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Harris, Caroline J. "Assessing children's body shape and weight concern." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/232/.
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Shape and weight over-concern and self-evaluation almost exclusively in these terms is a core feature of eating disorder psychopathology and it is this which is thought to drive weight control behaviours. The literature indicates concerns about weight and shape can be present in children at least as young as eight rears of age. Currently, there is no tool available which measures a child's over-concern with their body shape and weight per se. This study developed an assessment of children's body shape and weight over-concern, using scales measuring shape and weight concern and perceived importance of shape and weight. The properties of the new shape and weight over-concern assessment were examined in relation to children's self-perception and implicit attitudes towards overweight. Participants were 333 Year 5 children (181 boys and 152 girls) from North Yorkshire primary schools, with a mean age of 9 years 7 months. They completed measures of body shape perception, dietary restraint, height and weight accuracy, self-esteem and body shape and weight over-concern. In addition they completed a timed implicit association task which assessed implicit attitudes towards overweight. The new assessment was concluded to have good psychometric properties and to be a reasonable assessment of shape and weight over-concern in children. Children with high shape and weight concern tended to be heavier, less satisfied with their weight and body shape, have lower self-esteem and report increased levels of dietary restraint. High levels of perceived importance of shape and weight also impacted on this latter variable. A general anti-fat bias was indicated from this group of children. Dietary restraint score was a significant predictor of shape and weight over-concern, as was global self-worth (for the boys) and physical appearance (for the girls). No gender differences were found in the assessment of shape and weight over-concern. This study is the first to measure shape and weight over-concern in children and highlights a need of continued research of over-concern in children and adults. This will continue to inform intervention and prevention programmes of eating disorders. Further research into the implicit anti-fat attitudes in children as young as 9 years is also indicated, especially in respect of shape and weight over-concern.
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Riley, Helen. "Perfectionism and thoughts about eating, weight and shape." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421196.
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Franklin, Julie A. "Inter-generational transmission of values regarding weight, shape and appearance." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/253/.
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Many studies have shown that dieting behaviour is popular amongst adolescent girls and there is a growing body of researchw hich suggests that similar patterns of dieting behaviour can be found in girls as young as 9 or 10. Although adolescent dieting is common relatively little is known about the reasons for its emergence. Previous research by Pike and Rodin (1991) found higher levels of weight concern and dissatisfactions with family functioning in mothers of eating disordered adolescent girls. The present study sought to extend this research by examining the maternal influences on weight and dieting concerns at a younger age. The present study investigated dieting motivation and underlying attitudes to weight and shape between mothers and their young adolescent daughters. Twenty girls with high dietary restraint scores were interviewed in addition to twenty girls whose restraint score fell on or below the mean. The mothers of all forty subjects were also interviewed and assessments were completed including dietary restraint,body esteem, self-esteem and body figure preferences and the family enviromnent scale. The high restraint girls reported being more dissatisfied with their body shape and tended to have lower body esteem compared to the comparison group of girls. These differences were not merely a reflection of higher body weight. Although no relationship was found between the mothers' and daughters' restraint scores the mother daughter relationship did appear to be significant in other ways. The high restraint mothers and daughters both had low body esteem scores and desired to lose more weight than the comparison group of girls and mothers. Family functioning appeared to be different between the two groups. The high restraint mothers and daughters perceived the family to be less cohesive, to have lower levels of organisation and place less emphasis on moral and religious issues. This study has reinforced the growing recognition that pre-adolescent girls may hold high dieting motivation. It has also highlighted the significance of the family system and mother-daughter relationship in the development of disordered eating. The parallel with the findings of Pike and Rodin supports the role that mothers may play in the transmission of cultural values regarding weight, shape and appearance. Importantly it also places dieting within a wider context of dissatisfaction with family functioning. Clinicians should be aware of these issues as they have important implications for early intervention and prevention of eating disorders.
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Ran, Romi. "Eating disorders : the role of factors beyond eating, weight and shape." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589525.
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Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with one of the highest rates of mortality amongst mental health disorders. Nonetheless, our knowledge of what causes them is limited. Typically, research has investigated the impact of eating, weight and shape. However, recent evidence suggests additional factors may be involved. Perfectionism, for example, has been shown to be associated with ED symptoms. Nonetheless, despite evidence that one in four individuals with an ED is male, research has primarily investigated female populations. Consequently, the first paper is a systematic review of the literature pertaining to perfectionism and ED symptoms in men. Consideration is given to the various definitions of perfectionism, the subgroups of males that have been investigated and the type of associations that have been found. Limitations of the existing literature are considered and areas for future research are highlighted. Research has further suggested that specific themes in core beliefs are associated with EDs. However, the exact nature of this relationship is currently unknown. The second paper therefore aims to determine whether there is a causal relationship between these core beliefs and ED symptoms. Specific ED core beliefs were activated in one group of healthy volunteers (experimental group) and positive self-beliefs were activated in another (control group). Results showed that the experimental group reported more negative mood after belief activation whilst the control group reported more positive mood. Participants also completed three ED-related behavioural tasks, to determine if this had any further impact on ED symptoms. Results showed a trend for participants in the experimental group to eat more chocolates than those in the control group after participating in these tasks. Various explanations for the results are considered. As the study was the first of its kind to explore a causal relationship between core beliefs and EDs, directions for future research are suggested.
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Nelson, Sara J. "Body-weight and shape-attentional biases in non-clinically eating disordered women." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/d56ef613-3768-4b27-89ec-8173e411a40a.
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CHAKKALAKKAL, JOSEPH JUNIOR. "Design of a weight optimized casted ADI component using topology and shape optimization." Thesis, KTH, Maskin- och processteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-236518.
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Structural Optimization techniques are widely used in product development process in ‘modern industry’ to generate optimal designs with only sufficient material to serve the purpose of the component. In conventional design problems, the design process usually generates overdesigned components with excess material and weight. This will in turn increase the life time cost of machines, both in terms material wastage and expense of usage. The thesis “Design of a weight optimized casted ADI component using topology and shape optimization” deals with redesigning a component from a welded steel plate structure into a castable design for reduced manufacturing cost and weight reduction. The component “Drill Steel Support” mounted in front of the drilling boom of a Face Drilling Machine is redesigned during this work. The main objective of the thesis is to provide an alternative design with lower weight that can be mounted on the existing machine layout without any changes in the mounting interfaces. This thesis report covers in detail procedure followed for attaining the weight reduction of the “Drill Steel Support” and presents the results and methodology which is based on both topology and shape optimization.Strukturoptimering används ofta i produktutvecklingsprocessen i modern industri för att ta fram optimala konstruktioner med minsta möjliga materialåtgång för komponenten. Konventionella konstruktionsmetoder genererar vanligtvis överdimensionerade komponenter med överflödigt material och vikt. Detta ökar i sin tur livstidskostnaderna för maskiner både i termer av materialavfall och användning. Avhandlingen "Konstruktion av viktoptimerad gjuten ADI-komponent" behandlar omkonstruktionen av en komponent från en svetsad stålplåtstruktur till en gjutbar konstruktion med minskad tillverkningskostnad och vikt. Komponenten “Borrstöd” monterad i framkant av bommen på en ortdrivningsmaskin är omkonstruerad under detta arbete. Huvudsyftet med avhandlingen är ta fram en alternativ konstruktion med lägre vikt och som kan monteras på befintlig maskinlayout utan någon ändring i monteringsgränssnittet. Denna avhandling innehåller en detaljerad beskrivning av förfarandet för att uppnå viktminskningen av "borrstödet" och presenterar resultaten samt metodiken som baseras på både topologi- och parameter- optimering.
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Burrows, Alison. "Concerns about weight and shape in overweight 12 year old girls and their mothers." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57737/.
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Concerns about weight, shape and eating and attempts at dietary restraint are prevalent among young girls, but may increase the risk of the development of eating disorders, especially if low self-esteem or symptoms of depression are also present. The literature suggests that there may be links between mothers and daughters attitudes towards weight, shape and dietary restraint. The aim of the study was to investigate whether concerns about weight, shape and eating and attempts at dietary restraint differed between overweight and average-weight girls; and whether overweight girls had lower self-esteem, and/or more symptoms of depression than average-weight girls. Possible links between mothers' and daughters' attitudes towards weight and shape and dietary restraint were also investigated. Results showed that overweight girls had more concerns about weight, shape and eating and attempted dietary restraint more than average weight girls. Overweight girls had more negative perception of their athletic competence, physical appearance and global self-worth, and more symptoms of depression than average-weight girls. Mothers of overweight girls, who themselves had higher BMIs than the mothers of average-weight girls, had more concerns and negative beliefs about weight, shape and eating and attempted more dietary restraint, than the mothers of average-weight girls. Although there was some association between mothers' and daughters' concerns in the average-weight group these associations were not present in the overweight group. The conclusions were that overweight girls may be particularly vulnerable to the development of eating disorders, but that the links between mothers' and daughters' concerns are not straightforward.
