Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Weight at birth'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Weight at birth.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Weight at birth.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Shehan-Bakewell, Colleen 1963. "The relationship of birth weight and maternal education to developmental outcomes of low birth weight infants." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278404.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between specific infant and maternal characteristics with the developmental outcome of low birth weight infants. Birth weight was statistically significant in relation to the Mental Developmental Index (p =.001) and the Psychomotor Developmental Index for chronologic age (p =.023). Birth weight predicted 25% of the variance in infant cognitive development and 24% in infant motor development. There was no statistically significant positive correlation between maternal education and infant cognitive developmental outcome. There was a statistically significant correlation between: number of hospital days (MDI, P =.006; PDI P =.010); number of days on oxygen (MDI, p =.006; PDI p =.037); gestational age (MDI p =.006); and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (MDI p =.020; PDI, p =.020) in relation to developmental outcome. These findings support the premise that co-morbidity of infants appears to increase the risk of developmental delay.
2
Murtland, Patricia A. "Effect of prepregnancy weight, prenatal weight gain and smoking on infant birth weight." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941359.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship- between prenatal weight gain relative to initial weight and change in smoking habits relative to prepregnancy smoking habits on infant birth weight. The convenience sample was 100 women who had been prenatal clients at a clinic for low income women and who delivered term infants during a one year period. Women were selected who had term deliveries and were without medical problems during the pregnancy.Prepregnancy weight-for-height was determined using the 1959 Metropolitan Life Insurance Table. Weight gain throughout the pregnancy was charted on the appropriate graph. Changes in smoking habits during the pregnancy were evaluated verbally. Roy's Adaptation Model was the conceptual framework for this study. The physiological mode of this model depicts people as individuals who are constantly adapting to a changing environment. Procedures for the protection of human subjects were followed.The first research question illustrated that women who gained adequate weight and reduced or quit smoking had infants with higher birth weights. The second research question showed that, overall, women who quit or reduced the amount smoked early in pregnancy had infants with higher birth weights than women who quit or reduced later in pregnancy or-who did not change smoking habits. The third research question determined that nonsmokers had infants with higher birth weights than smokers.Women who smoke will have infants with lower birth weights than those that do not smoke. Women with inadequate weight gains during pregnancy are more likely to have infants: with lower birth weights than women with adequate weight gains. Health care providers must be able to relay, the risks of inadequate weight gain and smoking to pregnant women.School of Nursing
3
Banerji, Rini. "Association of parental weight with pregnancy weight gain and outcome." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1199.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 51 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-36).
4
Carlsson, Sofia. "Weight history, low birth weight, alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-471-2/.
Full text
5
Boonstoppel, Sarah Lizabeth. "Low birth weight and the criminal career." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2853.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
6
Kawasaki, Hidenori. "Epidemiology of Birth Defects in Very Low Birth Weight Infants in Japan." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259711.
Full text
7
Feingold, Carol 1949. "Developmental outcomes in low birth weight infants: Influence of birth weight, maternal education and depression, and quality of home environment." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291769.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship among selected environmental and perinatal variables and developmental outcomes in a group of low birth weight infants. A total of thirty infants and mothers were studied. Maternal education level (r =.36, p =.05), paternal education level (r =.44, p =.02), and five minute Apgar score (r =.42, p =.03) were significantly correlated to the quality of home environment; which predicted 28% of the variance in infant developmental status. The perinatal factors of birth weight (r = -.47, p =.01); mechanical ventilation (r =.40, p =.03); Respiratory Distress Syndrome (r =.53, p =.003); and estimated gestational age (r = -.53, p =.003) were correlated to level of maternal depressive symptoms. The relationship between level of maternal depressive symptoms and infant development approached significance (r = -.35, p =.058). These findings support the hypothesis that quality of home environment is a predictor of development for high risk infants.
8
Haycock, Anna Cornelia. "Psychological functioning in children with low birth weight." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2573.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD. (Clinical Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2008Low-birth-weight/premature children seem to be vulnerable to psychiatric, neuropsychological and other deficiencies. Limited research is available in the South African context about these ever-increasing phenomena. The aim of this study was to investigate the magnitude and characteristics of internalising (Separation Anxiety, Overanxious and Major Depressive Disorders) and externalising symptoms (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorders) among low-birth-weight children in comparison with normal-birth-weight children, as well as to establish neuropsychological deficiencies (motor, visual-spatial, memory and executive functioning) between the birth weight groups, analysed as a function of gender and age. The sample (158 children) was selected from nine urban mainstream primary schools in the Tshwane North and South districts by means of stratified random sampling. Low-birth-weight children (weighing below 2 000 g) (N=79) were matched with normal-birth-weight children (above 3 000 g) (N=79) according to age, gender, language and socio-economic status. The neuropsychological test battery and self-reporting questionnaire were individually administered to the sample at the selected schools during school hours. Teachers and parents of selected participants were requested to complete a rating scale. As expected, low birth weight is associated with a tendency towards increased internalising and externalising psychological symptoms, as well as poorer neuropsychological functioning. This was particularly significant in the domains of internalising symptoms (depression), externalising symptoms (hyperactivity/impulsiveness, inattention, Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder) and neuropsychological impairments (motor, visual-spatial/visual-motor, memory and executive functioning). The neuropsychological impairments observed in this study among the LBW children probably increase the risk of subsequent externalising (conduct and oppositional behavioural problems) and internalising (depressive) psychological symptoms. These impairments are possibly exacerbated by inattention and hyperactivity/ impulsiveness. Reciprocal interaction seems to take place between the psychological symptoms andneuropsychological functions. Only a few gender differences were observed. Neuropsychological deficits were observed both in the 6 to 9 and 10 to 13 age groups, indicating deficient resolution of impairments with increasing age. Increased pre-, peri- and postnatal complications in the low-birth-weight group may predispose these children biologically to neuropsychological deficiencies and subsequent internalising/externalising symptoms. These impairments most probably affect academic, emotional, social and other significant areas of functioning, increasing public health cost.
9
Beardsall, Kathryn. "Hyperglycaemia in the very low birth weight neonate." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611400.
Full text
10
McCauley, Sydney Russelle. "Glucose Metabolism in Low Birth Weight Neonatal Pigs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99450.
