journal of Al-Nahrain University Science 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22401/jnus.9.2.18.

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12

Al-Faour, Omer M. A., and Rostam K. Saeed. "SOLUTION OF A SYSTEM OF LINEAR VOLTERA-INTEGRO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS BY WEIGHTED RESIDUAL METHODS." Journal of Al-Nahrain University Science 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2007): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22401/jnus.10.1.15.

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13

Shi, Ping An. "Method of Spling Weight and Residual Value for Analyzing Bending of Laminated Skew Plates under Complex Stress State." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 2661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.2661.

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In order to meet the needs of boundary conditions and eliminate the residual of governing equations, the weighted residuals method is combined with least squares method solve the nonlinear bending problem of symmetrically angle-lay orthotropic laminated composite plate, and the double fifth B-spline is taken as trial function to seek an efficient method for large deflection of plate. The analytical solution of bending problems of symmetrically angle-lay orthotropic laminated composite plate with clamped boundary conditions is obtained by using the weighted residual method. The results from the present method are in good agreement with those derived from other methods, and the present method has the advantages of simple principle, high calculation efficiency and easy to satisfy boundary conditions as well, superiority to finite element method. In addition, the design of computer program is simple and it is easy to be programmed.
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14

Shi, Dexin, and Alberto Maydeu-Olivares. "The Effect of Estimation Methods on SEM Fit Indices." Educational and Psychological Measurement 80, no. 3 (November 10, 2019): 421–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164419885164.

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We examined the effect of estimation methods, maximum likelihood (ML), unweighted least squares (ULS), and diagonally weighted least squares (DWLS), on three population SEM (structural equation modeling) fit indices: the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), the comparative fit index (CFI), and the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). We considered different types and levels of misspecification in factor analysis models: misspecified dimensionality, omitting cross-loadings, and ignoring residual correlations. Estimation methods had substantial impacts on the RMSEA and CFI so that different cutoff values need to be employed for different estimators. In contrast, SRMR is robust to the method used to estimate the model parameters. The same criterion can be applied at the population level when using the SRMR to evaluate model fit, regardless of the choice of estimation method.
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15

Ghassemieh, M., A. A. Gholampour, and S. R. Massah. "Application of Weight Functions in Nonlinear Analysis of Structural Dynamics Problems." International Journal of Computational Methods 13, no. 01 (February 2016): 1650005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876216500055.

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This paper presents a weighted residual method with several weight functions for solving differential equation of motion in nonlinear structural dynamics problems. Order of variation of acceleration is assumed to be quadratic in each time step in which polynomial of displacement would contain five unknown coefficients. Five equations are required for determination of these coefficients in each time step. These equations are obtained from initial conditions, satisfying equation of motions at both ends, and weighted residual integration. In this study, four procedures are considered for weight function to be used in the weighted residual integration as; unit weight function, Petrov–Galerkin’s weight function, least square weight function, and collocation weight function. Due to higher order of acceleration in the proposed method, the results indicate better and more accurate responses. Among the tested functions, the unit weighted function method demonstrated to be non-dissipative and its numerical dispersion showed to be clearly less than the common Newmark’s linear acceleration method. Also critical time step duration in stability investigation for weighted function procedure showed to be larger than the critical time step duration obtained by other methods used in the nonlinear structural dynamics problems.
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16

Solsvik, Jannike, Per J. Becker, Nida Sheibat-Othman, and Hugo A. Jakobsen. "Numerical Solution of the Drop Population Balance Equation Using Weighted Residual and Finite Volume Methods." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 37, no. 1 (April 8, 2015): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2015.1028550.

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17

Karminsky, A., and E. Frolova. "Methods of Bank Valuation in the Age of Globalization." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(42) (June 28, 2015): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-3-42-173-183.