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Marks, Penelope June. "Direct and correlated responses to selection to change the shape of the growth curve in mice." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15266.
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Holtom-Viesel, Anita. "Development and exploration of the shape, weight and eating scale with an eating disorder population." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9898.
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Eating disorders are difficult to treat which may partly be due to limited understanding of maintaining factors. Research has explored maintaining factors for eating disorders and this thesis focused on a number of these. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the role of family functioning in eating disorders and an empirical paper considered the role of shame and pride. The systematic literature review identified and evaluated quantitative research investigating family functioning in eating disorder families and its relationship with outcomes from the disorder. Fourteen studies were reviewed and findings indicated that eating disorder families reported poorer family functioning than control families, patients consistently rated their family more dysfunctional than their parents, but the notion of a typical pattern of family dysfunction was not supported. In relation to outcome, those with positive perceptions of family functioning had more positive outcomes, irrespective of eating disorder severity. Conclusions of the review were limited by conflicting, variable findings and methodological issues. An empirical study was conducted with 73 adults with an eating disorder to explore the component structure and psychometric properties of the Shape, Weight and Eating Scale (SWES) and investigate differences in responses for participants who restrict or binge-purge. A three component structure was retained; „Lack of Pride in Attractiveness‟, „Pride in Control‟ and „Shame around Eating‟. The reliability and validity of the SWES were assessed and discussed. „Pride in Control‟ significantly contributed to variance of restricting cognitions and behaviours whilst „Shame around Eating‟ significantly contributed to variance of binge-purging cognitions and behaviours and restricting cognitions. The findings supported the notion of shame-shame and shame-pride cycles (Goss & Gilbert 2002) in eating disorders and highlighted the need for a measure of shame and pride specific to eating, body shape and weight. The study limitations, clinical implications and future research were discussed.
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Morin, Brooke C. "The effect of speed and body weight support on the ankle-foot roll-over shape." Connect to resource, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/44509.
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Lofton, Stacy L. "Attitudes and Behaviors Toward Weight, Body Shape and Eating in Male and Female College Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2713/.
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The purpose of this investigation was to assess the association between body mass index as well as race/ethnicity and established correlates of disordered eating including drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, bulimia, dietary restraint and social physique anxiety in male and female college students. Difference between actual, desirable and perceived body weight was also assessed. ANOVA suggested that as actual body mass index increased, in general, attitudes and behavior toward weight, body shape and eating increased. A two-tailed t-test suggested that males and females differed significantly with regards to attitudes and behavior toward weight body shape and eating. ANOVA indicated that little to no association existed between race/ethnicity and established correlates of disordered eating.
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Holt, Kate, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Preventing weight and muscle concerns among preadolescents." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2005. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050825.094217.
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The high level of weight and shape concerns amongst preadolescent children has prompted interest in the development of prevention programs for this age group. In the 1990s weight and shape concerns were considered primarily an adolescent phenomenon. However, prevention programs which have been designed with adolescent and adult populations have been found to show limited success. Some researchers have argued that programs which target preadolescent children are more likely to be effective than programs that target adolescents, as by adolescence many attitudes and behaviours have become entrenched so they may be more difficult to modify. On the other hand, children's weight and shape concerns are believed to be more malleable and amenable to change. To date there have been limited controlled studies implementing prevention programs designed to reduce weight and shape concerns with preadolescent populations.
The new study conducted as part of this thesis involves the development and implementation of the Everybody s Different, Nobody Else Is Me preadolescent prevention program. The program was designed to address some of the methodological biases of past research and incorporate three risk factors, social comparisons, negative affect, and self-esteem, to reduce and/or prevent the development of weight and muscle concerns among children. These three risk factors have been found to be associated with weight and shape concerns of adolescents and adults, and there is also increasing evidence that they are important factors among children. Research also suggests that social comparisons, negative affect, and self-esteem are interrelated, which highlights the importance of targeting the variables in one program.
The new five session prevention initiative was implemented with 156 grade four children. Both the treatment and control conditions consisted of 78 children. Preliminary evidence from the new prevention initiative indicated that the program reduced muscle bulk and exercise (ie. An over-emphasis on exercise to lose weight rather than health promotion), and negative affect in the long term as assessed by the six month follow-up. At the six month follow-up, children in both the treatment and control conditions reported reduced negative affect, dieting, and muscle bulk and exercise scores and increased positive affect. Consistent with short term follow-up results, boys reported greater muscle bulk and exercise scores than girls at the six month follow-up. Girls, in both conditions, were also found to report greater positive affect than boys. These findings are discussed in relation to past research, and suggestions for future prevention initiatives are highlighted.
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Li, Wen. "Solute diffusion in the bone lacunar-canalicular system its dependency on molecular weight, shape, and charge /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 75 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1694433001&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Frampton, Ian. "Are overvalued ideas about weight and shape overvalued ideas in the diagnosis of early onset anorexia nervosa?" Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/35552.
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Objective: The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) is a reliable and valid semi-structured interview, which measures the specific psychopathology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the child adaptation of version 12.0D of the EDE (ChEDE 12.0). Method: The ChEDE 12.0 was administered to 15 children with anorexia nervosa (AN), 15 children with other clinical eating disturbances and two groups of 15 age-matched controls. The groups were compared using a two sample matched groups design. Results: Alpha coefficients for each of the ChEDE 12.0 subscales indicated a high degree of internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability was found to be high (r=0.91 to r=1.00). The subscale scores of the AN group were significantly higher than those of the other groups, whilst the other eating disturbance group did not differ from its control group. Discussion: The ChEDE 12.0 differentiates children with AN from children with other forms of clinical eating disturbance and control children. The hypothesis that children with early onset anorexia nervosa would not evidence significant weight and shape concern is refuted
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Dallacker, Mattea [Verfasser]. "Social determinants of obesity: How parents shape the eating behavior and body weight of their children / Mattea Dallacker." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1150704535/34.
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Swami, Viren Vasudev. "Evolutionary psychology and the study of human physical attractiveness : the influence of body weight and shape across cultures." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424388.
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Bell, Caroline. "The Eating Disorder Belief questionnaire in adolescent girls, and predictors of behaviour, and weight, shape and eating concerns." Thesis, Open University, 2001. http://oro.open.ac.uk/58167/.
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Doyle, Suzi. "'Body of evidence' : the experience of patients with anorexia nervosa regarding imagery related to food, weight and shape." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2013. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13058/.
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Aims: The primary aim of this study was to augment the body of largely quantitative empirical work informing psychological therapy with people diagnosed with eating disorders, in particular, anorexia nervosa, through a collaborative exploration of the lived experience of sufferers, focusing on imagery related to food, weight and shape. This involved the development of an understanding of the themes inherent in the experience of women with anorexia nervosa, based on their in-depth descriptions. Design: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) offers a framework for exploring the lived experience of people embedded within a context, and the meanings that people attach to their experience. This qualitative approach was considered suitable for this study, given its aim of engaging with rich descriptions of people’s experiences. Method: Participants were ten women aged between 18 and 30, with a current diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, who volunteered for interview. Indepth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the aim of learning about the participants’ embodied experience and how they made sense of their experience. Findings: Analysis using IPA led to the emergence of three Master themes, each constituting a pair of constructs which represent polarities within a realm of experience, namely (1) fragmentation versus integration, (2) exposure versus protection and (3) isolation versus relatedness. Within each realm of experience, there was stronger support within the data for the first construct (namely, fragmentation, exposure and isolation) than for its polar opposite. Organisation of Master themes according to this interpretation allowed for the possibility that participants might potentially experience to a greater extent the opposite polarities of integration, security and relatedness. Conclusion: Psychological therapy for people diagnosed with anorexia nervosa can be enhanced by an understanding of the use of the body in constricting the self in order to feel safe. Imagery work may be integrated into therapy to support clients in developing the capacity for integrated, self-reflective and embodied engagement in their relating to self, others and the wider context.
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Bassra, Pavan. "A qualitative exploration of how British, Muslim young women implicate Asian culture in their accounts of eating, weight and shape." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437657.
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Nugent, Russell Arthur. "Analysis of newborn calf body measurements and relationship of calf shape to sire breeding values for birth weight and calving ease." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135956/.
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Rose, Kathryn. "The eating disorder belief questionnaire in 17-18 year old girls and predictors of behaviour, and weight, shape and eating concerns." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275180.
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Xu, Xiaoqian. "Shape Matching, Relevance Feedback, and Indexing with Application to Spine X-Ray Image Retrieval." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1648.pdf.