Full textAbstract:
The neonatal period in mammals is characterized by high growth rates and is dominated by skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Low birth weight (LBWT) neonates experience restricted growth and development of skeletal muscle, leading to metabolic perturbations later in life. The overall hypothesis of this dissertation was that in utero disturbances in glucose metabolism and increased energy requirements predisposes LBWT neonatal pigs to metabolic disturbances after birth. We sought to increase growth of skeletal muscle and improve glucose production through increasing dietary energy and to determine the changes in glucose catabolism and metabolic flexibility in different skeletal muscle fiber types in LBWT neonates. Piglets were considered normal birth weight (NBWT) and LBWT when birth weight was within 0.5 SD and below 2 SD of the litter average, respectively. Increasing dietary energy increased lean deposition in the longissimus dorsi (LD) in both NBWT and LBWT neonates. Although glucose rate of appearance was greater in LBWT compared to their NBWT sibling, glucose concentrations were reduced in LBWT compared to NBWT pigs, regardless of diet fed. Postprandial glucose concentrations were lower in LBWT compared to NBWT pigs, regardless of diet fed, although rate of appearance did not differ between them. This would suggest that glucose is being absorbed in the peripheral tissues to be utilized. However, expression of enzymes related to glycolysis were downregulated in both the soleus and LD of LBWT compared to NBWT neonatal pigs. In addition, expression of enzymes related to the catabolism of glucose in the serine biosynthetic pathway were decreased in both the soleus and LD muscles of LBWT compared to NBWT neonatal pigs. Expression of the pentose phosphate pathway was slightly increased in LBWT compared to NBWT siblings in both muscle types. Increased expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase 4 was exhibited in both the soleus and LD of LBWT pigs compared to NBWT siblings. This would indicate a switch in fuel utilization to more fatty acid oxidation. By contrast, CO2 production from the oxidation of palmitate was reduced in LBWT compared with NBWT pigs along with reduced oxidation of glucose and pyruvate. In conclusion, lipid supplementation increased growth at the expense of fat deposition in the liver of NBWT and LBWT pigs. However, supplementing with fat did not increase glucose production due to the contribution of glycerol remaining constant. Hypoglycemia cannot be attributed to greater catabolism in skeletal muscle due to decreased expression of glycolytic genes and the addition of fatty acids did not spare glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle of LBWT pigs.PHD
11
Wang, Liang, Tiejian Wu, Xuefeng Liu, James Li Anderson, Arsham Alamian, Maosun Fu, and Jun Li. "Pesticide Exposure During Pregnancy and Low Birth Weight." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1367.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Limited epidemiologic studies have investigated the effects of pesticide exposure during pregnancy on low birth weight in offspring in rural China.Methods: A survey of a total of 503 women was conducted in Ling county of Shandong Province of China following delivery from 1 November 2009 to 8 February 2010.Results: After adjustment for confounding and compared with no pesticide exposure, multiple logistic regression showed a non-significant increased likelihood of low birth weight for both children of mothers exposed to pesticides when not pregnant (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 0.62, 5.22) and mothers exposed to pesticides during pregnancy (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 0.73, 8.08); multiple linear regression showed a non-significant reduced birth weight for both children of mothers exposed to pesticides when not pregnant (β=–0.59, p=0.28) and mothers exposed to pesticides during pregnancy (β=–0.89, p=0.15).Conclusions: Exposure to pesticides during pregnancy was associated with a non-significant increase in low birth weight in this rural Chinese population. Future studies using larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are warranted.
12
Haycock, Anna Cornelia. "Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder and low birth weight." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2045.
Full text
13
Connors, Julia Yopp Jan Johnson. "Tiny babies the immense costs and quandaries of preterm birth and low birth weight /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1762.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication." Discipline: Journalism and Mass Communication; Department/School: Journalism and Mass Communication, School of.
14
Nahar, Shamsun. "Impact of food supplementation on pregnancy weight gain and birth weight in rural Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616179.
Full text
15
Sanchez, Canon Gina. "The effects of birth weight and accelerated weight on body composition and appetite regulation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25019.
Full textAbstract:
The link between early life and development of metabolic disorders and obesity in later life has been the focus of many studies over the past decades. Fetal life and early infancy are two of the most critical periods of physiological and metabolic development and plasticity, and thus, are periods whereby a stimulus can cause long term consequences on the health of an individual (developmental programming). Accelerated weight gain during early life per se or in combination with extreme birth weights (low/high birth weight) have been postulated as factors that can affect the development of individuals with later consequences in health. However, there is not a clear understanding of the specific contribution at different ages to impaired health neither of the mechanisms involved in these alterations. In this thesis, I used an isogenic murine model with natural birth weight variation within a normal range to investigate the effects of extreme birth weights on body composition and appetite regulation at different stages of life. I compared low and high birth weights phenotypes during lactation, at the time of weaning, and a young adulthood as well as early matured age. Mice were challenged to a moderate high fat diet for 12 weeks after weaning in order to assess the effects of both birth weight and a hypercaloric feed on body composition and hypothalamic neural activity. At weaning, adiposity was positively related to birth weight and weight gain but negatively related to growth rate. Low birth weight male mice (LBWm) had a lower plasma glucose concentration but similar levels of insulin to High birth weight male mice (HBWm), indicating a degree of hyperinsulinemia. Low birth weight females (LBWf) were hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic compared to High birth weight females (HBWf). There was an upregulation in the expression of genes related to insulin signaling, adipogenesis/lipid metabolism and thermoregulation in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (SAT) of LBWm mice compared to HBWm mice but the contrary was seen in LBWf mice in respect to their counterpart. LBWm mice caught up in weight with HBWm mice at younger age than the equivalent catch up in female mice. Birth weight and diet impacted body fat patterning and appetite regulation differently in both young males and females. However, at week 51 of age (early matured age), diet seemed to override the effects of birth weight on total body fat. LBWm mice tended to have smaller adipocytes than young and matured HBWm mice, especially when fed a HF diet, and this pattern was independent of fat mass. In conclusion, the current study suggests that extreme birth weights in an isogenic mouse model (within natural birth weight variation), as well as postnatal nutrition influenced growth, glucose / lipid metabolism, body fat patterning and appetite regulation in an age-gender dependent manner.
16
Sharapova, Saida R. "The Role of Stress in Racial Disparities of Preterm and Low Birth Weight Births in Georgia." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/247.
Full textAbstract:
SAIDA SHARAPOVA
The role of stress in racial disparities of preterm and low birth weight births in Georgia
(Under the direction of Richard Rothenberg, MD, MPH)
Preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) are the leading causes of infant deaths in Georgia. Georgia PRAMS data (2004-2008) were analyzed for non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black women with singleton births, using SAS 9.2 survey procedures. Thirteen stressful life events experienced in a year before delivery, socio-demographic, medical and behavioral risks were used as predictors of PTB and LBW. Significant racial disparity in birth outcomes and risks was found. In Whites stressful events were associated with adverse birth outcomes in bivariate logistic regression, but weakened when controlling for other factors (income, education, maternal age, maternal health, alcohol and tobacco use, infant’s gender and birth defects). In Blacks, association between stressful events and adverse birth outcomes adjusted for other risks was stronger. Socio-economic factors and mother’s health status were more significant in predicting birth outcome. Women’s health and SES improvement might increase favorable pregnancy outcomes and reduce racial disparities.
