Journal articles: 'Weeds'

1

James, T. K., A. Rahman, and J. Mellsop. "Weed competition in maize crop under different timings for postemergence weed control." New Zealand Plant Protection 53 (August 1, 2000): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2000.53.3706.

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The effect of early weed competition was determined for a maize (Zea mays) crop grown in Waikato Maize was established in three different environments viz weedy (no herbicide) grass weeds (preemergence atrazine) and broadleaf weeds (preemergence metolachlor) Surviving weeds were controlled with postemergence nicosulfuron (60 g/ha) after different periods of competition and the plots kept weed free for the remainder of the trial Weeds left completely uncontrolled for 4 weeks after emergence significantly reduced crop yields When a preemergence herbicide was used surviving weeds began to reduce maize yields after about 6 weeks with grasses having greater effect than broadleaf weeds The actual period before the weeds started affecting crop growth and yield appeared to be related to the time taken by the weeds to achieve complete ground cover

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2

Place, G. T., S. C. Reberg-Horton, D. L. Jordan, T. G. Isleib, and G. G. Wilkerson. "Influence of Virginia Market Type Genotype on Peanut Response to Weed Interference." Peanut Science 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps10-12.1.

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Abstract Differences in the ability of cultivars to compete with weeds are not well-defined for peanut. Research was conducted in 2007 and 2008 to compare the growth and competitiveness of the virginia market type cultivars NC 10C, NC-V 11, NC 12C, Phillips, VA 98R, and breeding lines N99027L, N01013T, and N02020J under weedy and weed-free conditions. Weed-free peanut was established by applying preemergence and postemergence herbicides throughout the growing season supplemented by weekly hand removal of weeds. Clethodim was applied to weedy peanut to eliminate annual grass interference but not interference from broadleaf weeds and sedges. Weed-free peanut biomass, weedy peanut biomass, and weed biomass were not affected by genotype 10 weeks after peanut emergence. Although substantial yield loss was noted in presence of weeds, the percent yield loss did not vary by genotype when comparing weedy and weed-free yield. These data suggest that cultivar selection within virginia market type peanut will have limited utility in a comprehensive weed management strategy.

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Takim, F. "Weed competition in maize (Zea mays L.) as a function of the timing of hand-hoeing weed control in the southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.60.2012.3.8.

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Field studies were conducted in 2010 and 2011 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria (9°29′ N, 4°35′ E) to evaluate the effect of early weed competition on the growth and yield of maize. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement and three replications. The main plots consisted of three weed control treatments included weedy (no herbicide), grass weeds (pre-emergence atrazine) and broadleaf weeds (pre-emergence metolachlor), while the sub-plots consisted of six durations of weed infestation (3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks after emergence). The pre-emergence herbicides had a greater effect on weed density and weed dry weight. Weed seedling emergence and weed dry weight increased significantly with an increase in the duration of weed interference. The grasses and broadleaf weeds had a similar influence on the growth and grain yield of maize. Three to five weeks of weed interference gave similar grain yields, which were significantly higher than those obtained in plots that had 6-8 weeks of weed interference. These results suggest that the maize crop must be kept free of weeds for 6-8 weeks after the application of pre-emergence herbicide to minimize weed-crop competition and harvest a good grain yield.

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4

Njoroge, J. M. "Weeds and Weed Control in Coffee." Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 4 (October 1994): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700024662.

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SUMMARYThe effects of weeds on coffee productivity and the methods used for their control are discussed. The more common weeds are listed, together with the control methods that can be used at various phases of coffee production.Malezas y control de las mismas en el café

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5

Hamada, Azhari Abdelazim. "Weeds and Weed Management in Sudan." Journal of Weed Science and Technology 45, no. 2 (2000): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3719/weed.45.131.

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6

Mubeen, Khuram, Muhammad Shehzad, Naeem Sarwar, Haseeb ur Rehman, Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir, Allah Wasaya, Matlob Ahmad, et al. "The impact of horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) infestation on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] productivity in northern irrigated plains of Pakistan." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): e0257083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257083.

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Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacstrum L.) is an important weed of soybean crop capable of causing significant yield reduction. Therefore, this study assessed the impact of horse purslane and other weeds’ infestation on the productivity of soybean. Ten treatments, i.e., weed-free throughout the growing season, horse purslane-free till 20, 40 and 60 days after emergence (DAE), all weeds-free till 20, 40 and 60 DAE, weedy-check (excluding horse purslane), weedy-check (horse purslane alone) and weedy-check (all weeds) were included in the study. Data relating to density and dry weight of recorded weed species, and yield and related traits of soybean were recorded. Overall, infestation percentage of horse purslane was 33.10 and 51%, whereas dry weight was 12 and 44 g m-2 during 1st and 2nd year, respectively. The highest dry weight of all weed species was recorded at 45 DAE in weedy-check all weeds treatment during both years. The lowest relative density and frequency of horse purslane were recorded in the treatment where it was controlled until 20 DAE during 2018 at 30 DAE, whereas the same treatment recoded the lowest density of horse purslane at 45 DAE during 2019. The relative frequency of horse purslane was non-significant for weedy-check horse purslane and weedy-check all weeds treatments during 2018, whereas former treatment had higher relative frequency of horse purslane in weedy-check all weeds than the later during 2019. Yield and related traits significantly differed among different treatments used in the study. The treatment all weeds controlled until 40 DAE recorded higher number of pods per plant, 1000-seed weight and seed yield during both years. The yield reduction in weedy-check treatments was; weedy-check all weeds > weedy-check all weeds except horse purslane > weedy-check horse purslane only. It is concluded that horse purslane was not the sole weed interfering soybean fields and weed flora consisted of false amaranth [Digera muricata (L.) Mart.] and purple nut sedge (Cyperus rotundus L.). Hence, if the soybean fields in northern irrigated plains of Pakistan are infested with horse purslane or heavily infested with horse purslane or other weeds, these should be controlled in initial 40 DAE to improve soybean productivity.

