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Journal articles on the topic 'Weight formulas'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Seddon, Colette, Laurell Lockitt, Sacha Dhanjal, and Michael Eisenhut. "Validation of Advanced Paediatric Life Support Formulas for Weight Calculation in a Multiethnic Population." ISRN Pediatrics 2012 (September 25, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/869634.

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Introduction. The aims of this study were to validate the new formulas for weight calculation introduced by the advanced life support group (alsg) of the United Kingdom in 2011 and compare their performance to the formula currently used by the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and other formulas and to check whether performance of formulas for weight calculation is affected by ethnic group and gender. Methods. Prospective audit of weight versus calculated weight comparing alsg formula with ERC, Luscombe, Argall, and Best Guess formulas analysed for gender, age, and ethnic groups. Results. Prospectively 599 children were included: 157 Asian, 268 Caucasian, and 174 children from other origin. In infants there was no difference between actual weight and alsg formula calculated weight. There was a progressively increased underestimation of weight year by year from 1 to 10 years of age using the ERC formula. In the 6–10 year age group the ERC formula underestimated the weight by a mean of 6.5 kg (21.8%, ) with the alsg and Luscombe formulas performing best. In 11-12 year old children the alsg formula estimated well. Conclusion. In one- to ten-year-old children, the Luscombe formula provided a better weight estimate than alsg and ERC formulas in a multiethnic population.

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2

Ramaiah, Dr Pushpamala, Dr Lamiaa Ahmed Elsayed, and Dr Grace Lindsey Dr Ayman Johargy. "Estimation of Fetal Size and Weight using Various Formulas." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (April 30, 2019): 991–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23231.

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3

Hatziafratis, Telemachos. "Integral formulas with weight factors." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series A. Pure Mathematics and Statistics 52, no. 1 (February 1992): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788700032845.

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4

Polovinkin, V. I. "Asymptotically optimal cubature weight formulas." Siberian Mathematical Journal 30, no. 2 (1989): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00971385.

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5

Essari, Abdulhakim Muhammad. "ESTIMATION OF WING WEIGHT IN CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PHASE FOR TACTICAL UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLS." مجلة الجامعة الأسمرية: العلوم التطبيقية 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.59743/aujas.v3i1.1613.

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New formula for wing weight estimation, in conceptual design phase is derived for a tactical unmanned aerial vehicle (TUAV). Formula is derived by analyzing existing UAVs of the weighs from 100 to 500 kg, and which have similar characteristics. The materials suggested for UAV weight design are aluminum alloys and aluminum based composite materials. Software tools are developed in Matlab to facilitate takeoff and component weight calculations. The least square method is applied to analyze statistical data in order to develop trend functions which correlate TUAVs empty weight and takeoff weight. Existing formulas, developed for general aviation, for wing and takeoff weight estimations are applied to TUAV and promising one are selected and adjusted to TUAV conceptual design phase. Wing weight is related to geometrical parameters, maximum speed, and takeoff weight of the TUAVs. All existing and newly developed formulas are applied to typical TUAV example to validate it applicability.

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6

Weiss, Christoph, Sabine Enengl, Simon Hermann Enzelsberger, Richard Bernhard Mayer, and Peter Oppelt. "Does the Porter formula hold its promise? A weight estimation formula for macrosomic fetuses put to the test." Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 301, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00404-019-05410-7.

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Abstract Purpose Estimating fetal weight using ultrasound measurements is an essential task in obstetrics departments. Most of the commonly used weight estimation formulas underestimate fetal weight when the actual birthweight exceeds 4000 g. Porter et al. published a specially designed formula in an attempt to improve detection rates for such macrosomic infants. In this study, we question the usefulness of the Porter formula in clinical practice and draw attention to some critical issues concerning the derivation of specialized formulas of this type. Methods A retrospective cohort study was carried out, including 4654 singleton pregnancies with a birthweight ≥ 3500 g, with ultrasound examinations performed within 14 days before delivery. Fetal weight estimations derived using the Porter and Hadlock formulas were compared. Results Of the macrosomic infants, 27.08% were identified by the Hadlock formula, with a false-positive rate of 4.60%. All macrosomic fetuses were detected using the Porter formula, with a false-positive rate of 100%; 99.96% of all weight estimations using the Porter formula fell within a range of 4300 g ± 10%. The Porter formula only provides macrosomic estimates. Conclusions The Porter formula does not succeed in distinguishing macrosomic from normal-weight fetuses. High-risk fetuses with a birthweight ≥ 4500 g in particular are not detected more precisely than with the Hadlock formula. For these reasons, we believe that the Porter formula should not be used in clinical practice. Newly derived weight estimation formulas for macrosomic fetuses must not be based solely on a macrosomic data set.

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MUTAVDŽIĆ, RADA M. "Generalized Averaged Gaussian Formulas for Certain Weight Functions." Kragujevac Journal of Mathematics 46, no. 2 (2022): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/kgjmat2202.295m.

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In this paper we analyze the generalized averaged Gaussian quadrature formulas and the simplest truncated variant for one of them for some weight functions on the interval [0, 1] considered by Milovanović in [10]. We shall investigate internality of these formulas for the equivalents of the Jacobi polynomials on this interval and, in some special cases, show the existence of the Gauss-Kronrod quadrature formula. We also include some examples showing the corresponding error estimates for some non-classical orthogonal polynomials.

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8

Geer, Gerard Van Der, Rene Schoof, and Marcel Van Der Vlugt. "Weight Formulas for Ternary Melas Codes." Mathematics of Computation 58, no. 198 (April 1992): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2153217.

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9

van der Geer, Gerard, Ren{é Schoof, and Marcel van der Vlugt. "Weight formulas for ternary Melas codes." Mathematics of Computation 58, no. 198 (May 1, 1992): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0025-5718-1992-1122080-4.

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10

Nikdelan, Younes, and Hossein Movasati. "Product formulas for weight two newforms." Cadernos do IME - Série Matemática, no. 14 (July 1, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/cadmat.2020.48389.