17
Ulysse, Rachele D. "Identifying Data Needs to Support the Public Health Program of First Care." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/192.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
Identifying Data Needs to Support the Public Health Program of First Care
Background:
First Care (FC) is a Georgia (GA) public health (PH) program funded by Title V Block Grant, whose main purpose is to provide collaborative skilled PH services for infants with LBW and VLBW (low and very low birth weight) as well as those considered at high risk for illness and disabilities.
Purpose:
1. Describe current health outcomes of GA infants less than one years of age.
* Current baselines of IMR (infant mortality rate), preterm, very low birth weight (VLBW) and low birth weight (LBW) births
2. Use data to inform FC program in order to improve overall health outcomes in LBW, VLBW and preterm infants less than 1 years of age in GA as well as IMR.
* Identifying common diagnoses and reasons for the hospitalization of infants less than one.
Methods:
Several online secondary data sources containing GA birth outcomes were evaluated. These sources were used to produce most current or 2008, GA and national profiles on health outcomes such as IMR, preterm, LBW and VLBW births. SAS was used to evaluate OHIP (Office of Health Information and Policy) hospital discharges in 2008 to determine common diagnosis affecting GA children under 1 years of age.
Results:
National comparisons of health outcomes revealed that GA consistently ranks below the national average for IMR, preterm, VLBW, and LBW births. GA’s poor health outcomes are also seen when compared to Healthy People 2010 objectives. A comparison of GA public health districts (PHD) health outcomes demonstrates lagging indicators mainly in the southern and midsection (central section) of GA. This study also revealed racial disparities indicating Blacks falling behind in all health outcomes when compared to Whites and Hispanics. Statistical analysis of hospital discharges showed that the top 25 discharges reflect common conditions that affect high-risk infants such as preterm, VLBW and LBW infants. Higher rates of morbidity were found in the southern and central PHDs of GA.
Conclusion:
The purpose for FC is to provide current data baselines on health outcomes of GA infants less than one year of age, as well as information regarding current hospitalizations. Current results are only preliminary findings underscoring the need for continued research. By emphasizing their need for monitoring will allow FC to focus on this critical role that will only grow with an expanding population in GA.
18
Hui, Man-chun. "The effect of parental occupation on low birth weight." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31971829.
Full text
19
Lindqvist, Susanne. "Vision and brain in adolescents with low birth weight." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for laboratoriemedisin, barne- og kvinnesykdommer, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-6612.
Full textAbstract:
Premature birth and pregnancy to term, but with intrauterine growth restriction (often manifesting as birth small for gestational age, SGA, at term), both represent suboptimal environments for the developing infant brain and eyes. Very low birth weight (VLBW, The aims of this study, which is part of large interdisciplinary follow up study also including cognitive, psychiatric, paediatric and motor evaluation, as well as cerebral MRI, was threefold: to examine differences in visual functions between adolescents with VLBW, or SGA at term, compared to an age matched control group to explore how detected impairments affect other functions (e.g. motor ability) to search for a cerebral correlate to the impaired visual functions, by using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The study shows that the VLBW group was more likely to have poor visual acuity, reduced contrast sensitivity, poor convergence, strabismus, nystagmus, anisometropia, a need for new glasses and to have started with glasses earlier than the control group. The SGA group had a slight increase in hypermetropia, but did otherwise not differ from the control group. However, none of the participants were blind or had visual acuity Both the SGA and the VLBW group had increased risk for motor problems, but these were affected by visual ability only in the VLBW group. Risk for motor problems were reduced by 25 % by controlling for poor visual acuity, but group still remained a significant factor. Visual impairments may cause motor problems, but it is also possible that cerebral damage may be the cause of simultaneous visual and motor problems. Finally, using DTI, a positive correlation between visual acuity and the microstructure of white matter (reflecting axonal “healthiness”) was demonstrated in the splenium part of the corpus callosum. This part of the brain is responsible for the transhemispherical relay of visual data, and is particularly prone to injury in prematurity. However, it has not been regarded as an important factor for visual acuity in prematurity before. Premature infants are greatly at risk for perinatal cerebral injury, due to an extreme vulnerability of several cerebral systems at a crucial time, when development is particularly fast and comprehensive. This is combined with very poor ability to maintain homeostasis, causing them to suffer infections, hypoxia, unstable blood pressure, undernourishment, among others, all pathological conditions which affect the developing brain negatively. This study confirms that adolescents with VLBW have an increased risk of visual problems. Cerebral injury probably plays a major part in causing them.Syn og hjerne hos ungdommer med lav fødselsvekt. Forhold i svangerskapet og rundt fødselen har betydning for hvor godt vi fungerer på en rekke områder senere i livet. Dette gjelder ikke minst synet. For å kartlegge hvordan det går med synet til barn som fødes meget for tidlig (de som veier under 1500 g ved fødsel) og barn som fødes til termin med lavere fødselsvekt enn det forventede på grunn av dårlig ernæring i svangerskapet, har vi undersøkt synet til 14-åringer i disse to gruppene. Ungdommer i samme alder født til termin med normal fødselsvekt utgjorde kontrollgruppe. Deltagerne i studien ble undersøkt av øyelege og fysioterapeut, og hjernens anatomi ble undersøkt med MR. Studien viser at det synsmessig kan gjøre stor forskjell mellom å veie mindre enn 1500 g ved fødselen og å være født til termin med normal fødselsvekt. I gruppen med for tidlig fødte ungdommer hadde nesten hver tredje dårligere syn enn det normale for alderen sammenlignet med bare 4 % i kontrollgruppen. Blant de premature var det flere som hadde nedsatt evne til å skjelne små forskjeller i kontrast, og det var også vanligere med skjeling og dårlig samsyn. Det var ikke større forekomst av nærsynthet eller langsynthet blant de premature. Derimot var det noe vanligere å trenge nye briller i prematurgruppen (53 %) enn i kontrollgruppen (34 %). Et oppløftende funn var at ingen av ungdommene var blind eller synshemmet etter Verdens Helseorganisasjons kriterier. Tenåringer i gruppen født til termin med lavere fødselsvekt enn det normale hadde ikke øket risiko for synsproblemer. Både de premature og ungdommene født til termin med lav fødselsvekt hadde økt forekomst av motoriske vansker. Da vi sammenlignet syn og motoriske evner, fant vi en sammenheng i prematurgruppen, men ikke i gruppen født til termin med lav fødselsvekt. Mange av disse problemene med syn og motorikk kan bero på skader i hjernen på grunn av den for tidlige fødselen. Vi sammenlignet hjernens anatomi med synsdata og fant at det i prematurgruppen var en sammenheng mellom syn og anatomisk struktur av den midtre hjernebjelken (”corpus callosum”) som knyter sammen de to hjernehalvdelene. Hjernebjelken er et område som er spesielt utsatt for skade hos premature, men det har tidligere ikke vært vist så tydelig at skade i dette området har betydning for synet. Dessuten fant vi en sammenheng mellom skade på andre deler av hjernens synsbaner og syn i prematurgruppen
20
Hui, Man-chun, and 許文晉. "The effect of parental occupation on low birth weight." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971829.