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7

A.Y, Mamudu,, and Adeyemi, M. "CRITICAL PERIOD OF WEED INTERFERENCE ON SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX (L) MERRILL)." Reviews In Food and Agriculture 3, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/rfna.02.2022.76.79.

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Weeds are one of the important factors affecting agriculture production, weeds and inadequate weed control and management pose a detrimental factor affecting crop production. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Federal University Technology, Minna, Nigeria, to determine the effectiveness of different weeding regime and critical period of weed interference in the growth and yield of soyabean. The treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. There are ten treatments consisting of weed infested and weed-free as follows T1= soybean + weeding for 2 weeks, T2= soybean + weeding for 4 weeks, T3= soybean + weeding for 6 weeks, T4= soybean + weeding for 8 weeks, T5= soybean + weedy for 2 weeks, T6= soybean + weedy for 4 weeks ,T7= soybean + weedy for 6 weeks, T8= soybean + weedy for 8 weeks, T9= soybean + weed-free plot till end and T10= soybean + no weeding till end. Data were collected on weed cover score, weed dry weight, plant height, pod weight and grain yield. The Data were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS, software version 9, 2002. The results showed that soyabean with weed-free plot for 4, 6 8 and weed-free throughout significantly P<0.05 suppressed weed and increases yield by 70 % compared to other treatments The use of early maturing variety of soybean in addition to weed-free plot throughout the growth stage and weed-free for 8 weeks could be recommended in controlling weed interference in soybean for better soybean growth and yield.

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8

Jursík, M., J. Holec, J. Soukup, and V. Venclová. "Competitive relationships between sugar beet and weeds in dependence on time of weed control." Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 3 (March 19, 2008): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2687-pse.

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Small plot trials were carried out in years 2001–2003 with sugar beet. In the treatment without weed control, dry weight of sugar beet top and LAI of sugar beet were very low (approx. 50 g/m2 and 0.5 m2/m2, respectively). Yield loss of sugar beet was 80–93%. Dominant weeds were Chenopodium album, Fumaria officinalis and Galium aparine. In the treatments where weeds were removed (by hand) until 4 leaf stage of sugar beet, dry weight of sugar beet top and LAI of sugar beet at first increased normally, but were markedly decreased from the half of the vegetation period. Yield loss of sugar beet was 54–28%. Dominant weed in this treatment was Amaranthus retroflexus. The development of sugar beet top dry weight and LAI of sugar beet was practically identical in the treatments where weeds were removed until 8–10 leaf stage of the crop and in those where weeds were removed during the whole vegetation period (500–900 g/m2, or 4–7 m2/m2, respectively). No yield loss of sugar beet was recorded. Dry weight of weeds did not exceed 30 g/m2 and LAI 0.1 m2/m2. A. retroflexus and Mercurialis annua were the most frequent weeds in this treatment.

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9

Moyo, C., K. C. Harrington, P. D. Kemp, and J. P. J. Eerens. "Herbicide deposition on weeds from weed wipers." New Zealand Plant Protection 61 (August 1, 2008): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6873.

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Weed wipers available in New Zealand vary in their mechanisms for delivering herbicide The objective of this experiment was to measure clopyralid output from three weed wipers using a standardised methodology The herbicide output for the Eliminator Rotowiper and Weedswiper was investigated at different speeds of application The herbicide was applied to artificial weeds covered in plastic sleeves folded at the base to collect drips while the three wipers were driven over the artificial weeds The sleeves were then removed and washed with water The resultant solution was then analysed for clopyralid using a spectrophotometer and a predetermined calibration equation The experiment showed there was no relationship between the speed at which wipers were pulled and their herbicide output The Eliminator and Rotowiper had on average twice the output of the Weedswiper although their output was more variable than that of the Weedswiper Because of the variability in output in some wipers the concentration rates to be used in each wiper need to be high enough to compensate for occasional low quantities being wiped on weeds

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10

Tei, F., P. Montemurro, D. T. Baumann, A. Dobrzanski, R. Giovinazzo, Y. Kleifeld, F. Rocha, et al. "WEEDS AND WEED MANAGEMENT IN PROCESSING TOMATO." Acta Horticulturae, no. 613 (September 2003): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.613.13.

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11

Hamada, Azhari Abdelazim. "Weeds and Weed Control Methods in Sudan." Journal of Weed Science and Technology 45, Supplement (2000): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3719/weed.45.supplement_12.