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11

Babenko, V. F. "On optimization of weight quadrature formulas." Ukrainian Mathematical Journal 47, no. 8 (August 1995): 1157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01057706.

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12

Wen, Wu Di, Zhong Le Liu, and Hua Li. "A Method to Ascertain Parameters of Samples and their Feature Weights in the Weighted Fuzzy Clustering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.653.

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The reasonable definitions of samples and their feature weights in weighted fuzzy clustering algorithm based on the thought of normalization and each computational formula are presented. Banding together with computational formulas of samples and their feature weights which derived in weighted FCM, we can get the regions of sample’s weight parameter() and sample feature’s weight parameter(). Then divide the regions into intervals, point out the clustering situations in different intervals and how changing of and affect the clustering result and the choice of feature.Try to explore the relationship between weightd parameter(、) and fuzzy constant(m). Finally, test result demonstrates the validity of the regions of parameter and its partition.

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13

Alirezaei, Somayeh, Elham Azmoude, and Asma Ghaderi. "Error Analysis for Determination of Accuracy of Johnson’s Formula, Dare’s Formula and Mother's Opinion for the Estimation of Birth Weight: Results of an Iranian Cross‐Sectional Study." Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 320–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afmnai-2018-0034.

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Abstract Accurate fetal weight estimation is important for the management of birth. According to the existing literature, none of the clinical techniques is superior to any other. This study aimed to compare error analysis for the determination of the accuracy of Johnson’s formula, Dare’s formula and mother's opinion for the estimation of birth weight. A cross-sectional study involving 147 full-term, cephalic, singleton pregnancies, was performed. The mother’s opinion was recorded and Johnson’s and Dare’s formulas were used to calculate the fetal weight. Accuracy was determined by percentage error, absolute percentage error, and proportion of estimates within 10% of actual birth-weight. Statistical analysis was done using the RM ANOVA, Friedman and Cochran. P < 0.05 was considered significant. The birth weight was correctly estimated in 34.7%, 58.5%, 66% of the cases using the mother’s estimate, Dare’s and Johnson’s formulas. Respectively the proportion of the mother's estimate and Dare’s formula was significantly lower than that of Johnson’s formula for all birth weights. No significant difference was observed in all the measures of accuracy for the low birth-weight range. The mean error of Johnson's formula in both normal weight and macrosomic groups was less than those obtained by the Dare's formula and mother's opinion. The Johnson’s formula is more accurate in actual birth weight estimation than the Dare ’s one and mother's opinion. In the normal weight range, Johnson’s formula is more accurate of the two, while in the macrosomic group, Dare’s formula appears to be more accurate.

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Khan, Majid, and Muhammad Riaz. "COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN VARIOUS PEDIATRICS DOSE CALCULATION FORMULAS: A CASE STUDY OF 12 YEARS CHILD FOR PARACETAMOL." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 3 (May 26, 2020): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i3.2020.161.

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In this piece of study one case evaluated relevant to the dose calculation in which six formulas utilized for calculation of optimal doses and comparison between these formulas as well as beauty of all formulas. The different formulas used like on the basis of age includes Young rules, Dilling rules, Bastedo rules, Crowling, on the basis of weight Clark and Majid formula used and for Body Surface Area Mosteller formula utilized. The result of the current study purports for one patient of Paracetamol dose in which Young formula result is 250 mg, Dilling 300mg, Bastedo 250mg, Crowling 270.9mg, on weight basis 278.5mg by Clark and Majid rule also 278.5 and 329mg by Mosteller Body Surface Area formula, the mean of the current result is 279.4mg that is nearest to weight formula considered as better and BSA formula shows 329mg that is in the category of therapeutic window because in British National Formulary Paracetamol dose ranges from 250-500mg and some authors reported Dilling rule is good due to simplicity and brevity. The current study concluded Dilling rule is the simplest one, weight base is nearest to average range and the most appropriate formula is BSA but slight lengthy in calculation. Dose calculation play crucial role in clinical condition of the patient and proper formula should be selected in order to get better therapeutic outcomes.

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15

Udovičić, Zlatko, and Mirna Udovičić. "A certain class of quadratures with even Tchebychev weights." Analele Universitatii "Ovidius" Constanta - Seria Matematica 20, no. 1 (May 1, 2012): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10309-012-0030-7.

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Abstract We are considering the quadrature formulas of “practical type” (with five knots) for approximate computation of integral [xxx] where w(·) denotes (even) Tchebychev weight function. We prove that algebraic degree of exactness of those formulas can not be greater than five. We also determined some admissible nodes and compared proposed formula with some other quadrature formulas.

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16

Ramakrishnan, B., Brundaban Sahu, and Anup Kumar Singh. "On the number of representations by certain octonary quadratic forms with coefficients 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6." International Journal of Number Theory 14, no. 03 (March 25, 2018): 751–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042118500483.

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In this paper, we find formulas for the number of representations of certain diagonal octonary quadratic forms with coefficients [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We obtain these formulas by constructing explicit bases of the space of modular forms of weight [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] with character.

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17

Gabbay-Benziv, Rinat, Amir Aviram, Ron Bardin, Eran Ashwal, Nir Melamed, Liran Hiersch, Arnon Wiznitzer, Yariv Yogev, and Eran Hadar. "Prediction of Small for Gestational Age: Accuracy of Different Sonographic Fetal Weight Estimation Formulas." Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 40, no. 3 (2016): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443881.