Full text
21
Nwagwu, Margaret Okechi. "Physiological factors contributing to low birth weight in pigs." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248580.
Full textAbstract:
Low birth weight has detrimental consequences for postnatal well being and survival. Therefore greater understanding of the factors that govern birth weight are important. There are many extrinsic and intrinsic factors that ensure the adequate growth of an offspring; these include maternal nutrition, maternal health, placental size, surface area and placental transport capacity. This study has used the runt pig fetus as a naturally occurring model of low weight; to better understand intrinsic factors that may contribute to low birth weight. The lightest fetuses and a normal size fetus from Large while X Landrace pig were studied at day 45,65 and 100 of gestation (term being 112-115 days). Placental sodium transport was examined. In relation to sodium transport it was observed that the short circuit current across the pig placenta was predominantly carried by sodium in a fetal maternal direction and involved both the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and the sodium pump This thesis is the first to report the presence of ENaC in the pig placenta. However fetal growth depends not just on the ability of the placental to grow to an appropriate size and to transfer nutrients to the fetus, but fetal growth must be appropriate to nutrient supply if the fetus is to survive to term. Therefore by looking at fetal concentrations of hormones that regulate fetal grow and differentiation we may better understand what causes low birth weight in pigs. In this thesis it was observed that no relationship existed between fetal size and fetal plasma insulin, T3 and T4 concentrations at day 100 of gestation. However low weight pig fetuses were found to have lower plasma cortisol concentration on day 45 of gestation and higher plasma cortisol concentrations of day 100 of gestation compared to their normal size littermates. Elevated cortisol concentrations on day 100 of gestation were not related to changes in fetal plasma ACTH concentrations.
22
Channon, Andrew Richard. "Birth weight data in 15 demographic and health surveys." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/378836/.
Full text
23
Brandos, Mavis Marie 1944. "Infant health, caregiver burden, and social support as perceived by mothers of low birth weight infants and mothers of normal birth weight infants." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558238.
Full text
24
Hu, Jie 1957. "A comparison of perceptions of infant health, reliance on others, and caregiving by mothers of low birth weight and normal birth weight infants." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291768.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research was to describe the relationship between maternal perception of infant health, reliance on others and caregiving in mothers of low birth weight (LBW) (ṉ = 30) infants and mothers of normal birth weight infants (ṉ = 30). A descriptive research design was used for a secondary analysis of data. Significant relationships were found between maternal perception of: infant health and caregiver burden (R² =.29, p̱ ≤ .001); confidence in caregiving and caregiver burden (R² change =.12, p̱ ≤ .01); infant health and confidence in caregiving (R² change =.18, p̱ ≤ .001); and preparation for caregiving and confidence in caregiving (R² change =.10, p̱ ≤ .02). A significant difference was found between mothers of LBW infants and mothers of normal birth weight infants in their perception of infant health (ṯ (58) = -2.02, p̱ ≤ .05) and caregiver burden (ṯ (58) = -3.50, p̱ ≤ .001).
25
Ireen, Santhia. "Impact of prenatal food supplementation on pregnancy weight gain and birth weight in rural Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612251.
Full text
26
Cui, Limin, and 崔李敏. "The effect of induced abortion on the risk of low birth weight." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50222739.
Full textAbstract:
Background: China accounts for a quarter of the total number of induced abortion worldwide. Induced abortion is considered as one of the risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome in subsequent pregnancy. The effects of induced abortion on premature delivery were investigated in both China and western countries, and most of the studies showed that increased risk of preterm birth was associated with increasing number of induced abortion. However, the association between low birth weight (LBW) and multiple induced abortions is still controversial.
Objectives: To explore the association between LBW and previous induced abortion history, and to investigate the effects of preterm birth on the association.
Methods: This case-control study used data from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Nan Fang Hospital, between December 2011 and June 2012. We recruited 402 LBW (less than 2500 g) infants as our case group and 407 normal weight infants as the control group. Chi-square test and t-test were used for descriptive analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was run to yield odds ratios (OR) of LWB for multiple induced abortion adjusting for sex, birth order, maternal previous diseases and age, antenatal care received, and inter-pregnancy interval. Mediation effect of preterm status was investigated.
Results: We observed a higher proportion of women with multiple induced abortions in LBW group (18.4% versus 11.1%, p value=0.003). Mothers with previous multiple induced abortion were 68.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11.0% to 155.3%) more likely to have LWB infants, compared with those who did not have induced abortion history or only once. After adjustment also for preterm status, the adjusted OR reduced to 1.332 (95% CI: 0.682 to 2.602) and the association became non-significant. Mediation test confirmed that preterm status was a mediator factor between multiple induced abortion and LBW.
Conclusion: Overall, multiple abortions had an effect on LBW mainly through shortening the gestational duration of infants. Either premature delivery or LBW, the effect of multiple abortions on subsequent pregnancy was confirmed in this study. To reduce the perinatal mortality and morbidity, it is not enough only through postpartum care for preterm birth and LBW. The prevention and intervention strategies are urgently needed for reducing the induced abortion rate.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
27
Bratcher, Charlotte. "Maternal Age: Influence on Length of Gestation and Birth Weight." TopSCHOLAR®, 1997. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/769.
Full textAbstract:
The findings indicated no significant differences among the age groups in relation to infant birth weight nor in relation to the risk factors of smoking, maternal weight gain, trimester of first entry into prenatal care, or marital status They did indicate a significant difference [F(2,85) = 4.1364, p < .05] between the oldest and the youngest group (CD = 3.37, a = .05) in relation to gestational length. These findings are significant for healthcare providers in rural areas, since much of the previous research had been done in highly urbanized or inner city settings.