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12

Goodison, Lorna. "Weeds." Callaloo 30, no. 1 (2007): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2007.0131.

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13

Judd, Ellen. "Weeds?" Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 18, no. 1 (March 1986): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14672715.1986.10412592.

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14

Himel, Nancy. "Weeds." Prairie Schooner 81, no. 1 (2007): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2007.0066.

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15

Valdiserri, Ronald O. "Weeds." Emerging Infectious Diseases 12, no. 6 (June 2006): 1031–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1206.ad1206.

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16

McDonald, Philip M., and John C. Tappeiner II. "Weeds." Journal of Forestry 84, no. 10 (October 1, 1986): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/84.10.33.

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17

Habib, Rehan, Khuram Mubeen, Ammar Matloob, and Muhammad Baqir Hussain. "INTERFERENCE OF HORSE PURSLANE (Trianthema portulacastrum L.)ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN[Glycine max (L.) Merr.]." JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 27, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v26i1.830.

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Horse purslane is one of the most spreading and problematic weed in Pakistan’s Punjab region during summer. A field experiment to check the interference of horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) on growth and yield of soybean was conducted at research area of MNSUniversity of Agriculture Multan in summer, 2018 The experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having three replications and comprising of ten treatments i.e. Weed free (whole season), horse purslane free till 20 Days after emergence (DAE), horse purslane free till 40 DAE, horse purslane free till 60 DAE, all weeds free 20 DAE, all weeds free 40 DAE, all weeds free 60 DAE, Weedy check (except horse purslane), weedy check (only horse purslane), weedy check (all weeds). According to standard procedure data of growth and yield parameters of soybean and weeds were taken.Data was statistically analyzed by using Fisher’s analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. Comparison of employed treatment means were done with honest significant difference (HSD), Tukey’s test at 0.05 probability. The maximum biological yield was achieved in plots kept weed free over crop growth cycle 6536.0 kg ha-1 and statistically minimum yield achieved inweeds free (whole season(5145.4 kg ha-1). While T7all weeds free till 60 DAE and T4horse purslane free till 60 DAE treatments attained 6345.8 kg ha-1 and 6251.8 kg ha-1, respectively.T9 (weedy check only horse purslane) horse purslane sole caused 10.81 percent more yield reduction as compared to T10 (weedy check all weeds). Based upon the study, it is suggested that horse purslane should be controlled in soybean fields till 45 DAE to get benefits as the control single weed is economical as compare to all weeds.

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18

LEMIEUX, C., A. K. WATSON, and J. M. DESCHÊNES. "WEED POPULATION DYNAMICS IN RECENTLY ESTABLISHED TIMOTHY STANDS: GROWTH AND PHYSIOGNOMY OF THE WEED COMPONENTS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 1035–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-139.

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In two experiments conducted in the field between 1983 and 1985, timothy was established with or without barley, red clover, grassy weeds and broadleaf weeds. The plots were sampled during establishment and production years. At each sampling, the botanical composition was evaluated to characterize the weed populations. Throughout establishment, the weed populations were dominated by annual broadleaf and grassy weeds which, when growing separately, produced comparable amounts of biomass. However, when growing together, the grassy weeds were clearly dominated by the broadleaf weeds. During the subsequent production years, the weedy populations were dominated by perennial broadleaf weeds. Neither the structure of the weed populations, nor the short-term dynamics of the grassy weed populations were affected by the management system used. However, the short-term dynamics of the broadleaf weed populations were influenced by barley, red clover and the weed control treatments applied during the year of establishment. The use of barley accelerated the growth of the broadleaf weed populations while red clover delayed it. Subsequent broadleaf weed populations were noticeably larger in the plots where they were allowed to grow during the establishment year.Key words: Broadleaf weeds, grassy weeds, Phleum pratense, competition, short-term dynamics

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19

Vypritskaya, A. A., and A. A. Kuznetsov. "Weeds - weeds possible pathogens of sunflower." Agrarian science 327, no. 2 (2019): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2019-326-2-79-82.

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20

James, T. K., A. Rahman, and M. Trolove. "Optimal timing for post emergence applications of nicosulfuron for weed control in maize." New Zealand Plant Protection 59 (August 1, 2006): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2006.59.4407.

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Field trials were conducted over three growing seasons to ascertain optimal timing for post emergence application of nicosulfuron in maize when no preemergence herbicides were used Nicosulfuron (60 g/ha) was applied at 1 to 7 weeks after maize emergence Dry matter and leaf area of maize plants grass and broadleaf weeds were determined at the time of treatment Maize grain yields were used as the major determinant to assess the impact of different timings of postemergence weed control The early season (weeks 13) weed control achieved with nicosulfuron was excellent but subsequent germination of weeds occurred In weeks 47 the larger weeds took longer to brown off and die back Results showed that both the biomass and ground cover of weeds were important in determining the duration of the optimal application window When weeds remained uncontrolled and achieved 100 ground cover grain yields were significantly reduced This occurred at weeks 3 5 and 6 after emergence in the three trials

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21

Kleiman, Blaire, and Suzanne Koptur. "Weeds Enhance Insect Diversity and Abundance and May Improve Soil Conditions in Mango Cultivation of South Florida." Insects 14, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14010065.