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Hunt, Jenny. "Selective memory bias in the processing of weight, shape and food related words in women with bulimia nervosa, depression and female non-clinical controls." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242702.
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Ashton, Stephanie. "Exploration and comparison of cognitions and metacognitions related to eating, weight and shape described by obese people who do and do not report binge eating." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48044/.
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Background: Binge Eating Disorder (BED) commonly, although not exclusively, occurs in obesity. Currently, the cognitions and cognitive processes involved in BED are not fully understood. The self-regulatory executive function model (S-REF; Wells & Matthews, 1994, 1996) is the dominant model regarding the role of metacognition in psychopathology. Metacognition has not yet been explored in BED or obesity. A cognitive model of Bulimia Nervosa (BN) (Cooper, Todd, & Wells, 2009) provides a detailed explanation of the cognitions and cognitive processes involved in the binge eating (BE) cycle within BN. Research suggests aspects of the model could be relevant to obese binge eaters. Aim: To explore and compare the cognitions and metacognitions related to eating, weight and shape reported by obese people with and without BE. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten obese participants, five with and five without BE (aged 23 to 61 years; BMI values from 36.2 to 67.9). Template analysis was used to analyse the data. Six self-report questionnaires and one demographics information sheet were included to contextualise the qualitative findings. Results: The a priori themes of ‘metacognitive knowledge’, ‘positive and negative beliefs about eating’ and ‘permissive thoughts’ were supported by the interview data for the obese binge eaters. Additional data-driven themes of ‘negative self-beliefs’ and ‘reflections’ emerged. For the non-binge eaters, the a priori themes of ‘positive and negative beliefs about eating’ were supported by the interview data. Additional data-driven themes of ‘negative self-beliefs’ and ‘metacognitive knowledge’ emerged. The quantitative data supported the qualitative results. Conclusions: The study is preliminary in nature. The results suggest both the S-REF and cognitive model of BN (Cooper et al., 2009) are potentially useful to enhance iv understanding of the cognitions and metacognitions important in both obese people with and without BE.
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Sawadkosin, Paranee. "Optimalizace tvaru strojních součástí s vlivem variabililty vstupních údajů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401572.
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The objective of this Master’s thesis is to find shape optimal design based on min- imizing friction force of thrust bearing by using genetic algorithm(GA) which is one of an optimization toolbox in Matlab. Reducing the friction force of thrust bearing is one way of making shaft to decreasing friction losses. With four parameters of thrust bearing geometry number of segments(m), angle of running surface(), segment inner radius(R0), and segment outer radius(R1) substitute in Reynolds’ equation. In order to know friction force, it is necessary to generate a connecting variable, oil film thickness(h0) from loading capacity(W ) and revolution per minute(rpm). Friction power loss, as well as weight func- tion conclude the final shape optimization of thrust bearing: m = 7, = 0.1, R0 = 15 mm, and R1 = 20 mm.
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Wheatley-Brown, Michèle T. "An Analysis of Terminology Describing the Physical Aspect of Piano Technique." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20434.
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Mastering the physical aspect of piano technique has long been a topic of great interest and importance to pianists. This is borne out in the numerous pedagogical approaches on the topic of piano technique. Despite the many contributions from pedagogues and scholars in developing an understanding of piano technique, many conflicting approaches often cause more confusion than clarity. After reviewing the literature on pedagogical approaches to piano technique, this study determined that problematic language might lie at the root of the confusion. Core concepts identified in the review of literature as recurring areas of misunderstanding were tension, relaxation, co-contraction, arm weight, and hand and finger shape.
The purpose of this study is to seek where issues of language exist in contemporary piano pedagogical approaches and to show how these problems may contribute to the systemic confusion in piano technique. To do this, the language that is used to describe and define the core concepts identified in the review of literature is analyzed in five modern pedagogical approaches. Five authors who have developed approaches that reflect current trends in piano technique have been selected for this study: Barbara Lister-Sink; Dorothy Taubman; Thomas Mark; Fred Karpoff; and Alan Fraser. The first step of this study entails collecting data from each of the five pedagogical approaches. The data is then analyzed for consistency and accuracy. Problems in language that contribute to the inconsistencies and inaccuracies are examined and illustrated with material from the data collection.
This study concludes by identifying the main sources of confusion in the use of language: inconsistent and inaccurate use of terms; wavering between scientific, common, and invented language; challenges in describing opposing qualities that come from tension and relaxation; and failing to discern between the individual subjective experience and the mechanics of movement. By recognizing where the problems in language exist, this study represents an important first step for the pedagogical community to reach a common understanding of the language used to describe the physical aspect of piano technique.
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Ben, abdalah Abir. "Influence du vieillissement sur l'effet mémoire des polymères / Modélisation du mécanisme de mémoire de forme." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE046.
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La présente thèse a pour objectif de caractériser l’effet mémoire de forme du mélange (40%PCL/ 60%SBS) et d’étudier l’influence de l’altération de la masse molaire et des propriétés physico-chimiques sur cet EMF. Dans un premier temps, une caractérisation expérimentale a été effectuée afin de déterminer les propriétés physico-chimiques, morphologiques et mécaniques des matériaux d’études. Le mélange (PCL/SBS) présente un EMF total (EMFT) puisqu’il récupère 100% de sa forme initiale après un cycle de mémoire de forme. L’énergie emmagasinée dans la structure agit en tant que la force motrice qui pourrait être responsable de cet EMF. Donc, une méthode originale utilisant un témoin a été proposée afin d’évaluer l’évolution de la contrainte-déformation durant la recouvrance. Dans une deuxième étape, afin de changer la masse molaire du PCL dans le mélange (SBS/PCL), le vieillissement par hydrolyse enzymatique en utilisant une enzyme de type Amano Lipase de Pseudomonas fluorescens a été réalisé. L’effet du vieillissement sur les propriétés du PCL pur a été tout d’abord évalué. Ensuite, l’échantillonnage a été effectué et des mélanges (PCL/SBS) à différentes masses molaires du PCL ont été donc obtenus. Ces mélanges ont été soumis par la suite à des essais de caractérisation et à des essais de mémoire de forme afin d’étudier la relation entre la masse molaire et l’EMF. Les résultats ont montré que la diminution de la masse molaire engendre des changements morphologiques et structuraux, l’augmentation de la rigidité et la fragilisation du mélange, la diminution de la compatibilité, l’augmentation de l’hétérogénéité et la perte de l’équilibre thermodynamique des phases. Ces changements de la masse molaire et donc des propriétés du mélange ont altéré sa capacité de recouvrance. Le mélange initialement à EMFT (Rr =100%) devient à EMF partiel EMFP (Rr=50%). Dans une dernière étape, un modèle biparabolique a été employé pour la prédiction du comportement viscoélastique du mélange (40%PCL/60%SBS) avant et après son vieillissement par hydrolyse enzymatiqueThe aim of this thesis is to characterize the Shape Memory Effect (SME) of the (40% PCL/60% SBS) blend and to study the influence of the molecular weight and the physicochemical properties on this SME. Firstly, experimental characterization is performed in order to evaluate the physicochemical, morphological and mechanical properties of the used materials. The (PCL/SBS) blend exhibits a Total SME (TSME) as it recovers 100% of its original shape after one shape memory cycle. The energy stored in the structure acts as the driving force that can be responsible for this SME. Therefore, an original method using a witness is used to establish the stress-strain evolution during recovery. Secondly, to change the molecular weight of PCL in the blend, enzymatic hydrolytic degradation using an Amano Lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens is carried out. The influence of hydrolysis on the pure PCL properties is evaluated. Then, sampling is carried out and (PCL/SBS) blends with different PCL molecular weights are obtained. Subsequently, these blends are submitted to experimental and shape memory tests to study the relationship between the molecular weight and the SME. The results show that the decrease in the molecular weight causes morphological and structural changes: the increase in stiffness and the embrittlement of the mixture, the decrease in compatibility, the increase in heterogeneity and the loss of thermo-dynamical balance of phases. These changes in the molecular weight and in the properties of blends influence its recovery capacity. The blend with the TSME is transformed to a polymer with partial SME. Finally, a bi-parabolic model is used to predict the viscoelastic behavior of the (40% PCL / 60% SBS) blend before and after its enzymatic hydrolytic aging
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Tanner, Allison. "Strength of Masonry Grout Made with Expanded Shale." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4018.