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Objective: To compare the accuracy of various sonographic estimated fetal weight (sEFW) formulas for the prediction of small for gestational age (SGA) neonates. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 6,126 fetal biometrical measurements performed within 3 days of delivery. SGA prediction was evaluated for various sEFW formulas by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive value (PPV/NPV), likelihood ratio (+LR/-LR), overall accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Systematic error, random error, proportion of estimates >10% of birth weights, actual and absolute weight differences were compared between SGA and non-SGA neonates. Results: Overall, 638 (10.4%) neonates were SGA. There was considerable variation among formulas in sensitivity (mean ± SD, 62 ± 14.4%; range, 32.4-91.2), PPV (72.5 ± 10.7%; 45.8-95.6) and +LR (24.2 ± 10.9; 7.2-57.3), mild variation in specificity (96.6 ± 2.7%; 87.4-99.4), NPV (94.6 ± 5.3%; 72.2-98.9) and -LR (0.4 ± 0.1; 0.1-0.7) and minimal variation in AUC (mean, 0.93; range, 0.91-0.93). The majority of formulas had a lower accuracy for the SGA neonates, with systematic error and random error ranging from -4.2 to 14.3% and from 8.4 to 12.9% for SGA, and from -8.7 to 16.1% and from 7.2 to 10.5% for non-SGA, respectively. Conclusion: sEFW formulas differ in their accuracy for SGA prediction. In our population, the most accurate formula for SGA prediction was Hadlock's formula utilizing femur length, abdominal and head circumference.

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Bosch, William, Jennifer Sizoo, Anita Curtis, Shannon Klein, Cheryl Micale, and E.-Sin Lin. "Technology Tips: Fishy Formulas." Mathematics Teacher 90, no. 8 (November 1997): 666–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.90.8.0666.

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With increased emphasis on implementing national and local standards in the classroom, educators are searching for authentic learning tasks and evaluation strategies. The NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM 1989) encourages teachers to provide students with real-life problems and mathematical explorations. One such problem, presented in sports-fishing magazines, is developing a formula that predicts the weight (W) in pounds of a game fish given its length (L) in inches. Since length is easier to approximate, or actually measure, than weight, the length of the fish is considered the independent variable, and weight, the dependent variable. Sternberg (1996, 58–59) and Giordano and Weir (1985, 59–62) suggest the formula

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Megawati, M. Angelina, I. D. Dewijanti, E. Supriadi, N. Artanti, A. Darmawan, T. Ernawati, and H. Mulyani. "THE INHIBITORY ON LIPASE ACTIVITY AND LD50 DETERMINATION OF HERBAL FORTIFIED GREEN TEA (GAMBOENG TEA)." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 15, no. 03 (2022): 1816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2022.1536843.

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A randomized controlled trial was conducted on three formulas of an herbal drink containing green “gamboeng” tea fortified with bay leaf and cinnamon bark at various concentrations. One gram of mixed formula was brewed in hot water at 700 C-90 0C for 10–15 minutes, and the yield of each plant was determined. We also determined the phenolic content and lipase inhibition activity of each formula. We obtained a yield of each plant with green “gamboeng” tea (66.2 %), bay leaves (10.7 %), and cinnamon bark (44.8 %). Green “gamboeng” tea has the highest percentage of phenolic compound 30.25 ± 1.201 %. Inhibition lipase activity was calculated using an Elisa reader at  =405 nm. We have three formulas with the highest lipase inhibition activity. For the three formulas, a mixture of green “gamboeng” tea, bay leaf, and cinnamon bark was F-3.2 (80.598%), F-4.1(74.306), and F-5.2 (80.299%). We also conducted acute toxicity for the formulas above using rats as an animal model. We observed the body weight, organ weight, motoric, and mortality of rats during 14 days of observation, after using the formula with the concentration of 3.75, 7.5, and 15 g/kg body weight. We also used a control group of rats in this experiment. The results of acute toxicity showed no mortality of rats from the lowest to the highest doses. We concluded that LD50 of the three formulas was > 15 g/kg body weight. Between the treated groups and the control groups for organ weight and motoric activity showed no significant difference. Our conclusion is that this herbal formula drink has an activity for lipase inhibition, and is also safe for consumption by humans that suffer from obesity.

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Kansara, Dr Tejalben, Dr Nikhil Anand, and Dr Neha Makwana. "Comparative Study for Estimation of Fetal Weight by Various Clinical Methods and its Correlation with Actual Birth Weight." December 2022 14, no. 2 (December 10, 2022): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.56018/bjkines20221215.

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Introduction:Fetal weight, in conjunction with gestational age, is an important indicator of pregnancy outcome.Accurate estimation of fetal weight is of paramount importance in the management of labor and delivery and it also help in avoidance of complications associated with fetal excessive or low-birth-weight babies, thereby decreasing perinatal morbidity and mortality. Various clinical formulae like Johnson’s formula & Dare’s formula are in use for fetal weight estimation. Aim of the study was to assess the fetal weight in term pregnancy by various clinical methods- Dare’s formula & Johnson’s formula and its comparison and correlation with actual birth weight.Materials & Method: It was a prospective observational study of 334 women at term pregnancy at GMERS medical college & Hospital, Vadnagar from April 2021 to July 2021. The formulas used in this study were: Johnson’s formula and Dare’s formula. The measurements were compared with actual birth weight after the birth of baby.Results: The mean actual birth weight was 2759.07±466.15 grams. The mean estimated birth weight by Dare’s and Johnson’s method was 2845.79±453.43 grams and grams 2990.81±413.68respectively. Dare’s method was more accurate and had least maximum and minimum error than Johnson’s method.Conclusion: Dare’s formula is an inexpensive method for fetal birth weight estimation. It can be used on large scale because of its low cost, ease of use, and need for little training as the setup for ultra sonographic evaluation is not readily available in rural setups. Keywords: Abdominal Girth, Actual birth weight, Dare’s formula, Estimated birth weight, Johnson’s formula, Symphysio-fundal height.

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Scott, F., P. Beeby, J. Abbott, D. Edelman, and A. Boogert. "New formula for estimating fetal weight below 1000 g: comparison with existing formulas." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 15, no. 10 (October 1996): 669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/jum.1996.15.10.669.

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22

Esinler, Deniz, Oya Bircan, Sertac Esin, Elif Gulsah Sahin, Omer Kandemir, and Serdar Yalvac. "Finding the Best Formula to Predict the Fetal Weight: Comparison of 18 Formulas." Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 80, no. 2 (July 10, 2015): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000365814.

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23

Masjed-Jamei, Mohammad, and Gradimir Milovanovic. "Construction of Gaussian quadrature formulas for even weight functions." Applicable Analysis and Discrete Mathematics 11, no. 1 (2017): 177–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aadm1701177m.