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This study examined if weeds could serve as insectary plants to increase beneficial insect abundance and diversity in mango cultivation in southern Florida. Additionally, we examined how weed presence affects mango tree soil health. We found that weeds significantly increased pollinating and parasitoid insect abundance and diversity. Eight insect orders and eighteen families were significantly more abundant on mango trees with weeds growing beneath them than those where weeds were removed. There was no difference in predatory insects between treatments, and slightly more herbivorous insects on weedy mango trees. Pollinating insects visiting mango flowers in the weed treatment were significantly greater, as well as spiders on weedy mango trees. However, there were more lacewings (Neuroptera) observed on the mango trees without weeds, and leaf chlorophyll in the old and new mango leaves was significantly greater, in the weed-free treatment. Soil conditions, however, significantly improved in soil carbon and a greater pH reduction in the presence of weeds, though weeds affected neither soil nitrogen, phosphorous, nor chlorophyll in productive green leaves. These results show that a tolerable level of selective weed species’ presence may benefit insect, plant, and soil biodiversity in farms. This is important in increasing production, sustainability, and biodiversity in agriculture, which otherwise may be deficient in non-crop life.

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22

OPADOKUN, Wasiu Olanrewaju, and Kehinde Stephen OLORUNMAIYE. "Effects of Weed Density and Distance on the Growth and Yield of Two Okra (Abelmoscus esculentus) Varieties." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb11310448.

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A field experiment was conducted at the botanical garden of the University of Ilorin to determine the effects of weed density and distance on the growth and yield of two varieties of okra (NHAe-40 days and Kirikoi). The experiment was a complete randomized block design with eleven treatments and three replicates. The treatment details include T0 = No weed, T1 = One weed per plant T2= Two weeds per plant, T3 = Three weeds per plant, T4 = Four weeds per plant, T5 = Five weeds per plant, T6 = Six weeds per plant, T7 = Seven weeds per plant, T8 = Eight weeds per plant, T9 = Nine weeds per plant and T10 = Ten weeds per plant. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, shoot Fresh and dry weight as well as yield parameters was carried out at the end of the experiment. The result depicts a significant decrease in the vegetative growth and yield parameters with increasing weed density in both varieties. Irrespective of the weed distance, all yield parameters decreased significantly with increasing number of co-habiting weeds except for plant co-habited with one weed at 20 cm and 30 cm weed distance which was significantly the same with the control in both varieties. The result is an indication that absence of weed or early control of weed should be done at the early weeks of growth before the onset of flowering if maximum production is expected.

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23

Shahabuddin, M., MM Hossain, M. Salim, and M. Begum. "Efficacy of pretilachlor and oxadiazon on weed control and yield performance of transplant Aman rice." Progressive Agriculture 27, no. 2 (August 17, 2016): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v27i2.29320.

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Two experimentswere carried out at the Agronomy Field laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July to December 2014 to study the effectiveness of pretilachlor and oxadiazon on weed control and yield performance oftransplant aman rice. In experiment I BRRI dhan31and in experiment II BRRI dhan46 was transplanted with eight weeding practices viz., weedy check; one hand weeding; two hand weeding; weed free;Pretilachlor only;Oxadiazon only;Pretilachlor + one hand weeding; and Oxadiazon+ one hand weeding. The design was split-plot with three replications. Eleven weed species were found to be infested in the experimental plots. Although weeds were completely controlled in weed free treatment, it is not practicable.Pretilachlor oroxadiazon with one hand weeding performed the best in terms of weed density and weed biomass over single application of each and even manual weeding. Weeds were completely resistant to weedy check, poorly susceptible to one hand weeding, moderately susceptible to two hand weeding and single application of both herbicide and highly susceptible to both herbicides with one hand weeding while weeds were completely susceptible to weed free treatment. Herbicides produced slight phyto-toxicity which was recovered by two weeks of application. The highest grain yield was recorded from weed free treatment and was statistically identical to pretilachlor oroxadiazon with one hand weeding. Single application of pretilachlor oroxadiazon ranked the third in terms of yield and statistically similar to two hand weeding followed by one hand weeding. Weedy check performed the worst.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 119-127, 2016

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24

Nizam Zubir, Mohd, and Nurul Shamimi Abdul Ghani. "MANAGEMENT OF WEEDS ON PINEAPPLE FARM USING SELECTIVE HERBICIDE ON PEAT SOIL." International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research 09, no. 06 (2023): 1021–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51193/ijaer.2023.9603.

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Weeds pose problem to the production of pineapple by competing for nutrients, space, light and water. Pineapple production without good weed management could reduce yield and could cause insects infestation such as mealybugs that could spread serious disease for instance pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus. Weed management using selective herbicide kills the weed without affecting pineapple plant growth and fruit quality. Four different selective herbicides were chosen with active ingredients of Atrazine, Ametryn, Bromacil and Diuron. Three frequencies of application were chosen which are 8, 10 or 12 weeks. The results of plant growth rate showed no significant different between treatment except on unweeded plot. Bromacil showed the best control on weed followed by Ametryn, Diuron and Atrazine over period of time. Eight weeks frequency of application did not differ to 10 weeks but both frequencies provide better weeds management over 12 weeks frequency of application. Major weeds species recorded were Melastoma malabathricum, Asystasia gangetica and Fimbristylis pauciflora. The used of selective herbicide is suitable in controlling weeds on pineapple plantation on peat soil without affecting plant growth rate.