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Light-weight aggregate has been used successfully for structural and non-structural applications, and its most common use has been in light-weight concrete. Limited research has been done on light-weight grout though and there are no standards in place. The research performed in this study is intended to increase the knowledge of light-weight grout specifically made with expanded shale aggregate. The research presented herein is a pilot study and consists of preliminary aggregate and grout testing that resulted in the mix design of six grout types: three fine grout designs and three coarse grout designs. Conventional normal-weight aggregate was employed in the first grout mix. A light-weight aggregate batch was made with the same material proportions, as well as the same target water-cement (w/c) ratio and cement content. The weight of the cement was increased by 30 percent in the third grout type of each set to determine the effect on strength. The slump, component temperature, unit weight, air content, segregation, cement content, w/c ratio, and compressive strength for each grout type was gathered throughout testing. Correlations between grout testing results are examined and discussed. In addition, the effectiveness of expanded shale grout, other light-weight grouts, and normal-weight grout with respect to compressive strength to cement content ratio are determined. Results of the testing show that all six grout types studied in this research reached the minimum 28-day strength of 13.8 MPa (2000 psi) ASTM standard. In addition, the results indicate that the cement content in expanded shale light-weight grout would need to be increased to reach comparable compressive strengths to that of the normal-weight grout. The comparison between the compressive strength to cement content ratio of the different grouts indicate that normal-weight grout is more efficient. In addition, light-weight grout made with blast furnace slag grout is slightly more efficient than that made with expanded shale; however, this observation was only possible after several crucial assumptions were made about an existing blast furnace slag study. These strength-cement ratios do not account, however, for the benefits of reduced dead loads, improved thermal insulation, and improved sound insulation that could potentially influence the choice of the material used in and the life-cycle cost of the construction. Additional research should be done to verify the results of the ratios and the assumptions made herein. Furthermore, a life-cycle analysis needs to be conducted before a definite conclusion is made about which type grout is more efficient.
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Havlíková, Ivana. "Dynamická analýza konstrukce zatížené seismickým zatížením." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225730.
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The purpose of my master’s thesis is the solution steel hall with concrete columns, that is loaded by an earthquake. This simulation program was used RFEM. To calculate was used the spectral and temporal analysis, and that on models of structures with several combinations of materials. The analysis was performed for both the general direction of the earthquake, so for combinations of directions according to standard procedures in EC8.
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Nikjoo, Soukhtabandani Ali. "Partial shape matching using CCP map and weighted graph transformation matching." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30611/30611.pdf.
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La détection de la similarité ou de la différence entre les images et leur mise en correspondance sont des problèmes fondamentaux dans le traitement de l'image. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, on utilise, dans la littérature, différents algorithmes d'appariement. Malgré leur nouveauté, ces algorithmes sont pour la plupart inefficaces et ne peuvent pas fonctionner correctement dans les situations d’images bruitées. Dans ce mémoire, nous résolvons la plupart des problèmes de ces méthodes en utilisant un algorithme fiable pour segmenter la carte des contours image, appelée carte des CCPs, et une nouvelle méthode d'appariement. Dans notre algorithme, nous utilisons un descripteur local qui est rapide à calculer, est invariant aux transformations affines et est fiable pour des objets non rigides et des situations d’occultation. Après avoir trouvé le meilleur appariement pour chaque contour, nous devons vérifier si ces derniers sont correctement appariés. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons l'approche « Weighted Graph Transformation Matching » (WGTM), qui est capable d'éliminer les appariements aberrants en fonction de leur proximité et de leurs relations géométriques. WGTM fonctionne correctement pour les objets à la fois rigides et non rigides et est robuste aux distorsions importantes. Pour évaluer notre méthode, le jeu de données ETHZ comportant cinq classes différentes d'objets (bouteilles, cygnes, tasses, girafes, logos Apple) est utilisé. Enfin, notre méthode est comparée à plusieurs méthodes célèbres proposées par d'autres chercheurs dans la littérature. Bien que notre méthode donne un résultat comparable à celui des méthodes de référence en termes du rappel et de la précision de localisation des frontières, elle améliore significativement la précision moyenne pour toutes les catégories du jeu de données ETHZ.Matching and detecting similarity or dissimilarity between images is a fundamental problem in image processing. Different matching algorithms are used in literature to solve this fundamental problem. Despite their novelty, these algorithms are mostly inefficient and cannot perform properly in noisy situations. In this thesis, we solve most of the problems of previous methods by using a reliable algorithm for segmenting image contour map, called CCP Map, and a new matching method. In our algorithm, we use a local shape descriptor that is very fast, invariant to affine transform, and robust for dealing with non-rigid objects and occlusion. After finding the best match for the contours, we need to verify if they are correctly matched. For this matter, we use the Weighted Graph Transformation Matching (WGTM) approach, which is capable of removing outliers based on their adjacency and geometrical relationships. WGTM works properly for both rigid and non-rigid objects and is robust to high order distortions. For evaluating our method, the ETHZ dataset including five diverse classes of objects (bottles, swans, mugs, giraffes, apple-logos) is used. Finally, our method is compared to several famous methods proposed by other researchers in the literature. While our method shows a comparable result to other benchmarks in terms of recall and the precision of boundary localization, it significantly improves the average precision for all of the categories in the ETHZ dataset.
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Gerritsen, Bart H. M. "Using weighted alpha complexes in subsurface modelling : reconstructing the shape of observed natural objects /." Delft : DUP Science, 2001. http://www.library.tudelft.nl/dissertations/main/Civil%20Engineering%20and%20Geosciences/20011126.pdf.
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Jullian, Christelle Francoise. "Self-Assembly of Matching Molecular Weight Linear and Star-Shaped Polyethylene glycol Molecules for Protein Adsorption Resistance." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29581.
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Fouling properties of materials such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) have been extensively studied over the past decades. Traditionally, the factors believed to result in protein adsorption resistance have included i) steric exclusion arising from the compression of longer chains and ii) grafting density contribution which may provide shielding from the underlying material.
Recent studies have suggested that PEG interaction with water may also play a role in its ability to resist protein adsorption suggesting that steric exclusion may not be the only mechanism occurring during PEG/protein interactions.
Star-shaped PEG polymers have been utilized in protein adsorption studies due to their high PEG segment concentration, which allows to increase the PEG chain grafting density compared to that achieved with linear PEG chains. Most studies that have investigated the interactions of tethered linear and star-shaped PEG layers with proteins have considered linear PEG molecules with molecular weights several orders of magnitude smaller than those considered for star-shaped PEG molecules (i.e. 10 000 g/mol vs. 200 000 g/mol, respectively). Additionally, the star-shaped PEG molecules which have been considered in the literature had up to ~70 arms and were therefore modeled by hard-sphere like structures and low chain densities near the surface due to steric hindrance. This resulted in some difficulties to achieve grafted PEG chain overlap for star molecules.
Here, triethoxysilane end-functionalized linear PEG molecules have been synthesized and utilized to form star-shaped PEG derivatives based on ethoxy hydrolysis and condensation reactions. This resulted in PEG stars with up to ~4 arms, which were found to result in grafted star-shaped PEG chains with significant chain overlap. Linear PEG derivatives were synthesized so that their molecular weight would match the overall molecular weight of the star-shaped PEG molecules. These 2 PEG molecular architectures were covalently self-assembled to hydroxylated silicon wafers and the thickness, grafting density, and conformation of these films were studied. The adsorption of human albumin (serum protein) on linear and star-shaped PEG films was compared to that obtained on control samples, i.e. uncoated silicon wafers. Both film architectures were found to significantly lower albumin adsorption.Ph. D.
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Cament, Riveros Leonardo. "Enhancements by weighted feature fusion, selection and active shape model for frontal and pose variation face recognition." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/132854.
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Doctor en Ingeniería EléctricaFace recognition is one of the most active areas of research in computer vision because of its wide range of possible applications in person identification, access control, human computer interfaces, and video search, among many others. Face identification is a one-to-n matching problem where a captured face is compared to n samples in a database. In this work a new method for robust face recognition is proposed. The methodology is divided in two parts, the first one focuses in face recognition robust to illumination, expression and small age variation and the second part focuses in pose variation. The proposed algorithm is based on Gabor features; which have been widely studied in face identification because of their good results and robustness. In the first part, a new method for face identification is proposed that combines local normalization for an illumination compensation stage, entropy-like weighted Gabor features for a feature extraction stage, and improvements in the Borda count classification through a threshold to eliminate low-score Gabor jets from the voting process. The FERET, AR, and FRGC 2.0 databases were used to test and compare the proposed method results with those previously published. Results on these databases show significant improvements relative to previously published results, reaching the best performance on the FERET and AR databases. Our proposed method also showed significant robustness to slight pose variations. The method was tested assuming noisy eye detection to check its robustness to inexact face alignment. Results show that the proposed method is robust to errors of up to three pixels in eye detection. However, face identification is strongly affected when the test images are very different from those of the gallery, as is the case in varying face pose. The second part of this work proposes a new 2D Gabor-based method which modifies the grid from which the Gabor features are extracted using a mesh to model face deformations produced by varying pose. Also, a statistical model of the Borda count scores computed by using the Gabor features is used to improve recognition performance across pose. The method was tested on the FERET and CMU-PIE databases, and the performance improvement provided by each block was assessed. The proposed method achieved the highest classification accuracy ever published on the FERET database with 2D face recognition methods. The performance obtained in the CMU-PIE database is among those obtained by the best published methods. Extensive experimental results are provided for different combinations of the proposed method, including results with two poses enrolled as a gallery.