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Instead of a quadrature rule of Gaussian type with respect to an even weight function on (?a, a) with n nodes, we construct the corresponding Gaussian formula on (0, a2) with only [(n+1)/2] nodes. Especially, such a procedure is important in the cases of nonclassical weight functions, when the elements of the corresponding three-diagonal Jacobi matrix must be constructed numerically. In this manner, the influence of numerical instabilities in the process of construction can be significantly reduced, because the dimension of the Jacobi matrix is halved. We apply this approach to Pollaczek?s type weight functions on (?1, 1), to the weight functions on R which appear in the Abel-Plana summation processes, as well as to a class of weight functions with four free parameters, which covers the generalized ultraspherical and Hermite weights. Some numerical examples are also included.

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Kusumaningtyas, Dian, Abkar Raden, and Farida Kartini. "Comparison of Estimation Fetal Weight (EFW) using the Niswander Method and the Risanto Formula on Birth Weight." Journal of Midwifery 7, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jom.7.2.1-6.2022.

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Fetal growth monitoring can be observed by measuring the Symphysis-Fundal Height (SFH). To determine fetal growth, the SFH measurement is calculated into the Estimation Fetal Weight (EFW) formula. EFW formulas using SFH measurements include the Niswander method and the Risanto formula. This study aims to compare the results of the calculation of the EFW formula which is closest to the birth weight of the baby. This study is a comparative descriptive study with a cross-sectional design, which measures the SFH and weighs the baby's birth weight directly. The population of this research is pregnant women who will give birth at RSUD Soewondo Kendal. A total of 176 samples were taken using a consecutive sampling technique. The results of the independent t-test showed that the Risanto formula had no difference in the birth weight of the baby, while the Niswander method had a significant difference in the actual birth weight of the baby.

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25

Wang, Hong, Guangjun Zhu, Li Xu, and Jiaqi Zhang. "Algebraic Properties of Edge Ideals of Some Vertex-Weighted Oriented Cyclic Graphs." Algebra Colloquium 28, no. 02 (May 11, 2021): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1005386721000201.

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We provide some exact formulas for the projective dimension and regularity of edge ideals associated to some vertex-weighted oriented cyclic graphs with a common vertex or edge. These formulas are functions in the weight of the vertices, and the numbers of edges and cycles. Some examples show that these formulas are related to direction selection and the assumption that [Formula: see text] for any vertex [Formula: see text] cannot be dropped.

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IOHARA, KENJI, and FEODOR MALIKOV. "SOLUTIONS TO KNIZHNIK-ZAMOLODCHIKOV EQUATIONS WITH COEFFICIENTS IN NON-BOUNDED MODULES." Modern Physics Letters A 08, no. 38 (December 14, 1993): 3613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773239300235x.

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We explicitly write down integral formulas for solutions to Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations with coefficients in non-bounded — neither highest nor lowest weight — [Formula: see text]-modules. The formulas are closely related to WZNW model at a rational level.

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Stevens, Jan V., Nina Prieto, Elika Ridelman, Justin D. Klein, and Christina M. Shanti. "520 Weight-based vs. BSA-based Fluid Resuscitation Predictions in Pediatric Burn Patients." Journal of Burn Care & Research 42, Supplement_1 (April 1, 2021): S107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab032.171.

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Abstract Introduction Current practice for major pediatric burns includes fluid resuscitation using formulas that estimate fluid requirements based on weight and/or body surface area (BSA) along with percent total burn surface area (TBSA). Adult studies have shown that these formulas can cause fluid overload in obese patients and increase risk of complications. These findings have not been validated in pediatric patients. This study aims to evaluate whether a weight-based resuscitation formula increases the risk of complications in obese children following burn injuries and compares fluid estimates to those that incorporate BSA. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 110 children (≤ 18 years old) admitted to an ABA-verified urban pediatric burn center from October 2008 to May 2020. Patients had ≥15% TBSA, were resuscitated with the weight-based Parkland formula, and had fluids titrated to urine output every two hours (1 ml/kg/hr if ≤ 30kg; 0.5 ml/kg/hr if > 30kg). Demographics, burn type, and TBSA were collected on admission. BSA-based Galveston and BSA-incorporated Cincinnati formula resuscitation predictions were also calculated. Output and input volumes were collected at 8h and 24h post-injury. Complications were collected throughout the hospital stay. Patients were classified into CDC-defined weight groups based on percentile ranges. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics version 10.0. Results This study included 11 underweight, 60 normal weight, 18 overweight, and 21 obese children. Our patients had a mean age-based weight CDC percentile of 62.2%, and mean TBSA of 25.4%. Predicted resuscitation volumes increased as CDC percentile increased for all three formulas (p=0.033, 0.092, 0.038), however there were no significant differences between overweight and obese children. Total fluid administered was higher as CDC percentile increased (p=0.023). However, overweight children received more total fluid than obese children. The difference between total fluids given and Galveston predicted resuscitation volumes were significant across all groups (p=0.042); however, the difference using the Parkland and Cincinnati formulas were not statistically significant. There were more children in the normal weight group who developed complications compared to other groups, but these findings were not significant. Conclusions The Parkland formula tended to underpredict fluid needs in the underweight, normal weight, and overweight children, and it overpredicted fluid needs for the obese. Further research is needed to determine the value of weight-based vs BSA-based or incorporated formulas in terms of their risk of complications.

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Mihic, Ljubica, Aleksandar Pejcev, and Miodrag Spalevic. "Error estimations of Turán formulas with Gori-Micchelli and generalized Chebyshev weight functions." Filomat 32, no. 20 (2018): 6927–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1820927m.

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S. Li in [Studia Sci. Math. Hungar. 29 (1994) 71-83] proposed a Kronrod type extension to the well-known Tur?n formula. He showed that such an extension exists for any weight function. For the classical Chebyshev weight function of the first kind, Li found the Kronrod extension of Tur?n formula that has all its nodes real and belonging to the interval of integration, [-1,1]. In this paper we show the existence and the uniqueness of the additional two cases - the Kronrod exstensions of corresponding Gauss-Tur?n quadrature formulas for special case of Gori-Micchelli weight function and for generalized Chebyshev weight function of the second kind, that have all their nodes real and belonging to the integration interval [-1,1]. Numerical results for the weight coefficients in these cases are presented, while the analytic formulas of the nodes are known.