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This paper reviews the theory ofvalue-based management at the commercial bank and the main valuation methods in the age of globalization. The paper identifies five main factors that significantly influence valuation models selection and building: funding, liquidity, risks, exogenous factors and the capital cushion. It is shown that valuation models can be classified depending on underlying cash flows. Particular attention is paid to models based on potentially available cash flows (Discounted cash flow-oriented approaches, DCF) and models based on residual income flows (Residual income-oriented approaches). In addition, we consider an alternative approach based on comparison with same sector banks (based on multiples). For bank valuation equity discounted сash flow method is recommended (Equity DCF). Equity DCF values equity value of a bank directly by discounting cash flows to equity at the cost of equity (Capital Asset Pricing Model, CAPM), rather than at the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). For the purposes of operational management residual income-oriented approaches are recommended for use, because they are better aligned with the process of internal planning and forecasting in banks. For strategic management residual income-oriented methods most useful when expected cash flows are negative throughout the forecast period. Discounted сash flow-oriented approaches are preferable when expected cash flows have positive values and needs for models using is motivated by supporting the investment decisions. Proposed classification can be developed in interests of bank management tasks in the midterm in the age of globalization.
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18

Solsvik, Jannike, Per J. Becker, Nida Sheibat-Othman, and Hugo A. Jakobsen. "On the solution of the dynamic population balance model describing emulsification: Evaluation of weighted residual methods." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 92, no. 2 (July 30, 2013): 250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.21875.

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19

Meyer, M., and H. G. Matthies. "Dual-weighted-residual and nonlinear Galerkin methods in the simulation of the aeroelastic response of windturbines." PAMM 1, no. 1 (March 2002): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1617-7061(200203)1:1<77::aid-pamm77>3.0.co;2-4.

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20

Solsvik, Jannike, and Hugo A. Jakobsen. "On the solution of the advection equation and advective dominated reactor models by weighted residual methods." Computers & Fluids 120 (October 2015): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.07.011.

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21

Kuruoğlu, Zeki C. "Weighted-Residual Methods for the Solution of Two-Particle Lippmann–Schwinger Equation Without Partial-Wave Decomposition." Few-Body Systems 55, no. 1 (September 13, 2013): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00601-013-0732-z.

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22

Hatami, M., D. D. Ganji, M. Jafaryar, and F. Farkhadnia. "Transient combustion analysis for iron micro-particles in a gaseous media by weighted residual methods (WRMs)." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 4 (November 2014): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2014.06.003.

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23

Owens, A. R., J. Kópházi, J. A. Welch, and M. D. Eaton. "Energy dependent mesh adaptivity of discontinuous isogeometric discrete ordinate methods with dual weighted residual error estimators." Journal of Computational Physics 335 (April 2017): 352–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2017.01.035.

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24

Altun, Emrah. "Weighted-exponential regression model: An alternative to the gamma regression model." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 10, no. 06 (December 2019): 1950035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962319500351.

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In this study, weighted-exponential regression model is proposed for modeling the right-skewed response variable as an alternative to the gamma regression model. The maximum likelihood, method of moments, least-squares and weighted least-squares estimation methods are used to estimate unknown parameters of re-parametrized weighted-exponential distribution. The simulation study is conducted to compare the efficiencies of parameter estimation methods. An application on coalition duration dataset is given to demonstrate the usefulness of proposed regression model against the gamma regression model. The residual analysis is performed to evaluate the accuracy of the fitted model. Empirical findings show that the weighted-exponential regression model provides better fits than the gamma regression model and could be a good choice for modeling the right-skewed response variable.
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25

Sakaida, Yoshihisa, Takanori Serizawa, M. Kawauchi, and M. Manzanka. "Residual Stress Evaluation of Carburized Transmission Steel Gear Using Neutron and Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction and Finite Element Methods." Materials Science Forum 652 (May 2010): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.652.31.