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Damalas, Christos A., and Spyridon D. Koutroubas. "Weed Competition Effects on Growth and Yield of Spring-Sown White Lupine." Horticulturae 8, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8050430.

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White lupine (Lupinus albus L.) is an annual legume that is grown for both seeds and green biomass, but several agronomic aspects of this crop, including response to weed competition, have not been studied extensively. Field experiments over two growing seasons (2012 and 2016) were carried out in Orestiada, Greece, to study the growth and development of spring-sown white lupine under season-long weed competition from natural weed flora compared with its growth without weed competition. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications and included (i) a non-treated (weedy) control, where weeds (Chenopodium album and Sorghum halepense) remained in the plots throughout the experiments and (ii) a weed-free control, where weeds were removed upon crop emergence and the plots were kept free of weeds throughout the experiments by hand removal. The presence of Chenopodium album and Sorghum halepense reduced the aboveground dry matter accumulation of white lupine ‘Multitalia’ at 7 weeks after crop emergence by 18.0% in the first growing season and 29.5% in the second growing season, while the corresponding decrease in the aboveground dry matter accumulation at 9 weeks after crop emergence was 25.3 and 33.4%. However, the reduction in dry matter accumulation was limited to lower levels after flowering (9.9% in the first and 12.8% in the second growing season). In both growing seasons, values of the ability to withstand competition (AWC) index were lower at 7 and 9 weeks from crop emergence than at maturity. Seed yields were 1.58 Mg per ha under weedy conditions and 2.20 Mg per ha under weed free conditions in the first growing season, and 1.59 and 2.32 Mg per ha, respectively, in the second growing season. The values of the relative yield loss (RYL) index for seed yield were 28.2% in the first growing season and 31.5% in the second growing season. Overall, white lupine growth and seed yield was significantly affected by the occurrence of weeds mostly at the early vegetative stages, resulting in the potential yield not being achieved due to weed competition. Future research on weed competition across several sites and years would be useful to define more clearly the critical period of weed control in white lupine.

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Harrington, K. C., and T. Zhang. "Herbicides for controlling weeds in Mercury Bay weed." Proceedings of the New Zealand Plant Protection Conference 50 (August 1, 1997): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.1997.50.11304.

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27

Laude, S. "Competitiveness of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with weeds at various nitrogen doses and weed free periods." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1253, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1253/1/012030.

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Abstract The research objectives were to determine the effect of nitrogen dose and weed-free period on the competitiveness of tomato plants with weeds. The research used 6 x 4 Factorial Randomized Group Design. The first factor was the weed-free period (P) which consisted of six levels, namely weeds during tomato growth (P0), weed-free two weeks after planting (P1), weed-free four weeks after planting. (P2), weed-free six weeks after planting (P3), weed-free eight weeks after planting (P4), and weed free until harvest (P5). The second factor was the dose of nitrogen (N) consisting of 4 levels, namely: without fertilization (N0), fertilizing 50 kg N ha−1 (N1), fertilizing 100 kg N ha−1(N2) and fertilizing 150 kg N ha−1 (N3). The variable of observation was analyzed univariately using the F test and continued with the (Student-Newman-Keul) SNK test with a test level of 0.05. The plants growth rate weeds were analyzed by regression in the form of a curve as a function of time to see the dynamics of weed growth. The amount of competition between weeds and tomatoes were done through the competition index value approach. The results showed that the was a change in the value of competition between tomato plants with weeds at each level of nitrogen dose and weed-free period, this change decreased with increasing nitrogen dose. The highest yield was obtained when weed-free during tomato growth, namely 25.88 tons ha−1 with a fertilizer dose of 100 kg ha−1.

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28

Younis, Muhammad, Nabeel A. Ikram, Shahid Iqbal, Shakeel Ahmed, Abdul Ghaffar, Zuhair Hasnain, Ghulam Abbas, et al. "Weed-competition effects on proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.): implications for the farmers." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 9, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.009.03.3564.

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Climate resilient proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is viable option to mitigate increasing abiotic stresses due to climate change and food security in the long run. An experiment was conducted at research area of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan in 2019 to evaluate the impact of weed competition on growth and yield of proso millet. Proso millet variety Upea was sown in the last week of February 2019 with 20 cm row to row spacing using 5 kg seed per acre. Experiment was comprised of treatments of weeds competition period for viz; zero competition, competition for 2 weeks after emergence (WAE), competition for 3 WAE, competition for 4 WAE, competition for 5 WAE and competition for full season. Result indicated that maximum number of weeds (plants m-2) were noted when weeds competed with proso millet for full period. Increase in total weed-dry weight was recorded when allowed the weeds to compete with crop for whole season. Highest plant height (16.18), 100-grain weight (74.72 t ha-1), crop dry matter and chlorophyll contents (16.62 t ha-1) were noted where, weeds were kept weed free throughout whole season. Highest economic yield of crop was observed where weeds were competed with crop for five weeks after emergence, and it was statistically similar with control. Maximum yield and yield components were recorded from C2 (competition for 2 weeks after emergence) was provided significant results. Likewise, highest grain yield (1890 kg/ha) were recorded under C2. Farmers should remove weeds from proso millet in two to three weeks after emergence. Extension agents should persuade farmers for the post emergence control in first 2-3 weeks of the crop.