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Ramirez López, Erik, Debbie Puente Hernández, Nohemí Liliana Negrete López, Araceli Serna-Gutiérrez, Zuli Calderón Ramos, Arianna Omaña-Covarrubias, Elena Flores-Guillen, and Alexandra Tijerina-Sáenz. "COMPARISON OF PERCEIVED WEIGHT AS IDEAL AGAINST IDEAL BODY WEIGHT FORMULAS AND BODY MASS INDEX OF 22 KG/M2 IN YOUNG ADULT WOMEN." RESPYN Revista Salud Pública y Nutrición 17, no. 1 (May 2, 2018): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29105/respyn17.1-2.

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SUMMARYIntroduction: Formulas of ideal body weight (IBW) including the body mass index (BMI) of 22 kg/m2 are used under the assumption to provide a healthy weight. Objective: We compare the perceived ideal body weight (PIBW) with the calculated IBW by formulas and the BMI of 22. Methods: We recruited 705 women (20-25 y). Six common formulas and 2 published equations by our team were used. Results: Group regression analysis determined that including the frame size improves the agreement of formulas of Robinson et al, Hammond and Hamwi with the PIBW (p>0.05). Individually, the concordance analysis (higher % of differences <2 kg: PIBW - IBW by formula), determined that for a measured BMI <20, only the Faspyn 1 formula needs to be adjusted by frame size; while Robinson et al, Hammond, Tokunaga (BMI of 22), Faspyn 2 (BMI of 22) and Broca, are equivalent with the PIBW in different intervals of BMI. Conclusions: According to the BMI perceived as overweight (23.8 kg/m2) and perceived as ideal (21.1 kg/m2), caution is suggested when using the IBW formulas for BMI of 22 as a diagnosis. The IBW formulas and BMI of 22 does not necessarily represent a desirable or aesthetic weight. Comparación del peso percibido como ideal con fórmulas de peso ideal y el IMC de 22 kg/m2 en mujeres jóvenes.RESUMEN Introducción: El peso ideal calculado con fórmulas (PIF) y con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 22 kg/m2 se emplea bajo el supuesto de proporcionar un peso saludable o estético. Objetivo: Comparar el peso percibido como ideal (PPI) contra el PIF y del IMC de 22. Métodos: Se reclutaron 705 mujeres (20-25 años). Empleamos seis fórmulas comunes y 2 publicadas previamente. Resultados: El análisis de regresión grupal determinó que incluir la complexión corporal mejora la concordancia de las fórmulas de Robinson et al, Hammond y Hamwi con el PPI (p>0.05). Individualmente, el análisis de concordancia (porcentaje mayor de diferencias <2 kg: PPI-PIF), determinó que para un IMC <20 kg/m2 solo la fórmula de Faspyn 1 debe ajustarse por la complexión corporal, mientras que las fórmulas de Robinson et al, Hammond, Tokunaga (IMC de 22), Faspyn 2 (IMC de 22) y Broca, son equivalentes con el PPI en diferentes intervalos de IMC. Conclusiones: de acuerdo con el IMC percibido como sobrepeso (23.8 kg/m2) y percibido como ideal (21.1 kg/m2), las fórmulas de peso ideal y el IMC de 22 deben ser usados con precaución en el diagnóstico de peso ideal ya que no necesariamente representan un peso deseable o estético.

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Shmueli, Anat, Amir Aviram, Ron Bardin, Kinneret Tenenbaum-Gavish, Arnon Wiznitzer, Rony Chen, and Rinat Gabbay-Benziv. "Sonographic prediction of small and large for gestational age in breech-presenting fetuses." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 46, no. 7 (September 25, 2018): 744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2016-0323.

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Abstract Introduction: To evaluate various sonographic estimated fetal weight (sEFW) formulas’ accuracy for small- and large-for-gestational age (SGA/LGA) prediction in breech-presenting fetuses. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of all ultrasound-based fetal biometrical measurements performed within 3 days of delivery in term pregnancies, in one medical center (2007–2014). Overall, 274 breech-presenting fetuses (study group) were compared to 274 vertex-presenting fetuses (control group) matched by gender, gestational age and birth weight. sEFW was calculated by six previously published formulas. Accuracy was compared utilizing systematic error and random error for every formula. Prediction precision of SGA and LGA was evaluated by calculating each formula’s sensitivity, specificity, +/− predictive value, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Results: Systematic error and random error varied greatly between formulas, ranging from −7.4% to 3.1%, 7.3% to 8.3% for the vertex-presenting fetuses and −8.9% to 1.9%, 7.9% to 8.6% for the breech-presenting fetuses, respectively. There was no statistical difference in small- or large-for-gestational age prediction parameters between the groups. The highest sensitivity and specificity for prediction was achieved by same formula regardless of presentation. Conclusion: In our cohort, overall accuracy was slightly superior among vertex-presenting fetuses without difference in prediction accuracy for small- and large-for-gestational age neonates.

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FEIGON, BROOKE, and DAVID WHITEHOUSE. "EXACT AVERAGES OF CENTRAL VALUES OF TRIPLE PRODUCT L-FUNCTIONS." International Journal of Number Theory 06, no. 07 (November 2010): 1609–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179304211000368x.

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We obtain exact formulas for central values of triple product L-functions averaged over newforms of weight 2 and prime level. We apply these formulas to non-vanishing problems. This paper uses a period formula for the triple product L-function proved by Gross and Kudla.

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Young, Bridget. "Variation in Infant Formula Macronutrient Ingredients Is Associated with Infant Anthropometrics." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 3465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113465.