28
Nwako, Azubuike Benjamin. "Prevelance and determinants of low birth weight in Maseru Lesotho." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5889.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Public Health - MPH (Public Health)INTRODUCTION: Low birth weight (LBW), affecting about 30 million newborns annually, is the commonest cause of severe morbidity and mortality amongst neonates globally, and is implicated in a high proportion of stillbirths. Neonatal deaths of LBW babies are mainly due to infection, prematurity and respiratory distress. Many factors affect LBW including maternal factors such as age, pregnancy associated factors such as illness in pregnancy, socio-economic factors such as housing type and foetal factors such as multiple gestations. In 2009, a national survey estimated that the prevalence of LBW was at 9.5% in Lesotho, based on a combination of actual birth weight measurements and birth weight estimations provided by the respondents. Given the high probability of non-differential misclassification arising in the national study, the prevalence of LBW arrived at was in doubt and only a limited number of factors potentially affecting LBW were assessed.
29
Ryan, Julia. "Adolescent pregnancy and low birth weight in the Peruvian Amazon." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67006.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To compare low birth weight (LBW) (< 2,500g) between infants born to adolescent and adult mothers in Iquitos, Peru. Methods: A random sample of 4,467 birth records was collected. Multivariate analyses were performed to compare both the proportion of LBW and mean birth weight of newborns of adolescents (10-14 yrs, 15-19 yrs) and adults (≥ 20 yrs) and then for primiparous mothers only. Results: For all mothers, all adolescents had significantly greater odds of having a LBW infant than adults. For primiparous mothers, the same was true only for 10-14 year-olds. There were significant differences in mean birth weight between adults and both early and late adolescent age groups. Discussion: Results provide evidence for increased risk of LBW in adolescents, especially early adolescents. Further research is needed on elucidating the basis of this disparity, especially in terms of physiological and behavioural determinants.Objectif : Comparer le faible poids de naissance (FPN) (< 2,500g) entre les nouveaux-nés d'adolescentes et ceux d'adultes à Iquitos, Pérou.Méthodes : Un échantillon aléatoire de 4,467 dossiers de naissance a été rassemblé. Les analyses multivariables ont été exécutées pour comparer la proportion de FPN et la moyenne poids de naissance parmi les nouveaux-nés d'adolescentes (10-14 ans, 15-19 ans) et ceux d'adultes (≥ 20 ans) et ensuite en considérant que les mères primigestes.Résultats : Parmi toutes mères, toutes adolescentes avaient des chances plus grandes d'avoir un nouveau-né de FPN que les adultes. Parmi les primigestes, ceci était vrai que pour le groupe 10-14 ans. La moyenne poids de naissance parmi tous les groupes d'adolescentes était significativement inférieure à celle des adultes.Discussion : Ces résultats fournis des preuves du risque accru de FPN parmi les adolescentes, surtout les adolescentes plus jeunes (10-14 ans). L'étude supplémentaire est requise pour établir si cette divergence est fonction de physiologie ou comportement.
30
Marlow, N. "Death and later disability in children of low birth weight." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354846.
Full text
31
Pirie, M. K. "Periodontal disease and preterm, low birth weight - a biological link." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517054.
Full text
32
Jacobs, Salomi. "Referencing echocardiographic measurements for premature and low-birth weight infants." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/212.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Tech. (Clinical Technology)) -- Central University of technology, Free State, 2012Introduction: Reference ranges for cardiac measurement are available for adults, children and term infants but the same cannot be said for preterm or small for gestational age (SGA) infants surviving as a result of modern intensive care units. No published data of reference ranges for preterm infants exists for the South African population. Infants with congenital heart disease are twice as likely to be small for their gestational age and these reference ranges may affect clinical management decisions, therapeutic response and prognosis of these neonates. The aim was thus to establish reference ranges for cardiac dimensions and functional values for preterm and low birth weight infants for central South Africa and compare them with international standards. Methods: A total of 290 infants of less than 34 weeks of age and weighing less than 2500g at birth were examined during a twelve month period by echocardiography during the first 0-28 days of life. The study assessed normative cardiac measurements divided in M-Mode, 2-D and functional measurement for these infants in 3 weight groups. Exclusion criteria were applied to any condition affecting the size and functionality of the cardiac system. The following dimensions were measured: Standard M-Mode values for the left ventricle, 2D measurements of valve mitral and tricuspid orifices, as well as functional assessments including Shortening fraction (SF %), Ejection fraction (EF %), and Muscle performance Index (MPI)-index of the Left and Right ventricle. Measurements were done by the leading edge methodology following the ASE recommendations. A longitudinal study was also done to examine changes in these indices over the first month- on day 14 and day 28 of life. Interobserver differences were calculated for the variability between measurements of a single scan- 25 babies were re-measured and produced good repeatability. Results: 290 infants were included to produce Referance ranges of measurements (means and standard deviations) for 3 weight groups namely: <0.999g, 1000-1499g, and 1500g – 2500g. The gestational age’s ranges between 26-38 weeks with a median of 31 weeks, gender distribution was almost equal with a slight female preponderance. Body surface area ranged from a minimum from 0.076 m² and a maximum of 0.184 m², the body weight ranged between a minimum of 690g and a maximum of 2500g with a median of 1360g. Discussion: The left ventricular diastolic and systolic, interventricular septum, posterior wall, aortic and left atrium dimensions showed a proportionate increase in diameter with an increase in body weight There were no differences in cardiac dimensions between Small for Gestational age” (SGA) versus “Average for Gestational age” (AGA). Gender and race played no role in any functional measurements or with the cardiac sizes. Weight correlated well with BSA and the data suggest that weight only can be used to develop tables for clinical use. Cardiac chambers increased with BSA and weight and functional measurements stayed the same throughout the weight groups. Systolic and global functions were remarkably similar and constant throughout weight categories. . The longitudinal study also confirmed that the values are applicable to all low birth weight infants up to 28 days of age. Differences existed between some of the average South African infant’s cardiac chambers and international values. The Inter Ventricular Septum (IVS) and Posterior Wall (PW) measured thicker and the Left Atrium larger. This could be due to numerous factors that should be investigated further. Conclusion: The study emphasized the profound effect of growth and weight gain on the cardiac structure and that population specific reference values should therefore be developed and used.
33
Noordin, Naveed, Morghan Jameson, MD Dr Darshan Shah, and PhD Dr Beth Bailey. "Can Birth Weight Influence the Development of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2020/presentations/16.
Full textAbstract:
Background:
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS), a manifestation of the widespread opioid epidemic, has plagued our country, and particularly the region of Northeast Tennessee, for quite some time now. One question among many that seems to baffle almost everyone involved in research on the topic at hand is that why do only 35-40% of opioid exposed pregnancies result in NAS requiring medication while sparing the rest. Is there some discriminatory factor other than in utero opioid exposure involved? Thus, in light of this knowledge, we wanted to investigate whether birth weight at the time of delivery can influence the development of NAS; that is, are neonates of a low birth weight or high birth weight (with respect to gestational age thresholds) more likely to develop NAS.