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A motorcycle transmission gear of chromium-molybdenum steel with 0.2%C was carburized in carrier gas. Carburizing process including heating, carburizing, diffusing and quenching was simulated using elastoplastic finite element method. The carbon content, hardness, residual strain and residual stress fields of gear were analyzed. The unstressed lattice plane spacing and residual strains of the interior near the internal spline of gear were experimentally measured by synchrotron x-ray and neutron diffraction methods. As a result, the analyzed carbon content and hardness gradients of gear accorded with the experimental results. The radial, hoop and axial directions of cylindrical gear were found to be not always principal axes of residual stress field. On the other hand, the analyzed residual strains in the radial, hoop and axial directions of gear slightly discorded with the experimental results. Although correlation between the measured three strains was similar to that of the weighted average of analyzed strains, residual strain and stress fields of motorcycle transmission gear could not be accurately predicted at the present finite element analysis. It was concluded that carbon diffusion phenomenon and resultant hardening could be analyzed by the finite element method, and the actual interior residual strain and stress fields should be nondestructively measured by neutron diffraction method.
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26

Park, Daeryong, Myoung-Jin Um, Momcilo Markus, Kichul Jung, Laura Keefer, and Siddhartha Verma. "Insights from an Evaluation of Nitrate Load Estimation Methods in the Midwestern United States." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 7508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137508.

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This study investigated the accuracy and suitability of several methods commonly used to estimate riverine nitrate loads at eight watersheds located southwest of Lake Erie in the Midwestern United States. This study applied various regression methods, including a regression estimator with five, six, and seven parameters, an estimator enhanced by composite, triangular, and rectangular error corrections with residual and proportional adjustment methods, the weighted regressions on time, discharge, and season (WRTDS) method, and a simple linear interpolation (SLI) method. Daily discharge and nitrate concentration data were collected by the National Center for Water Quality Research. The methods were compared with subsampling frequencies of 6, 12, and 24 times per year for daily concentrations, daily loads, and annual loads. The results indicate that combinations of the seven-parameter regression method with composite residual and rectangular residual adjustments provided the best estimates under most of the watershed and sampling frequency conditions. On average, WRTDS was more accurate than the regression models alone, but less accurate than those models enhanced by residual adjustments, except for the most urbanized watershed, Cuyahoga. SLI was the most accurate in the Vermilion and Maumee watersheds. The results also provide some information about the effects of rating curve shape and slope, land use, and record length on model performance.
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27

Jin, Xiao-Qing, Fu-Rong Lin, and Zhi Zhao. "Preconditioned Iterative Methods for Two-Dimensional Space-Fractional Diffusion Equations." Communications in Computational Physics 18, no. 2 (July 30, 2015): 469–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.120314.230115a.

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AbstractIn this paper, preconditioned iterative methods for solving two-dimensional space-fractional diffusion equations are considered. The fractional diffusion equation is discretized by a second-order finite difference scheme, namely, the Crank-Nicolson weighted and shifted Grünwald difference (CN-WSGD) scheme proposed in [W. Tian, H. Zhou and W. Deng, A class of second order difference approximation for solving space fractional diffusion equations, Math. Comp., 84 (2015) 1703-1727]. For the discretized linear systems, we first propose preconditioned iterative methods to solve them. Then we apply the D’Yakonov ADI scheme to split the linear systems and solve the obtained splitting systems by iterative methods. Two preconditioned iterative methods, the preconditioned generalized minimal residual (preconditioned GMRES) method and the preconditioned conjugate gradient normal residual (preconditioned CGNR) method, are proposed to solve relevant linear systems. By fully exploiting the structure of the coefficient matrix, we design two special kinds of preconditioners, which are easily constructed and are able to accelerate convergence of iterative solvers. Numerical results show the efficiency of our preconditioners.
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28

Solsvik, Jannike, Stian Tangen, and Hugo A. Jakobsen. "Evaluation of weighted residual methods for the solution of the pellet equations: The orthogonal collocation, Galerkin, tau and least-squares methods." Computers & Chemical Engineering 58 (November 2013): 223–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2013.07.002.