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Background: There is wide variation in the macronutrient ingredient base of infant formula. How variation in macronutrient ingredients may impact infant growth remains largely unknown. Methods: The 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset was utilized, including infant anthropometrics and dietary intake. The protein, fat, and carbohydrate sources of formulas consumed were assembled and considered as potential predictors in multivariable models of infant Z-scores among infants < 6 months, 6–12 months and all infants combined (0–12 months). Results: The following relationships represent ingredient covariates within the final multivariable models of infant Z-scores. Consuming formula with palm oil was associated with higher weight-for-length Z-scores among infants < 6 months, but lower weight-for-age and weight-for-length Z-scores among infants 6–12 months. Consuming soy-protein formulas was associated with lower weight-for-length, head circumference-for-age and abdominal circumference-for-age Z-scores among infants < 6 months. Consuming sucrose-containing formula was associated with higher weight-for-length and abdominal circumference-for-age Z-score among infants 0–12 months. Conclusions: These data provide proof-of-concept that all formulas are not the same. Variation in macronutrient ingredients within the standard formula category is associated with differences in infant anthropometric outcomes. Long-term and mechanistic studies are warranted to pursue these findings; especially for palm oil, soy protein, and sucrose.

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Yoshizumi, Shutaro, and Ken'ichi Kuga. "Some formulas in $\mathfrak {sl}_3$ weight systems." Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series A, Mathematical Sciences 75, no. 7 (September 1999): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3792/pjaa.75.134.

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Ying, Guang Shi. "On Turán Quadrature Formulas for the Chebyshev Weight." Journal of Approximation Theory 96, no. 1 (January 1999): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jath.1998.3222.

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Shi, Ying Guang. "On Gaussian Quadrature Formulas for the Chebyshev Weight." Journal of Approximation Theory 98, no. 1 (May 1999): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jath.1998.3284.

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Hoopmann, M., B. Bernau, N. Hart, R. Schild, and J. Siemer. "Do Specific Weight Formulas for Fetuses ≤ 1500 g Really Improve Weight Estimation?" Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound 31, no. 01 (January 20, 2010): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1109481.

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Borschel, Marlene W., Yong S. Choe, and Janice A. Kajzer. "Growth of Healthy Term Infants Fed Partially Hydrolyzed Whey-Based Infant Formula." Clinical Pediatrics 53, no. 14 (July 8, 2014): 1375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922814541804.

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Partially hydrolyzed formulas (pHF) represent a significant percentage of the infant formula market. A new whey-based, palm olein oil (PO)–free pHF was developed and a masked, randomized, parallel growth study was conducted in infants fed this formula or a commercially available whey-based pHF with PO. Infants between 0 and 8 days were to be enrolled and studied to 119 days of age. Growth and tolerance of infants were evaluated. Mean weight gain from 14 to 119 days of age was similar between groups. There were no significant differences between groups in weight, length, head circumference (HC), or length or HC gains. Infants fed the new PO-free pHF had significantly softer stools than those fed the PO-containing formula except at 119 days of age. This study demonstrates that whereas growth of infants fed different formulas during the first 4 months of life may be similar, infants may tolerate individual formulas differently.

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Adam, Mohamed. "Predicting Fetal Weight by Ultrasonography Using Hadlock Formula 1." International Journal of Biomedicine 12, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21103/article12(1)_oa5.

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Background: Accurate fetal weight estimations by ultrasound are essential in determining the method and time of delivery. Hadlock formulas have been proposed for providing fetal weight estimations, including Hadlock 1, Hadlock 2, Hadlock 3, and Hadlock 4. Because none of the formulas have been verified, it is unknown which one can be best applied to the Saudi population. This study aims to determine the validity of the Hadlock formula 1 for EFW by using ultrasonography. Methods and Results: The study sample was 198 women with singleton pregnancies with gestational ages between 37 and 41 weeks, admitted for ultrasound evaluation. The FW was estimated by ultrasound using the Hadlock formula 1. After the ultrasound EFW, we followed up with the pregnant women within three days (from ultrasound scan to delivery date) and measured actual BW. The study found that the mean BW was 3179±387 g, ranging from 2500 g to 4290 g. The mean ultrasound EFW was 3055±378 g, ranging from 2500 g to 4100 g. The difference between the mean ultrasound EFW and actual BW (123.81±107.95 g) was significant (P=0.0014).The formula for prediction of birth weight is BW=0.9831EFW by ultrasound±175.55g. In addition, a significantly positive correlation was found between ultrasound EFW and BW (r=0.961, P=0.000). Conclusion: The significantly positive correlation between EFW by ultrasound and BW indicates that the Hadlock formula 1 for predicting FW is accurate, valid, and effective in the research environment.

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Medzhidov, Ziaudin. "Inversion of the Radon V-transform with a power-law weight on the plane." Daghestan Electronic Mathematical Reports, no. 17 (June 1, 2022): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31029/demr.17.3.

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MACHIDE, TOMOYA. "WEIGHTED SUMS WITH TWO PARAMETERS OF MULTIPLE ZETA VALUES AND THEIR FORMULAS." International Journal of Number Theory 08, no. 08 (September 19, 2012): 1903–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042112501084.

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A typical formula of multiple zeta values is the sum formula which expresses a Riemann zeta value as a sum of all multiple zeta values of fixed weight and depth. Recently weighted sum formulas, which are weighted analogues of the sum formula, have been studied by many people. In this paper, we give two formulas of weighted sums with two parameters of multiple zeta values. As applications of the formulas, we find some linear combinations of multiple zeta values which can be expressed as polynomials of usual zeta values with coefficients in the rational polynomial ring generated by the two parameters, and obtain some identities for weighted sums of multiple zeta values.

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Prajapati, Darshit G., and Riddhi M. Patel. "Comparison of various method of fetal birth weight estimation in term pregnancy." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 3 (February 27, 2018): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20180892.