Methods:
Therefore, we conducted a retrospective chart analysis of all deliveries within the Mountain States Health Alliance System over a 5 years period between July 1, 2011- June 30, 2016 at all 5 delivery sites in Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia (N=18,728). Out of this sample size, we identified 2,392 at-term newborns as positive for prenatal opioid exposure, and then we stratified them into 2 categories: birth weight ≤3.5kg (proxy for low or average birth weight with respect to gestational age thresholds) and birth weight ≥3.5kg (proxy for high birth weight with respect to gestational age thresholds). Thereafter, we ran SPSS statistical analyses involving chi square, t tests, and logistic regression to assess whether one birth weight group was more likely to have a higher incidence rate of NAS compared to the other birth weight group.
Results:
We found that even after controlling for significant confounders such as marital status, race, and pregnancy smoking, benzodiazepine, and marijuana use, infants who were in the low to average birth weight group (≤3.5kg in this study) were almost twice as likely (statistically significant adjusted odds ratio of 1.95) to develop NAS compared to infants who were in the high birth weight group (≥3.5kg in this study). Our study helps shed some important light on the discriminatory factors for NAS development, with birth weight being a significantly associated clinical factor as we now know.
Discussion & Implications:
Unfortunately, the mechanism for the transport of opioids across the placenta is complicated, and poorly understood. There may be more ‘unbound or free opioids’ available in infants of low to average birth weight (with respect to gestational age thresholds) compared to infants of high birth weight (with respect to gestational age thresholds) resulting in a higher incidence of NAS in the former population. It is more of a speculation rather than a conclusion to explain the results of our study. However, being equipped with this knowledge that opioid exposed neonates of low to average birth weight (with respect to gestational age thresholds) have a higher risk of developing NAS will allow physicians to identify infants with a higher risk for NAS early, and this will subsequently lead to better outcomes and reduced severity in cases of NAS.
34
Kalanga, Noel. "Optimizing Care for Low Birth Weight Infants in Rural Malawi." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17613732.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of our study was to explore and understand the factors that affect growth of low birth weight (LBW) infants in a rural district of Neno in Malawi in order to optimize their care.
We surveyed 64 households of LBW infants born between April and June 2014. We collected quantitative data on socio-demographics and food security, and performed nutrition and development assessments of the LBW infants at six months of age. We also conducted qualitative in-depth interviews with a subset of 10 mothers of the LBW infants and with 3 nurses at postnatal clinics. We then merged the quantitative and qualitative datasets for a final interpretation.
At six months of age, LBW infants were more likely to be underweight (mean weight-for-age Z-score -3.01±0.97) or stunted (mean height-for-age Z-score -2.45 ±1.34) than the WHO reference group. The majority (93.8%) of the households had moderate to severe food insecurity. Contributing factors to these poor outcomes included recurrent illness, resource scarcity and lack of social support. Most mothers opted for mixed feeding as a coping mechanism for the LBW infant’s slow growth; this mixed feeding without clean water and proper hygiene, could even worsen the health outcomes of these infants.
Structural violence in poor households causes poor health outcomes of LBW infants. The responsibility of caring for LBW infants is so challenging because these children have so many unmet needs. Optimum care can be achieved with a variety of biosocial interventions.
35
Swanson, Marcia W. "Intrauterine infection and neurodevelopmental disability in low birth weight infants /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10934.
Full text
36
Provencio-Vasquez, Elias. "Creating Paths: Living with a very low birth weight infant." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186106.
Full textAbstract:
Advances in neonatal nursing and medical interventions have made it possible for the very low birth weight (VLBW) infant to survive. However, it is now time to recognize the intangible costs, emotional stress, marital stress, grief, pain, sorrow, and the disruption of the role transition to parenthood. To facilitate progress in the area of neonatal nursing, systematic efforts were undertaken to examine and describe parental adaptation to the VLBW infant and potential risk for parenting problems after hospital discharge. The purpose of this study was to describe parents' method of adaptation to the problems of caring for a VLBW infant at home. Specifically this study was designed to identify: (1) What strategies parents employed during the adaptation process. (2) What resources parents combined with their strategies of adaptation. (3) What situations promoted or inhibited parental adaptation. The informants consisted of parents of VLBW infants (<1500 grams) following hospital discharge. The number of subjects for this study was 14. An exploratory design was used to conduct this study. Each subject was involved in three interview sessions, one months, three months, and five months following hospital discharge of their VLBW infant. Data were sampled theoretically, as guided by the emergent theory. The constant comparative method was used for data analysis. A basic social process, Creating Paths, was identified as the core category of the theory. Creating Paths is the continuous process experienced by parents living with a VLBW infant the first five months after hospital discharge. The process consists of three stages: Gathering, Emerging, and Affirming. Results of this investigation provide a beginning theoretical foundation for assessing the adaptation process of parents with VLBW infants the first five months at home. Neonatal nurses can utilize the model to provide anticipatory guidance and support to benefit parents and their VLBW infant.
37
Kuruvilla, Denison John. "Evaluation of erythropoiesis in anemic low birth weight preterm infants." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1981.
Full textAbstract:
Anemia of prematurity is characterized by a progressive decline in hemoglobin level during the first month of life. Unlike term newborns, preterm infants become anemic and often require red blood cell transfusions. Various factors contribute to the development of this anemia. These include short infant red blood cell (RBC) lifespan, decline in erythropoiesis rate after birth, and blood losses caused by repeated phlebotomies.
The objectives of this work were to develop novel models to evaluate fetal and neonatal erythropoiesis, and to study in vivo adult and neonatal RBC survival in low birth weight preterm anemic infants. The model developed to evaluate fetal erythropoiesis was based on the in utero growth of the fetus over time. Neonatal erythropoiesis rate was estimated using a hemoglobin (Hb) mass-balance based method that has the advantage of not relying on specific structural pharmacodynamic model assumptions to describe the Hb production, but instead utilizes simple mass balance principles and nonparametric regression analysis to quantify the amount of Hb produced and the Hb production rate during the first month of life. To study RBC survival, two separate models, one describing the elimination of neonatal RBCs produced under non-steady state conditions, and the second describing the elimination of adult RBCs produced under steady state conditions were developed and applied to the RBC survival data obtained from low birth weight anemic preterm infants. The proposed mathematical models and its implementation provides a flexible framework to study both in utero non-steady state (non-SS) fetal erythropoiesis and neonatal erythropoiesis in newborn infants.
38
Bauer-Schaub, Kimberly J. "Effects of Pregnancy-Related Depression on Low Birth Weight Infants." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7597.