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Forbes, Margaret G. "Phosphorus Retention and Fractionation in Masonry Sand and Light Weight Expanded Shale Used as Substrate in a Subsurface Flow Wetland." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3183/.
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Constructed wetlands are considered an inefficient technology for long-term phosphorus (P) removal. The P retention effectiveness of subsurface wetlands can be improved by using appropriate substrates. The objectives of this study were to: (i) use sorption isotherms to estimate the P sorption capacity of the two materials, masonry sand and light weight expanded shale; (ii) describe dissolved P removal in small (2.7 m3) subsurface flow wetlands; (iii) quantify the forms of P retained by the substrates in the pilot cells; and (iv) use resulting data to assess the technical and economic feasibility of the most promising system to remove P. The P sorption capacity of masonry sand and expanded shale, as determined with Langmuir isotherms, was 60 mg/kg and 971 mg/kg respectively. In the pilot cells receiving secondarily treated wastewater, cells containing expanded shale retained a greater proportion of the incoming P (50.8 percent) than cells containing masonry sand (14.5 percent). After a year of operation, samples were analyzed for total P (TP) and total inorganic P (TIP). Subsamples were fractionated into labile-P, Fe+Al-bound P, humic-P, Ca+Mg-bound P, and residual-P. Means and standard deviations of TP retained by the expanded shale and masonry sand were 349 + 169 and 11.9 + 18.6 mg/kg respectively. The largest forms of P retained by the expanded shale pilot cells were Fe+Al- bound P (108 mg/kg), followed by labile-P (46.7 mg/kg) and humic-P (39.8). Increases in the P forms of masonry sand were greatest in labile-P (7.5 mg/kg). The cost of an expanded shale wetland is within the range of costs conventional technologies for P removal. Accurate cost comparisons are dependent upon expansion capacity of the system under consideration. Materials with a high P sorption capacity also have potential for enhancing P removal in other constructed wetland applications such as stormwater wetlands and wetlands for treating agricultural runoff.
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Ruiz, Fernández Guillermo. "3D reconstruction for plastic surgery simulation based on statistical shape models." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667049.
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This thesis has been accomplished in Crisalix in collaboration with the Universitat Pompeu Fabra within the program of Doctorats Industrials. Crisalix has the mission of enhancing the communication between professionals of plastic surgery and patients by providing a solution to the most common question during the surgery planning process of ``How will I look after the surgery?''. The solution proposed by Crisalix is based in 3D imaging technology. This technology generates the 3D reconstruction that accurately represents the area of the patient that is going to be operated. This is followed by the possibility of creating multiple simulations of the plastic procedure, which results in the representation of the possible outcomes of the surgery.
This thesis presents a framework capable to reconstruct 3D shapes of faces and breasts of plastic surgery patients from 2D images and 3D scans. The 3D reconstruction of an object is a challenging problem with many inherent ambiguities. Statistical model based methods are a powerful approach to overcome some of these ambiguities. We follow the intuition of maximizing the use of available prior information by introducing it into statistical model based methods to enhance their properties.
First, we explore Active Shape Models (ASM) which are a well known method to perform 2D shapes alignment. However, it is challenging to maintain prior information (e.g. small set of given landmarks) unchanged once the statistical model constraints are applied. We propose a new weighted regularized projection into the parameter space which allows us to obtain shapes that at the same time fulfill the imposed shape constraints and are plausible according to the statistical model.
Second, we extend this methodology to be applied to 3D Morphable Models (3DMM), which are a widespread method to perform 3D reconstruction. However, existing methods present some limitations. Some of them are based in non-linear optimizations computationally expensive that can get stuck in local minima. Another limitation is that not all the methods provide enough resolution to represent accurately the anatomy details needed for this application. Given the medical use of the application, the accuracy and robustness of the method, are important factors to take into consideration. We show how 3DMM initialization and 3DMM fitting can be improved using our weighted regularized projection.
Finally, we present a framework capable to reconstruct 3D shapes of plastic surgery patients from two possible inputs: 2D images and 3D scans. Our method is used in different stages of the 3D reconstruction pipeline: shape alignment; 3DMM initialization and 3DMM fitting. The developed methods have been integrated in the production environment of Crisalix, proving their validity.Aquesta tesi ha estat realitzada a Crisalix amb la col·laboració de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra sota el pla de Doctorats Industrials. Crisalix té com a objectiu la millora de la comunicació entre els professionals de la cirurgia plàstica i els pacients, proporcionant una solució a la pregunta que sorgeix més freqüentment durant el procés de planificació d'una operació quirúrgica ``Com em veuré després de la cirurgia?''. La solució proposada per Crisalix està basada en la tecnologia d'imatge 3D. Aquesta tecnologia genera la reconstrucció 3D de la zona del pacient operada, seguit de la possibilitat de crear múltiples simulacions obtenint la representació dels possibles resultats de la cirurgia. Aquesta tesi presenta un sistema capaç de reconstruir cares i pits de pacients de cirurgia plàstica a partir de fotos 2D i escanegis. La reconstrucció en 3D d'un objecte és un problema complicat degut a la presència d'ambigüitats. Els mètodes basats en models estadístics son adequats per mitigar-les. En aquest treball, hem seguit la intuïció de maximitzar l'ús d'informació prèvia, introduint-la al model estadístic per millorar les seves propietats. En primer lloc, explorem els Active Shape Models (ASM) que són un conegut mètode fet servir per alinear contorns d'objectes 2D. No obstant, un cop aplicades les correccions de forma del model estadístic, es difícil de mantenir informació de la que es disposava a priori (per exemple, un petit conjunt de punts donat) inalterada. Proposem una nova projecció ponderada amb un terme de regularització, que permet obtenir formes que compleixen les restriccions de forma imposades i alhora són plausibles en concordança amb el model estadístic. En segon lloc, ampliem la metodologia per aplicar-la als anomenats 3D Morphable Models (3DMM) que són un mètode extensivament utilitzat per fer reconstrucció 3D. No obstant, els mètodes de 3DMM existents presenten algunes limitacions. Alguns estan basats en optimitzacions no lineals, computacionalment costoses i que poden quedar atrapades en mínims locals. Una altra limitació, és que no tots el mètodes proporcionen la resolució adequada per representar amb precisió els detalls de l'anatomia. Donat l'ús mèdic de l'aplicació, la precisió i la robustesa són factors molt importants a tenir en compte. Mostrem com la inicialització i l'ajustament de 3DMM poden ser millorats fent servir la projecció ponderada amb regularització proposada. Finalment, es presenta un sistema capaç de reconstruir models 3D de pacients de cirurgia plàstica a partir de dos possibles tipus de dades: imatges 2D i escaneigs en 3D. El nostre mètode es fa servir en diverses etapes del procés de reconstrucció: alineament de formes en imatge, la inicialització i l'ajustament de 3DMM. Els mètodes desenvolupats han estat integrats a l'entorn de producció de Crisalix provant la seva validesa.
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Carter, Megan Ann. "Do Childhood Excess Weight and Family Food Insecurity Share Common Risk Factors in the Local Environment? An Examination Using a Quebec Birth Cohort." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23801.
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Background: Childhood excess weight and family food insecurity are food-system related public health problems that exist in Canada. Since both relate to issues of food accessibility and availability, which have elements of “place”, they may share common risk factors in the local environment that are amenable to intervention. In this area of research, the literature derives mostly from a US context, and there is a dearth of high quality evidence, specifically from longitudinal studies.
Objectives: The main objectives of this thesis were to examine the adjusted associations between the place factors: material deprivation, social deprivation, social cohesion, disorder, and living location, with change in child BMI Z-score and with change in family food insecurity status in a Canadian cohort of children.
Methods: The Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development was used to meet the main objectives of this thesis. Response data from six collection cycles (4 – 10 years of age) were used in three main analyses. The first analysis examined change in child BMI Z-score as a function of the place factors using mixed models regression. The second analysis examined change in child BMI Z-score as a function of place factors using group-based trajectory modeling. The third and final analysis examined change in family food insecurity status as a function of the place factors using generalized estimating equations.