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Introduction: Knowledge of fetal weight in utero is vital for the obstetrician in deciding whether or not to deliver the fetus as well as in fixing the mode of delivery. Both low birth weight and excessive fetal weight at delivery are associated with increased risk of newborn complications during labor and the puerperium. Various clinical formulae like Johnson's formula & Dare's formula and USG are in use for fetal weight estimation.Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the fetal weight in term pregnancies by various methods- Dare’s formula, Johnson's formula and Hadlock's formula using ultrasound, and to compare the methods after knowing the actual weight of the baby after birth.Methods: It is a prospective observational study of 227 women at term pregnancy at GMERS medical college & Hospital, sola , Ahmedabad from April 2014 to April 2016. The formulas used in this study are: Johnson's formula, Dare’s formula and Hadlock-4 formula using ultrasound.Result: Results vary in terms of accuracy with various methods employed for estimating the fetal weight. This study showed that Hadlock-4 was the best indicator among all other methods assessed followed by Dare’s formula.Conclusion: Whenever the Facility is available, Ultrasound is the best method for birth weight assessment. Dare’s formula is an inexpensive method for screening for fetal growth restriction. It continues to be used in many countries on large scale because of its low cost, ease of use, and need for little training as the setup for ultrasonographic evaluation is not readily available in rural setups.

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BARNESS, LEWIS A. "Chloride-Deficient Formulas." Pediatrics 81, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.81.2.326a.

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To the Editor.— In addition to the numerous caveats described in the paper by Willoughby et al (Pediatrics 1987;79:851-857), a number of other serious criticisms should be noted. General recommendations for the use of soy bean formula frequently included the assumption that some risk factor existed in the child, limiting the use of milk-based formulas. Indeed, in the 20 infants reported by Willoughby et al, 11 are said to have had other risk factors, such as hyperbilirubinemia in six, ventricular septal defects in two, and one each with low birth weight, twinning, and Pierre-Robin anomalad.

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Lovrić, Boris, Siniša Šijanović, Joško Lešin, and Josip Juras. "Diagnostic accuracy of modified Hadlock formula for fetal macrosomia in women with gestational diabetes and pregnancy weight gain above recommended." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 49, no. 7 (April 16, 2021): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2021-0013.

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Abstract Objectives Women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and weight gain during pregnancy above recommended more often give birth to macrosomic children. The goal of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the modified formula for ultrasound assessment of fetal weight created in a pilot study using a similar specimen in comparison to the Hadlock-2 formula. Methods This is a prospective, cohort, applicative, observational, quantitative, and analytical study, which included 213 pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy, GDM, and pregnancy weight gain above recommended. Participants were consecutively followed in the time period between July 1st, 2016, and August 31st, 2020. Ultrasound estimations were made within three days before the delivery. Fetal weights estimated using both formulas were compared to the newborns’ weights. Results A total of 133 fetal weight estimations were made. In comparison to the newborns’ weight modified formula had significantly smaller deviation in weight estimation compared to the Hadlock-2 formula, higher frequency of deviation within 5% of newborns weights (78.2% [95% CI=0.74–0.83] vs. 60.2%), smaller frequency of deviations from 5 to 10% (19.5 vs. 33.8%) and above 10%, which was even more significant among macrosomic children. There were 36/50 (72%) correctly diagnosed cases of macrosomia by modified and 33/50 (66%) by Hadlock-2 formula. Area under the curve (AUC) for the modified formula was 0.854 (95% CI=0.776–0.932), and for the Hadlock-2 formula 0.824 (95% CI=0.740–0.908). The positive predictive value of the modified formula was 81.81%, the negative 97.91%. Conclusions In cases of greater fetal weights, the modified formula showed greater precision.

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Mudrov, Viktor A. "Possibilities of geometric modeling in reducing the error of estimated fetal weight calculation." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 69, no. 4 (September 28, 2020): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd69413-22.

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Hypothesis/aims of study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibilities of geometric modeling in reducing the error of estimated fetal weight calculation. Study design, materials and methods. During the first stage of the study, a mathematical dependency was determined by geometric modeling of the results of an objective examination of the pregnant woman, which hypothetically will reduce the error of estimated fetal weight calculation. The second stage of the study included a prospective analysis of the error of the developed method and standard formulas for estimated fetal weight calculation at full-term pregnancy, and the third stage at preterm pregnancy. Weighing the newborn is the gold standard, which allows to objectively assess the error of the studied formulas. Results. The average value of the relative error of fetal weight calculation using the Jordanias formula was 14,2%, the Johnsons 18,6%, the Lankowitzs 16,2%, the Yakubovas 12,2%, the Rudakovs method 14,3%, and the developed formula 9,0%. Conclusion. The data obtained confirmed the high importance of geometric modeling in reducing the error of estimated fetal weight calculation.

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Herawati, Netti, Herinawati Herinawati, Ajeng Galuh Wuryandari, Ry Eny Mian Marisi Simanjuntak, and Miftahul Jannah. "Perbandingan Ketepatan Formula Risanto dan Johnson Toshack dalam Menentukan Taksiran Berat Janin." Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim Jambi 11, no. 2 (September 15, 2022): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.36565/jab.v11i2.592.

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Measurement of uterine fundal height (TFU) to determine the estimated fetal weight (TBJ) is an important component of antenatal care in labor management. Babies born with low body weight or born with very large body weight are associated with increased complications during labor and the puerperium. This study aims to compare the accuracy of the Risanto and Johnson Toshack formulas in determining the estimated fetal weight. The design of this study was cross-sectional, with the sample being parturient mothers in the PMB working area of the Tangkit Health Center in 2022 who met the inclusion criteria, which amounted to 87 people. The sampling technique is accidental sampling. The results showed that the Risanto and Johnson Toshack formulas were compatible in estimating the baby's birth weight (p-value 0.497 and 0.377). The average difference between the TBJ of Risanto's theory and the baby's weight is 34.42 grams, while the average difference between the TBJ of Johnson Toshack's formula is 171.15 grams. The test results comparing the accuracy of the Risanto formula and the Johnson Toshack formula, the average value of TBJ Johnson Toshack is greater than the average value of TBJ Risanto, and TBJ Risanto is closer to the baby's birth weight. The conclusion of this study shows that Risanto's TBJ measurement is more accurate than Johnson's TBJ Toshack. Measurement TBJ uses the Risanto formula that health workers can apply to detect fetal well-being, including estimated fetal weight during pregnancy and delivery.