Full textAbstract:
Maternal depression during pregnancy can have a negative impact on the developing child. Numerous studies have focused on postpartum depression and the influences on infant outcomes; however, there are limited data on pregnancy-related depression. The problem addressed in this study was the inadequacy and insufficiency of depression screening during the pregnancy period and access to quality-related health services for women. The purpose of this quantitative retrospective study was to test social cognitive theory on low birth weight and prenatal care adherence to pregnancy-related depression in women residing in Colorado. This research measured an association between pregnancy-related depression and both low birth weight prevalence and prenatal care adherence. Secondary analysis of archived data included data from Colorado vital statistics and the 2016 Colorado Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Data were analyzed using Chi-square analysis and multiple logistic regression. The findings showed that pregnancy-related depression was statistically significant of very low birth weight. I reported a summary of findings on p. 68. Biopsychosocial variables were significant to pregnancy-related depression. Pregnancy-related depression was significant in prenatal and postpartum depression. The implications of these findings for social change include the potential to support improved depression screening strategies during pregnancy that may contribute to transformation within the community by promoting more efficient and accessible healthcare for women.
39
Ritcher, Erika M. "Predictors of Excessive Gestational Weight Gain and Infant Birth Weight in Overweight and Obese Postpartum Mothers." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1385114439.
Full text
40
Morse, Shannon Leigh. "Exploring the Relationship Between Severity of Illness and Human Milk Volume in Very Low Birth Weight and Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants Over Six Weeks." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6329.
Full textAbstract:
Very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight neonates have tremendous risk of mortality. This is a grave concern; however, survival alone is not the goal of neonatal intensive care. Survival, along with a reduction or elimination of life long morbidity is the aim of neonatal intensive care.
Human milk is known as the best nutrition for babies and a growing body of evidence supports that human milk is critical in helping these fragile neonates mitigate the overwhelming risks they face. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between neonatal severity of illness and human milk, specifically mothers own milk (MOM), donor human milk (DHM), and total human milk (THM) intake in very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants over the first six weeks of life. Although there is a growing body of evidence that supports the use of human milk in this fragile neonatal population, information is lacking about the relationship between human milk and neonatal illness severity.
The current study was a secondary data analysis from a National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded R21 study in a level three NICU in Florida. Multilevel modeling was used for data analysis to examine relationships between maternal dyad characteristics and severity of illness, operationalized by the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology-II (SNAP-II), at 12 hours of life and at the end of each week of life for six weeks.
Growth models (linear, quadratic, piecewise) were examined to determine the best model fit for the data, then predictor variables were added and model fit was tested. Birth weight was added to final models as a control as it is seen as a proxy for severity of illness in the literature. Model six demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between MOM(mL) (γMOM(mL)) = -.000079, p < .05) and SNAP-II scores (Deviance = 287.862, Δχ2(df) = 31.38(1), p < .001, AIC = 303.862, BIC = 336.930). Model 11 demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between THM(mL) (γTHM(mL) = -.000127, p < .001) and SNAP-II scores (Deviance = 279.280, Δχ2(df) = 30.859(1), p < .001, AIC = 295.280, BIC = 328.347). No relationships were noted between severity of illness and DHM(mL), MOM(%), DHM(%), or THM(%). Therefore the relationships noted between MOM(mL) and THM(mL) and neonatal severity of illness should be interpreted with caution.
41
Oosse, Monique Marie. "Demographic, socioeconomic, and biomedical effects on birth outcomes /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Full text
42
Williamson, Kathryn E. "Social cognition and social outcomes in children born at very low birth weight." Development and Psychopathology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23585.
Full textAbstract:
Social cognition is a broad construct that refers to the fundamental abilities to perceive, store, analyze, process, categorize, reason with, and behave towards other conspecifics (Pelphrey & Carter, 2008). Two important aspects of social cognition are the ability to perceive and interpret body movements (biological motion perception) and the ability to infer the mental states of others (theory of mind reasoning) (Allison, Puce & McCarthy, 2000). In my thesis, these and other aspects of social cognition are explored in a group known to be at high risk for poor social outcomes, namely children born prematurely at very low birth weight (VLBW: < 1500 grams). Results showed that 8-11 year old VLBW children had difficulties processing both realistic and stylized life motion displays. These impairments were associated with increased evidence of autistic-like traits. Finally, poor performance on tests requiring life motion perception was linked to complications related to premature birth. These results could inform the development of screening, diagnostic, and intervention tools.
43
Oliver, Lawrence Tommy Victor. "Study on factors associated with low birth weight babies at Uitenhage Hospital." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2000. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textAbstract:
The incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies born in the Uitenhage Provincial Hospital would seem to be a cause of concern from a public health of view. The incidence of 21% recorded during 1999 is markedly higher than the 7% recorded in the United States of America in 1998 and the average of 17% noted for developing countries. Some health concerns related to LBW babies are Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, scholastic performances later in life, and several chronic diseases in adults associated with them having been born as LBW babies.
44
Gelaye, Bizu, Amber Domingue, Fernanda Rebelo, Lauren E. Friedman, Chunfang Qiu, Sixto E. Sanchez, Gloria Larrabure-Torrealva, and Michelle A. Williams. "Association of antepartum suicidal ideation during the third trimester with infant birth weight and gestational age at delivery." Routledge, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625044.
Full textAbstract:
El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.Antepartum suicidal behaviors are a leading cause of maternal injury and death. Previous research has not investigated associations between antepartum suicidal ideation and perinatal complications. Our study objective was to evaluate the relationship of antepartum suicidal ideation with low infant birthweight, small for gestational age, and preterm birth. A cohort study was conducted among 1,108 women receiving prenatal care in Peru. Suicidal ideation was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 during pregnancy. Birth outcomes were extracted from medical records. Linear regressions and multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate were used to investigate associations between suicidal ideation and pregnancy outcomes. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.7%, preterm delivery was 5.7%, low birthweight was 4.4%, and small for gestational age was 3.4%. In an adjusted model, infant birthweight was 94.2 grams lower for mothers with antepartum suicidal ideation (95% CI: −183.0, −5.5, p = 0.037) compared with those without suicidal ideation. After adjusting for confounders including depression, participants with suicidal ideation had a nearly four-fold increased odds of delivering a small for gestational age infant (OR: 3.73; 95% CI: 1.59–8.74). These findings suggest suicidal ideation during pregnancy is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, especially low infant birthweight.
Revisión por pares
45
Gelaye, Bizu, Amber Domingue, Fernanda Rebelo, Lauren E. Friedman, Chunfang Qiu, Sixto E. Sanchez, Gloria Larrabure-Torrealva, and Michelle A. Williams. "Association of antepartum suicidal ideation during the third trimester with infant birth weight and gestational age at delivery." Routledge, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624715.