Results: Social deprivation, social cohesion and disorder were strongly and positively associated with family food insecurity, increasing the odds by 45-76%. These place factors, on the other hand, were not consistently associated with child weight status. Material deprivation was not important for either outcome, except for a slight positive association in the mixed models analysis of child weight status. Living location was not important in explaining family food insecurity. On the other hand, it was associated with child weight status in both analyses, but the nature of the relationship is still unclear.
Conclusions: Results do not suggest that addressing similar place factors may alleviate both child excess weight and family food insecurity. More high quality longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to clarify relationships between the local environment and child weight status and family food insecurity.
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Shennib, H., K. Hickle, and B. Bowles. "Axillary vein thrombosis induced by an increasingly popular oscillating dumbbell exercise device: a case report." BioMed Central, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610314.
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A 53 year-old male presented with a one-day history of a swollen arm and dull, aching pain in the right upper extremity. The patient reported commencing exercising daily over the prior week with a modified, oscillating dumbbell; commonly referred to as a Shake Weight. Imaging revealed an occlusive thrombus in the right axillary, proximal brachial and basilic veins. The patient was treated with a 24-hour tPA infusion followed by mechanical thrombectomy, balloon angioplasty, and stent placement for a residual thrombus and stenosis. The patient was discharged the following day on warfarin and aspirin. This is the first report of effort-induced thrombosis of the upper extremity following the use of a modified, oscillating dumbbell. Due to the growing popularity of modified dumbbells and the possible risk for axillary vein thrombosis, consideration should be made to caution consumers of this potential complication.
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Blomkvist, Oscar. "Smart Beta - index weighting." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168745.
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This study is a thesis ending a 120 credit masters program in Mathematics with specialization Financial Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). The subject of Smart beta is defined and studied in an index fund context. The portfolio weighting schemes tested are: equally weighting, maximum Sharpe ratio, maximum diversification, and fundamental weighting using P/E-ratios. The outcome of the strategies is measured in performance (accumulated return), risk, and cost of trading, along with measures of the proportions of different assets in the portfolio. The thesis goes through the steps of collecting, ordering, and ”cleaning” the data used in the process. A brief explanation of historical simulation used in estimation of stochastic variables such as expected return and covariance matrices is included, as well as analysis on the data’s distribution. The process of optimization and how rules for being UCITS compliant forms optimization programs with constraints is described. The results indicate that all, but the most diversified, portfolios tested outperform the market cap weighted portfolio. In all cases, the trading volumes and the market impact is increased, in comparison with the cap weighted portfolio. The Sharpe ratio maximizer yields a high level of return, while keeping the risk low. The fundamentally weighted portfolio performs best, but with higher risk. A combination of the two finds the portfolio with highest return and lowest risk.Denna studie är ett examensarbete som avslutar ett 120 poängs mastersprogram i Matematik med inriktning mot Finansiell Matematik och Matematisk Statistik på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH). Ämnet Smart beta studeras i kontexten av en indexfond, där de olika testade principerna för viktning i portföljerna är: likaviktad, maximerad Sharpe-kvot, maximerad diversifiering, och fundamental viktning användandes av P/E-tal. Utfallet i testerna utvärderas i ackumulerad avkastning, portföljrisk, kostnad att handla i portföljen, och ett antal mått på fördelningen av tillgångarna. Studien går stegvis igenom processen för att samla in, ordna, och ”tvätta” data. En kort förklaring av historisk simulering, metoden för att estimera stokastiska variabler såsom kovariansmatriser, är inkluderad, såväl som en analys av distributionen av data. Processen för att optimera portföljerna och hur regler för att vara en UCITS-fond kan omformas till optimeringsvillkor beskrivs. Resultaten indikerar att alla utom den mest diversifierade portföljen har högre ackumulerad avkastning än den marknadsviktade portföljen under testperioden. I alla testade fall ökar handelsvolymen liksom marknadspåverkan när en annan strategi än marknadsviktad används. Portföljen med maximerad Sharpe-kvot ger en hög avkastning med bibehållen låg risk. Den fundamentalt viktade portföljen ger bäst avkastning, men med en litet förhöjd risk. Kombinationen av de båda metoderna ger den portföljen med högst ackumulerad avkastning och samtidigt lägst risk under testperioden.
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Heptner, Nils. "Dynamics and non-equilibrium structure of colloidal dumbbell-shaped particles in dense suspensions." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17518.
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Neben ihrer Bedeutung in industriellen Anwendungen dienen Kolloide als Modellsysteme in Experimenten und in der Theorie, um die Struktur und Dynamik von kondensierter Materie zu untersuchen. Kürzlich wurde experimentell gezeigt, dass eine kleine Anisotropie ausreicht, um die viskoelastische Antwort im Vergleich zu harten Kugeln drastisch zu ändern. Die mikroskopischen Ursachen hierfür sind bisher nicht verstanden. In dieser Arbeit werden daher Nichtgleichgewichts-Brownsche-Dynamik-Simulationen (NEBD) von harten kolloidalen Dumbbells in oszillatorischen Scherfeldern entwickelt und eingesetzt, um diese Resultate mit Verbindung zu Rheologie- und Neutronenstreuexperimenten zu erklären. Weiterhin wird die Bedeutung der Anisotropie für Struktur und Dynamik von solchen Suspensionen im Gleichgewicht mit Hilfe von "Linear-Response"-Theorie und Brownsche-Dynamik-Simulationen analysiert. Im linearen Limit zeigt die Scherviskosität bei hohen Packungsdichten einen dramatischen Anstieg jenseits eines kritischen Anisotropieparameters. Dies weist darauf hin, dass schon bei den kleinen Anisotropien kollektive Rotations-Translations-Kopplungen für langsame Zeitskalen verantwortlich sind. Weiterhin wird ein Nichtgleichgewichtsübergang mittels NEBD-Simulationen von Suspensionen harter Dumbbells im PC unter oszillatorischer Scherung ersichtlich. Es wird gezeigt, dass der kontinuierliche Übergang nur für sehr kleine Aspektverhältnisse erhalten bleibt. Oberhalb eines bestimmten Aspektverhältnisses wird der Übergang durch einen ungeordneten Zustand vermittelt. Außerdem wird ein Sliding-Layer Zustand mit kollektiver Ordnung der Teilchenausrichtung bei hohen Scheramplituden beobachtet. Somit zeigt diese Arbeit, dass die NEBD-Simulationen Phänomene in Rheologie- und Streuexperimenten erklären. Angesichts dieser Experimente wird gezeigt, dass der Orientierungsfreiheitsgrad einen starken Einfluss auf den strukturellen Übergang bei steigenden Amplituden hat.Besides being important for industrial applications, colloidal suspensions have long served as model systems for investigating the structure and dynamics of condensed matter. Recently, it has been demonstrated experimentally that apparently a small particle anisotropy is sufficient to dramatically change the viscoelastic response under external shearing fields, of which the microscopic mechanisms are not yet sufficiently understood. In the present work, NEBD simulations of colloidal hard dumbbells in oscillatory shear fields are developed and employed to elucidate the novel findings in close connection with comprehensive rheology and SANS experiments. Furthermore, by utilising BD simulations and linear response theory, the impact of anisotropy on structure and dynamics of such suspensions in equilibrium is analysed. In the linear response limit, the shear viscosity exhibits a dramatic increase at high packing fractions beyond a critical anisotropy of the particles. This indicates that newly occurring, collective rotational-translational couplings must be made responsible for slow time scales appearing in the PC. Moreover, a non-equilibrium transition emerging at moderate aspect ratios is revealed by NEBD of plastic crystalline suspensions under oscillatory shear. This transition behaviour is systematically studied. It is demonstrated that the continuous nature of the transition is retained for very low aspect ratios only. Above a certain aspect ratio, the transition is mediated by an intermediate disordered state. Furthermore, a partially oriented sliding layer state featuring a finite collective order in the particles'' orientations is observed at high strains. Hence, this thesis demonstrates that the NEBD simulations explain novel phenomena in rheology and scattering experiments. In the light of these experiments, it is shown that the orientational degree of freedom has a vigorous impact on the structural transition under increasing oscillatory shear.