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29

Lehotzky, Dávid, and Tamás Insperger. "A pseudospectral tau approximation for time delay systems and its comparison with other weighted-residual-type methods." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 108, no. 6 (February 22, 2016): 588–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.5225.

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30

Razavi, S. H., A. Abolmaali, and M. Ghassemieh. "A Weighted Residual Parabolic Acceleration Time Integration Method for Problems in Structural Dynamics." Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics 7, no. 3 (2007): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cmam-2007-0014.

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AbstractIn the proposed method, the variation of displacement in each time step is assumed to be a fourth order polynomial in time and its five unknown coefficients are calculated based on: two initial conditions from the previous time step; satisfying the equation of motion at both ends of the time step; and the zero weighted residual within the time step. This method is non-dissipative and its dispersion is considerably less than in other popular methods. The stability of the method shows that the critical time step is more than twice of that for the linear acceleration method and its convergence is of fourth order.
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31

Regan, Michael, Peter E. D. Love, and Jim Jim. "Public infrastructure procurement: A review of adversarial and non-adversarial contracting methods." Journal of Public Procurement 15, no. 4 (March 1, 2015): 405–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-15-04-2015-b001.

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Adversarial contracting methods are used for most public infrastructure procurement and timely delivery on budget remains a problem. In the past 20 years, OECD countries have adopted a number of alternative procurement methods that are based on collaborative principles including public private partnerships, long-term outsourcing arrangements and relationship/alliance contracts. We review the theoretical principles that operate for both adversarial and collaborative contracting methods. We identify the characteristics of non-adversarial contracting methods such as the output specification, qualitative selection criteria, the alignment of incentives, discrete allocation of residual control rights, life cycle costing, and risk-weighted value for money measurement that are delivering better procurement outcomes for government.
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32

Fournier, Bertrand, Jesse Sokolow, and Philip Coppens. "Analysis of multicrystal pump–probe data sets. II. Scaling of ratio data sets." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 72, no. 2 (February 16, 2016): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273315024055.

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Two methods for scaling of multicrystal data collected in time-resolved photocrystallography experiments are discussed. The WLS method is based on a weighted least-squares refinement of laser-ON/laser-OFF intensity ratios. The other, previously applied, is based on the average absolute system response to light exposure. A more advanced application of these methods for scaling within a data set, necessary because of frequent anisotropy of light absorption in crystalline samples, is proposed. The methods are applied to recently collected synchrotron data on the tetra-nuclear compound Ag2Cu2L4withL= 2-diphenylphosphino-3-methylindole. A statistical analysis of the weighted least-squares refinement residual terms is performed to test the importance of the scaling procedure.
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33

Li, Jin, and Kun Shen. "An Improved Method for Pitch Detection." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 1167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.1167.

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Aiming at traditional methods cannot get good performance in noisy environments, an improved method for pitch detection was proposed. In this method, noisy speech was enhanced by using wiener filtering at first, and then analyzing linear prediction residual and power spectrum reprocessing, the feature of weighted residual power spectrum reprocessing was extracted to detect speech pitch period. Experimental results indicate that the proposed pitch detection method has higher reliability with lower computational complexity. It can detect pitch more accurately in low SNR environments and has better robustness.
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34

K. Saeed, Rostam, and Chinar S. Ahmed. "Approximate Solution for the System of Nonlinear Volterra Integral Equations of the Second Kind by Weighted Residual Methods." Kirkuk University Journal-Scientific Studies 5, no. 2 (December 28, 2010): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32894/kujss.2010.41656.

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35

Meyer, M., and H. G. Matthies. "Efficient model reduction in non-linear dynamics using the Karhunen-Lo�ve expansion and dual-weighted-residual methods." Computational Mechanics 31, no. 1-2 (May 1, 2003): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00466-002-0404-1.

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36

Gao, Li, Mingjing Huang, Wuping Zhang, Lei Qiao, Guofang Wang, and Xumeng Zhang. "Comparative Study on Spatial Digital Mapping Methods of Soil Nutrients Based on Different Geospatial Technologies." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 3270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063270.