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Torloni, Maria Regina, Nelson Sass, Jussara Leiko Sato, Ana Carolina Pinheiro Renzi, Maísa Fukuyama, and Paula Rubia de Lucca. "Clinical formulas, mother's opinion and ultrasound in predicting birth weight." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 126, no. 3 (May 2008): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802008000300002.

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Accurate fetal weight estimation is important for labor and delivery management. So far, there has not been any conclusive evidence to indicate that any technique for fetal weight estimation is superior to any other. Clinical formulas for fetal weight estimation are easy to use but have not been extensively studied in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of clinical formulas for fetal weight estimation compared to maternal and ultrasound estimates. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study involving 100 full-term, cephalic, singleton pregnancies delivered within three days of fetal weight estimation. The setting was a tertiary public teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Upon admission, the mother's opinion about fetal weight was recorded. Symphyseal-fundal height and abdominal girth were measured and two formulas were used to calculate fetal weight. An ultrasound scan was then performed by a specialist to estimate fetal weight. The four estimates were compared with the birth weight. The accuracy of the estimates was assessed by calculating the percentage that was within 10% of actual birth weight for each method. The chi-squared test was used for comparisons and p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The birth weight was correctly estimated (Â± 10%) in 59%, 57%, 61%, and 65% of the cases using the mother's estimate, two clinical formulas, and ultrasound estimate, respectively. The accuracy of the four methods did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION: Clinical formulas for fetal weight prediction are as accurate as maternal and ultrasound estimates.

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Porat, S., N. Yanai, and S. Yagel. "P04.05: Local and personalised operator-tailored fetal weight estimation formulas are better than standard formulas." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 52 (October 2018): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.19648.

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Luecke, Kiran. "Character formulas from matrix factorizations." American Journal of Mathematics 145, no. 4 (August 2023): 1315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ajm.2023.a902959.

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abstract: In this paper I present a new and unified method of proving character formulas for discrete series representations of connected Lie groups by applying a Chern character-type construction to the matrix factorizations of Freed-Hopkins-Teleman. In the case of a compact group I recover the Kirillov formula, thereby exhibiting the work of Freed-Teleman as a categorification of the Kirillov correspondence. In the case of a real semisimple group I recover the Rossman character formula with only a minimal amount of analysis. The appeal of this method is that it relies almost entirely on highest-weight theory, which is a far more ubiquitous phenomenon than the varied techniques that were previously used to prove such formulas.

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Hagdorn, Quint A. J., Guido P. L. Bossers, Anne-Marie C. Koop, Arnold Piek, Tim R. Eijgenraam, Diederik E. van der Feen, Herman H. W. Silljé, Rudolf A. de Boer, and Rolf M. F. Berger. "A novel method optimizing the normalization of cardiac parameters in small animal models: the importance of dimensional indexing." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 316, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): H1552—H1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00182.2019.

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For indexing cardiac measures in small animal models, tibia length (TL) is a recommended surrogate for body weight (BW) that aims to avoid biases because of disease-induced BW changes. However, we question if indexing by TL is mathematically correct. This study aimed to investigate the relation between TL and BW, heart weight, ventricular weights, and left ventricular diameter to optimize the current common practice of indexing cardiac parameters in small animal models. In 29 healthy Wistar rats (age 5–34 wk) and 116 healthy Black 6 mice (age 3–17 wk), BW appeared to scale nonlinearly to TL1 but linearly to TL3. Formulas for indexing cardiac weights were derived. To illustrate the effects of indexing, cardiac weights between the 50% with highest BW and the 50% with lowest BW were compared. The nonindexed cardiac weights differed significantly between groups, as could be expected ( P < 0.001). However, after indexing by TL1, indexed cardiac weights remained significantly different between groups ( P < 0.001). With the derived formulas for indexing, indexed cardiac weights were similar between groups. In healthy rats and mice, BW and heart weights scale linearly to TL3. This indicates that not TL1 but TL3 is the optimal surrogate for BW. New formulas for indexing heart weight and isolated ventricular weights are provided, and we propose a concept in which cardiac parameters should not all be indexed to the same measure but one-dimensional measures to BW1/3 or TL1, two-dimensional measures to BW2/3 or TL2, and three-dimensional measures to BW or TL3. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In healthy rats and mice, body weight (BW) scales linearly to tibia length (TL) to the power of three (TL3). This indicates that for indexing cardiac parameters, not TL1 but TL3 is the optimal surrogate for BW. New formulas for indexing heart weight and isolated ventricular weights are provided, and we propose a concept of dimensionally consistent indexing. This concept is proposed to be widely applied in small animal experiments.

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Coracini, Daniel Meyer, Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi, Sandra Maria Barbalho, and Daniel De Bortoli Teixeira. "Design and validation of equations for weight estimation in adolescents." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (February 2, 2023): e0273824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273824.

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Introduction Measuring weight is difficult to be carried out in bedridden people, with physical deformity or in emergency units. Under these circumstances, one option is to estimate the weight. Objectives The aim of this study is to propose and validate equations for estimating the weight of Brazilian adolescents based on anthropometric variables related to body weight. Methods The study was developed based on a database created from data collection of a primary project, which had information from 662 Brazilian adolescents (10 to 19 years old). Based on the variables sex, age (days), weight (kg), height (m) and neck circumference (NC) (cm), equations for estimating weight of adolescents were proposed. The formulas were proposed after performing multiple linear regression models and subsequently tested and validated using appropriate statistical tests, considering 99% confidence. Results Two formulas were generated, the “Rucco Formulas—Adolescents”, one for girls: -131.63091 + (0.00209 × A) + (37.57813 × H) + (3.71482 x NC) and another for boys: - 15.2854 + (-0.00414 × A)+ (14.30315 × H2)+ (0.04888 x NC2). Statistical test (R2) indicated that the proposed formulas are suitable for estimating weight. Low values of REQM and high values of CCI (> 0.8) also reinforce the quality of the proposed formulas. Conclusions The current weight of adolescents can be estimated with adequate accuracy and precision using sex-specific “Rucco Formulas—Adolescents”, generated from regression models using only three predictor variables.

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