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De, Goede Andre. "Investigating certain share buyback transactions by companies listed on the JSE for the period 2000 to 2005." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/818.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Prior to 30 June 1999 companies in South Africa were not allowed to buy back their own shares. Amendments to the Companies Act, the Companies Amendment Act (Act 37 of 1999) radically changed the philosophy around capital maintenance. The result of this amendment is that a company is allowed to buy back its own shares and finance the backbuying of its shares under certain circumstances. A sample of 140 companies listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange for the period 2000 to 2005 was selected. The backbuying of shares by the relevant company, subsidiary and trust was analysed for the period 2000 to 2005. For the purposes of this empirical study, the financial sector, as well as the alternative exchange, that is focussed on good quality small and medium-sized high growth companies, were excluded during sample selection. The outcome of this exploratory study is the identification of the fact that a share buyback took place or not in Tables 4.1 and 4.2; a summary of the number of shares bought back in Table 4.3; and, in Table 4.4, a summary of the number of shares bought back, expressed as a percentage of the weighted average number of shares in issue.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Maatskappye in Suid-Afrika was voor 30 Junie 1999 deur die Maatskappywet verbied om hul eie aandele terug te koop. Wysigings aan die Maatskappywet, naamlik die Wysigingswet op Maatskappye (wet 37 van 1999) het ’n radikale verandering bewerkstellig in die filosofie rakende kapitaalinstandhouding. Die gevolg van dié wysigingswetgewing is dat maatskappye sedert 30 Junie 1999 hul eie aandele kan terugkoop en in sekere omstandighede die aankoop van hul eie aandele finansier. ’n Steekproef van 140 genoteerde maatskappye op die Johannesburgse Aandelebeurs is geselekteer vir die tydperk 2000 tot 2005. Die terugkooptransaksies van aandele deur die betrokke maatskappy, filiaal en trust is opgesom vir die tydperk 2000 tot 2005. Hierdie empiriese ondersoek het die finansiële sektor, asook die alternatiewe beurs van die Johannesburgse Aandelebeurs, wat fokus op goeie kwaliteit klein en mediumgrootte maatskappye met groot groeipotensiaal, tydens die steekproefseleksie uitgesluit. Die resultate van hierdie empiriese ondersoek is die identifisering en opsomming van die terugkooptransaksies van aandele vir die steekproef in Tabelle 4.1 en 4.2; ’n opsomming in Tabel 4.3 van die getal aandele teruggekoop; en ’n opsomming in Tabel 4.4 van die getal aandele teruggekoop, uitgedruk as ’n persentasie van die gemiddelde getal uitgereikte aandele.
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da, Costa Joel. "Online Non-linear Prediction of Financial Time Series Patterns." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32221.
Full textAbstract:
We consider a mechanistic non-linear machine learning approach to learning signals in financial time series data. A modularised and decoupled algorithm framework is established and is proven on daily sampled closing time-series data for JSE equity markets. The input patterns are based on input data vectors of data windows preprocessed into a sequence of daily, weekly and monthly or quarterly sampled feature measurement changes (log feature fluctuations). The data processing is split into a batch processed step where features are learnt using a Stacked AutoEncoder (SAE) via unsupervised learning, and then both batch and online supervised learning are carried out on Feedforward Neural Networks (FNNs) using these features. The FNN output is a point prediction of measured time-series feature fluctuations (log differenced data) in the future (ex-post). Weight initializations for these networks are implemented with restricted Boltzmann machine pretraining, and variance based initializations. The validity of the FNN backtest results are shown under a rigorous assessment of backtest overfitting using both Combinatorially Symmetrical Cross Validation and Probabilistic and Deflated Sharpe Ratios. Results are further used to develop a view on the phenomenology of financial markets and the value of complex historical data under unstable dynamics.
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Liu, Xiaohui. "Web-Based Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Spatial Trade-Offs between Enivironmental and Economic Implications from Hydraulic Fracturing in a Shale Gas Region in Ohio." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1402969071.
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Acar, Esra. "Efficient index structures for video databases." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609322/index.pdf.
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Content-based retrieval of multimedia data has been still an active research area. The efficient retrieval of video data is proven a difficult task for content-based video retrieval systems. In this thesis study, a Content-Based Video Retrieval (CBVR) system that adapts two different index structures, namely Slim-Tree and BitMatrix, for efficiently retrieving videos based on low-level features such as color, texture, shape and motion is presented. The system represents low-level features of video data with MPEG-7 Descriptors extracted from video shots by using MPEG-7 reference software and stored in a native XML database. The low-level descriptors used in the study are Color Layout (CL), Dominant Color (DC), Edge Histogram (EH), Region Shape (RS) and Motion Activity (MA). Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator in Slim-Tree and BitMatrix aggregates these features to find final similarity between any two objects. The system supports three different types of queries: exact match queries, k-NN queries and range queries. The experiments included in this study are in terms of index construction, index update, query response time and retrieval efficiency using ANMRR performance metric and precision/recall scores. The experimental results show that using BitMatrix along with Ordered Weighted Averaging method is superior in content-based video retrieval systems.
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Havránek, Dalibor. "Fundamentální analýza vybraných akcií na českém kapitálovém trhu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222013.
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The subject of this dissertation is to do a fundamental analysis based on chosen shares on the czech capital market. The chosen corporations are Telefonica O2 Czech Republic, a.s. and ČEZ, a.s. In this dissertation I have set the share value, the prediction of the progression of dividends and the amount of ratio index. Further I have made a recommendation for future investors and the timing of their commerce.
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Sousa, Júnior Gabriel Faria de. "Active versus passive management : the case of BOVESPA." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11647.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em FinançasO principal objetivo deste trabalho é analisar alguns modelos subjacente à gestão de carteiras ativa e passiva e qual seria seu impacto sobre a escolha de uma determinada carteira constituída por ações que estão integrados no índice BOVESPA, maior mercado bolsista do Brasil. A gestão passiva é baseada numa carteira que visa replicar o comportamento do Índice BOVESPA, tendo como base os preços históricos do índice e no método naïve (1/N), no qual composição da carteira inclui todos os ativos do índice com as mesmas proporções. A gestão ativa baseia-se no método de Markowitz, conhecido como modelo de média variância, que visa maximizar o retorno tendo definido um determinado nível de risco, ou minimizar o risco tendo em conta um nível de retorno esperado. Também é usado o método da variância mínima que consiste em minimizar o risco independentemente do retorno. Nesta abordagem as proporções a investir em cada ativo são revistas mensalmente tendo em conta a evolução do mercado. Outro modelo utilizado será um método ajustado da média variância em que serão mantidos os pesos ótimos do primeiro período para as restantes janelas de dados. Para as determinar são consideradas "janelas" de dados de 1 e 2 anos. É considerado um horizonte de investimento de 10 anos, a partir de Janeiro de 2005 a Dezembro de 2014. Com base nos resultados é possível afirmar que a carteira de média variância deve ser a escolhida, uma vez que apresenta os melhores resultados.
The main purpose of this paper is to analyze some models underlying the active and passive portfolio management and what would be its impact on the choice of a portfolio composed by stocks which are integrated in BOVESPA Index, Brazilian biggest stock market. The passive management approach is based on the historical prices of BOVESPA Index which replicates the behavior of the market and on the naïve method (1/N), in which the portfolio includes all the stocks on the index with the same proportions. Active management is based on the Markowitz model, also known as mean variance model, whose objective is to maximize the return give a set risk level or, minimize the risk given an expected return. The minimum variance model is also used, whose goal is to minimize the risk independent of the return. On these approach the weights of each asset in the portfolio are revised monthly, based on the market evolution. Another model used is a Mean Variance adjusted method in which the first period optimal weights will be maintained for the remaining data windows. In order for these to be determined, "windows" of 1 and 2 years were used. We are considering a 10 year investment horizon, from January 2005 to December 2014. Based on the results, we can affirm that the mean variance portfolio should be chosen, as performed better both in terms of returns and, especially, in terms of Sharpe ratio when compared with the other two portfolios.
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Pontabry, Julien. "Construction d'atlas en IRM de diffusion : application à l'étude de la maturation cérébrale." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAD039/document.
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L’IRM de diffusion (IRMd) est une modalité d’imagerie médicale in vivo qui suscite un intérêt croissant dans la communauté de neuro-imagerie. L’information sur l’intra-structure des tissus cérébraux est apportée en complément des informations de structure issues de l’IRM structurelle (IRMs). Ces modalités d’imagerie ouvrent ainsi une nouvelle voie pour l’analyse de population et notamment pour l’étude de la maturation cérébrale humaine normale in utero. La modélisation et la caractérisation des changements rapides intervenant au cours de la maturation cérébrale est un défi actuel. Dans ce but, ce mémoire de thèse présente une chaîne de traitement complète de la modélisation spatio-temporelle de la population à l’analyse des changements de forme au cours du temps. Les contributions se répartissent sur trois points. Tout d’abord, l’utilisation de filtre à particules étendus aux modèles d’ordre supérieurs pour la tractographie a permis d’extraire des descripteurs plus pertinents chez le foetus, utilisés ensuite pour estimer les transformations géométriques entre images. Ensuite, l’emploi d’une technique de régression non-paramétrique a permis de modéliser l’évolution temporelle moyenne du cerveau foetal sans imposer d’à priori. Enfin, les changements de forme sont mis en évidence au moyen de méthodes d’extraction et de sélection de caractéristiquesDiffusion weighted MRI (dMRI) is an in vivo imaging modality which raises a great interest in the neuro-imaging community. The intra-structural information of cerebral tissues is provided in addition to the morphological information from structural MRI (sMRI). These imaging modalities bring a new path for population studies, especially for the study in utero of the normal humanbrain maturation. The modeling and the characterization of rapid changes in the brain maturation is an actual challenge. For these purposes, this thesis memoir present a complete processing pipeline from the spatio-temporal modeling of the population to the changes analyze against the time. The contributions are about three points. First, the use of high order diffusion models within a particle filtering framework allows to extract more relevant descriptors of the fetal brain, which are then used for image registration. Then, a non-parametric regression technique was used to model the temporal mean evolution of the fetal brain without enforce a prior knowledge. Finally, the shape changes are highlighted using features extraction and selection methods
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Geller, Josephine Amanda Caroline. "Body shape and weight as determinants of women’s self-esteem." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4831.