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Soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) are important indicators of soil fertility when undertaking a quality evaluation. Obtaining a high-precision spatial distribution map of soil nutrients is of great significance for the differentiated management of nutrient resources and reducing non-point source pollution. However, the spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients lead to uncertainty in the modeling process. To determine the best interpolation method, terrain, climate, and vegetation factors were used as auxiliary variables to participate in the investigation of soil nutrient spatial modeling in the present study. We used the mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and accuracy (Acc) of a dataset to comprehensively compare the performance of four different geospatial techniques: ordinary kriging (OK), regression kriging (RK), geographically weighted regression kriging (GWRK), and multiscale geographically weighted regression kriging (MGWRK). The results showed that the hybrid methods (RK, GWRK, and MGWRK) could improve the prediction accuracy to a certain extent when the residuals were spatially correlated; however, this improvement was not significant. The new MGWRK model has certain advantages in reducing the overall residual level, but it failed to achieve the desired accuracy. Considering the cost of modeling, the OK method still provides an interpolation method with a relatively simple analysis process and relatively reliable results. Therefore, it may be more beneficial to design soil sampling rationally and obtain higher-quality auxiliary variable data than to seek complex statistical methods to improve spatial prediction accuracy. This research provides a reference for the spatial mapping of soil nutrients at the farmland scale.
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37

Huang, Bin, Daiki Fujimura, Paul Allaire, Zongli Lin, and Guoxin Li. "Constrained Balancing of Two Industrial Rotor Systems: Least Squares and Min-Max Approaches." Shock and Vibration 16, no. 1 (2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/101456.

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Rotor vibrations caused by rotor mass unbalance distributions are a major source of maintenance problems in high-speed rotating machinery. Minimizing this vibration by balancing under practical constraints is quite important to industry. This paper considers balancing of two large industrial rotor systems by constrained least squares and min-max balancing methods. In current industrial practice, the weighted least squares method has been utilized to minimize rotor vibrations for many years. One of its disadvantages is that it cannot guarantee that the maximum value of vibration is below a specified value. To achieve better balancing performance, the min-max balancing method utilizing the Second Order Cone Programming (SOCP) with the maximum correction weight constraint, the maximum residual response constraint as well as the weight splitting constraint has been utilized for effective balancing. The min-max balancing method can guarantee a maximum residual vibration value below an optimum value and is shown by simulation to significantly outperform the weighted least squares method.
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38

Alam, Muntasir, and Md Shafiqul Islam. "Numerical Solutions of Time Dependent Partial Differential Equations Using Weighted Residual Method With Piecewise Polynomials." Dhaka University Journal of Science 67, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v67i1.54566.

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We use Galerkin weighted residual (GWR) method to solve one dimensional heat and wave equations as initial and boundary value problems (IBVPs) numerically. Three special types of piecewise polynomials namely: Bernstein, Bernoulli and Legendre polynomials are used as basis functions to solve these IBVPs. A few examples are tested by the proposed method and then the results are compared with the solutions found in other existing methods. The numerical results obtained in this paper are in good agreement with the exact solutions. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 67(1): 5-12, 2019 (January)
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39

Ghasemi, Seiyed E., M. Vatani, and D. D. Ganji. "Efficient approaches of determining the motion of a spherical particle in a swirling fluid flow using weighted residual methods." Particuology 23 (December 2015): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2014.12.008.

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40

Agrawal, S. K., and T. Veeraklaew. "A Higher-Order Method for Dynamic Optimization of a Class of Linear Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 118, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2802358.