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PANDEY, D.K. DWlVEDl, and R.K. PANDEY. "Efficacy of herbicides and fertilizer management on weed dynamics in wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Indian Journal of Agronomy 52, no. 1 (October 10, 2001): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v52i1.4889.

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A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabl) season of 2002-03 and 2003-04 to study the efficacy of herbicides and fertilizer management on weed dynamics of wheat (Tn'ticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). The intensity of weeds as well as total weed count were unaffected by the method and level of fertilizer applica- tion, but side placement of fertilizer significantly reduced the total dry biomass of weeds, NPK depletion by weeds that improved the NPK uptake by the crop and produced 13.5 per cent higher grain yield than broadcast method of fertilizer application. Application of 125 per cent of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) although recorded significantly higher dry biomass of weeds and NPK depletion by weeds than 75 per cent of the RDF, it increased the NPK uptake by crop and grain yield. Weed-control treatments significantly reduced the intensity of broad-leaf weeds, annual and perennial grasses, total weed count, dry biomass of weeds and NPK depletion by weeds, and increased the NPK uptake by the crop. These treatments increased the grain yield by 26.3-35.9 per cent than the weedy check. Among the weed-control treatments, sulfosulfuron proved the most effective herbi- cide against broad-leaf weeds and annual grasses, reducing their intensity as well as that of total weeds than the mixture of 2,4-D + isoproturon and hand-weeding but had no adverse effect on perennial grasses and sedges. However, hand-weeding significantly reduced the intensity of perennial grasses and sedges. Sulfosulfuron also recorded significanty lower total dry biomass of weeds and NPK depletion by weeds than the mixture of 2,4-D + isoproturon and showed the highest weed-control efficiency.

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Mikulka, J., M. Korčáková, V. Burešová, and J. Andr. "Changes in weed species spectrum of perennial weeds on arable land, meadows and pastures." Plant Protection Science 45, Special Issue (January 3, 2010): S63—S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2805-pps.

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Occurrence of selected perennial weeds has been monitored at control sites across the Czech Republic since 1989, and trends of their occurrence have been evaluated. The monitoring has been aimed mainly at Cirsium arvense (L.) SCOP, Sonchus arvensis L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Stachys palustris L., Bolboschoenus planiculmis, Bolboschoenus laticarpus, and Elytrigia repens (L.) NEV. on arable land and Taraxacum officinale L.A. on pastures and meadows. High increase in the frequency of occurrence of C. arvense and E. repens was found out in the mid-nineties while the infestation frequency with these two weeds decreased later on. The occurrence of infestation with the other perennial weeds Cirsium arvense, Elytrigia repens, Sonchus arvensis, Bolboschoenus planiculmis, Bolboschoenus laticarpus, Stachys palustris, Artemisia vulgaris and Taraxacum officinale L.A. slightly but continually increased.

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Sharofiddinova, M. J. "The Effects Of Weed Control Methods On Weeds In Cotton And Autumn Wheat Fields." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 02, no. 12 (December 27, 2020): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume02issue12-03.

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This article provides the results of harmonized weed control measures, which annual and biennial weeds in cotton and autumn wheat fields have been reduced by 80.2-82.7% in cotton fields and by 93.5% in autumn wheat fields.

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Kleiman, Blaire M., Suzanne Koptur, and Krishnaswamy Jayachandran. "Weeds Enhance Pollinator Diversity and Fruit Yield in Mango." Insects 12, no. 12 (December 13, 2021): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12121114.

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Agriculture is dependent on insect pollination, yet in areas of intensive production agriculture, there is often a decline in plant and insect diversity. As native habitats and plants are replaced, often only the weeds or unwanted vegetation persist. This study compared insect diversity on mango, Mangifera indica, a tropical fruit tree dependent on insect pollination, when weeds were present in cultivation versus when they were removed mechanically. The pollinating insects on both weeds and mango trees were examined as well as fruit set and yield in both the weed-free and weedy treatment in South Florida. There were significantly more pollinators and key pollinator families on the weedy mango trees, as well as significantly greater fruit yield in the weedy treatment compared to the weed-free treatment. Utilizing weeds, especially native species, as insectary plants can help ensure sufficient pollination of mango and increase biodiversity across crop monocropping systems.

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Boutin, Céline, Benoît Jobin, Luc Bélanger, and Line Choinière. "Comparing weed composition in natural and planted hedgerows and in herbaceous field margins adjacent to crop fields." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-048.