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Shape- and weight-based self esteem was proposed to be a central cognitive component of the
eating disorders. In this thesis, the psychometric properties of the Shape- and Weight-Based Selfesteem
(SAWBS) Inventory, a newly-developed measure of the influence of shape and weight on
feelings of self-worth, were determined. A preliminary examination of possible developmental
precursors of shape- and weight-based self-esteem was also performed. SAWBS scores were
stable over 1 week, and correlated with women's negative perceptions about their bodies in eating
disorder and undergraduate control groups (EDG and UCG, respectively). In the UCG, SAWBS
scores correlated with one of two measures of shape and weight cognitive schemata. The validity
of shape- and weight-based self-esteem as a central feature of eating disorder symptomatology
was supported in a number of ways. SAWBS scores correlated positively with eating disorder
symptom scores in the UCG, and were significantly higher in women identified as "possible or
probable" eating disorder cases than in women not suspected of having an eating disorder.
SAWBS scores were also higher in the EDG than in the UCG or a psychiatric control group
(PCG), even after controlling for age, socioeconomic status, Body Mass Index (BMT), selfesteem,
and depression. Interestingly, a differing relationship between depression and SAWBS
emerged as a function of group. Follow-up investigations revealed that SAWBS scores differed
significantly between depressed, but not nondepressed women from the three groups. With
regard to discriminant validity, SAWBS scores were uncorrelated with BMI and socioeconomic
status in UCG and EDG women, and were uncorrelated with the tendency to respond in a socially
sanctionned manner in UCG women. Although the tendency to respond in a socially sanctionned
manner was related to SAWBS scores in EDG women, SAWBS scores remained higher in EDG
than in UCG women after the effect of social desirability was controlled. The proposed
developmental precursor variables of SAWBS included endorsement of stereotyped beliefs about
thinness, perceived SAWBS in friends, siblings, and parents, and perceived importance placed by
parents and romantic partner on the woman's own shape and weight. In both EDG and UCG
women, endorsement of societal beliefs about shape and weight, and perceived importance placed on their own shape and weight by mother and father were significantly related to SAWBS scores.
In sum, the SAWBS Inventory showed early promise as a reliable and valid measure of shape- and
weight-based self-esteem, and may be a useful tool in the assessment of eating disorders.
Theoretical and clinical implications with regard to the role of SAWBS in the development and
treatment of eating disorders are discussed.
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Morrison, Kristen Rahbar. "Women's Eating, Weight, and Shape Concerns and the Couple Relationship during the Transition to Parenthood." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-08-7079.
Full textAbstract:
The transition to parenthood brings a host of changes to new parents; two key
areas of change are decreases in relationship functioning and a worsening of women's
eating, weight, and shape (EWS) concerns. Past research has suggested that a
connection may exist between women's EWS concerns and relationship functioning
during this transition. This study explored the impact of women's EWS concerns on
both partners' relationship functioning in a sample of 74 couples (148 individuals)
having their first baby. The study was part of a larger project exploring interventions
during the transition to parenthood; thus, all couples had at least one risk factor for
future relationship problems. Participants completed questionnaires approximately
seven months into pregnancy and at one and three months postpartum.
Results revealed that relationship functioning and women's EWS concerns
worsened from pregnancy to three months postpartum, which is consistent with previous
literature. Changes in women's EWS concerns from before and during pregnancy to
three months postpartum were not generally related to changes in either partner's
relationship functioning during the same period. However, the EWS concerns that predicted poorer relationship outcomes, including women's drive for thinness and
bulimia symptoms, suggest the possible role of third factors such as negative affect or
neuroticism. Also, increases in women's Body Mass Index from pre-pregnancy to three
months postpartum predicted increases in relationship functioning, indicating the
possibility of a larger construct such as general acceptance of the post-birth process, both
in terms of weight changes and relationship changes. Thus, preventive efforts could
include an emphasis on helping partners to accept the changes they will experience
during this transition. Finally, the significant relations between women's EWS concerns
and relationship functioning were often mediated by men's reported frequency of sexual
activity, suggesting the importance of sex as a mediator. Although findings were
limited, the results should be interpreted in light of previous research and the current
study's limitations. Overall, this study indicates the need for future research exploring
the relations between women's EWS concerns and the couple relationship during the
transition to parenthood.
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Firmansyah, Rifdan, and 範銳撫. "Development of Computer Vision System to Determine Maturity, Weight, and Shape of Tai-Farm No. 2 Papaya (Carica papaya L.)." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66767415043872566606.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
熱帶農業暨國際合作系
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Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is commonly graded by the maturity, weight and shape. Computer vision system has proven to be successful for objective measurement of various fruit crops. There were 60 papayas from one cultivar and 1,680 data points collected to be analyzed from visually classified fruits at harvest in seven ripening stages according to the Taiwan’s standard. The image processing has been used to determine color and extract shape features and assess the quality of papaya. MATLAB programming was used to extract the color and shape features by expressing colors in CIE L*a*b* color space, which are mathematically combined to calculate color index and extracting shape descriptors to determine weight and shape. The relationship between color index and total soluble solid (TSS) were determined. Determination of weight was estimated by spatial geometry analysis of ellipsoid volume estimation. The results showed that color index and TSS had a strong relationship with R2 of 0.97 within sigmoid function regression, while the weight estimation was highly determined with R2 of 0.971 (linier regression) and determination of papaya shape determined by shape index and elongation.
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Lopes, Jessica Filipa Batista. "Weight and body shape dissatisfaction and eating psychopathology: the buffering effect of self-compassion in women with secure and insecure attachment styles." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/31159.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica (Intervenções Cognitivo-Comportamentais nas Perturbações Psicológicas e Saúde) apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra.Attachment style has been linked in literature to eating psychopathology and to self-compassion and research has proposed self-compassion as a possible protective factor against eating psychopathology. The present study explores the association between attachment style, self-compassion and eating psychopathology severity and examines the moderator effect of self-compassion, in both securely and insecurely attached women, on the relationship between weight and body dissatisfaction and eating psychopathology. Participants in this study were women who were assessed using self-report instruments measuring attachment style, weight and body shape dissatisfaction and eating psychopathology (EDE-Q). Self-compassion was negatively correlated to weight and body shape dissatisfaction and eating psychopathology in both groups, and had a moderator effect on the relationship between weight and body shape dissatisfaction and eating psychopathology severity in the insecure attachment group. This is the first study to explore the differential buffering effect of self-compassion against the impact of weight and body shape dissatisfaction on eating psychopathology severity, when considering attachment style, with pertinent research and clinical implications.
O estilo de vinculação tem sido relacionado na literatura à psicopatologia alimentar e à autocompaixão e a investigação sugere a autocompaixão como um possível fator protetor contra a psicopatologia alimentar. O estudo presente explora a associação entre estilo de vinculação, autocompaixão e a severidade da psicopatologia alimentar e examina o efeito moderador da autocompaixão, em ambas mulheres com vinculação segura e insegura, na relação entre a insatisfação com o peso e forma corporal e a psicopatologia alimentar. Os participantes neste estudo foram mulheres que foram avaliadas usando instrumentos de autorresposta que medem o estilo de vinculação, a insatisfação com o peso e forma e a psicopatologia alimentar (EDE-Q). A autocompaixão correlacionou-se negativamente com a insatisfação com o peso e forma corpora, assim como com a psicopatologia alimentar em ambos os grupos, e teve um efeito moderador na relação entre a insatisfação com o peso e com a forma e a severidade da psicopatologia alimentar no grupo de vinculação insegura. Este foi o primeiro estudo a explorar o efeito de buffering da autocompaixão contra o impacte da insatisfação com o peso e forma na severidade da psicopatologia alimentar, quando considerando o estilo de vinculação, com implicações pertinentes para a investigação e para a prática clínica.