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This paper deals with optimization of a class of linear dynamic systems with n states and m control inputs, commanded to move between two fixed states in a prescribed final time. This problem is solved conventionally using Lagrange’s multipliers and it is well known that the optimal solution satisfies 2n first-order linear differential equations in the state and Lagrange multiplier variables. In this paper, a new procedure for dynamic optimization is presented that does not use Lagrange multipliers. In this new procedure applied to a class of linear systems with controllability index p = (n/m), optimal solution satisfies m differential equations of order 2p. The boundary conditions on these m variables are computed in terms of higher derivatives (up to p − 1) at the initial and final time. These higher-order differential equations are solved using classical weighted residual methods, methods relatively unknown to controls community but extremely popular with researchers in mechanics. This new procedure for dynamic optimization, higher order necessary condition solved by weighted residual method, is computationally more efficient compared to other conventional procedures, offering benefits for real-time applications.
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41

Nyman, R., G. Forsgren, and B. Glimelius. "Long-Term Follow-up of Residual Mediastinal Masses in Treated Hodgkin's Disease Using MR Imaging." Acta Radiologica 37, no. 1P1 (January 1996): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02841851960371p168.

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Purpose: Long-term follow-up of residual mediastinal masses in treated Hodgkin's disease using MR imaging. Material and Methods: Ten patients, with substantial residual mediastinal masses of low signal intensity (SI) in the T2-weighted image (T2WI), were reinvestigated with MR 19–79 months after completing treatment of Hodgkin's disease. All patients were in complete remission. Results: During the follow-up period, the masses had decreased in size by 0–95% (median 67%) as compared to their initial post-therapy size. The SI continued to be low in the T2WI and was unaffected by the degree of size reduction. Conclusion: It is speculated that these mainly fibrotic residual masses undergo slow degradation of the fibrotic part and/or resorption of remaining inflammatory tissue. It is important to understand the natural, long-term MR imaging changes of these residual masses in order more easily to recognize tumour recurrence or other pathologic conditions.
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42

Özduman, Koray, Erdem Yıldız, Alp Dinçer, Aydın Sav, and M. Necmettin Pamir. "Using intraoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI to identify residual tumor in glioblastoma surgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 120, no. 1 (January 2014): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.9.jns121924.

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Object The goal of surgery in high-grade gliomas is to maximize the resection of contrast-enhancing tumor without causing additional neurological deficits. Intraoperative MRI improves surgical results. However, when using contrast material intraoperatively, it may be difficult to differentiate between surgically induced enhancement and residual tumor. The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of intraoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI to guide this differential diagnosis and test it against tissue histopathology. Methods Preoperative and intraoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was performed in 21 patients with histopathologically confirmed WHO Grade IV gliomas using intraoperative 3-T MRI. Standardized regions of interest (ROIs) were placed manually at 2 separate contrast-enhancing areas at the resection border for each patient. Time-intensity curves (TICs) were generated for each ROI. All ROIs were biopsied and the TIC types were compared with histopathological results. Pharmacokinetic modeling was performed in the last 10 patients to confirm nonparametric TIC analysis findings. Results Of the 42 manually selected ROIs in 21 patients, 25 (59.5%) contained solid tumor tissue and 17 (40.5%) retained the brain parenchymal architecture but contained infiltrating tumor cells. Time-intensity curves generated from residual contrast-enhancing tumor and their preoperative counterparts were comparable and showed a quick and persistently increasing slope (“climbing type”). All 17 TICs obtained from regions that did not contain solid tumor tissue were undulating and low in amplitude, compared with those obtained from residual tumors (“low-amplitude type”). Pharmacokinetic findings using the transfer constant, extravascular extracellular volume fraction, rate constant, and initial area under the curve parameters were significantly different for the tumor mass, nontumoral regions, and surgically induced contrast-enhancing areas. Conclusions Intraoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI provides quick, reproducible, high-quality, and simply interpreted dynamic MR images in the intraoperative setting and can aid in differentiating surgically induced enhancement from residual tumor.
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43

Syal, R., H. Singh, and K. K. Duggal. "Otogenic brain abscess: management by otologist." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 120, no. 10 (July 6, 2006): 837–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215106001903.