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Hedgerows and field margins are common features of the agricultural landscape in southern Québec. In the last decade, hedgerow establishment has been encouraged primarily for the prevention of soil erosion, though many farmers view them as reservoirs of invasive weeds and pests. In this study, we compared weed assemblages of several hedgerow types and herbaceous field margins. Ranking that takes into consideration weed abundance was clearly demonstrated: planted hedgerows > herbaceous field margins > natural woody hedgerows. The latter harboured many perennial plant species of less weedy propensity than planted hedgerows, which accommodated a larger number of weedy species. In planted hedgerows close to 50% of plants were weeds, even in their central position, although planted and natural hedgerows sheltered similar weed composition in their central parts. Likewise, most species inventoried in adjacent fields were weeds. Weeds characterising the central position of hedgerows/field margins were often species of wet habitats (Lythrum salicaria L., Equisetum arvense L., Cicuta maculata L.). Management practices of hedgerows and perhaps of crop fields adjacent to hedgerows may be mostly responsible for the abundance of weeds in hedgerows and field margins. Key words: Hedgerow, field margins, weed, management practices, pesticide, fertiliser

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Malviya, Shreya, and Mukesh Kumar Saini. "Effect of Herbicide (Propaquizafop and Imazethapyr) on Weed Flora Associated with Blackgram in Central India." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 10 (August 19, 2023): 675–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102703.

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An experiment was conducted at Product Testing Unit, Department of Agronomy, JNKVV, Jabalpur to study the effect of application of propaquizafop and imazethapyr herbicide on weeds associated with blackgram. The experimental field was having mixed weed flora comprising of grassy as well as broad leaved weeds. Nine treatments comprised of four rates of application of propaquizafop+ imazethapyr at 47+70, 50+75, 53+80 and 56+85 g/ha and alone application of propaquizafop (100 g/ha), imazethapyr (100 g/ha), pendimethalin (1500 g/ha) and hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS including weedy check, were laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. All herbicide treatments were applied in 500 liters of water per hectare, using flat fan nozzle as per the treatments. The dominant weed flora, species wise weed density, weed biomass, Weed control efficiency and weed index were recorded at different interval. The study revealed that the Echinochloa colona (29.39%) and Dinebra retroflexa (24.30%) were the found as dominant weeds in the field whereas, other monocot weeds like Cyperus iria (18.19%) and dicot weeds like Mullugo pentaphylla (12.23%), Eclipta alba (7.58%) and Alternanthera philoxeroides (8.31%) were also present in less numbers in blackgram under weedy check plots. Among the herbicidal treatments, activity of propaquizafop+imazethapyr mixture at the dose 53+80 and 56+85 g/ha emerged as effective control for the weeds associated with blackgram.

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Ayodele, Olatunde Philip. "Interpreting Morphology and Yield Response of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) to Weed Variables Using Regression Analysis." Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52543/tjpp.17.2.3.

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The cohabitation of weeds with crops may not always pose problems. Weeds are plant pests that negatively impact crop yield. However, it is essential to determine when pest status is reached in crops for weed management decisions in crop production. Field experiments were conducted during the rainy seasons of 2017 and 2018 at the research farm of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training Ibadan (7o38' N 3o 84' E), located in the rainforest-savanna transition agroecology of southwestern Nigeria. The experiments consisted of nine weed management practices and a weedy check arranged in Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. Weed density and weight, along with okra's morphological attributes such as the number of leaves, leaf area, plant height and stem girth, were recorded 9 weeks after sowing (WAS). At commercial maturity, unlignified okra pods were harvested from 9-12 WAS. Simple linear correlation and regression analysis between weed parameters and okra traits was performed. The result showed a negative relationship between weed growth and okra yield in both trials. The negative impact of weeds on some morphological traits of okra probably led to the reduction in okra yield. However, plant height and number of nodes did not significantly (P < 0.05) influence okra yield. Weeds attained pest status for okra at a weed density of about 14.17 plants/m2 with weed dry and fresh weights of 10.05 g/m2 and 54.86 g/m2 , respectively. Hence, weed management is necessary for okra production to reduce yield loss.

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Goff, William D., Michael G. Patterson, and Mark S. West. "Orchard Floor Management Practices Influence Elemental Concentrations in Young Pecan Trees." HortScience 26, no. 11 (November 1991): 1379–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.11.1379.

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Nutrient status of young pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] trees grown under eight combinations of orchard floor management and irrigation was determined by leaf and soil analyses. Orchard floor management practices were weedy-unmowed, weedy-mowed, weed control with herbicides, and weed control by disking, with trees either irrigated or nonirrigated. The element most affected by treatment was K. Mean leaf K for the two sample years was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in the weedy plots (0.56% K) than in those where weeds were controlled (0.76% K), suggesting a highly competitive effect of weeds for K with young pecan trees. Weed competition also suppressed leaf Ca and Mg, but presence of weeds or sod resulted in higher soil pH and higher leaf Zn. Leaf concentrations of N, P, B, Cu, and Fe were not significantly affected by the treatments.

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S.P. SINHA, S.M. PRASAD, and S.J. SlNGH. "Nutrient utilization by winter maize (Zea mays) and weeds as influenced by integrated weed management." Indian Journal of Agronomy 50, no. 4 (October 10, 2001): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v50i4.5133.

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An experiment was carried out during the winter seasons of 1998-98 and 1999-2000 at Pusa with 14 weed- management practices to study the nutrient-depletion patterns by winter maize (Zea mays L.) and associated weeds. Amongst the weed-management practices, nutrient depletion by weeds was minimum under hand-weed- ing and maximum (22.97 kg N, 4.87 kg P20, and 27.57 kg K20/ha) in weedy condition, whereas total nutrient up- take by winter maize was maximum (169.41 kg N, 55.67 kg, P20, and 60.77 kg K20/ha) under the treatment alachlor + French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as smother crop followed by hand-weeding (137.70 kg N, 44.15 kg P20, and 106.22 kg, K20/ha). The nutrient uptake by crop in weedy condition was least. Chemical weeding checked nutrient drain by weeds significantly compared with weedy check.