Full textAbstract:
El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.Antepartum suicidal behaviors are a leading cause of maternal injury and death. Previous research has not investigated associations between antepartum suicidal ideation and perinatal complications. Our study objective was to evaluate the relationship of antepartum suicidal ideation with low infant birthweight, small for gestational age, and preterm birth. A cohort study was conducted among 1,108 women receiving prenatal care in Peru. Suicidal ideation was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 during pregnancy. Birth outcomes were extracted from medical records. Linear regressions and multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate were used to investigate associations between suicidal ideation and pregnancy outcomes. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.7%, preterm delivery was 5.7%, low birthweight was 4.4%, and small for gestational age was 3.4%. In an adjusted model, infant birthweight was 94.2 grams lower for mothers with antepartum suicidal ideation (95% CI: −183.0, −5.5, p = 0.037) compared with those without suicidal ideation. After adjusting for confounders including depression, participants with suicidal ideation had a nearly four-fold increased odds of delivering a small for gestational age infant (OR: 3.73; 95% CI: 1.59–8.74). These findings suggest suicidal ideation during pregnancy is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, especially low infant birthweight.
Revisión por pares
46
Orchinik, Leah J. "Emotion Regulation in Preschool-Aged Children with Very Low Birth Weight: Outcomes Relative to Normal Birth Weight Children and Associations of Child Characteristics and Maternal Behavior." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1415955246.
Full text
47
Duppré, Perrine [Verfasser], and Sascha [Akademischer Betreuer] Meyer. "Zelluläre und humorale Gerinnungsparameter bei Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) und Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW)- Neonaten mit intraventrikulären Hirnblutungen (IVH) / Perrine Duppré ; Betreuer: Sascha Meyer." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1205314237/34.
Full text
48
Yusof, Safiah Mohd. "Factors affecting birth outcomes in South Asian women." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300817.
Full text
49
Malo, E. (Elina). "The role of low birth weight and resistin in metabolic syndrome." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526202686.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of metabolic abnormalities including abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A unifying pathophysiological mechanism behind these abnormalities has not been detected. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing all over the world. It is important to identify the factors contributing to these diseases. The aim of this thesis was to study how the peptide hormone resistin is associated with metabolic syndrome and find out whether intrauterine growth restriction predisposes to adverse changes in lipid and glucose metabolism and peptide hormones in a rat model. Resistin is secreted mainly from macrophages in humans. It possesses proinflammatory properties. Controversial results about its role on obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome have been reported. In the first study of this thesis, resistin levels were measured from 1500 Finnish subjects in the cross-sectional Health 2000 study. Higher resistin levels were detected in subjects fulfilling the criteria for metabolic syndrome compared to subjects without metabolic syndrome. Resistin was associated with several components of metabolic syndrome. Data derived from epidemiological studies show that low birth weight is associated with an increased risk for chronic diseases in adulthood. A rat model of intrauterine growth restriction was created. In the second study, unfavorable changes in the peptide hormones resistin and adiponectin were detected that may predispose rats to subsequent insulin resistance. In addition to intrauterine growth restriction, the effect of postnatal fructose-rich diet was explored in the third study. Intrauterine growth restriction and postnatal fructose diet decreased body weight and induced adverse changes in lipid and glucose metabolism in offspring. However, fetally growth-restricted rats were not more susceptible to the adverse effect of fructose diet. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that resistin is associated with metabolic syndrome and is increased by intrauterine growth restriction. Restricted maternal diet during pregnancy influences weight and lipid metabolism in rat offspringTiivistelmä Metaboliseksi oireyhtymäksi kutsutaan sydän- ja verisuonitautien sekä tyypin 2 diabeteksen riskitekijöiden kasaumaa. Näitä riskitekijöitä ovat keskivartalolihavuus, heikentynyt glukoosin sieto, insuliiniresistenssi, korkea verenpaine sekä rasva-aineenvaihdunnan häiriöt, erityisesti korkea triglyseridipitoisuus ja matala HDL-taso. Näiden tekijöiden taustalta ei ole löydetty selkeää yhdistävää mekanismia. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena oli tutkia resistiinin yhteyttä metaboliseen oireyhtymään sekä selvittää, altistaako raskauden aikainen aliravitsemus ja siihen liittyvä alhainen syntymäpaino häiriöille rasva- ja glukoosiaineenvaihdunnassa sekä peptidihormoneissa rotalla. Resistiini erittyy ihmisellä pääasiassa tulehdussoluista, erityisesti makrofageista. Sillä on todettu olevan tulehdusta edistäviä vaikutuksia. Resistiinin yhteydestä lihavuuteen, insuliiniresistenssiin ja metaboliseen oireyhtymään on julkaistu ristiriitaisia tuloksia. Väitöskirjan ensimmäisessä osatyössä plasman resistiinipitoisuudet määritettiin 1500 suomalaiselta poikkitieteellisessä Terveys 2000 -tutkimuksessa. Havaittiin, että resistiinipitoisuudet olivat korkeammat niillä tutkimushenkilöillä, joilla oli metabolinen oireyhtymä verrattuna henkilöihin, joilta oireyhtymä puuttui. Epidemiologisissa tutkimuksissa on havaittu, että alhainen syntymäpaino on yhteydessä korkeampaan riskiin sairastua moniin kroonisiin sairauksiin, kuten sydän- ja verisuonitauteihin aikuisiässä. Toisessa ja kolmannessa osatyössä tutkittiin rottamallissa raskauden aikaisen ravintorajoituksen vaikutusta jälkeläisten kasvuun, rasva- ja sokerimetaboliaan sekä peptidihormoneihin. Toisessa osatyössä todettiin, että rajoitettu ravinto raskauden aikana aiheutti haitallisia muutoksia resistiini- ja adiponektiinipitoisuuksissa altistaen jälkeläiset insuliiniresistenssille. Kolmannessa osatyössä tutkittiin lisäksi syntymänjälkeisen fruktoosipitoisen ravinnon vaikutuksia. Raskauden aikaisen aliravitsemuksen ja fruktoosiravinnon vaikutuksesta rotat olivat aikuisena pienempiä ja niillä havaittiin häiriöitä rasva- ja sokeriaineenvaihdunnassa. Tutkimus osoittaa, että korkea plasman resistiini-pitoisuus liittyy metaboliseen oireyhtymään. Lisäksi voidaan todeta, että rajoitettu ravinto raskauden aikana aiheuttaa rotalla korkeamman resistiini-pitoisuuden lisäksi muutoksia painossa ja rasva-aineenvaihdunnassa
50
Lerfald, Jennifer L. "Seasonal factors and birth weight, new evidence from the Southern Hemisphere." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57553.pdf.
Full text