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Introduction: Fifty per cent of brain abscesses in adults and 25 per cent of those in children are otogenic in origin. The current neurosurgical options are to drain the abscess repeatedly through burr holes or to excise it completely with the capsule. We successfully managed 10 cases of brain abscess by draining through the transmastoid route. The technique and its advantages are discussed.Material and methods: The patients underwent surgery at two different institutions. Computed tomography scanning and magnetic resonance imaging were performed, along with diffusion-weighted imaging and in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The abscesses were drained via a transmastoid route.Results: In eight cases, ear disease and brain abscess were treated in a single-stage procedure. In the remaining two cases, residual brain abscess was excised subsequently by our neurosurgical colleagues.Conclusions: Transmastoid drainage of pus can successfully treat mastoid disease and brain abscess in a single surgical intervention. Residual abscess can be subsequently excised, with relatively reduced morbidity. Repeated needling is also avoided with this approach. Diffusion-weighted imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy are helpful.
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44

Jen, Chih Hung. "Evaluation the Performance of Fault Detection for dEWMA Control System." Advanced Materials Research 630 (December 2012): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.630.235.

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Recently, the dEWMA control system has been applied extensively for the semiconductor manufacturing. However, this control scheme exhibits a problem is that the existing R2R control system is scarcely discussed and evaluated about the operation of fault detection. In view of this, the research would combine double exponentially weighted moving average (dEWMA) control, weighted sum squared residual (WSSR), and joint angle analysis (JAA) methods to execute the process control and evaluated the performance of fault detection. Using various process simulations, a better parameter condition in WSSR and JAA algorithm can also be found. At last, a critical step for superconducting wire was used to illustrate the detection procedure for verifying the feasibility in practical application.
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45

Meleshko, A. N., S. A. Kharuzhyk, and N. A. Piatrouskaya. "RESPONSE MONITORING IN FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA BY SYNCHRONOUS EVALUATION OF MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE AND DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED MRI." Experimental Oncology 37, no. 4 (December 22, 2015): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31768/2312-8852.2015.37(4):295-297.

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Aim: To demonstrate quantitative assessment of tumor response to treatment in patients with follicular lymphoma using parallel monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) and diffusion-weighted MRI (MRI-DWI) derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Materials and Methods: Two patients with follicular lymphoma were undergone synchronous evaluation of MRD and MRI-DWI at definite time points before, during and after chemotherapy. MRD level was calculated in diagnostic and follow up samples relative to the highest level of amplification of the target. Allele-specific primer for clonal IgH gene rearrangement was used as a target for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 1.5 Tesla scanner was used for MRI-DWI. The largest non necrotic lymph node was chosen for serial ADC measurement. Results: In first patient MRD reduced drastically in blood after chemotherapy but persisted at low level in bone marrow. Whole body MRI-DWI demonstrated regression of most of tumor lesions except one m arginally enlarged iliac lymph node and allowed to predict tumor progression in this particular anatomical site based on low ADC value after treatment. In the second patient all three methods (MRD, ADC and radiologic evaluation) gave concordant result of complete tumor response and patient remained in a clinical remission during follow-up time. Conclusion: Quantitative PCR measurement may detect very low level of MRD in patients with follicular lymphoma which may have prognostic value. Combination of both PCR-based MRD and quantitative evaluation of MRI-DWI derived ADC provides safe added-value disease monitoring in lymphoma.
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46

Lam, William, Kalev Kask, Javier Larrosa, and Rina Dechter. "Residual-Guided Look-Ahead in AND/OR Search for Graphical Models." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 60 (October 20, 2017): 287–346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.5475.