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Batyrov, Vladimir Aleksandrovich, Shamil Bairambekovich Bairambekov, and Olga Georgievna Korneva. "Effectiveness of herbicides against annual weeds (weed vegetation) on tomatoes." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 8 (September 10, 2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i8pp4-8.

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Agrocenoses of cultivated plants are more or less overgrown with unwanted weeds, which complicate and complicate the care of plants and harvesting. The purpose of our research was to assess the impact of modern herbicides on the infestation (clogging) of tomato seedlings with annual weeds and the productivity of cultivated plants in the natural and climatic conditions of the Republic of Kalmykia. It was revealed that the main weeds of tomato plantings for all the years of research from annual dicotyledonous species were-white mar, bindweed buckwheat, bird mountaineer, southern salt grass; less common - bedstraw tenacious, nightshade black, hibiscus triplet and others. Annual cereal species were more often represented by common oatmeal, blue and green bristles, and less often by barn grass. The introduction of herbicides Unimark, WDG and Lapis Lazuli, LP (loose powder) before planting seedlings did not have a negative effect on the survival rate of seedlings; it was 94-96% of the planned density of standing plants. It was found (established) that the use of herbicides in the planting of tomato seedlings restrained the increase in the number of annual grass weeds by 30-75%, annual dicotyledonous-by 70-90%. The introduction of preparations before planting seedlings was the most effective. The decrease in the number of annual weeds had a positive effect on the growth, development and productivity of tomato plants: there was an increase in the number of leaves by 10.4-16.5%, the mass of leaves (leaf weight) – by 11.8-21.2%, the area of the leaf surface – by 8.9-16.2%, the number of set fruits – by 18.9-23.8%, the average weight (mass) of a mature fruit – by 7.5-11.3%. The increase in the yield (the yield gain) of tomato fruits was in the range from 21.6 to 28.4%. The studied herbicides did not have a significant effect on the quality indicators of tomato fruits.

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Roberts, Warren, Jim Shrefler, Jim Duthie, and Jonathan Edelson. "MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL ALTERNATIVES FOR WEED CONTROL IN WATERMELON." HortScience 31, no. 5 (September 1996): 758e—758. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.5.758e.

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A study was conducted in southeastern Oklahoma to determine treatments or combinations of treatments that provided the best weed control and crop yield for watermelon. `Allsweet' watermelons were grown with different combinations of mechanical and chemical weed control. Treatments included naptalam, clomazone, naptalam + clomazone, bensulide, naptalam + bensulide, napropamide, trifluralin, dcpa, ethalfluralin, sethoxydim, paraquat, glyphosate, cultivation, cultivation + hoeing, cultivation + paraquat, cultivation + glyphosate, and one treatment with no weed control. Glyphosate and paraquat were applied as wipe-on when weeds were taller than watermelons. The five treatments with greatest yields were (in descending order) cultivation + hoeing, trifluralin, cultivation + paraquat, cultivation, and dcpa. The treatments with lowest yield were the control, paraquat, glyphosate, and naptalam. A visual rating (0–10, 0 is poor, 10 is ideal) was taken about 5 weeks after seeding. Treatments with a visual rating of 6 or more were trifluralin (9.4), cultivation + hoeing (9.3), napropamide (9.3), cultivation + glyphosate (7.5), cultivation + paraquat (6.8), dcpa (6.7), and cultivation (6.5). With the exception of the cultivation + hoeing, all plots were weedy at harvest time. Suppression of selected weeds by a herbicide usually allowed rapid growth of the remaining weeds.

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40

Raloff, Janet. "Cultivating Weeds." Science News 163, no. 15 (April 12, 2003): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4014444.

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Milius, Susan. "Tougher Weeds?" Science News 162, no. 7 (August 17, 2002): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4013785.

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42

Martinez, Chloe. "The Weeds." Ploughshares 47, no. 1 (2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plo.2021.0028.

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Dugas, James E. "Killer Weeds." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 44, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/44.2.380.

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Schindler, Fred. "Weeds [MicroBusiness]." IEEE Microwave Magazine 21, no. 3 (March 2020): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmm.2019.2958795.

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Hooper, Rowan. "Tumbling weeds." New Scientist 222, no. 2974 (June 2014): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(14)61209-4.

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MacIntyre, Alasdair. "POISON WEEDS." Review of Politics 69, no. 2 (March 2007): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003467050700068x.

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Stewart, C. Neal. "Becoming weeds." Nature Genetics 49, no. 5 (April 26, 2017): 654–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.3851.

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Brown, Kathryn. "Working Weeds." Scientific American 288, no. 4 (April 2003): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0403-34.

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Farrin, J. Scott. "The Weeds." Ploughshares 43, no. 1 (2017): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plo.2017.0003.

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Silano, Martha. "The Weeds." McNeese Review 59, no. 1 (2022): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mcn.2022.a925963.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Weeds'

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