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We introduce the concept of local bucket error for the mini-bucket heuristics and show how it can be used to improve the power of AND/OR search for combinatorial optimization tasks in graphical models (e.g. MAP/MPE or weighted CSPs). The local bucket error illuminates how the heuristic errors are distributed in the search space, guided by the mini-bucket heuristic. We present and analyze methods for compiling the local bucket-errors (exactly and approximately) and show that they can be used to yield an effective tool for balancing look-ahead overhead during search. This can be especially instrumental when memory is restricted, accommodating the generation of only weak compiled heuristics. We illustrate the impact of the proposed schemes in an extensive empirical evaluation for both finding exact solutions and anytime suboptimal solutions.
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47

Bonnet, Marc, Giulio Maier, and Castrenze Polizzotto. "Symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Methods." Applied Mechanics Reviews 51, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 669–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3098983.

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This review article concerns a methodology for solving numerically, for engineering purposes, boundary and initial-boundary value problems by a peculiar approach characterized by the following features: the continuous formulation is centered on integral equations based on the combined use of single-layer and double-layer sources, so that the integral operator turns out to be symmetric with respect to a suitable bilinear form. The discretization is performed either on a variational basis or by a Galerkin weighted residual procedure, the interpolation and weight functions being chosen so that the variables in the approximate formulation are generalized variables in Prager’s sense. As main consequences of the above provisions, symmetry is exhibited by matrices with a key role in the algebraized versions; some quadratic forms have a clear energy meaning; variational properties characterize the solutions and other results, invalid in traditional boundary element methods enrich the theory underlying the computational applications. The present survey outlines recent theoretical and computational developments of the title methodology with particular reference to linear elasticity, elastoplasticity, fracture mechanics, time-dependent problems, variational approaches, singular integrals, approximation issues, sensitivity analysis, coupling of boundary and finite elements, and computer implementations. Areas and aspects which at present require further research are identified, and comparative assessments are attempted with respect to traditional boundary integral-elements. This article includes 176 references.
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Solsvik, Jannike, and Hugo A. Jakobsen. "Evaluation of Weighted Residual Methods for the Solution of a Population Balance Model Describing Bubbly Flows: The Least-Squares, Galerkin, Tau, and Orthogonal Collocation Methods." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52, no. 45 (November 2013): 15988–6013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie402033b.

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49

Feischl, Michael, Thomas Führer, Gregor Mitscha-Eibl, Dirk Praetorius, and Ernst P. Stephan. "Convergence of Adaptive BEM and Adaptive FEM-BEM Coupling for Estimators Without h-Weighting Factor." Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics 14, no. 4 (October 1, 2014): 485–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cmam-2014-0019.

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AbstractWe analyze adaptive mesh-refining algorithms in the frame of boundary element methods (BEM) and the coupling of finite elements and boundary elements (FEM-BEM). Adaptivity is driven by the two-level error estimator proposed by Ernst P. Stephan, Norbert Heuer, and coworkers in the frame of BEM and FEM-BEM or by the residual error estimator introduced by Birgit Faermann for BEM for weakly-singular integral equations. We prove that in either case the usual adaptive algorithm drives the associated error estimator to zero. Emphasis is put on the fact that the error estimators considered are not even globally equivalent to weighted-residual error estimators for which recently convergence with quasi-optimal algebraic rates has been derived.
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50

Flannigan, M. D., and B. M. Wotton. "A study of interpolation methods for forest fire danger rating in Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 1059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-161.

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Canadian fire control agencies use either simple interpolation methods or none at all in estimating fire danger between weather stations. We compare several methods of interpolation and use the fire weather index in the North Central Region of Ontario as a case study. Our work shows that the second order least square polynomial, the smoothed cubic spline, and the weighted interpolations had the lowest residual sum of squares in our verification scheme. These methods fit the observed data at both high and low fire weather index values. The highly variable nature of the spatial distribution of summer precipitation amount is the biggest problem in interpolating between stations. This factor leads to highly variable fire weather index fields that are the most difficult to interpolate. The use of radar and (or) satellite data could help resolve precipitation patterns with greater precision. These interpolation methods could easily be implemented by fire control agencies to gain a better understanding of fire danger in the region.
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